The Genus Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae)
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 436: 1–355 (2014) Revision of Cephaloleia Chevrolat 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.436.5766 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The genus Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) Charles L. Staines1, Carlos García-Robledo1,2,3 1 Department of Entomology, MRC 187, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, U.S.A. 2 Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA 3 Primary affiliation: Departamento de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, México Corresponding author: Charles L. Staines ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Konstantinov | Received 10 June 2013 | Accepted 29 May 2014 | Published 22 August 2014 http://zoobank.org/4AE52FD6-8CF9-48DC-AA79-C15AD75FF7F1 Citation: Staines CL, García-Robledo C (2014) The genus Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae). ZooKeys 436: 1–355. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.436.5766 Abstract The species of the Neotropical genus Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836 are revised. We present a key to the known larvae of Cephaloleia (8 species), a key to the 95 species known to occur in Mexico, Central Amer- ica and the West Indies, and a key to the 138 species known to occur in South America. All identification keys were translated to Spanish. Descriptions for the 214 known species of Cephaloleia as well as illustra- tions for 212 species are presented. The following species are removed fromCephaloleia : C. bipartita Pic, 1926c is transferred to Hybosispa Weise, 1910; C. minasensis Pic, 1931 and C. viridis Pic, 1931 are trans- ferred to Stenispa Baly, 1858. The following species are described as new:C. abdita sp. n. from Brazil; C. amba sp. n. from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; C. angustacollis sp. n. from Ecuador; C. brevis sp. n. from French Guiana; C. calathae sp. n. from Costa Rica; C. chica sp. n. from Peru; C. conforma sp. n. from Costa Rica; C. crenulata sp. n. from Ecuador; C. gemma sp. n. from Bolivia and Brazil; C. horvitzae sp. n. from French Guiana; C. interrupta sp. n. from Costa Rica; C. kressi sp. n. from Costa Rica; C. lenticula sp. n. from Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, and Suriname; C. nana sp. n. from Ecuador; C. ochra sp. n. from Ecuador; C. stainesi sp. n. from Costa Rica; and C. susanae sp. n. from Brazil and Ecuador. Cephaloleia simoni Pic, 1934 is treated as Incertae sedis. The larvae ofC. erichsonii Baly, 1858 and C. puncticollis Baly, 1885 are described and illustrated. Keywords Cephaloleia, key to species, new species, biology, Neotropics Copyright C.L. Staines, C. García-Robledo. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Charles L. Staines & Carlos García-Robledo / ZooKeys 436: 1–355 (2014) Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................................................. 3 Materials and methods ............................................................................................. 3 Systematic account ................................................................................................... 5 Phylogeny and the tempo in the diversification of Cephaloleia ............................ 8 Identification of Cephaloleia species using DNA barcodes ................................ 10 Summary of the biology ................................................................................... 10 Key to the described larvae of Cephaloleia......................................................... 12 Clave para las larvas descritas de Cephaloleia ..................................................... 14 Key to the Cephaloleia species of Mexico, Central America and the West Indies .....15 Clave para las especies de Cephaloleia de México, Centro América y las Indias Occiden- tales .............................................................................................................................26 Key to the Cephaloleia known to occur in South America ................................. 35 Clave para las especies de Cephaloleia en Sur América ....................................... 44 Species accounts ............................................................................................... 54 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................ 340 References ............................................................................................................ 341 Revision of Cephaloleia Chevrolat 3 Introduction The Neotropical genusCephaloleia was erected by Chevrolat (1836) for the species Hispa metallica Fabricius, 1801 and H. nigricornis Fabricius, 1792. The type species is C. nigricornis (Fabricius) designated by Staines (1991(1992)). Cephaloleia is distrib- uted from the south of Mexico to Argentina. The entire genus has never been revised and identifications to species are chal- lenging. There have been four published keys toCephaloleia - Uhmann (1930a) for 22 species from Costa Rica, Uhmann (1936a) for 31 species, Staines (1996) for 88 species from Central America and the West Indies, and Staines (2009b) for five species known from the Caribbean. In this revision we include 214 species. In addition to a general overview of the literature on the taxonomy, ecology, and evolution of Cephaloleia, we present species descriptions for all species and images for all but two species (i.e. C. vittata Staines, 1996 and C. amblys Staines, 1996 whose type specimens were not available for this revision). We have been unable to locate the type of C. simoni Pic, 1934, any specimen identified as C. simoni, or any specimen which can be assigned to this species based on the short original description. We are treating this species as incertae sedis. We also included three identification keys: first a key to the known larvae of Cephaloleia. Then a key to theCephaloleia of Mexico, Central America and the West Indies and finally a key to theCephaloleia of South America. All keys were translated to Spanish. The taxonomy of Cephaloleia species in Central America is very stable as a result of decades of research. Having a key only for the Mexican and Central American species will facilitate species identification for researchers working on this region. The identi- fication of South American species is more challenging because of the high diversity of Cephaloleia in this continent. Although our key to the South American Cephaloleia includes all known species, researchers must remember that there are still many species to be described in this region. This last key is therefore a tool for both the identification and discovery of species in South America. Materials and methods Adult descriptions. For this study, measurements were taken with an ocular microm- eter. Pronotal length and width were taken along the midlines. Elytral width was meas- ured at the humerus. Elytral length was measured from the base to the apex. Total length was measured from the base of the antennae to the apex of the elytra. In record- ing label data from type specimens, a slash (/) divides data on different labels; brackets ([]) contain explanatory information. Data from other specimens are reported nearly as they appear on labels, but with some standardization in the format of dates, puncta- tion, or sequence of information. In specimens examined a question mark (?) indicates unknown province or state. 4 Charles L. Staines & Carlos García-Robledo / ZooKeys 436: 1–355 (2014) Material was studied from the following collections AJGC A. J. Gilbert, Fresno, CA, USA AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom BYUC Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA CASC California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA CDFA California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacremento, CA, USA CMNC Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada CNC Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada DEIC Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheburg, Germany DWC D. Windsor, Cuidad de Panama, Panama EGRC E. G. Riley, College Station, TX, USA EMEC Essig Museum of Entomology, Berkeley, CA, USA FMNH Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA FSCA Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL, USA INBIO Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Jeredia, Costa Rica INHS Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL, USA ISNB Institut Royal des Science Naturelle de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium LSC L. Sekerka, Liberec, Czech Republic MACN Museo Argentina de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires, Argentina MNHN Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France MUCR University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica NMW Naturhistorisches Museum in Wien, Vienna, Austria SEMC University of Kansas, Snow Entomological Museum, Lawrence, KS, USA STMD Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, Germany TAMU Texas A and M University, College Station, TX USA UMMZ University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA USNM National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Instution, Washington, DC, USA ZMHB Museum für Naturkunde de Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany Larva descriptions.