The 2nd Quarter Aggregate 2010 TheT International Concrete Repair Institute • Baltimore/Washington DC Chapter www.icribwchapter.orgw

Preservation of Stone Masonry Aqueducts On the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal - Part One By Denis J. McMullan, P.E. & Douglas E. Bond, P.E. History of C&O Canal Aqueducts

IN THIS ISSUE The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (C&O Canal), extending from Washington, DC to Cumberland, , is one of TECHNICAL ARTICLES the most popular parks in the National Park System. Each year thousands of park visitors use the park’s towpath to Preservation of Stone Masonry Aqueducts bike, hike, jog, and ride or otherwise use this park. But the On the Chesapeake use of this park is very dependent on towpath continuity. And towpath continuity is and Ohio Canal dependent on maintaining and rehabilitating the twelve aqueducts along the canal. Part One Collapse of one or more of these historic aqueducts would severe the canal’s towpath Meridian Hill Park and would greatly limit the public’s enjoyment of this park. This National Park Service - fact had led to intensive efforts to preserve and rehabilitate see Preservation - page 6 Historic Concrete Repair

COLUMNS PRESIDENTS MESSAGE CHAPTER HISTORY Meridian Hill Park – Washington, DC SAFETY Providing a Clear Egress LEGAL National Park Service - Historic Pay-if-Paid Clause: Concrete Repair Contract Mechanism for Shifting Non-Payment Risks Project Profi le

ICRI NATIONAL NEWS Meridian Hill Park is located between 15th & 16th street in NW Washington, DC and is part of the Rock SPONSORS Creek Park system. It consist of large upper park with a mall, a lodge trellis sitting area and a broad terrace overlooking the lower park and a lower water cascade of BECOME AN ICRI-BWC SPONSOR linked basins, symmetric stairways and a large refl ecting pool surrounded by a plaza. PLATINUM PLUS The concrete elements at the park were constructed from 1912 through 1936 using Structural Preservation cutting edge fi nishing techniques for the period. The National Park service took control Systems, LLC of the park in 1933 and has managed it ever since. see Meridian Hill - page 11 SEE PAGE 4 FOR A LIST OF OUR SPONSORS

ICRI-BW CHAPTER CONTINUING EDUCATION SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM CHAPTER OFFICERS PRESIDENT The Baltimore-Washington DC Chapter is proud to announce the 2010 Scholarship Program! We are currently Matt Nachman accepting applications. Applications are to be received or postmarked by June 4, 2010. One of the scholarships Tadjer-Cohen-Edelson Associates, Inc. awarded will be dedicated to an applicant that is in the concrete repair industry. [email protected] Please visit our website, www.icribwchapter.org, for more information and to download the application! VICE-PRESIDENT If you have any questions, please contact Patrick O’Malley, 410-298-2669 Chris Carlson Engineering Technical Consultants [email protected] COLUMNS CHAPTER INFORMATION SECRETARY Safety Column 2nd Quarter Membership Meeting Pat O’Malley CORRECTING MOISTURE-RELATED PROBLEMS WITH Concrete Protection & Restoration, Inc. Providing a Clear Egress CONCRETE FLOORS see page 13 May 6, 2010 [email protected] Holiday Inn, College Park, MD TREASURER see page 3 Legal Column Jay Whitton Business Card Service Directory Pay-if-Paid Clause: Contract Mechanism for C. A. Lindman Shifting Non-Payment Risks [email protected] see page 17 see page 13 PAST PRESIDENT ICRI-Baltimore Washington DC Neil Savitch Sponsors Construction Specialties Group [email protected] see page 4 -2- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org theme is Aesthetics inConcrete Repair. Ourchapter April 14-16, 2010inMyrtleBeach. The convention network withothersand growprofessionally. will allowmembersto increasetheirknowledge, join ourchapterandwehope thatourdinnermeetings this topic. We arealwaysexcitedtohavenewmembers or ownersfromourindustrythatmaybeinterested in bring othercontractors,engineers,materialsuppliers to bringthisprogramourchapter. Iinviteyouto of thecountryandourboardhasworkeddiligently same programwasverywellattendedinother parts on moisturerelatedproblemswithconcrete Rourke, twoformerICRINationalPresidents,present It isourpleasuretohavePeterCraigandMonica dinner meetingwillbeheldon Thursday May6,2010. repairs toposttensionedconcrete. Michlus fromFreyssinet,spokeaboutinspectionand you toallthatattended. The speaker, Mr. Andrew March 4th. This wasanastonishingturnout. Thank rescheduled ICRI/ACIjointdinnermeetingheldon area. However, wehadover110 attendeesforthe snow stormsthathittheBaltimore-Washington DC was rescheduledduetooneoftheseverallarge work toourindustrythisspring. industry andofallinvolved.Providinganopenforumtospeakaboutourwork,newtechnologies Material Suppliers,PropertyManagersandOwnersallworkingtogetherforthebettermentof ICRI isanorganizationcomposedofEngineers,Consultants,Contractors,Manufacturersandother and informationtoimprovethequalityofrepair,restoration,protectionconcreteother The missionoftheInternationalConcreteRepairInstituteistobealeadingresourceforeducation The ICRI2010SpringConvention isscheduledfor The nextICRIBaltimore-Washington DCChapter As mostofyouknow, ourFebruarydinnermeeting Creating andfollowingstandardstoproducethebestresultsforallinvolved. on theeconomywillbringmore o in weatherandtheupbeatoutlook in this winter.th Hopefullythischange cold andsnowthatweexperienced c weeks isawelcomechangetothe w weather wehadinthepastseveral w members! m The wonderfulspring Baltimore B Washington DCChapter Happy springtoallICRI ICRI MISSIONSTATEMENT PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE structures inaccordancewithconsensuscriteria. methods, exchangeideas. fl oors. This www.icribwchapter.org. all informationrelatedto ourchaptercanbefoundat more involvedwiththechapter activities. As always, com withyourideasorifyouwouldliketobecome Please feelfreetocontactmeatmnachman@tadjerco. to hearyourideasonhowmakethischapterbetter. involved withourchapteractivities. We areinterested meeting. help thesecauseswillbepresentedatourMaydinner County. Information onhowyoucanvolunteerand Carver Vo-Tech andHabitat forHumanityofGarrett committee isliningupseveralprojectsforthisyearat meeting. Lastbutnotleast,ourcommunityoutreach three projectswillbefeaturedatourNovemberdinner early summertoallofthechaptermembers. The top 2010. Application informationwillbesentoutin Oscar Valenzuela willbe coordinatingthiseffort in Chapter LocalOutstandingProject Awards program. upcoming programistheBaltimore-Washington DC contained inthisissueoftheaggregate. Another ([email protected]) orseetheinformation year. InterestedmemberscancontactPatO’Malley and theirfamiliesforeducationalpurposesevery multiple scholarshipstoICRIBW Chaptermembers Chapter ScholarshipProgram.Ourchapterprovides summer. The getting readytokickoff withthestartofspringand issue ofthe Aggregate. information fortheconventioncanbefoundinthis that thisconventionwillbenoexception.Registration typically hasagreatturnoutattheconventions;Ihope Tadher-Cohen-EdelsonInc. Associates, Matt Nachman Our boardisalwayslookingformemberstogetmore Several ofourverysuccessfulchapterprogramsare fi rst istheBaltimore-Washington DC THEBALTIMORE/WASHINGTON,DCCHAPTEROFICRI

Thursday, May 6, 2010 Holiday Inn College Park 10000 Baltimore Blvd. College Park, MD 301-345-6700 Exit 25 (Baltimore Blvd. North US 1) off Beltway, Hotel on Left ICRI-BWC IS PROUD TO PRESENT OUR Advance Reservations by 04-29-10: $40 MEETING SPONSOR: After 04-29-10: $50 4:00 Board Meeting 5:30 Social Hour 6:30 Dinner & Presentation A BILLION DOLLAR PROBLEM, Our Featured Speakers Peter Craig Monica Rourke A BILLION DOLLAR OPPORTUNITY… Concrete Constructives Dryworks, Inc Monica Rourke is the owner and President of Dry Works, Inc., CORRECTING MOISTURE-RELATED providing contracting and materials consulting for moisture control, testing, and leak repair of concrete structures. She has PROBLEMS WITH CONCRETE FLOORS concentrated her efforts on material consulting and contracting services as it relates to moisture mitigation and leak repair. She currently participates in several collaborative ventures including Our Featured Presentation professional services with government agencies and private firms either as a consultant, instructor, or seminar speaker. Monica has given numerous presentations on pavement preservation, leak Moisture-related flooring and coating repair technologies, review of successful case histories and product problems have become one of the most analysis covering concrete moisture mitigation projects. She serious and costly of construction- currently serves on the ICRI National Board of Directors; she is the related issues. Current Chair of the ICRI National Committee on Certification; and she is the National Chairperson of the ICRI Administration & Technical Committees. Peter A. Craig is a Concrete Floor Specialist with Concrete In this program, attendees will learn: Constructives. He has over 37 years experience as concrete construction and repair specialist. In addition to providing consulting x How moisture causes flooring problems and quality assurance services for specialized aspects of concrete x Where the moisture comes from construction, maintenance, repair & protection, he is an instructor x How to properly test for moisture for ICRI Concrete Moisture Testing Certification Program; He works with the American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM); the x What methods can be used to avoid American Concrete Institute (ACI); and Construction Specifications or correct a moisture problem Institute (CSI). He has eleven nationally published articles and 5 videos. He has been a guest speaker at over 100 technical Case studies will be presented! conferences and meetings for the past 15 years. He is a 2008-2009 Contributing Editor for Concrete Surfaces Magazine.

REGISTRATION DEADLINE IS April 29, 2010 NO-SHOWS WILL BE BILLED Please email ([email protected]) or print this page and fax to Pat O’Malley, Secretary, at 410-298-4086 no later than April 29, 2010. Checks to ICRI BWC may be turned in at the meeting or mailed with your form to: Pat O'Malley, Secretary Name: ICRI BW Chapter c/o Concrete Protection & Restoration, Inc. Company: 6737 Dogwood Road Telephone: Baltimore, MD 21207 Email: Number of Guests: Payment: Enclosed Online You may also register and (Please include receipt) pay online at Guest Names:

www.ICRIBWChapter.org Guest’s Company: -3- -4- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org 2010 CHAPTERSPONSORS PLATINUM PLUS PLATINUM SILVER GOLD -5- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org chapter. and enhancethememberserviceprogram ofour provide anadditionalrevenue sourcetoexpand the companiestoourmembershipand,inaddition, chapter. Thisplanwillaffordincreasedexposurefor new andexpandedsponsorshipprogram forthe Washington, DCChapterispleasedtopresenta To thisend,theBoardofDirectors Baltimore/ help tomake ithappen! We have agreatyear aheadofusandneedyour FREE CONTINUINGEDUCATION SEMINAR: REGISTER TODAY! & Strengthening, Restoring&Protecting Structures ONLINE 3RVLWLYHRUQHJDWLYHVLGHZDWHUSURRILQJWHFKQLTXHVDQG(OHFWU ‡ 7KHEDVLFVRISRVWWHQVLRQLQJDQGHYDOXDWLRQRI37EXLOGLQJV ‡ +RZWRGHWHUPLQHWKHFDXVHVDQGHYDOXDWHWKHHIIHFWVRIFRUUR ‡ %ODVWXSJUDGHDQGPLWLJDWLRQV\VWHPV ‡ &RPPRQPLVWDNHVLQVSHFLI\LQJDQGGHWDLOLQJ)53DQGFRQYHQWLR ‡ TOPICS INCLUDE: 2010 ICRI-BWCMEMBERSHIP&SPONSORSHIP urrent BECOME ASPONSOR! ) R ICRI-BWC NEEDSYOURHELP! ,'$< 7 www.spsrepair.com/seminar echno WWW.ICRIBWCHAPTER.ORG , $ PR O ogies ,/ VISIT OURWEBSITEFORMOREINFORMATION!

 4CEU’S/PDHCERTIFICATES I , or Strengthening 

‡

 PHONE:

$0 ‡

Post ²

 800-899-2902 7 ensioning P WUXFWXUHV R2VPRWLF3XOVHWHFKQRORJ\ VLRQRIUHLQIRUFLQJVWHHOLQFRQFUHWH 0 QDOVWUHQJWKHQLQJVROXWLRQV

‡ +,/721

These arejustsomeofthereasonsfor becoming amemberofICRIandthe Baltimore/Washington, DCChapter! ‡ • Discounted Pricing • Discounted • TechnicalSupport • Concrete Repair Bulletinandthe Networking • Peer Recognition • Industry BECOME AMEMBER!

&

Aggregate 0 orrosion C BENEFITS OFMEMBERSHIP /($1

7< ‡

:D S 21 ter S C S roo 2 R 1( I ing

R Register Now! Register ‡

0 is Seating limited. C /($1 , 9$ Preservation these 175-year old structures. Construction of the 185 mile long Chesapeake and Ohio Canal began in 1828 in Georgetown,G District of Columbia, and was intended to reach the Ohio River but was never completed beyondb Cumberland, Maryland. The C&O Canal system included eleven stone aqueducts and one timber trought aqueduct, designed to carry the canal and boats across the major river tributaries that drain into thet along the canal’s route.

Figure 1 - Map of C & O Canal

The C&O Canal depended on the Potomac River for its water supply which was both an advantage and a liliability since the Potomac River is prone to severe fl ooding. The need to keep the level of the canal close toto the level of the Potomac River and to keep the river tributaries navigable required careful attention to elevationse and forced the designers to minimize the depth of the arch structures. The Seneca Creek Aqueduct, designed by C&O Canal chief engineer BenjaminB Wright, was the fi rst aqueduct to be built on the canal. Construction commencedc on November 27, 1828 and was completed in 1832. The aqueducta was a three-equal span segmented circular arch design. Each spans was thirty three feet with a rise of seven feet and eight inches. The westw arch collapsed during a heavy fl ood in 1971 after which the National ParkP Service stabilized the structure by installing temporary steel beams acrossa the missing span[1].

www.ICRIBWChapter.org The Monocacy Aqueduct was the second and largest of the eleven aqueductsa erected along the canal. Also designed by Benjamin Wright it is Figure 2 - The Seneca ofteno described by many historians as one of the fi nest canal features in Aqueduct thet United States. This aqueduct is considered an icon of early American civilc engineering. Its construction was begun in 1829 and was completed four years later in 1833. The aqueducta has six piers, two abutments, and seven, fi fty-four foot arches, each with a rise of nine feet. TheT length of this aqueduct is 438 feet, and the total length of the structure including abutments is 516 feet. [8] The Monocacy Aqueduct is sited at the mouth of the adjacent to the Potomac River. The aqueduct is frequently fl ooded, and is subjected to impact from debris that is washed against the structure ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON on its upstream side. The National Park 4 Service (NPS) had long been concerned about the structural stability of the aqueduct, and following the 1972 Hurricane Agnes fl ood, the Federal Highway Administration designed and installed internal grouted rods in the arch barrel and an external steel and wood banding system to temporarily stabilize the -6- structure. Figure 3 - The Monocacy Aqueduct with steel bracing and fl ood debris continued on page 7 -7- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org Railroad. 1924 caused theabandonmentof canalwhichbythen was ownedbytheBaltimore andOhio(B&O) low-water mark,which would have overtopped allaqueductsin thearea.Damage from During somestorms,such asthegiant parapet andupstreamspandrel wall. trunk”, whichwas subsequentlyrebuiltwithstonein1870. damage 6duringtheCivilWar. Thewall was soon cumulative resultoffreezingandthawingcoupledwith theeffectof travel ontheCanal.Thecauseofcollapse was believed tobethe side oftheaqueductfellintoConococheaqueCreek,brie to unsuccessfullydestroy it.Inthespringof1865,bermorupstream during theCivilWar withbothUnionandConfederate troopsattempting span ConococheaqueCreekaqueduct.Thisaqueductwas alsodamaged remained standingbutarevulnerable tofurtherdeterioration. [9] The remainingeastarch,wingwalls, andeastwestabutments a local The archcontinuedtosaguntilOctober31,1973whenitfellduring 5 hadapronouncedsagasearlythe1940’s andprobablyearlier. with atwenty-foot spanandaten-footrise.Thecenter ellipticalarch possibly foraestheticreasons.Thetwosidearchesweresemicircular were mostlikely utilized toprovide largerhydraulic openingbutalso elliptical archesoutoftwentytwoontheC&OCanal.They rise. Ellipticalarchesarerare amongaqueducts.Thereareonlyfour center archwas ellipticalinformwithafourty-foot spanandten-foot ninety twofeetlongbetweenabutmentsandhadthreearches.The constructed from1832to1834.Thestonemasonryaqueductwas Disastrous The Aqueduct numberthreeislocatedattheCatoctinCreekandwas fi fth aqueducttobebuiltbytheC&OCanalCompany was thethree fl ood andcausedtheconsequentcollapseofwestarch. Figure 7-Wooden Wall Repairs attheConocheagueAqueduct d fl oods andstorms have beenapartofthehistory C&OCanalsinceitsvery inception. d l aqueducts. Ofthe11stone aqueducts,seven nolonger have theberm parapet andspandrelwall was acommonfailurefortheC&Ocanal intact althoughoneissupportedbysteelbracing. Thelossoftheberm into concreteontheprism with awoodsheetwall supportedoncantilevered timberbeamsset underway bytheNPStostabilize thestructure. over thelastseveral years withmany displacedstones.Efforts are then repairedin-kind.[5]Thetowpathparapet wall hasdeteriorated The parapet walls werepartiallydestroyed duringtheCivilWar and Creek. Builtin1834itis140feetlongandhasthreeellipticalarches. a p i i w u o tht T C Figure 6-TheAntietamAqueduct external steelbandingtoberemoved. in 2003/2004whichstabilized theaqueductandenabledobtrusive structures intheUnitedStates.Thisledtoamajorconstructioneffort the MonocacyAqueductasoneofeleven mostendangeredhistoric e s t Figure 4-CompletedstabilizationoftheMonocacyAqueduct Figure 8-TheConococheaqueAqueduct The archesoftheremainingaqueducts,6through 11,aremostly In 1920,thisrebuiltstoneparapet alsocollapsedandwas replaced Aqueduct numberfourislocatedatthemouthofAntietam In June1998,theNationalTrust forHistoricPreservation identi fl ood of1889,thePotomac River crestedat44feet above the fi xed, witha“wooden fl oor, whichonlylasted afewmoreyears. fl y halting y Figure5-TheCatoctin Aqueduct continued onpage8 fl odn in ooding fi ed -8- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org made theconstructionofshallowwatertight archstructuresfeasibleontheC&OCanal.9 Quarry approximately halfway betweentheaqueductandNelson’s quarry. [4] forced todismantlethe east oftheaqueduct.However thisstoneturnedouttobeofsuchpoorqualitythatthe contractor was Monocacy AqueductusedstonefromNelson’s QuarrylocatedatnearbySugarLoafMountain,fourmiles uses limestonecutfromaquarrythreemilesaway. Tomstown Dolomitefromaquarrythreequartersofmiletotheeast;ConococheagueAqueduct by theB&ORailroad fromEllicottMillsQuarrynearBaltimore.TheAntietam Aqueductisconstructedof considerable distancefromtheaqueduct.For example,granitite fortheCatoctinAqueductwas transported pier oftheCatoctinAqueduct. of signi erosion oftherockatinterfacewithfoundationstones.Thisissupportedbyvery fewinstances rock thatwas closetothesurface.Underwater investigations have generally revealed littletomoderate settlement ofthepiersandabutments. expansive forcesfromicebuildup. River togetherwithoftensevere winters andtheassociatedinternal to berobustenoughwithstandfrequent use gravity feedfromthePotomac River. The structureswouldneed major tributariesandyet maintainanelevation forthecanalthatcould structures thatwouldprovide adequateclearances over thePotomac’s numerous otherstructures along theC&O Canal.After completion ofthe canal cement mill builtinthePotomac Valley. Itprovided natural cementtotheMonocacy Aqueductand of natural cements. Botelor’s Mill,located immediatelysouthof Shephardstown,was the They conducted was thereforeimportant fortheearlyC&Oengineersto 1700’s), ontheRoyal CanalExtensioninIreland. water tableandshort spanheavy structures,suchasthe for waterproo Other earliercanalsreliedonathickclay layer betweentheprism The discovery anduseofnatural cement,alsoknownas“hydraulic cement”, thatsetsunderwater The qualityoflocalstonewas oftenamatterofdispute.Theinitialconstructionthepiersfor Stone formostoftheaqueductswas obtained locallybutinsomeinstancesstonewas obtaineda Soil boringshave indicatedthatthepiersandabutmentswereusuallyfoundedonrelatively solid The foundationsneededtowithstandscouringforcesfromtheriver and berigidenoughtoprevent The designersoftheC&OCanalaqueductsfacedchallengesbuildingdurable, watertight Construction/Technology Natural cement ismadefromnaturally occurringlimestonewithappropriate argillaceousproperties.It Figure 9-McMullan&Associates’Engineercheckingiceonarch Figure 10-Greaterheightsofspandrelwalls attheAqueductover theRiver Inny, Ireland fi cant settlementproblems.Theonlyknownsigni fi ng. Thisresultedinagreaterheightof spandrel wall betweenthetopofarch and the fi eld testingoflocal limestone depositstoidentify goodcandidates fortheproduction fi rst threepiersandrebuildthemusingaharderquartzitestonefromJohnson’s sof fi t oftheMonocacyAqueduct fl ooding fromthePotomac fi fi cant foundationproblemoccurredatthewest nd suitablelimestone onthePotomac Valley. fi ve spanaqueduct, over theRiver Inny (ca fl oor andthe topofthearchbarrel continued onpage9 fi rt natural rst -9- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org The aqueduct prisms constantly leaked. Onthe C &OCanal several different methods ofwaterproo of thetowpath walls toprotecttheboats. wooden muleguiderail installed onthecanalside.Timberrubrails werealsoinstalled ontheinsideface cantilevered sixtoteninches over thespandrelwall. inch thickcopingstones,usuallysixfeetbythree feet,that the parapet walls. Thiswas thencovered bylargetwelve the waterway. Thesamemortaredstone another sixtoseven feet to provide parapets thatcontained mortared stone stones ofthetowpathandbermparapets werestartedonthe stone was setinthespandrelwalls. The interiorwall face height ofthebottomprism,adecorative water table voids orholesleftinthe mortared joints.Afterasectionwas laidfortheday, hydraulic cementgroutwas pouredintoany small stones roughlyfourfeetdeeptyingthespandreltostone pattern. Spandrelstonesweretwelve inchestoeighteen inches indepthwitharegularpatternofheader This was appliedeven to thesmallercirculararchesonCatoctinAqueduct. Voussiers varied inheightwiththemaximumatspringlineandtapering toaminimumatthecrown. Catoctin Aqueducttheringstoneshave amarginaroundthefoursidesandraised rockface of thestructure. Aqueduct. stone triangular volume betweentheadjacentarcheswas the piersstoppedatintersectionofextrados ofthearches.The fi faced withsolidcutstonetothespringline.Above thespringline, cofferdams, thepiersandabutmentswerebroughtupinroughcutstone [3] of natural cementneeded.TheRound Top CementMillwestofHancock,Marylandwas oneofthelargest. this industrycontinued.Eleven cementmillswereeventually constructedtoproducethelargequantities Figure 12-TheAqueductRise/SpanRatios nish oftheexteriorstoneswas ahigherquality. Thesolidcutstonein Although the buildersmadeevery effort toensureawater tightstructure,itwas avery dif A decorative wroughtironrailing was installedonthetowpath parapet alongtheriver side anda Once thestone The stone After thearchbarrelwas laidthespandrelwalls wereconstructedonthevoussiers inarepetitive ashlar A lotofattentionwas paidtothedetailingofringstones(voussiers) andthekeystones. At the The archgeometrywas formedinwoodplanking ontimbercenteringthatwas removed upon completion Once thefoundationstoneshadbeenlaid,mostlikely insidetimber fi ll 10ascanbeseenintheexposedpieratConococheague Figure 13-Crosssection oftheMonocacyAqueduct fi ll oftenreferredtoas“rubble fi ll and eachofthefourwalls was carriedup fi ll andthespandrelwalls hadreachedthe fi ll. Figure 11-Interiormortaredstone fi at theConococheaqueAqueduct ll was usedbetween fi ll” was actuallycarefullylaiduplargeandsmallstoneswith employed. Antietam andtheCatoctinAqueducts,ellipticalarcheswere for highwater conditions.Inafewlocations,namelyatthe materials, longerspans,andsuf respectively. Thisshapeprovided amoreef for theTonoloway AqueductandtheMonocacy C&O Canalwithrisetospanratios varying from1:4to1:6 segmental circulararchwas very commonlyusedonthe short spanswithnumerousandexpensive piers.The shape ofthearchesused.However, thisformresultsin C&O Canal,witharisetospanratio of1:2isthestrongest The semicirculararchthatoccursinafewlocationsonthe fi lled withmortared fi ll. fi ll fi cient hydraulic openings continued on page 10 fi cient useof fi cult task. cult fi nish. fi ng -10- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org This endsPartOne.LookforTwointhe3rdQuarterAggregate! differential lateral movements ofthecopingstones. diamond shapedironpinsbetweenthecopingstoneswereusedtolimit the copingstonestotietogether. At theMonocacyAqueduct,inadditiontoironcramps, or deteriorated foundationsasoccurredatPier#6theMonocacyAqueduct. section ofthebermandpouringconcreteintoopencrack. Concretewas alsousedtorepairvoids parapet attheMonocacyAqueductthatappearstohave been the MonocacyAqueduct,asectionofbermparapet was rebuiltwithconcrete. the prismrevealed alayer atthe ofthis‘resincement’ resin andtar, andmusthave beenappliedhotastherewerecostsforthekettles noted.[10]Test pitsin hundred andtwentyfourbarrelsofthiscementwereusedinthereconstruction.Thisproductcontained Fisk in1838decidedtouseanewproduct“American patentedbyThomasC.Coyle. Nine Cement” elevation suggestingthatwoodplankingwas alsousedhereasawaterproof barrier. there isatwoinchdeepandonewideslotontheinsidefaceofparapet walls attheprism historic documentsstronglysuggeststhattwoinchwoodplankingwas used.At theCatoctinAqueduct, and provide anadditionallayer ofprotection.[6]OntheMonocacyAqueduct,photographic andother edge onabedofmortaroneinchdeep. Cement groutwas thenpouredover thebricksto were tried.At theConococheagueAqueduct, theprism Historical Park,1976 Chesapeake andOhioCanalNational [10].Unrau, HarlanD. Historical Park, Aqueduct, ChesapeakeandOhio CanalNational [9].Unrau, HarlanD. National ParkService. [8].Of National HistoricalPark1961 Aqueduct [7].Luzader, JohnF. Aqueduct Chesapeake&OhioCanal, [6].Luzader, JohnF. Historical Park, Aqueduc, ChesapeakeandOhioCanalNational [5].Luzader, JohnF. Press, 2005 Aqueduct ontheChesapeake&OhioCanal, [4].Kapsch, RobertJ.Phd;Kapsch,ElizabethPerry. Number 1–1994 Technology &Industrial Archaedogy MonographSeries Vol. 2 Potomac River [3].Hahn, Thomas, F.; Kemp,EmoryL. Center, 1988. the American Canaland Transportation F.[2].Hahn, Thomas Chesapeake andOhioCanalNationalHistoricalPark,1979 (Riley’s Lock) Report SenecaCreek Aqueduct andLock24 E. [1].Fields, Thomas References: To limitdisplacementofthecopingstones, ironcramps wereinsertedintorecessesinthesurfacesof Concrete was alsousedto In somelocations,deteriorated stonemasonrywas replacedwithPortland-Cement basedconcrete.At After acollapseoftheCatoctinAqueductbermparapet, andduringtherebuildingeffort,ChiefEngineer fi cial NationalPark Handbook, , ChesapeakeandOhioCanal, , Institute fortheHistoryof 1976 1964. Historic Structures Report,TheConococheague Historic Structures ReportConococheaque Historic Structures Report,The Antietam . Tow PathGuidetotheC&OCanal, Historic Structures Report,The Catoctin Historic Structures Historic Structure ReporttheCatoctin Aqueduct Chesapeake andOhioCanal 1963 fi Cement Mill’s Along the ll voids andcracks. Therewas onecrack inthearchbarrelunderberm Medley Figure 14Ironcramps betweencoping Monocacy stones attheMonocacyAqueduct published by by fl oor was overlaid withhardburntbricklaidonone fl oor level. oor pcait nCnrt aor Restoration Masonry & Concrete in Specialists JESSUP, MARYLAND Concrete Repair-MasonryLintel&FlashingReplacement 7175 MontevideoRoad Caulking •Waterproofing•CorrosionInhibitor Phone: 410-799-0900 Fax: 410-799-7453 Decorative Coatings•PostTensionRepairs alig•Wtrroig•CroinInhibitor •Corrosion Waterproofing • Caulking DecorativeFacade&DeckCoatings-RailingReplacement Tuck-pointing -CarbonFiberReinforcingWaterproofing osYu Garage Your Does eoaieCaig otTninRepairs Tension Post • Coatings Decorative Sealers andCorrosionInhibitors-PostTensionRepairs Specialists inConcrete&Masonry Restoration fi lled fromabove, probablybyremoving a edRepair? Need Concrete DeckRestoration oceeDc Restoration Deck Concrete website: 757-566-4449 Fax • 757-566-4441 Phone: Rd. Park Industrial Hankins B7 8018 VIRGINIA TOANO, 410-799-7453 Fax: • 410-799-0900 Phone: Road Montevideo 7175 MARYLAND JESSUP, -al [email protected] e-mail: www.ewrcompanies.com 8018 B7HankinsIndustrialParkRd. TOANO, VIRGINIA Phone: 757-566-4441 Fax 757-566-4449 fi ll any gaps fl oor -11- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org O Eastern Waterproo Senior ProjectManager Patrick McBreen Products withinnovative thinking.We lookforward workingtogetheronfutureprojects. National Park Servicethroughoutthisprojectwas exceptional aswellthehelp fromUSConcrete As theprojectcametoaconclusioninearly2009workingrelationshipEW&Renjoyed with the form thatwewouldspottesttoensurethe same was compoundedbytemperature included timingoftheremoving retarderstoexposetheaggregates.This certain colorstonethatwouldmake orbreakasample.Otherchallenges There wereseveral mixdesignsthatcalledforsuchsmallquantitiesof were locatedasfarOhiowellsomehelpfromlocalquarries. the localquarriesalmostacenturyago. Similaraggregatesamples Our biggestchallengebyfarwas showing mixdesignsalongwithin consistent colormatching.USConcreteProductsassistedusinproviding detailedproductdatasheets as wellalways having thefreshmix.InitiallyNPShadconcernsregardingqualitycontroland mix thatwouldonlyrequiretheadditionofaggregates.Thisenabledcrewtoworkatasteadypace Products andcameupwithacustomsand/cementdye pre-bagged To helpstreamlinethisprocessEW&Rcollaborated withUSConcrete and speci for multiplemixdesignswithselectaggregates,specialized cements, with othervarious shapesthroughoutthepark.NPSspeci recasting ofexposedaggregatebeamssupportingthelodgeroofalong trowel withintricatetooling.Includedinourscopeofworkwas the replacement withvarious

Meridian Hill bi ggg fi nish. We overcame thisbypouringasmallareainboxed ese fi c dyes wereusedtomatchtheexistingascloselypossible. t ch al le ngn fi spring 2007involving largeareasofslabongrade Eastern Waterproo ng &RestorationCo.Inc. e b f fi a nishes includingexposedaggregateandsteel as making. as wematchedandcompletedeachscopeitembeganto year oldweatheredexposedaggregatewas abittryingat the drawing board.Thelevel ofdetailexpectedourcrewinmatching90 could proceedwiththatparticularworkscope,ifrejecteditmeantbackto cured onsiteandreviewedbytheNPSafterseven days. Ifpassedwe and approved priortostarting.Extensive samplesneededformulated,cast As withany projecttherearefrustrating momentsgettingsamples m a y t c c a a A fi nding matchingaggregatepulledfrom fl fi uctuation fromareatowiththe eld representationtoquelltheirreservations ofusingabaggedmix. fi nished tomatcheachspeci fi ng &Restoration’s beganworkin fi nish was precise. fi cations called fi ed areaofrepair. Sampleswouldbe h i t E W& R k t j fi rst. However, rst. t d fi n that nd d i th t h -12- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org HolidayInn,CollegePark,MD ICRI-BWC2010AwardsBanquet ICRI-BWCAnnualGolfTournament HolidayInn,CollegePark,MD Nov. 4 ICRI-BWCMembershipMeeting Oct. 7 ICRI-BWCMembershipMeeting Snyders, Sept. 16 Baltimore, May 6 MD ICRI NATIONAL COMMITTEE Upcoming ChapterEvents ICRI FELLOWS OUR “FRIENDSINHIGHPLACES” CHAIRMEN Glendale CountryClub Scott Greenhaus Scott Greenhaus Michael Tabassi Michael Tabassi Patrick Winkler Peter Emmons Peter Emmons Rob Pushneck David Rodler Rob Pusheck Rick Edelson Steve Royer Tom Ouska Don Ford NATIONAL BOARD OFDIRECTOR PAST NATIONAL PRESIDENTS Houston,TX TheWestinGalleria,Houston Theme:TBD Pittsburgh,PA OmniWilliamPennHotel Mar. 15-18,2011ICRISpringConvention Oct. 20-22,2010ICRIFallConvention MEMBERS ANDOFFICERS Upcoming NationalEvents 2005 Rob Pusheck 2000 RickEdelson 1995 Peter Emmons 1992 Steve Royer Michael Tabassi Dan Anagnos David Rodler Expanded3-DayEvent! Don Ford Theme: “TransportationStructures” -13- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org gmail.com for afuturepublicationcontactmeatd.p.caple@ following thesefewtips. help avoid injuriesintheevent ofevacuation by a safetyconsultant,ormanagement.You can look forassistancefromthesafetydepartment, their employees. have Ifyour a plan, jobdoesn’t the emergencyactionplanforjobsitewith Conclusion: inside whenthebuildingisorcouldbeoccupied. in amannerthatrestrictsfreeescapefromthe exit forstorage andnever lockorfastena properly repairedorreplaced.Never usea to betaken tomarktheexituntilsigncanbe demolition appropriatetemporary measuresneed the conduittoexitsignisdamagedduring repair locationfallsinlinewithanexitsignor kept clearofdebrisorothertriphazards.Ifa the properrouteforegress.Theseislesmustbe product isaneasyandeffective way todesignate jungle ofshoringwith“cautiontape”orsimilar work area.Markingtheclearpaththrough employee mustexitthebuildingthrough can beconfusinginanemergencywhen Simple Solutions: you avoid costly most recently. Hereareafewtipsthatcouldhelp an itemthatOSHAhasbeencitingfrequently, talks withotherlocalsafetyprofessionalsthisis shall bemarked byreadilyvisiblesigns.In recent all partsofanoccupiedbuilding.Inaddition,exits and maintainfreeunobstructedegressfrom states initsrulesthatacontractor shallprovide situations wherethishazardmay arise.OHSA the formwork tonameafew. Whenwalking ajobsite equipment, materials,anduseofshoring A fewthingstoconsider: complicated. that make enteringandexitingthejobsite By DavidCaple restoration andsafety. a combination ofstructural over 15years experiencein Safety Network, LLC.Hehas Principal MemberofPinnacle Health Specialist,is the a ConstructionSafety and David Caple,COHC, CEAS, For moreinformationortorecommendatopic Field managersshouldbeencouraged toreview For example,jobsiteswithtightshoringdesigns Complications canincludestorage ofdebris, Many restoration projectsinvolve conditions fi eld managersshouldassessthesitefor Providing aClearEgress SAFETY COLUMN fi nes, penaltiesandlosses. fi re exit fi re or 703-847-6300. can bereachedat For furtherquestions,Jennifer of payment, ifyou areasubcontractor orsupplier. or suppliers,ifyou arethecontractor, oryour receipt obligations tomake payment toyour subcontractors and understandthetermswhichgovern eitheryour always itisimportanttoreadyour contract carefully obligations toitssubcontractors and suppliers.As not operate torelieve thecontractor ofitspayment fi defective work backcharges),andnottheOwner’s is duetothecontractor’s performancefailures(i.e., examined. For example, iftheOwner’s nonpayment failure tomake payment tothecontractor mustbe supplier. ThecircumstancessurroundingtheOwner’s the payment claimofalower-tiered subcontractor or A Pay-if-Paid clauseisnotanautomaticdefenseto Waterproo the owner.” SeeGilbaneBuildingCompany v. Brisk receiving contract payments, includingretainerfrom a conditionprecedent,upontheconstructionmanager the payment tothetrade contractor isdependent,as reads: “Itisspeci Pay-if Paid clauseenforcedbytheMarylandcourts tiered subcontractor orsupplier. Oneexampleofa the creditriskofOwner’s insolvency tothelower- in expressingthecontracting parties’intenttoshift clause’s contract languageisclearandunequivocal Virginia, andtheDistrictofColumbiaprovided the Pay-if-Paid clausesareenforceableinMaryland, be paidiftheOwnerdoesnotpay thecontractor). to thesubcontractor (i.e., thesubcontractor willnot precedent tothecontractor’s payment obligations Receipt ofpayment fromtheOwnerisacondition the contractor receives payment fromtheOwner. payment tothesubcontractor orsupplieruntil clause doesnotrequirethecontractor tomake tiered subcontractor orsupplier, thePay-if-Paid subcontract betweenthecontractor andalower- subcontractors andsuppliers.Whenincludedina to theOwner’s used toshifttheriskofOwnernon-payment due The Pay-if-Paid clauseisacontract mechanism from thecontractor. subcontractors andsupplierswhoexpectpayment Owner comparedtothecontractor’s lower-tiered on thecontractor whocontracts directlywiththe perspective, thisriskordinarilyweighsheaviest Project istheOwner’s abilitytopay. Fromacontract In today’s economy, oneofthegreatestrisksona By JenniferA.Mahar,Esquire [email protected] Contract MechanismforShifting nancial insolvency, thenthePay-if-Paid clause will LEGAL COLUMN fi Non-Payment Risks Pay-if-Paid Clause: ng Company, Inc., 86Md.App. 21(1991). fi nancial insolvency tolower-tiered fi cally understood andagreedthat

-14- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org materials arealsoacceptedtohelpbuildtheHabitat homes. Habitat homeowners,tobuildthehouse. Inadditiontovolunteer labor, donationsofmoneyand homelessness. Thisisaccomplishedthroughthe effortsofvolunteers, workingalongsideoftheprospective ministry thatseekstoeliminatepoverty and Habitat forHumanityisanonpro April 1,2010 Garrett CountyHabitatforHumanity the respective programs toachieve theirNCCERcerti School Boardtocompletetherenovations ofthevarious constructiontrade classroomsandlabstoenable Lastly theAdvisoryBoardcontinuestoworkwithbothadministration atCarver andtheBaltimoreCity of theschool’s snackstandandoutsidestorage shedattheathletic related projectstobuildunityandtrade skills.We project;therepair/renovation are planninga“major” at Carver. Theyareformingteamsofstudents, administrators andfacultytoworkonpunch-list The AdoptaHallway program continuestoprogressunderthedirectionofSkillsUSA studentsenrolled to 60minutesandcanbegiven toany andallofthetrade classes. dates baseduponavailability fromnowuntiltheendofschoolyear. Presentationscanrange from30 or training thatwillavail themopportunitiesinthefuture.Volunteers/speakers cansettheirtimeand trades andopportunitiesthatmay beavailable to themupongraduation orpathsofadditionaleducation Speakers areneededtohelp assistthestudentsatCarver tobecomemoreaware oftheconstruction to speaktheConstructionTrade ClassesintheirCareerAwareness andExploration Speaker Series. Additionally, theCarver’s Administration inconjunctionwiththeAdvisoryBoardislookingfor volunteers Pat O’Malleyformoredetails. and businessprofessionalstomake theday asuccessforthestudents.Anybody interestedcancontact and anevaluation ofthestudent.Theprogram isreachingouttoCarver alumni,communitymembers objective istoprovide thestudentswithmockinterviews,assessmentoftheirstrengthsandweaknesses the programs. ASeniorExitInterviewClinicisbeing heldonFriday, April23 the AdvisoryBoardisfullysupportingandlookingforadditionalvolunteers toparticipateandenhance The facultyandadministration ofCarver have set-up twoprograms fortheSpringtheirstudentsthat will beabletoreceive theircerti weather thatdelayed thestartoftraining, allparticipants hour training inthesummerof2008.Inspitebad after theAdvisoryBoardhadABCprovide freeOSHAten- (2) teachersthataretakingtheclassesastheyjoinedCarver of theConstructionTrade Classes.Inadditiontherearetwo that areintheCarpentry, MasonryandElectricaldisciplines provide OSHAten(10)hourtraining forallseniorstudents of CharlesBrienza,SafetyDirectorConcreteProtectionto Chapter members.First,wehave volunteered theservices looking forgreaterindustry-wide participationfromICRI-BW Carver Vo-Tech AdvisoryBoardisspear-heading aswell There areanumberofprograms andinitiatives thatthe April 1,2010 Carver Vocational Technical HighSchool INDUSTRY OUTREACH fi cates beforetheendofschoolyear. fi t Christian t, 4 T w T S T local HabitatforHumanity Chaptertherewithrebuildingahome. l ICRI-BWI Chapter will betravelling toMcHenry, MD toassistthe County HabitatforHumanityOrganization. Members fromthe C Once again,theICRI-BWO ChapterplanstoassisttheGarrett 410-298-2669 formoreinformation. Those interested inparticipatingshould contactPatrick O’Malley at work together foraworthy cause. This willbeagreatopportunity forICRI-BW Chaptermembers to Saturday, July17th. The outingiscurrently scheduledfromThursday, July15ththru

fi cation. fi eld. rd from8:15to2:30PM.The

-15- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org technical presentation,therewas ampleopportunitytoaskquestionsrelatedspeci Cables. Monitoring andRepair Techniques ofPost-Tensioning Tendons, Multi-Strand, Mono-Strand andStay attendees, 83fromICRI-BWC and30fromACI. The topicatthedinnermeetingwas Inspection, great success. for February 11 Attendees gatherforsocialhourandadrink Our guestspeakers wereAndrewMicklus&DominiqueDeschampsofFreyssinet.Following the The event, heldattheHoliday InninCollegePark, Maryland,was soldout!We hadover 113 It istrueallgoodthingscometothosewhowait. ThejointICRI-BWC/ACI dinnermeetingscheduled Tom Ouska,Cindy Nunn,RickEdelson d prior tothedinnermeeting h th 2010was canceledduetotheblizzard.The re-scheduledmeetingturnedouttobea enjoying dinner f March 4thMeetingWrap-Up ICRI-BWC Survives Snowmageddon l h d d k ICRI-BWC SecretaryPat O’Malley hasa laugh withformerBoard MemberBrent Tom OuskaandMattNachmanpresent Andrew MicklusandCarlaRamo of plaque tothePresenters, Freyssinet Stephens fi c projects. -16- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org [email protected] 301-470-4700 C ALindman Jay Whitton TREASURER [email protected] 410-298-2669 Concrete Protection&Restoration, Inc. Pat O’Malley SECRETARY [email protected] 410-740-2233 Engineering Technical Consultants Chris Carlson VICE PRESIDENT [email protected] 301-587-1820 Tadjer-Cohen-Edelson Associates,Inc. Matt Nachman PRESIDENT 2010 BOARDOFDIRECTORS DURAL - EUCO- TAMMS - INCRETE- HEY’DI Company an Providing Construction Products to [email protected] the Nation’s CapitalsinceJFK. Mike Stewart &VDMJE$IFNJDBM [email protected] 301-881-1441 Smislova, Kehnemui &Associates Cindy Snow [email protected] 703-263-0730 Kenseal ConstructionProductsCorp. Brian Greene [email protected] 703-917-0055 Construction Systems Group Eric Rigsbee [email protected] 301-209-9320 Ev-Air TightShoemaker, Inc. Larry Genovere Board Members [email protected] 703-670-5300 Construction SpecialtiesGroup Neil Savitch PAST PRESIDENT .JE"UMBOUJD 301-261-9600 American 100% Made 410-796-5000 301-881-1441 Marty Fisher [email protected] 410-418-4527 Neogard Corporation Dan Anagnos [email protected] Structural Preservation Systems Mike Miller [email protected] Metro Sealant&Waterproo Mike Prizzi [email protected] Smislova, Kehnemui &Associates Oscar Valenzuela [email protected] 410-796-5000 Preservation &ProtectionSystems, Inc. 410-789-7400 fi ng Supply ng

-17- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org 2010 BUSINESSCARDSERVICEDIRECTORY -18- ICRI BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC CHAPTER www.ICRIBWChapter.org 2010 BUSINESSCARDSERVICEDIRECTORY