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Aaron, Bulgarian Prince 82 Aaron, Jewish High Priest 88, 92 Aaron Index Aaron, Bulgarian Prince 82 Alekseevka hillfort 248 Aaron, Jewish High Priest 88, 92 Alexander the Great 41 Aaron, Khazar ruler 86 n. 311, 93–96 and Alids 151, 155 n. 353, 210 n. 171 Almish, Volga Bulgar ruler 86, 158, 232, 242 Abbasid Caliphate 152, 154 Almus (Almos), Magyar ruler 97 n. 363 Abbasids 147, 149, 151, 155, 162 Alp Ilitver, ruler of the Caucasian Huns 61 Abd Al-Rahman, Caliph of Cordoba 1 Alp Tarkhan, Khazar commander 61 Abraham, Jewish Patriarch 42–43, 45, 88, 100 Altai Mountains 23, 79, 220, 277 abshad, see shad Ambroz, Anatolii 252 Abu Nasr Al-Qummi, Hasan ibn Ali 143 Amu Darya 31, 33, 45, 110, 150, 241 n. 75, Abulja Khan, son of Nuh (Noah) 45 277–278 Aditi, Indian goddess, mother of the Angelova, Elena 182 n. 55 gods 123 n. 503 Anahita, Iranian goddess 76, 79, 101, Adonis, Phoenician god of fertility 105, 102 n. 388, 110 and n. 429, 111–112 and 109–110 n. 440, 115 and n. 456, 116–117, 125 Afanas’ev, Gennadii 198, 238, 243 and n. 85, ancestor-twins 120–121 246, 248, 253–254 and n. 136 Andrei-Aul hillfort 12, 186, 203 n. 141, 247 Afghanistan 40 Ansa 52, 54, 60–61 Afrasiab, Turan mythical hero 33, 45–46 Aphrodite, Greek goddess 109–110, 116–117 and n. 123, 74–75, 278 Api, Scythian goddess 103–104, 110, 113 Africa 41, 165 Apollo, Greek god 77, 106 Agachkala settlement 85 Arab Caliphate 1–2, 147–149, 151, 167, Agrerat, brother of Afrasiab 75 179 n. 44, 221, 242 Ahriman 110–111 Arabian Peninsula 41 Ahura Mazda 72, 74, 79, 110 and n. 431, 111 Arabs 47, 56, 61, 63, 90, 110, 118, 234 Aibabin, Aleksander 140 n. 70, 183 n. 58, Aral Sea 187 n. 72, 252, 257 n. 158, 264 n. 199 Aral-Caspian Depression 193 Aidar River 195, 197 Cis-Aral Region 30 n. 52, 33, 218 Akaga, ruler of the Utigurs 81 Ardvi River, see Amu Darya Akatsirs 233 n. 36 Aredvi Sura Anahita, see Anahita Aksai River 205 Armenia/Armenians 43 and n. 110, 44 n. 112, Aksenov, Viktor 117, 119 n. 474, 203 n. 138, 61, 63, 81, 89, 141, 162 218, 219 n. 223, 257 n. 158, 259 n. 170 Armenian Geography 80, 95 Aktash River 205 Arpad, Magyar ruler 97 n. 363, 98 Alania 30, 126, 145 and n. 94, 182 n. 56, 210, Arran, see Albania (Caucasian) 221, 233, 237 Arsacid dynasty 44 n. 112, 75 Christianization 210 n. 171 al-Arsiyah, see Khazar Larisiyah Alans 20–22, 27–32, 117–118, 126, 129, 140, 144, Artamonov, Mikhail 2, 18, 26 and n. 41, 182 and n. 56, 183 and n. 57, 184–186 and 37–38 and n. 83, 48, 52, 55–56, 60, n. 71, 191–192, 210 and n. 171, 221, 247, 251, 63–64 and n. 205, 66–67, 75 n. 254, 91, 256–257, 259 and n. 170, 260, 264, 266 97–98, 129 and notes 10–11, 134–135, 144, Alan, son of Togarmah 42 167, 181, 182 n. 56, 187, 189, 208, Alardy, Ossetian deity 117 210 n. 171, 211, 213–214 and n. 196, 218, Albania/Albanians (Caucasian) 43–44 and 219 n. 222, 241, 244, 252 n. 128, 255–256 n. 112, 225, 245 Artaxerxes II, Shahanshah of Persia 110 n. 431 318 Index Arti/Artivah, Iranian goddess 109 Balanjar, son of Japheth 44–45 Artimpasa, Scythian goddess 103, 109 balgitzi/bolushchi 232 and n. 34 Aryans 107, 124 n. 511, 279, 282 Bálint, Csanád 171 n. 5 Arzhantseva, Irina 220 n. 228, 258 Balkan Mountain Range (Stara Planina) Ases 23–24, 63, 233, 241 n. 75, see also Alans 198 n. 118 Ashina, Turkic dynasty 23, 46, 50, 52–54, 56, Balkan Peninsula 24, 264, 273, 279 61, 77, 277 Balkh 15, 62 Ashkenaz, son of Gomer 43 n. 110 Al-Balkhi, Abu Zayd Ahmed ibn Sahl 137, Ashvini twins 120 n. 484 139, 142–143, 159 n. 44 Asia 25, 27–29, 35, 136, 159, 166, 192, 269 Baltic Sea 148–149, 165 Central 24, 25 n. 36, 27–28, 31, 280 n. 49 Band-e Amir River 40 Middle 6, 21–22, 25 n. 36, 29–32 and Bansko 69 n. 62, 33, 37 n. 78, 47, 62, 78, 105, Baranov, Igor 5, 145, 183–184, 197, 204, 216, 150–151, 159, 165, 168, 218, 225, 241–246, 232 n. 32, 236, 256–257 and n. 158, 248–249, 253, 261, 265, 270, 275, 277 259 n. 170, 264 Aspandiat, supreme god of the Caucasian Bardas, Byzantine noble 161 Huns 116 and n. 461, 117, 233 n. 37 Barfield, Thomas 271 Asparukh, Bulgar ruller 123, 190 n. 86 Bars-bek, Kyrgyz Khagan 65 Assyria/Assyrians 110, 124 n. 511 Barsil/Barsul, brother of Khazar 39–40, 42, Astarte, Assyrian goddess 109, 111 45 Astrakhan 159 n. 43, 206 n. 151 Barsilia/Barsils 28, 37–41, 45, 57 n. 172, 75, Atanasov, Georgi 220 80, 95, 138 Atsirukhs, Ossetian (Nart) goddess 123 Bartol’d, Vasilii 262 Attila, Hunnic ruler 185 n. 65, 277 Bashkiria/Bashkirs 32, 258 Attis, Phrygian god 106 Basil II, Byzantine Emperor 266 n. 208 Augsburg 164 Basmils 53, 225 Avar Khaganate/ Avars 28 n. 46, 53, Batbayan, Bulgar ruler 138, 228–229 and 185 n. 65, 205 n. 149, 276–277, 280–281 n. 25 Avchi Tarkhan 61 Al-Bayda 239 Avesta 74 Bedi Barsil, Oghuz hero 41 Avitochol, ancestor of the Bulgars 122 Beilis, Vol’f 141 Ay Ana (Moon Mother) 123 bek 23, 60 and n. 183, 61–65, see also Khazar Ay Khagan, mother of Oghuz Khagan 81, 123 bek Azerbaijan 44 and n. 112, 244 n. 87 Belaia Vezha 239, 263 n. 196 Azov, Sea of 5, 27, 122 and n. 499, 129, 139, Belgrad 239 n. 62 144 n. 87, 151, 173, 183–184, 192–193, 195, Benjamin, Khazar ruler 93 196 n. 106, 263 n. 194 Benovska-Subkova, Milena 100 n. 383 Beshevliev, Veselin 230 B-d-shan River 211 Bible (Old Testament) 18, 87–89, 92–93, 107 Bactra River 40 Book of the Prophet Ezekiel 41 Bactria 31, 33, 115 n. 456 Prophet Isaiah 230 baghatur 23 n. 25, 116, 233 bident, see tamgas Baghatur, name of the Khazar khagan Bilge Khagan, see Mojilian (Bilge) Khagan 233 n. 37 Biliar 16, 241, 244 n. 87, 246 Baghdad 15, 86–87, 90, 150, 156 n. 29, 158, 166 bird baghpur, Khwarezmian title 63 bird of prey 78, 97 n. 363, 115–116, 118–119 Bakhmutino culture 35 camel-bird 78 Al-Bakri, Abu ʿUbaid 136 dog-bird, see Simurgh Balanjar 44–45, 204 n. 144 water bird 78, 121, 124–125.
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