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Women at the Forefront of the Clean Energy Future

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Women at the Forefront of the Clean Energy Future WOMEN AT THE FOREFRONT OF THE CLEAN ENERGY FUTURE SEPTEMBER 2014 A White Paper of the USAID/IUCN Initiative Gender Equality for Climate Change Opportunities (GECCO) Disclaimer: This publication is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and Environment (E3). It was prepared by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. For information about GECCO contact: Natalie Elwell, USAID - [email protected] Andre Mershon, USAID - [email protected] Lorena Aguilar, IUCN - [email protected] November 2014 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 ACRONYMS 40 5. WOMEN’s AdvanCEMENT IN CLEAN ENERGY 6 CONSULTATION EMPLOYMENT, PARTICIpanTS ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND LEADERSHIP 10 1. ABSTRACT 41 Engineers and Technicians 11 2. INTRODUCTION 45 Energy Ministries, Public Sector Employees, Regulators 15 3. THE CLEAN ENERGY SECTOR: OPPORTUNITIES 47 Corporate Executives, Board Members, and AND KNOWLEDGE GAPS Project Managers 15 Opportunities in the Clean Energy Sector 48 Construction Workers and Plant Operators 19 Knowledge Gaps in Clean Energy and Climate 49 Entrepreneurs, Vendors, and Suppliers Change Mitigation 52 6. ROADMAP ON WOMEN 25 4. VIEWING CLEAN ENERGY AND CLEAN ENERGY PROJECTS THROUGH A GENDER LENS 52 Enabling Policy 25 Resource Inequalities Determine Impacts 53 Private Sector Investment 28 Enabling Policy 54 Generation, Transmission, Distribution (Infrastructure) 32 Private Sector Investment 55 End Users 33 Siting and Generation 55 Women’s Advancement in Employment, Leadership, and Entrepreneurship 35 Transmission and Distribution 36 End Users 3 ACRONYMS AFDB African Development Bank GECCO Gender Equality for Climate Change Opportunities C3E Clean Energy Education and Empowerment initiative GEF Global Environment Facility CCB Climate, Community, and GHG Greenhouse Gas Biodiversity Standard HDI Human Development Index ccGAP Climate Change Gender Action Plan IFC International Finance Corporation CDM Clean Development Mechanism IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CIF Climate Investment Funds IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency COP Conference of Parties IUCN International Union for Conservation CSR Corporate Social Responsibility of Nature CTF Clean Technology Fund LEDS Low Emission Development Strategy EC-LEDS Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission M2M Methane to Markets Development Strategies Program MW Megawatt EGI Environment and Gender Index NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action EIGE European Institute for Gender Equality NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment NGO Nongovernmental Organization EUPP Energy Utility Partnership Program OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation FAO Food and Agriculture Organization and Development FIT Feed in Tariff O&M Operations and Maintenance PFAN Private Finance Advisory Network 4 RAP Resettlement Action Plan REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation SREP Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization USAID United States Agency for International Development 5 CONSUltatION PARTICIpants This paper and consultation process would not have Elizabeth Cecelski been possible without the contributions and insights of Gender and Energy Consultant the individuals listed below (in alphabetical order). These ENERGIA International Network on Gender and individuals participated in one-on-one consultation sessions Sustainable Energy with the author, commented on drafts, and/or participated in the expert workshop in September 2014. While the white Becky Chacko paper draws on their insights and expertise, the findings Senior Climate Change Integration Specialist do not necessarily reflect the views of the consultation Global Climate Change Office participants or the institutions that they represent. USAID Rana Adib Kanika Chawla Research Coordinator Junior Policy Consultant Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21) (REN21) Lorena Aguilar Karen DeGannes Global Senior Gender Adviser Principal International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) DeGannes Consulting Group Alex Apotsos Christine Eibs Singer Climate Change Advisor Senior Advisor Bureau for Africa Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) USAID Adriana Eftimie Jacquie Ashmore Social Development Specialist Energy Technology Program Manager International Finance Corporation (IFC) Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Natalie Elwell Andrea Athanas Senior Advisor for Gender and Environment Program Design Manager Office of Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment, Agriculture and Energy E3 Bureau African Wildlife Foundation USAID Roseann Casey Matthew Emry Deputy Director, Economic Growth and Infrastructure Office Gender Advisor USAID Africa Bureau USAID 6 Bevan Flansburg Vanessa Janik Manager of International Programs Operations Officer National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) (NARUC) World Bank Rossanna Gonzalez Todd Johnson Social Advisor on Energy Policy Forestry & Climate Change Specialist Demand, Access, Energy Efficiency Unit Asia Bureau, Office of Technical Services Ministry of Industry, Energy, and Mining USAID Government of Uruguay Rachel Kastenberg Kristen Graf Senior Advisor Executive Director Global Partnerships Initiative Women of Wind Energy US Department of State Irma Gutiérrez Anne Kuriakose Gender Specialist, PELNICA Senior Social Development Specialist Government of Nicaragua Climate Investment Funds (CIF) Dominique Lallement John Hammond Senior consultant on gender, energy, and infrastructure Senior Director United States Energy Association (USEA) Sissy Larrea Gender Equity Advisor, Corinne Hart Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE) Program Manager, Gender & Markets Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves Simone Lawaetz Office of Infrastructure and Engineering Tahawar Hussain Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and Environment Policy Advisor USAID USAID Energy Policy Program-Pakistan Advanced Engineering Associates International Katherine Lucey Founder and CEO Britt Ide Solar Sister Founder and President Ide Law & Strategy, PLLC Kristen Madler Clean Energy Coordinator Fareeha Iqbal USAID Climate Change Specialist Global Environment Facility (GEF) Rachel Mahmud Gender Program Associate Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves 7 Paloma Marcos Maria Beatriz Orlando Gender and Diversity Division Senior Social Development Specialist Inter-American Development Bank World Bank Caroline McGregor Christine Roehrer Policy Analyst Senior Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist Office of International Affairs Climate Investment Funds (CIF) US Department of Energy Ana Rojas Andre Mershon ENERGIA International Network on Gender and Climate Change Specialist Sustainable Energy Global Climate Change Office E3 Bureau Alice Rwema USAID Transaction Adviser Minister of State for Energy and Water Denise Mortimer Ministry of Infrastructure Power Africa Government of Rwanda USAID Inka Schomer Subha Nagarajan Program Coordinator Energy Investment Expert Gender and Energy Program Africa Renewable Energy Access Fleur Newman World Bank Programme Officer/Gender Focal Point Sustainable Development Mechanisms Dechen Tsering UNFCCC Secretariat Coordinator Finance, Technology, Capacity Building Julieta Nikova UNFCCC Secretariat Associate Programme Officer Standards Setting Jackeline Siles UNFCCC Secretariat Central America Energy Program International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Matthew Ogonowski Global Climate Change Specialist Stacie Smith Global Climate Change Office Senior Mediator & Director of Workable Peace E3 Bureau Consensus Building Institute USAID Karla Solis Sheila Oparaocha Team Lead International Coordinator CDM Regional Collaboration Centre ENERGIA International Network on Gender and UNFCCC Secretariat Sustainable Energy 8 Justin Sosne Laura E. Williamson US Department of State Communication and Outreach Manager Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century Melanie Vant (REN21) Chief of Staff, Power Africa USAID Davida Wood Project Manager, Electricity Governance Initiative Yoko Watanabe World Resources Institute Senior Biodiversity Specialist Global Environment Facility (GEF) Zhihong Zhang Senior Program Coordinator Moritz Weigel Climate Investment Funds (CIF) Associate Programme Officer Finance, Technology, and Capacity Building, UNFCCC Secretariat 9 1. ABSTRact This white paper was commissioned by USAID under those gaps, while acknowledging and building on existing the USAID/IUCN Gender Equality for Climate Change research and experience on gender issues around energy Opportunities (GECCO) initiative. Developed through a at the household and micro to medium-scales. This paper literature review and individual consultations with experts intends to demonstrate that gender equality can be a driver and validated through an experts’ workshop, this white for more effective clean energy investments, and that this paper considers the most recent work on the intersection gender lens can be applied
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