Ends of Eras in the Eastern Mojave Desert
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Exploring ends of eras in the eastern Mojave Desert david m. miller, editor desert symposium, inc. • april 2019 IN MEMORIAM Rob Fulton Robert “Rob” Fulton, III, the Desert Studies Center’s longtime site manager, passed away last summer in an auto accident while driving to his mountain residence in Idyllwild, CA. He contributed to the Desert Studies program for nearly two decades, welcoming arrivals and coordinating rooms, facilities, and meals. Rob first visited the Desert Studies Center (DSC) in fall 1979, when he was starting his graduate studies at California State University, Fullerton. As a member of the student group that volunteered for weekend work parties, he helped restore many buildings. He completed his M.S. thesis in plant biology, (“Reproductive ecology of Agave deserti Engelm (Agavaceae) in the Robert E. Reynolds Desert Symposium Student Research Award absence of coevolved bat pollinators”), but This award to honor Bob Reynolds took pride in knowing as much about the acknowledges Bob’s decades of flora and fauna of the desert as about the service to desert sciences, from geology, meteorology, and human history. In directing large fossil excavations 1986 he was hired as the full-time resident and exploring for minerals to caretaker. A year later, he became site mentoring numerous students and manager, and stayed for the following 31 apprentices. In addition, Bob has years. been central to holding the annual Apart from Rob’s enormous impact on the Desert Symposium for over 30 infrastructure and operations of the DSC, years, in many cases singlehandedly he touched the lives of thousands of visitors soliciting contributors, organizing over the years. He taught through the Desert the meeting, and running the field Studies extended education program and trip. Bob’s leadership and service was an encyclopedia of “desert knowledge” are honored with this award by for any student, researcher, or member of promoting student research projects. the public that stepped through the Center’s Information on applying for and doors. Rob will be missed. donating to the award is available at http://desertsymposium.org. Donors will be identified in the annual volume published by the Desert Symposium. Desert Symposium Inc. is a non-profit 501(c)3 organization. Contributions are tax-deductible as allowed by law. Reynolds Award 2019 donors • Anonymous • Valerie Castor • Timothy Elam • John Harms • Gregor Losson • Norman Meek • David Miller • Jennifer Reynolds • Robert Reynolds • Carole Ziegler The 2019 award recipient Carolyn Mills Claremont Graduate University/Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden “A Vascular Flora of the Nopah Range, Inyo County, CA” Exploring ends of eras in the eastern Mojave Desert David M. Miller, editor 2019 Desert Symposium Field Guide and Proceedings April 2019 Front cover: View from mine portal on Kokoweef Peak north across Piute Valley toward the Mescal Range and Clark Mountain, 1972. R. E. Reynolds photo. Back cover: The Mohawk mine, Clark Mountain, 1970s. R. E. Reynolds poto. Title page: The Amargosa River at Little Dumont Dunes, 1997. R. E. Reynolds photo. Road Log maps prepared by Thomas Schweich. © 2019 Desert Symposium, Inc., a 501(c)3. Terms of Use: copies may be made for academic purposes only. The Desert Symposium is a gathering of scientists and lay people interested in the natural and cultural history of arid lands. The meeting comprises scientific presentations followed by a field trip. The Desert Symposium and its field trip take place annually, usually in April. The Desert Symposium publishes a volume of papers and a field trip road log. Safety, courtesy, desert awareness and self-reliance are expected of all participants. A color version of this and past volumes may be viewed at http://www.desertsymposium.org/About.html 2 2019 desert symposium Table of contents Exploring ends of eras in the eastern Mojave Desert: the road log 7 D. M. Miller, W. G. Spaulding, R. E. Reynolds, J. P. Calzia, M. E. Wells, R. J. Fleck, and S. Baltzer Additional notes on the mineralogy of the Blue Bell mine, San Bernardino County, California 49 Paul M. Adams and Robert M. Housley Northern Halloran Springs mining district, San Bernardino County, California: a summary 53 Gregg Wilkerson Late Pleistocene to early Holocene cave faunas from the eastern Mojave Desert 63 Robert E. Reynolds Late Quaternary woodrat midden records from Clark Mountain, eastern Mojave Desert, California 73 David Rhode, Marith C. Reheis, and David M. Miller Floristic discoveries in mid-elevation sky islands and surrounding valleys in the northern Mojave Desert, Inyo County, California 82 Naomi Fraga and Carolyn Mills Lava Creek B ash bed at Ivanpah Lake playa, southeastern California 89 J. R. Knott Strike-slip fault interactions at Ivanpah Valley, California and Nevada 91 D.M. Miller, V.E. Langenheim, K.M. Denton, and D. Ponce Mineralogy of the Thor rare earth deposit, New York Mountains, southern Nevada 98 Suzanne Baltzer and Dr. Robert Housley Southern Spring Mountains (a.k.a. Goodsprings) Mining District, Clark County, Nevada and San Bernardino County, California 104 Gregg Wilkerson A window on the later Early Holocene: packrat middens from Black Butte, Sandy Valley, Nevada 113 W. Geoffrey Spaulding Circular growth patterns in Southern California desert plants 118 David K. Lynch Fall blooming of the western Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) 123 James W. Cornett U-Pb age of siliciclastic sediments north of Alamo Lake, Arizona 127 William J. Elliott and Joseph L. Corones Alamo schist north of Alamo Lake, Arizona 128 William J Elliott and Joseph L. Corones Distributed fault slip in the eastern California shear zone: adding pieces to the puzzle near Barstow, California 134 Elizabeth K. Haddon, David M. Miller, Vicki Langenheim, and Shannon A. Mahan 2019 desert symposium 3 Early Late Duchesnean (Late Middle Eocene) Titus Canyon Fauna, Titus Canyon Formation, Death Valley National Park, Inyo County, southeastern California 141 E. Bruce Lander Paleoecology of the Slug Bed and other mollusk-bearing sites from the Barstow Formation 154 Don Lofgren, April Bi, Drake Gardner, Kelli Henry, Peter Raus, Madalyn Stoddard, and Kia Nalbandi A short-lived geothermal mud pot near Niland, Imperial County, California 161 Paul M. Adams and David K. Lynch A mysterious moving mud spring near Niland, Imperial County, California 168 D. K. Lynch, Travis Deane, Justin Rogers, Carolina Zamora, James S. Bailey, Dean Francuch, Christopher W. Allen, Cassandra Gouger, David Dearborn, Paul Adams, and Andrea Donnellan Lake level fluctuations in the Northern Great Basin for the last 25,000 years 176 Lauren Santi, Alexandrea Arnold, Daniel E. Ibarra, Chloe Whicker, John Mering, Charles G. Oviatt, and Aradhna Tripati A tectonic model sequentially linking the major tectonics of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico since 30 Ma 187 Brian C. White Abstracts from proceedings: the 2019 Desert Symposium 195 David M. Miller, compiler Geologic field investigation in the Yermo Hills, central Mojave Desert, California 195 Robert Bennett, Fred E. Budinger, Jr. and Paul Mershon Stratigraphy, geochemistry, and deformation of the Bicycle Lake basalt, southeastern Fort Irwin, California 195 David C. Buesch Varnish microlamination dates for artifacts from the Robert Begole collection at Anza-Borrego Desert State Park® 196 Robin Connors A desert tortoise tale of burrows at two sites: it was the best of times and the worst of times 197 Kristy Cummings, Shellie R. Puffer, Jeffrey E. Lovich, Terence R. Arundel, and Kathleen D. Brundige New surficial geologic mapping to constrain Quaternary deformation along the Bristol-Granite Mountains Fault Zone, northern Bristol Mountains, eastern Mojave Desert, California 197 Andrew J. Cyr Changing times in traditional Mojave Desert landscape photography 198 Walter Feller Grinnell resurveys document the changing wildlife and environment of the Mojave Desert 198 Lori Hargrove and Philip Unitt Quantifying the precipitation forcing driving pluvial lake highstands in the Great Basin during the last deglaciation 198 Daniel E. Ibarra The Sand Mammoth, Anza-Borrego Desert State Park®, California: an interim report 199 Sandra Keeley, Robert Keeley, Kathleen Holen, George T. Jefferson, and Lyndon K. Murray Differential responses by two ground squirrel species to motion camera surveillance in 2017 and 2018 under varying weather conditions in the West Mojave Desert 200 Edward L. LaRue, Jr., M.S. Where have all the turtles gone, and why does it matter? 200 Jeffrey E. Lovich, Joshua R. Ennen, Mickey Agha, and J. Whitfield Gibbons Tellurium in the Mojave: the geochemistry of a rare element re-investigated at the Otto Mountain and Blue Bell mines (near Baker, California) 201 Owen P Missen, Stuart J Mills and Joël Brugger 4 2019 desert symposium The Fairbanks Spring mammoth site: excavation and analysis of a Columbian mammoth from groundwater discharge deposits in Amargosa Valley, Nevada 202 Lauren E. Parry, Stephen M. Rowland, Esmeralda A. Elsrouji, Mihaela G. Genova A mid-Cretaceous snapshot of retroarc shortening in the southern Sevier foreland fold-thrust belt, Bird Springs Range, Nevada 203 K. C. Rafferty, M. L. Wells, and T. D. Craig Geochemical proxies in Late Pleistocene wetlands in Nevada: preliminary results from the Eldorado Valley 203 Douglas B. Sims and Amanda C. Hudson Geological constraints on hydrology and endangered species habitat at the Desert Studies Center, Zzyzx, CA 204 Cynthia Skjerve The first Pleistocene paleosol vertebrate fossils in Ridgecrest, Kern County, CA 204 J. D. Stewart and Marjorie E. Hakel 2019 desert symposium 5 6 2019 desert symposium Exploring ends of eras in the eastern Mojave Desert: the road log D. M. Miller, W. G. Spaulding, R. E. Reynolds, J. P. Calzia, M. E. Wells, R. J. Fleck, and S. Baltzer with contributions by K.B. Springer, J.S. Pigati, G. Wilkerson, O.T. Rämö, R. Housley, C.J. Davidson, A.T. Calvert, B.A. Swanson, and S.J. Caskey The 2019 Desert Symposium theme addresses several ends of eras and of physiographic regimes.