Le Dom Juan De Molière : Qui a Lancé La Première 13 JACOB Pierre ?

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Le Dom Juan De Molière : Qui a Lancé La Première 13 JACOB Pierre ? http://literaturacomparata.ro/Site_Acta/index.html Acta Iassyensia Comparationis 15(1/2015) Eroi şi antieroi Heroes and Antiheroes Héros et Antihéros amplă varietate de contribuţii academice semnate de cercetători din diferite OOpărţi ale lumii – din cele două Americi, Africa şi Europa – au condus la caracterul polifonic al numărului al 15-lea al AIC. Generoasa temă EROI ŞI ANTIEROI a suscitat interesul a numeroşi specialişti cu preocupări ştiinţifice di- verse, rezultatul constituindu-l un consistent volum interdisciplinar, în care istoria şi critica literară, studiile teatrale, tematologia, imagologia şi mitanaliza întâlnesc studiile culturale, sociologia şi ştiinţele politice. wide range of scholarly contributions by researchers from different parts AAof the world – the two Americas, Africa and Europe – lead to the poly- phonic approach of the AIC 15th issue. The generous HEROES AND ANTI- HEROES theme stirred the interest of many specialists with various scientific profiles, which has resulted into a consistent interdisciplinary volume. Literary his- tory and criticism, theatre studies, thematology, imagology and mythanalysis meet cultural studies, sociology and political sciences. ne large variété de contributions académiques par des chercheurs pro- UUvenant de différentes parties du monde – les deux Amériques, l’Afrique et l’Europe – a conduit au caractère polyphonique du 15e numéro d’AIC. Le thème généreux HÉROS ET ANTIHÉROS a suscité l’intérêt de nombreux spécialistes aux profiles scientifiques divers, ce qui a déterminé l’interdisciplinarité du volume. Histoire et critique littéraires, études théâtrales, thématologie, imagologie et myth- analyse viennent à la rencontre des études culturelles, de la sociologie et des sciences politiques. AIC nr. 15 1/2015 Heroes and Antiheroes ©2015 AIC Héros et antihéros Cuprins/Contents/Contenu Articole/Articles/Articles: Vincenzo Le statut du héros moderne 1 REINA LI CRAPI Dany Le Dom Juan de Molière : qui a lancé la première 13 JACOB pierre ? Amelia La perfecta casada – Héroe y antihéroe en la visión 23 SANDU-ANDRIEŞ cristiana de Fray Luis de León Tancredi Un imperfetto capitano nell’epica barocca: 31 ARTICO il Boemondo di G. L. Sempronio come antitesi di Goffredo Emanuel Niels Klim: da antieroe a eroe... e ritorno 41 GROSU Agnès Manichéisme et machiavélisme dans le théâtre de 49 FELTEN Byron, Musset et Schiller Laure De Sens dessus dessous à L’éternel Adam, Le meilleur des 59 LÉVÊQUE mondes de Jules Verne Ema Thoreau’s Anti-Hero and the Use of Polarities in 69 MĂRGINEANU Walden Yasmine Héroïsme et anti-héroïsme au sein d'un parcours 77 JAKANI de l’errance : le cas Raskolnikov Monné Caroline L’heroïsme zolien face à la nevrose 87 DOUA OULAÏ Crina Nietzschean Antiheroes in Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda 95 LEON Gabler Ana Maria Joseph K. et Meursault: Anti-héros par excellence 103 ALVES d’un monde absurde Bechir Le refus d’héroïsme chez le personnage de Jean 113 KAHIA Giono Georgeta Loredana Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu, Străina. Convertirea 121 VOICILĂ antieroinei Francis Etsè Portraying a Tragic Hero in Ben Okri’s Flowers and 127 AWITOR Shadows: the Case of Jonan Okwe Dragoş Silviu Printre eroi şi antieroi. Marginalii la un roman 135 PĂDURARU de H. Bonciu Rodah SECHELE- Le mythe de Samori Touré entre singularité 143 NTHAPELELANG identitaire et universalité Yamina Statut et trajectoire d’un personnage 151 BAHI « hors-norme » : la figure de l’anti-héros dans La Fable du nain de Kamel Daoud Florica Lumi „tari” şi lumi „slabe” în dialog în romanele 159 BODIŞTEAN Ioanei Pârvulescu Lavinia Eroicitate discretă sau discreţie eroică? Avataruri 169 IENCEANU eroice în Eroul discret al lui Mario Vargas Llosa Mihaela Ingeborg Bachmann und Paul Celan als Antihelden 179 AANEI in Hans Weigels Unvollendete Symphonie. Der Schlüssel- roman oder die Kunst der Verschleierung Pablo La milonga del destino. Héroes y anti-héroes en 189 TURNES Un tal Daneri, de Alberto Breccia y Carlos Trillo Dragoş “Born Losers”: American Salesmen as Anti-Heroes 199 AVĂDANEI Souad The Stubborn Underdog Anti-hero and his 207 RAHMOUNI Distorted Democratic Utopia in I Married a Communist Iulia-Mădălina “Replicant” Heroes and Human Anti-Heroes in 217 PINTILIE Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? and Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner Marius-Adrian Taking Sides: Heroes, Antiheroes, and Journalism 227 HAZAPARU of Attachment in Ryszard Kapuściński’s Imperium Catinca Adriana De peuple sauvage au peuple fondateur : l’image 237 STAN des Amérindiens et des Daces dans les manuels scolaires du Québec et de la Roumaine Recenzii/Reviews/Revues: Livia Gisèle Vanhese, Le Méridien balkanique, Università 247 IACOB Della Calabria, Dipartimento di Linguistica, Sezione di Albanologia, Fondazione Universitaria “Francesco Solano”, 144 p. Loredana Puiu Ioniţă, Poezie mistică românească, Iaşi, Editura 251 CUZMICI Institutului European, 2014, 252 p. Livia Viorica S. Constantinescu, Cântarea inimii fericite. 255 IACOB Poezie egipteană de dragoste din Regatul Nou, Iaşi, Editura Opera Magna, 2014, 138 p. AIC nr. 15 1/2015 Le statut du héros moderne ©2015 AIC The Modern Hero’s Statute VICENZO REINA LI CRAPI Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens The early modern stages offer several favourable settings to analyse and follow the constitution of the modern literary hero and thus define what it is. The purpose of this article is to describe how a character on stage becomes a “hero”, defining his qualities in the end. Influenced by the Aristotelian ideas of poetry, the playwrights put on a world that would be mimesis of reality, and consequently their works show the coeval conception of man, defined since his temporal being, as Montaigne points out in his Essais. So in order to act well, the future heroes have to see time as an opportunity and live in harmony with it as well as Prince Harry in 1 Henry IV. This way, they can promptly act as Rodrigue in Corneille’s Cid. Furthermore, likewise the Hegelian’s Master-Slave dialectic, the characters will give to their society the image of a hero risking his life, and renouncing sensual pleasures, as Sigismund in La vida es sueño. From this point of view, the modern hero seems to embody the two opposite ideas of magnanimity pointed out in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. Keywords: theatre; time; modern hero; Corneille; Shakespeare; Calderón de la Barca. n le sait, les scènes anglaises, françaises et espagnoles de la première modernité sont un lieu privilégié où apercevoir le héros moderne en action. Cette réflexion se pro- O pose par conséquent d’enquêter succinctement dans quelques-uns des chefs-d’œu- vre deO l’époque qui est le héros moderne, en suivant sa formation, en en dévoilant les qualités, et, en conclusion, en rappelant le rapport qu’il entretient avec son public. Qui est le héros moderne Les spectateurs qui assistaient à la première partie d’Henry IV de Shakespeare au Theatre1, à La vie est un songe de Calderón dans les corrales, ou au Cid de Corneille au Marais (l’analyse s’appuiera principalement sur les exemples du prince Harry, de Sigismond et de Rodrigue2) voyaient sur scène des personnages fictifs qui existaient et agissaient dans un temps lui aussi fictif, mais qui pourtant s’affichait comme vraisemblable, en pourvoyant par conséquent de vraisemblance les mêmes masques3. Le principe de la vraisemblance qui s’affirme avec la diffusion des poétiques aristotéliciennes à partir du Cinquecento (cf. Duprat, 2009) poussait les dramaturges à créer de 1Le Globe sera inauguré en 1599 avec Henry V. 2Les vers des œuvres, donnés directement dans le texte, renvoient aux éditions de S. Wells et de G. Taylor en ce qui concerne les pièces de Shakespeare, reprises et traduites dans la collection « Bouquins » de Laf‐ font (éds. M. Grivelet et G. Monsarrat) ; à l’édition de L. Dupuis pour Gallimard de La vida es sueño ; et à l’édition du Cid de 1637 établie par G. Forestier et R. Garapon pour la Société de Textes Français Modernes. 3Sur la question je me permets de renvoyer à mon travail de thèse sous la direction d’Anne Duprat,Temps et conscience religieuse dans le théâtre tragique (1590‐1640): Italie, France, Espagne, Angleterre, en parti ‐ culier aux chapitres 1 et 2. 1 2 AIC caractères dont les qualités étaient soumises aux exigences de l’intrigue4, et qui également rendaient compte – ou tendaient d’influencer – la conception de l’homme contemporaine5. Une conception qui ne pouvait qu’être marquée tout d’abord par l’intuition que l’être humain ne saurait se décrire sub speciae aeternitatis, tel que le proposait l’ontologie classique, étant donné qu’à cause de son être temporel l’individu se découvre toujours différent de lui-même, intuition que Montaigne a ex- primée avec la célèbre formule « je peins le passage »6. À travers cette auto-compréhension, l’homme à partir de la Renaissance avait acquis un sens de perfectionnement qui, contrairement à l’idéal grec de Kalokagathia, était entièrement centré sur le devenir et renvoyait à la condition de l’individu bourgeois, à savoir une « conception dynamique de l’homme »7. Entre toutes les temporalités théâtrales, le temps personnel acquiert dans cette perspective une importance capitale, encouragée d’ailleurs par la fortune dont jouit l’augustinisme à partir du XVIe siècle : en effet, c’est grâce à la durée que l’homme comprend d’être un étant (dans le sens heideggérien du terme, à savoir d’un étant qui a une conscience pré-ontologique de lui-même) plongé dans le temps8. S’opposant aux suites linéaires et identiques des instants égaux et sans valeur du temps mesuré, ce temps fait naître la conscience que tous les moments de la vie ne se valent pas : comme l’a montré Bergson, si le temps physique est un temps exclusivement quanti- tatif, le temps du vécu est plutôt qualitatif, à travers des instants privilégiés qui s’allongent ou s’ac- courcissent d’après l’état de conscience de l’individu.
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