HISTORICAL NOMINATION of the Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments 1740 Upas Street ~ North Park Neighborhood San Diego, California

Ronald V. May, RPA Kiley Wallace Legacy 106, Inc. P.O. Box 15967 San Diego, CA 92175 (619) 269-3924 www.legacy106.com June 2016

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HISTORIC HOUSE RESEARCH Ronald V. May, RPA, President and Principal Investigator Kiley Wallace, Vice President and Architectural Historian P.O. Box 15967 • San Diego, CA 92175 Phone: (858) 459-0326 / (760) 704-7373 • http://www.legacy106.com

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State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # ______DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ______PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial ______NRHP Status Code 3S Other Listings ______Review Code _____ Reviewer ______Date ______

Page 3 of 69 *Resource Name or #: The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments

P1. Other Identifier: 1740 Upas Street, San Diego, CA 92103 *P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Diego and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Point Loma Date: 2015 USGS topographical T ; R ; ¼ of ¼ of Sec ; M.D. B.M. *c. Address: 1740 Upas Street City: San Diego Zip: 92103 d. UTM: Zone: 11 ; 490055 mE/ 3625264 mN (G.P.S.) *e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc.) Elevation: 223 feet Legal Description: East 65 feet of Lots 13 to 18 inclusive, Block 246 of University Heights, 1740 Upas Street. It is Tax Assessor’s Parcel # 452-482-16-01.

*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) The resource is a three-story Modern style multifamily residential complex designed by innovative Master Architects Lloyd Ruocco and Homer Delawie. The 1959 Modernist Post and Beam "garden apartment" residential complex front façade faces south directly onto Balboa Park with individual units featuring an expansive open view overlooking the Park or interior courtyard. The two attached structures have 24 units and was originally built as the Park Garden Apartments but has now been converted to condominium units now known as Upas Park. The multifamily complex structures were custom designed in 1959 by two recognized Master Architects, Lloyd Ruocco FAIA and Homer Delawie FAIA, during their brief partnership which lasted only a few years from 1958- 1961, before Delawie opened his own office in 1961 (which still exits to this day). The unique Modern Post and Beam resource exemplifies this brief partnership combining two of the most significant Modernist architects in San Diego. The rectangular multi-unit complex is an outstanding example of a mid-century custom designed modern "garden apartment" with lower level parking / open car port. The building has a flat roof and utilizes post and beam construction with alternating blocks of open balconies that cantilever and extend out with open balcony spaces recessed into the rectangular façade. The units are grouped facing the park and around an internal central open courtyard area with large glass sliding doors and windows blending indoor and outdoor spaces. The building's setting is near the southwest corner of the North Park community near the Hillcrest neighborhood in San Diego. (See Continuation Sheet.) *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP 3 - Multi Family *P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District

*P5b. Description of Photo: View of south elevation. Photo by Dan Soderberg, October 2015. *P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both The Residential Building Record date of construction shows the building was built December 27, 1959. The Water permit is dated October 1, 1959. The Sewer permit is dated December 28, 1959. Original architectural plans and rendering, 1959. The notice of completion is dated July 15, 1960.

*P7. Owner and Address: Upas Park HOA 1740 Upas St., San Diego, CA 92103 *P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Ronald V. May, RPA and Kiley Wallace, Legacy 106, Inc., P.O. Box 15967, San Diego, CA 92175 *P9. Date Recorded: June 2016 *P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive *P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter "none.") Historical Nomination of The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments, San Diego, California for the City of San Diego, Historical Resources Board, by Ronald V. May, RPA and Kiley Wallace, Legacy 106, Inc., June 2016. Legacy 106, Inc. is indebted to Alexandra Wallace and Dan Soderberg for assistance with the preparation of this report. *Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other (List): DPR 523A *Required Information 4 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#

CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial Page 4 of 69 *Resource Name or #: The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments

*Recorded by: Ronald V. May, RPA and Kiley Wallace *Date: June 2016 Continuation Update

*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) (Continued):

Modernist Post and Beam Architecture. The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Gardens displays Modernist Post and Beam design style with its direct expression of the structural system showing the weight and mass of the upper two levels of the building suspended over the lower floor open entryway and open carport style auto storage area. The building also displays international influences and has an absence of applied decoration in keeping with its modernist style. Its use of industrial materials such as corrugated steel also shows the international influences. On the first floor, simple slender beams and side facing walls carry the weight of the upper levels, allowing the large rectangular mass to appear to levitate or float over the open space below. The structure has a flat roof with wide horizontal massing and repetitive facade geometry with alternating large windows and recessed open balconies. The apartment house was custom designed in 1959 by the architectural design team of Master Architect Lloyd Ruocco FAIA and Master Architect Homer Delawie FAIA. This is an outstanding example of a Mid-Century architect designed modernist so-called garden apartment. The building has a flat roof and a compound rectangular form. The horizontal design and massing contain almost no eave overhangs throughout. The style of the building is the Modernist sub-type of Post and Beam, named after the method of construction. The Post and Beam and International Modern substyles are mentioned and described in the San Diego Modernism Context.

These garden apartment buildings have the character defining features indicative of the Modern Post and Beam Modern style. The structures have a rectilinear plan and form with a grid like site design and layout. The flat roof and interior upper and lower level colonnades are supported by extending steel structural beams seen on the upper two levels on the front building with living space supported by simple square concrete columns and side facing walls are seen in the open automobile parking area flanking the central landscaped entryway area.

International Modernist Architectural influences. The horizontal design, window bands, simplified cubic massing and unadorned stucco surface displays the building's International Modern influences. While the San Diego Modernism Context describes asymmetry as a primary character defining feature of the style, many second generation International Modernist architects utilized symmetrical façade designs as seen on the subject resource. Other prominent examples of symmetrical International Modernism include the Bi-Nuclear House by Marcel Breuer and San Diego's own case study Triad houses built in La Jolla by architect Edward Killingsworth. All of these are examples of International Modernist designs with symmetrical façades.

Also, the structure is raised up on thin columns and side facing structural walls with thin vertical profiles and living levels elevated one story above the ground level on a floating podium, providing for more privacy and a better view of Balboa Park and allowing for vehicle and human movements beneath, this is a principled International modernist design approach commonly used by French Master Architect Le Corbusier on his internationally famous Villa Savoy and others. The generous and integrated landscape give the buildings a cubist so called "sculpture in a garden" look that was also favored my international modern architects such as Le Corbusier and Mies Van de Rohe.

Some of the most significant architecturally defining elements of this Mid Century Modern garden apartment are set back internal within the building complex itself. The inset central front entryway hints at the interior blending of indoor and outdoor courtyard spaces, which is framed with high palms and landscaping. The entryway has two long free standing walls revealing a deeply recessed mesh gate entryway with geometric masonry wall and integrated landscape planting drawing your eye into the natural light of the interior open courtyard. This interior entryway is difficult to capture on film, but is highlighted by natural light from the courtyard in the day and Mid Century style so-called "Malibu" up

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Page 5 of 69 *Resource Name or #: The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments

*Recorded by: Ronald V. May, RPA and Kiley Wallace *Date: June 2016 Continuation Update

*P3a. Description (continued):

lighting along the geometrical design masonry wall at night. Though somewhat visible through the front trees and entry gate, the structure reveals itself more as you enter along the entry walkway and go into the interior courtyard spaces.

The Park Garden Apartments were custom designed by Master Architect Homer Delawie FAIA and Master Architect Lloyd Ruocco FAIA. These two architects are likely the most significant San Diego Mid Century Modern architects of the post-World War II era. For a short time in the late 1950's, these two master architects were business partners in the design firm Ruocco & Delawie Architects. This garden apartment site overlooking Balboa Park represents the collaborative work of these two significant and renowned Mid Century architects which are each separately recognized San Diego master architects. The building also reflects and exemplifies a rare example of this important collaboration between these two inventive and imaginative master architects.

Horizontal bands of metal windows and glass doors, along with cantilevered balconies which utilize the industrial corrugated steel railings and alternating smooth stucco, create a strong horizontal emphasis. Large windows and floor to ceiling glass doors blend the indoor and outdoor spaces and are other hallmarks of the Modern Post and Beam style. The building is well sited and designed for its sloping terrain and to maximize views while maintaining privacy to the individual housing units.

The complex overall shows a lack of applied ornamentation typical of the Modernist Post and Beam style, however, the multifamily design shows a restrained understated modernist front façade, while its true artistry and elegance is revealed in its more dramatic inward facing design. This design features integrated courtyard landscaping and multilevel structural steel supports which extend outside of the building and over the covered walkways. The multifamily complex is positioned on a large sloping lot and takes advantage of this topography by positioning the open parking at the front where the level is partially underground, creating an inset central landscaped entryway. The prominence of the covered open breezeway carport parking shows the growing importance of the automobile, as seen in this lower level entry with automobile circulation integrated with the central pedestrian connections to the front sidewalk outside which opens onto Balboa Park, directly across the street. The presence of the automobile made a lasting and permanent effect on American architecture and this was especially pronounced and manifested in the Mid Century era where architects were experimenting with new ways to incorporate automobile circulation into modern building designs. Hence, the parking as prominent feature of the front façade is characteristic of the expanding suburbanization of the 1950s era, and of the automobile’s increasing importance in residential and multifamily design and the daily life of Americans.

Garden Apartment Concept and Typology. Like the American bungalow house and bungalow court apartments of California, the garden apartment is generally described as a type of multifamily development that can be seen in a number of different post-World War II architectural styles rather than a separate individual architectural style. The garden apartment concept is a product of the booming post World War II mid century area, but many of the guiding principles behind their development date back to the earlier Garden City Movement of Urban Design, which had a utopian vision for multifamily development that blended indoor and shared outdoor spaces and sought layouts that encouraged community and cooperation. Garden apartments were often built as a complex of two- and three-story buildings arranged around common shared patios and landscaped areas that blend outdoor landscaping with modernist architectural designs.

Due to its location at the epicenter of the post war building boom and its location at the heart of the post war aeronautical industry, Southern California has one of the largest collections of these multifamily garden apartment complexes. The mid century complexes were built near downtown centers, but were

6 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# designed to bring good, thoughtful modern design and quality shared outdoor spaces to middle income CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial

Page 6 of 69 *Resource Name or #: The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments

*Recorded by: Ronald V. May, RPA and Kiley Wallace *Date: June 2016 Continuation Update

*P3a. Description (continued):

working families.

Buildings display simple modern and minimalist designs but are often staggered to maximize airflow and natural light while maintaining individual units privacy. Building entrances open onto central shared open social spaces that include patios or landscaped areas rather than onto city streets. Shared landscaped spaces and patios were made to be lived in by families creating a communal small village environment, not just to be viewed from afar. Parking is usually hidden behind or below as in the subject resource, which is positioned on a hillside. Modernist Master Architects Rudolph Schindler, Richard Neutra and others designed simple affordable multifamily residential spaces for working families utilizing this planning and development concept. Many also feature individual balcony and patio areas as seen on the subject resource. This complex stands out further having been designed by two of the most significant modern architects in San Diego. Master Architects Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco succeeded in the collaborative design, utilizing the garden apartment concept, overlooking San Diego's largest outdoor park space, Balboa Park. This is a relatively small scaled example due to its central infill developed location on Balboa Park's northern edge.

The garden apartment concept's relatively low density and utilization of open landscaped areas has unfortunately also made the mid century complexes increasingly rare as many have desirable locations and have been redeveloped or demolished to build more dense high rise style condos and developments around California.

Although Los Angeles generally had much larger examples due to the availability of larger suburban building lots, some comparisons can be made to Los Angeles examples, since few San Diego examples of the concept or type have been thoroughly researched or historically designated. The Lincoln Place Garden Apartments in Los Angeles, also built in the 1950's, was determined eligible for the California Historic Register in 2005, and was also added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2015. The 1942 Baldwin Hills Village / Village Green in Baldwin Hills, California were also converted into condominiums and represent an early historically designated example of the Garden Apartment concept. Baldwin Hills Village was said to have created "an oasis of pedestrian calm" and is also listed on the national and state historic registers. The Los Angeles Conservancy launched the Los Angeles Garden Apartment Network in 2011 to bring attention to these southern California historic assets which are a product of a specific time and place in our history which are increasingly threatened by large scale development.

Garden Apartment Designs such as this one, prioritized nature and community in an urban environment. Architectural Historian and USC architecture professor Katie Hovak describes garden apartments as, "This expression of humanness and the extraordinary care taken by their designers to create healthy safe and beautiful places to live still resonates some seventy years later." The Los Angeles Conservancy Advocacy Director, Adrian Fine, relates, "It's a design that fosters community in a way that a lot of apartment developments before and since haven't done."

South (Front) Elevation. The structure is topped by a flat roof with minimal overhang and no molding and windows that extends up to just below the roof edge.

The recourse's front façade is dominated by elevated units of identical second and third story living spaces with repeating rectangular balconies. These balconies have industrial corrugated metal solid railings which project forward from the main building form. The individual front facing units consist of a forward facing cantilevered balcony with large floor to ceiling glass sliding doors, set directly beside double metal windows which are positioned above horizontal bands of stucco. The alternating paired

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Trinomial CONTINUATION SHEET Page 7 of 69 *Resource Name or #: The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments

*Recorded by: Ronald V. May, RPA and Kiley Wallace *Date: June 2016 Continuation Update

*P3a. Description (continued): window and balcony design creates a rhythm along the upper two levels with four central projecting balconies flanked by four double window sets and finalized with matching single balconies extending out at the corners on both the second and third levels. These large windows and glass sliding doors sit flush within the unadorned stucco walls with no decorative elaborations added.

This main two story living space floats above the lower level entryway and open vehicle access and carport/ parking. The carport, a prominent feature of the front façade, is characteristic of the expanding suburbanization of the 1950s era, and of the automobile’s increasing importance in residential design and the daily life of Americans. The open carport/garage is enclosed on three sides and utilizes exposed square steel support beams which in turn support the horizontal building support beams. Slender horizontal and vertical square beams support the upper level mass and its large pane window bands of glass panels and doors. This raised effect with slender column and large upper level mass creates a weightless appearance that is characteristic of Modern Post and Beam and International style. The main entrance is centrally positioned with wide extruded metal mesh doorway which is flanked with solid side facing concrete side walls. This front entryway provides an open view into the entrance from Upas Street into the interior courtyard with outside staircase entry area.

As the visitor enters the complex through the extruded steel mesh gateway door, a lower level garden with trees climb up within the open complex with upper level light raining down through the floating steel stairways walkways and landings supported by steel beams creating a raised tree house amongst a rainforest effect blending these indoor and outdoor spaces with light increasing as you rise up from the first to the upper third level. The path terminates at the garden stairwell area with a rear concrete masonry wall with alternating raised concrete blocks creating a geometric checkerboard pattern along the rear wall and increasing the effect of light and shadow coming in from above.

West (Side) Elevation. The building complex is placed squarely on the lot and this elevation shows the side elevation which is placed near the property line with minimal setbacks. This elevation also features alternating stucco and expansive floor to ceiling glazing with extending corrugated sheet metal surfaced balconies on the second floor. These cantilevered balconies match those seen on the front elevation and previously described. Buildings are connected via post and beam steel terraces and stairways which appear to hover above the landscape. The ground plain slopes up from the front on this elevation, with the entryway and open carports seen on the lower level beneath the rising slope of the ground plane. The buildings all exhibit fine sandy wall stucco.

East (Side) Elevation. In keeping with the symmetrical design pattern, this elevation essentially mirrors the other (west) side elevation with blank stucco walls on the front structure where the orientation is over the park and side facing metal balconies floor to ceiling glass and connecting raised patios and stairways connecting the indoor and outdoor spaces. This elevation shows gradually slopes up from the three story front elevation to the rear, in the rear that transitions to two story.

North (Rear) Elevation. The rear elevation faces a rear alley and displays clean symmetrical horizontal lines and an unadorned minimal, almost blank, façade in keeping with the structure's central inward facing courtyard design and mid century modern design and period of significance. From left to right, this elevation shows a large two-story stucco wall with glass and windows focused to the landscaped side to maximize balcony views. The central portion of the building projects out and contains a service area for trash and recycling. This also has a blank stucco wall facing the alley. This halted view and enclosure enhances the interior view with this wall section being the terminus of the rear view from inside the courtyard, maintaining the quiet interior oasis with tropical plants softening its urban surroundings. Open stairs are set within the wall and connect down to additional parking on both sides. Finally, another stucco two-story wall is seen to the right, which also has cantilevered upper balconies, large windows and floor

8 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#

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Page 8 of 69 *Resource Name or #: The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments

*Recorded by: Ronald V. May, RPA and Kiley Wallace *Date: June 2016 Continuation Update

*P3a. Description (continued): to ceiling glass doors faced to the landscaped sides to maximize views and privacy.

Landscaping. Tropical landscaping is seen flanking the front entryway and within the rear courtyard with landscaped planting areas incorporated into the stairwells and patios with palms and fern plantings raising up through the floating stairwells and covered colonnades of the open post and beam architecture. Light floods in from above and natural light is diffused gently through the plant canopies and open beam structure with floating stairways and walkways. The overall effect is that you feel as if you are walking within the tree canopies on upper levels. One can see green landscaping from almost any location on any floor and the pass through nature of the Post and Beam architecture with custom minimal railing and lack of solid supporting walls creates natural views is if one were in a multilevel greenhouse.

This blending of modern architecture and design with nature and outdoor spaces is a key characteristic of modern architecture and of the two master architects Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco that built it, especially Ruocco who was known for his nature centered and innovative designs. Concrete steps with natural river stone aggregate continues the blending on modern and natural surfacing. The front entry walkway has modest plantings in keeping with the Mid Century rear courtyard facing design. The lower level entryway passes through long concrete walls and natural light draws the eye past the custom extruded metal screen to the back wall at the terminus where a geometric patterned concrete wall backs a landscaped planting area. The use of these concrete blocks to form a simple geometric pattern allows the sunlight from above to change the texture of the rear entryway wall throughout the day. This is a favorite design feature of California Modernism during the post-World War II era. Newer ceramic floor tiles have been added, likely over the original concrete.

The mature landscaping in front and back in the courtyard and circulation areas complements the modernist post and beam style of the multifamily residential buildings and based on the architectural renderings reflects the design of the original master architects intended back in 1959 / 1960.

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State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # ______DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ______

BUILDING,S STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD

Page 9 of 69 *Resource Name or #: The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments

B1. Historic Name: Park Garden Apartments / 1740 Upas Street B2. Common Name: 1740 Upas Street B3. Original Use: Apartment house B4. Present Use: Condo complex *B5. Architectural Style: Modern (Post and Beam) style *B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) The Residential Building Record shows the building was constructed in 1959. The earlier existing structure was demolished on August 25, 1959. Original architectural plans and rendering is included and dated in 1959. The initial building permit lists the architects as Ruocco and Delawie and was dated December 21, 1959. The Residential Building Record date of construction shows the property was built December 27, 1959. The water permit is dated October 1, 1959. The sewer permit is dated December 28, 1959. The notice of completion is dated July 15, 1960. A 1981 interior remodel was completed by original Master Architect Homer Delawie (see plans attached ), since this addition is concentrated on the interior and completed by the original master architect, this interior remodel is not considered as a loss of integrity.

The City of San Diego has the following additional building permits on record: Interior remodel alteration to unit #10 is dated August 7, 2001 under permit # A109963-01. Condo unit #14 interior was remodeled under permit #71059 April 26, 2005. The building was flagged as a potential historic resource and approved by Historic Resources staff for an interior remodel dated June 4, 2012, including replacement of sliding glass door under permit # 987297.

*B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: *B8. Related Features: Attached garage B9a. Architect: Master Architects Lloyd Ruocco and Homer Delawie b. Builder: Techbilt Construction Co. *B10. Significance: Theme: Residential architecture Area: Greater North Park (San Diego) Period of Significance: 1959-1960 Property Type: Multi-Family Property Applicable Criteria: C and D (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.). The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments at 1740 Upas St. is significant under two criteria: Criterion C as an excellent example of Mid Century Modern style of architecture. The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments is also significant and qualifies under Criterion D as it reflects a notable example of the work of two recognized master architects, Lloyd Ruocco and Homer Delawie FAIA. The period of significance, 1960, encompasses the date of construction of the property. This building has been well maintained and has excellent originality and integrity. (See Continuation Sheet.)

B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) none N *B12. References: (See Continuation Sheet)

B13. Remarks: none *B14. Evaluator: Ronald V. May, RPA and Kiley Wallace

*Date of Evaluation: June 2016

(This space reserved for official comments.)

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State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # ______DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ______CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ______

Page 10 of 69 *Resource Name or #: The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments

*Recorded by: Ronald V. May, RPA and Kiley Wallace *Date: June 2016 Continuation Update

*B10. Significance (continued):

Criterion A (Community History): Exemplifies or reflects special elements of the City’s, a community’s or a neighborhood’s historical, archaeological, cultural, social, economic, political, aesthetic, engineering, landscaping or architectural development.

Introduction. Although the North Park community and nearby Dryden Historic District have a number of homes that have been designated as historic for their significance, there remains much to be learned about how this neighborhood developed, the reasons for the architectural styles that were built, and the lives of the people who lived and worked there. Criterion A evaluations are often complicated because they require the presentation of broad contexts and associations to establish the significance of the special elements of importance. The single most important mechanism to bring new information forward to better understand these communities is the intensive research associated with individual houses nominations. Legacy 106, Inc. and other researchers and homeowners have written additional nominations that now form an important body of primary research about the area.

Native American, Spanish, Mexican, and American Periods. The landscape that we see today in this area has changed dramatically over time. The first people who arrived in this area may have come here as early as 20,000 years ago, although that is a subject of ongoing study. Certainly early peoples began to populate the region by 12,000 years ago. During that era, the Laguna Mountains were frozen and expansive savannah lands surrounded shallow lakes east to the Lower Colorado River. One of the most dramatic differences involved the location of the coastal shoreline, which was substantially further to the west than what we know today. In fact, geological evidence suggests that glacial ice drew-down the sea level to approximately 400 feet lower than we know it today. The “coastal” archaeological sites that reflect this period of occupation are now deeply submerged and available only to underwater explorers.

Between 10,000 and 5,000 years ago, glacial melt elevated the sea level and prehistoric people intensified their use of the land. About 1,500 years ago, rainfall lessened and San Diego became the coastal desert of today. The upper mesas that make up North Park were covered with Mixed Chaparral, a drought resistant population of plants and animals that could survive months without rainfall. Archaeological investigation of San Diego has revealed most prehistoric cultures concentrated their population centers near freshwater drainages, estuaries, bays, and marine resources. These upland mesas served as sources for medicinal seeds, roots, and bark, as well as hunting and food gathering areas. Most of the prehistoric sites recorded for these uplands consist of vegetal roasting ovens, trail breakage, and overnight camps. At least one seasonal habitation camp existed in Switzer Canyon at the time Spanish colonists arrived in San Diego in 1769. Other villages are known to have been in Mission Valley, Rose Canyon, and around San Diego Bay.

Prior to 1769, Native Kumeyaay families and unknown prehistoric people before them lived in this general area on a nomadic basis, following food resources as they became seasonally available. The local Kumeyaay people continued traditional use rights on the land in this area through the Spanish and Mexican periods of California history, although their ability to live in the area and use the resources of the land became increasingly restricted by European dictates and encroachment from non-native grants, pre- emption, and homestead claims upon choice properties.

The first United States surveys passed through this area in the 1850s, but the first subdivisions as we understand it today with the system of Blocks and Lots did not occur until after 1900. Some sources record local Kumeyaay families living in Mission Valley and in various parts of coastal San Diego until about 1910 based on ethnographic interviews (Shipek 1991). After then, the Kumeyaay families who had not been forced to live on U.S. Government controlled reservations had abandoned these ancestrally- owned lands to move east or south to Baja, California where they still had cultural ties and could live with

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*Recorded by: Ronald V. May, RPA and Kiley Wallace *Date: June 2016 Continuation Update

*B10. Significance - Criterion A (continued):

less interference. While today, American society generally does not recognize Native American usage/ownership of the land as part of the legal chain of title, it is nevertheless part of the chronological and historical sequence of land usage over time.

Given the many thousands of years of prehistoric occupation, the Spanish colonization era passed through the Mexican Revolution and Mexican War with the United States in a mere heartbeat of time. By the 1870s, European American land surveyors began extending the boundary of the City of San Diego. Real estate speculators bought “Pueblo Land” from the Common Council and City Trustees and then drew maps that created grids of streets and blocks of lots.

Paper Tracts and Early Development History

The following is taken from the 2009 Dryden Historic District designation:

Both sides of Pershing Avenue and the west side of 28th Street are within the Park Villas Tract (Map 438, which was surveyed May 1870 but not filed until October 14, 1887); the east side of 28th Street is within the West End Tract (Map 590, which was surveyed November 1872 and filed May 17, 1873). On paper, these subdivisions are among the oldest in North Park and are associated with San Diego’s founding political and entrepreneurial figures. These tracts were mapped during the beginning of Alonzo Horton’s New Town optimism and soon after reservation of the 1,400-acre City Park on February 4, 1870, as proposed by visionary Ephraim Morse and requested of the state legislature by City Trustees Jose Engstrand 1980, p. 47). Designation of City Park (now Balboa Park) influenced the pattern of development in North Park more than any other single land use decision in San Diego’s early days.

Subdivision of land north and east of the planned City park began as early as the 1870s, although the construction of homes on most of these “paper” tracts did not begin until streetcar service was available on University Avenue in the 1907 and on 30th Street north of Switzer Canyon in the following year. The lots on the east side of 28th Street are in the West End Tract, which was laid out in paper as early as 1872. Lots in West End Tract were 100 feet in depth, with relatively small blocks similar to downtown San Diego. Lots on Pershing Avenue and on the west side of 28th Street are part of the western section of the Park Villas Tract that was first surveyed in 1870, with a subdivision map filed in 1887. Lots in the Park Villas Tract were deeper and backed onto alleys. Home construction in the area began in 1912, five years after streetcars began service on University Avenue, just to the north. The first public school in North Park was built in the Park Villas Tract to the north of the Dryden District in 1910. Most lots were developed by the late 1920s. Early homes in the district reflect the Arts and Crafts movement; many later homes reflect a Spanish revival character.

Broader Context for the Development of the Area. Probably the most comprehensive overview of this area is covered in the September 2010 Uptown Community Plan Update, Draft Historical Context Statement, by the City of San Diego City Planning and Community Investment department. The historical context applies to the general area and suggests that the distribution of single family home construction in the uptown areas followed the development of increased transportation options.

Development of Residential Subdivisions. Improvements in transportation infrastructure, in conjunction with the establishment of Mission Cliff Gardens, made the northern reaches of Uptown accessible. Whereas new construction was confined to the area south of Laurel Street in previous years, development activity began to extend into the undeveloped areas of University Heights, Hillcrest and

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*B10. Significance - Criterion A (continued):

Mission Hills by the turn of the twentieth century. At the time development in these areas consisted primarily of single-family homes, though other types of development, including schools, fire stations and medical facilities, were also built to meet the needs of Uptown’s growing population.

Before 1900, Uptown was a remote and inaccessible section of the city, but the construction of roads and bridges, mass transit lines, hospitals, parks and a college campus fueled growth in several sections of the study area. By 1904, approximately 23 percent of Uptown was developed, though the majority of structures were concentrated south of Laurel Street in Park West. At this time, construction had also occurred in the northern half of Park West, Hillcrest, Mission Hills and University Heights, although development in these areas was comparatively sparse.

Residential subdivisions in the Planning Area continued to be surveyed, registered and subsequently developed into the 1920s. By this time, however, much of Uptown had already been platted; therefore, subdivisions planned after the Exposition were generally sited in those sections of the study area not well- served by streetcar lines. To maximize the amount of buildable land, especially in areas bisected by canyons, many developers conformed to the study area’s natural topography by incorporating winding streets, asymmetrical blocks and irregular-shaped parcels into their plans.

The continuous growth of Uptown’s population sparked the construction of a number of commercial districts by the early 1920s. Sanborn maps indicate that, like residences, these commercial nodes were patterned along mass transit lines, as the majority of businesses were located near the streetcar stops at Fifth Street and University Avenue in Hillcrest; Washington and Goldfinch streets in Mission Hills; and Park Boulevard and Adams Avenue in University Heights. A handful of commercial structures in Park Villas were scattered on main grid streets in the area

The park is an important reference point that gave rise to tract names such as Hartley’s North Park (and thence the community’s name) and Park Villas. The park separated North Park from the downtown developments of New Town and Horton’s Addition, which enabled the area to develop independently on a delayed timeline that determined the dominant architectural styles.

The park also constrained the construction of roadways. The 1902 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Map of San Diego illustrates the barrier that the park represented. Only a few threads connect the North Park area to the dense grid of downtown San Diego. One of these is a wagon road that would become Pershing Drive, and it leads directly to the northeast corner of the park at the future intersection of Upas and 28th Streets. The 1917 street grid map of San Diego clearly shows the road through the park leading to Upas and 28th Streets, with spurs to Redwood Street and Arnold Avenue.

Park Villas Tract. The Park Villas tract is a large subdivision in two pieces. The tract encompasses the east half of Lot 1126, the east half of Lot 1127, and the whole of Lot 1349 of the Pueblo Lands of San Diego. The west half of Lot 1127 is not included in the Park Villas subdivision; it became the West End subdivision. The Park Villas tract has a complex history. Map 438 notes that Park Villas was "Surveyed for J. Nash Esq. May 1870 by James Pascoe". City Engineer of San Diego. North Park: A San Diego Urban Village, 1896-1946 (Covington 2007) describes Nash as follows: Joseph Nash was an early San Diego entrepreneur who opened his general merchandise store on the New Town waterfront in 1868. It was Nash’s business that a young clerk in the store, George Marston, and his friend Charles Hamilton, bought for $10,000 in 1873. The Marston Company ultimately became San Diego’s leading department store. Nash was a contemporary of Alonzo Horton, founder of San Diego’s New Town. A 1914 news article about Nash noted:

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"He purchased a lot in the business district for $25 and erected a building to house his stock. He purchased other business property at the same price. Nash is quoted as saying, "I purchased whole blocks for $200 per block. We divided up some of the blocks into lots and tried to sell the lots for $5 each. I remember one man who claimed he had been cheated and demanded his $5 back. He threatened us with lawsuits and made such dire intimations against our characters that we gave him back his money."

Joseph Nash was listed in the 1874 City of San Diego Directory as having a General Merchandise store at the corner of Fifth and J streets. He was a charter member of the Chamber of Commerce, and Vice President of the Citizens Railroad Committee in 1872. He was part of the effort to bring the Texas & Pacific Railroad to San Diego, which was described in San Diego, California’s Cornerstone (Engstrand 1980, page 50) as follows:

In the spring of 1871, Congress passed a bill approving construction of the Texas & Pacific Railroad. Speculation was rife when Colonel Thomas Scott, president of the company, came to the Horton House to check over possible depot sites. The offer of enough open land and town property assured location of the terminus on San Diego Bay. Property values went up accordingly. But the untimely failure of the great railroad speculator Jay Cook on "Black Friday", September 18, 1873, caused the end of Texas & Pacific plans. Nash sold many of his interests and relocated. In the 1883-1884 McKenney’s Pacific Coast Directory, Nash was listed in San Francisco at 328 Montgomery with the occupation "mining sec."

A March 31, 1885 news article noted that ―the case of Cadwalader vs J. Nash and the California Southern Railroad Company has been filed; the object of the action is to quiet plaintiff’s title to the east half of Pueblo lots 1126 and 1127. These lots represent the majority of the Park Villas tract. The California Southern Railroad was incorporated in October 1880, and the successful completion of the local rail line in 1885 led to land speculation that would set off the "Boom of the Eighties" (Engstrand 1980, page 54). The lawsuit’s final judgment was filed in the Superior Court of the County of San Diego on September 20, 1887, which explains why Nash’s tract map was not actually filed until October 14, 1887.

After settlement of the lawsuit, Eliza did not move to San Diego to enjoy her landholdings. The 1900 Federal Census listed her in San Francisco at 2111 Pacific Avenue with two sons and a daughter, and with her occupation as ―capitalist. It is not apparent exactly when she sold the land, but the 1890 City of San Diego Lot Books, which are the earliest assessor books in the San Diego Historical Society records, identified the land ownership for the blocks in the western side of the Park Villas tract (Blocks 62 through 81) as ―unknown‖ except for the row along University Avenue and part of Block 78, which were identified as being owned by Charles S. Hamilton. This was land decreed owned by Nash in the lawsuit. In 1891, most of the unknown ownership blocks were identified as being owned by the College Hill Land Association, except for the blocks between Dwight and Myrtle streets from 28th to Arizona streets (Blocks 65, 70, 75 and 80), which were identified as being owned jointly by C.C. Seaman, R.A. Thomas, and J.W. Collins. The College Hill Land Association formed in 1886 and initiated development of a branch of the University of Southern California in what is now University Heights, a dream that failed with the land bust of 1888-1889. Their stockholders included C.C. Seaman and Richard A. Thomas ("San Diego’s Normal Heights: The Growth of a Suburban Neighborhood", 1886-1926, by Suzanne Ledeboer, Journal of San Diego History, V. 52, No. 1&2, Winter/Spring 2006). Thus, the early history of the Park Villas tract, including the proposed District, is intertwined with the investors who held land that eventually became University Heights.

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*Recorded by: Ronald V. May, RPA and Kiley Wallace *Date: June 2016 Continuation Update

*B10. Significance - Criterion A (continued):

Although The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments contributes to our understanding of the development of North Park and its association with the collaboration of Master Architects Lloyd Ruocco and Homer Delawie, no special elements about this building were found in the course of research for this study to determine it qualifies for designation under Criterion A.

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*B10. Significance - Criterion B:

Criterion B (Important Person): Is identified with persons or events significant in local, state, or national history. A summary of the individuals associated with this property is provided along with a conclusion regarding their significance under Criterion B.

Based on the research found and evidence presented in this report, Legacy 106, Inc. concludes that the Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments at 1740 Upas Street does not have associations with significant individuals to qualify for nomination under Criterion B.

Glenn A. Rick and Ruth Rick Partial Owners, 1958 to 1959

In December 1958, John F. Curtis and Helen S. Curtis, Paul K. Tchang and Rose Sun Tchang, and Glenn A. Rick and Ruth Rick purchased the east 65 feet of lots 13 to 18 in block 246 of University Heights. The grant deed indicates that the Curtis' held an undivided 40% interest, the Tchangs held an undivided 40% interest, and the Ricks held an undivided 20% interest. Glenn A. Rick founded the Rick Engineering Company in San Diego in 1955. It is not known in exactly what capacity, other than partial ownership of the land, that Glenn A. Rick or Rick Engineering was involved with in the construction of 1740 Upas Street. By the time the subject property was completed in July 1960, the Ricks no longer retained a portion of ownership the property.

Although no longer run by the Rick family in 2016, the company retains the Rick Engineering name. It has since expanded into several California cities, as well as Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona. It provides a wide variety of services, including urban design and planning, construction management services, surveying and mapping, redevelopment, civil engineering, transportation engineering, and more.

Glenn Allen Rick was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa in 1899. His father William Edgar Rick was a carpenter, and mother Isabell (Metcalf) Rick was a housewife. Glenn grew up in Cedar Rapids and on June 24, 1924 he married Ruth Ann Protzman there. He graduated from the University of Iowa with a civil engineering degree and in 1927, he and Ruth moved to San Diego. Although Glenn intended to build houses in San Diego, he learned shortly after arriving here that due to the economic downturn of the late 1920's, the homes he was scheduled to build could no longer be financed (Rick 1977:41).

Glenn was hired as the Assistant City Planning Engineer in San Diego's newly formed City Planning Department. He was eventually promoted to City Planning Engineer and in 1928 became the City Planning Director. In that role he was responsible for implementing famed landscape architect and city planner John Nolen's vision for San Diego. Glenn was noted for promoting San Diego's growth in a responsible and comprehensive way. He identified several key issues for city planners to tackle, such as traffic and parking problems, developing a modern sanitation system, securing a sustainable water supply, and completing the Harbor Development Plan.

Because of his involvement with the development of Mission Bay in the late 1940's, Glenn A. Rick was dubbed the "Father of Mission Bay." The project called for the design of a natural looking bay with areas for swimming, sailing and other water recreating, with luxury hotel accommodations. Glenn also pushed for 19 wildlife areas, but in the end, the Mission Bay project ended up with five.

In 1955, Glenn retired from the City and founded Glenn A. Rick and Sons, which was later renamed Rick Engineering Company. Glenn headed the planning division, while son William led the civil engineering services and Wallace managed the survey department. Rick Engineering has worked on a lengthy list of well-known projects and developments. They developed the Master Plan for Rancho Peñasquitos and the

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Community Plan for Scripps Ranch in the 1960's. In the 1970's, Rick Engineering planned and developed a residential and commercial component, including 20,000 homes, in the La Costa community of Carlsbad. The company was also responsible for a subdivision ordinance for the City of Los Angeles, a general plan for Rancho El Toro in Orange County, and a plan for San Diego's Midway area in collaboration with architect Dick Wheeler. Glenn A. Rick passed away in 1983.

Although Glenn A. Rick's company, Rick Engineering, has had a tremendous impact on San Diego over the years, Glenn's association with 1740 Upas Street was brief, from 1958 to 1959. He and wife Ruth were partial owners of the land upon which the subject property was eventually constructed. According to the Notice of Completion from July 1960, the subject property was built by the Techbilt Construction Company, not Glenn A. Rick or Rick Engineering. Therefore, based on the evidence presented above, insufficient information was found about Glenn A. Rick and Ruth Rick to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

W. Clarke W. Clarke Osborn Resident (apartment # 1), 1961 and 1962

W. Clarke Osborn occupied apartment 1 in 1961 and 1962, during which time he was the Vice-President / Manager at the Bank of America National Trust & Savings Association.

By 1968 he was living at 2701 2nd St., apartment 306, and was retired. He moved from there to a different apartment in the same complex, to Apt. 201 by 1971. By 1978 he was living at 2363 Albatross, apartment 203.

Insufficient information was found about W. Clarke Osborn to determine if he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Elizabeth L. Miller Resident (apartment # 2), 1961 to 1964

From 1961 to 1964, Elizabeth L. Miller resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment #2. The San Diego city directories indicate that she was serving in the Navy during that time. Further information about her could not be located.

Based on the evidence presented above, insufficient information was found about Elizabeth L. Miller to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Pete Mollerstrom Resident (apartment # 3), 1961

In 1961 only, Pete Mollerstrom resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment #3. That year’s San Diego city directory does not list an occupation for him, however, research indicates that he was a retired Army colonel.

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In April 1890, Peter Ferdinand Mollerstrom was born in Sweden. At the age of eighteen he sailed from Liverpool, England to Ellis Island aboard the SS Luciana. According to the 1910 U.S. Census, Peter lived in Marshfield, Wisconsin with his uncle and aunt, Peter and Helen Rasmussen, and their children. The following year he applied for U.S. citizenship and was living in a hotel in Memphis, Tennessee.

By 1915, Peter lived in downtown San Diego at 918 5th Avenue and worked as a bookkeeper for Alfred Stahel & Sons. During and shortly after World War I he served in the Army, and according to the 1920 U.S. Census, was based in Porter, New York where he was an Army Sergeant. In August 1922 he married twenty-nine year old Nellie E. Parsons in Sandusky, Ohio.

The Mollerstroms moved frequently around the U.S. during the 1920’s through 1940’s, living in Fort Crook and Bellevue, Nebraska, Quantico, Virginia, and Spokane, Washington. Peter retired from the Army in 1946 with the rank of colonel. In the early 1950’s, he and Nellie moved to Santa Barbara, California. She passed away in 1959 and Peter moved to San Diego not long afterwards. He resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment #3 in 1961 and passed away the following year.

Based on the evidence presented above, insufficient information was found about Pete Mollerstrom to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Mark Wilbert and Anna Wilbert Residents (apartment # 4), 1961

Mark Wilbert and his wife Anna resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 4 in 1961 only. That year’s San Diego city directory does not list an occupation for them, and they were likely retired by that point. Mark had previously been employed with a laundry company and also worked as a civil service carpenter at North Island Naval Air Station (San Diego Union, October 8, 1974).

A native of Philadelphia, Mark Norman Wilbert was born to Russian immigrants on July 2, 1889. Little about his early life could be found. According to Mark's World War I draft registration cards from 1917, he and wife Anna lived in Los Angeles, where he worked for the Hollywood Laundry Company. Anna was born in Illinois on September 2, 1887.

By 1920, the Wilberts lived in San Diego with their infant daughter Norma, and Mark worked at a laundry company (1920 U.S. Census). The couple moved frequently around San Diego throughout their time in the city, and lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 4 in 1961 only. Anna passed away in San Diego in 1972, and Mark passed way in San Diego on October 3, 1974.

Based on the evidence presented above, insufficient information was found about Mark Wilbert and Anna Wilbert to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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*B10. Significance - Criterion B (continued):

Anthony Demore and Maurene Demore Residents (apartment # 5), 1961

In 1961 only, Anthony and Maurene Demore resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 5. That year’s San Diego city directory lists his occupation as a salesman with the May Company. By 1963, the Demores lived at 4501 Acacia Avenue in La Mesa.

On September 20, 1908, Anthony William Demore was born in Ohio. He died in San Diego on July 13, 1982. Further information about him and Maurene could not be located.

Based on the evidence presented above, insufficient information was found about Anthony Demore and Maurene Demore to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Lee T. Cooper Resident (apartment # 6), 1961

Lee T. Cooper resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 6 in 1961 only. That year’s San Diego city directory lists him or her as working at the Tide Water Oil Company. Further information about Lee could not be located.

Based on the evidence presented above, insufficient information was found about Lee T. Cooper to determine he or she was historically significant for his or her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Norma Graham Resident, 1961-1962 & 1965 (apartment # 7), 1968-1971 (apartment # 12)

Norma Graham lived at 1740 Upas Street off and on from 1961 to 1971. According to the San Diego city directories, in 1961, 1962, and 1965, she lived in apartment #7. From 1968 to 1971 she lived in apartment #12. She was the daughter of Nettie M. Park, who in 1971 also lived at 1740 Upas Street, in apartment # 10.

A native of Kansas, Norma was born on October 21, 1912, and passed away in San Diego in June 1971. Further information about her could not be located.

Based on the evidence presented above, insufficient information was found about Norma Graham to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Robert Brooks Resident (apartment # 8), 1961 Resident (apartment # 11), 1967-1973

According to the San Diego California, City Directory for 1961, Robert Brooks lived in apartment 8. The City Directory also showed that he was a Research Engineer for General Dynamics. He moved back to

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1740 Upas Street in 1967 and resided in apartment # 11 until 1973. The San Diego city directories during that time show that he was still employed with General Dynamics.

Insufficient information was found about Robert Brooks to determine whether he was historically significant for his association to 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Richard Logan and Natalie Logan Residents (apartment # 9), 1961

According to the San Diego California, City Directory for 1961, Richard and Natalie Logan occupied apartment 9. The City Directory also showed that Richard was an employee of General Dynamics.

Insufficient information was found about Richard or Natalie Logan to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Dorothy K. Hayes Resident (apartment # 10), 1961

Dorothy K. Hayes lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment 10 in 1961. From City Directory records, she was an Assistant Director for the American National Red Cross in San Diego. No further information has been discovered about Dorothy K. Hayes.

Insufficient information was found about Dorothy K. Hayes to determine if she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Glen A. Kirk and Gladys I. Kirk Residents (apartment # 11), 1961

Glen A. Kirk was born in 1910 in Phenix, Missouri, and was 30 year resident of Lake Havasu, Arizona, and previously had lived in Garden Grove, California. In 1961, Glen and his wife Gladys occupied apartment 11 at 1740 Upas Street. He was a lifelong carpenter and was a 50-year member of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters. He died in 2005 at the age of 93.

Insufficient information was found about Glenn A. or Gladys I. Kirk to determine if they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Albert Dutra and Helen T. Dutra Residents (apartment # 12), 1961

Albert Dutra was born in 1915. Helen T. Smith, whom he married in 1957, was born in 1920. Dutra worked as a Manager for the Western Milk Transport Company in San Diego.

On February 14, 1957, when he was 41, Albert married Helen, 38, in Riverside, California. Albert and Helen occupied apartment 12 at 1740 Upas St. in 1961.

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From available records, it appears that Albert and Helen divorced in December 1972. In 1973, Albert married Marilyn Harris. According to the San Diego, California Suburban Directory of 1964, Albert and his family moved to 403 Murray Drive, El Cajon. The California Death Index shows that Albert died in 1988 in San Diego.

Insufficient information was found about Albert Dutra, Helen T. (Smith) Dutra, or Marilyn (Harris) Dutra to determine if they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Charles Johnson and Eloise Johnson Residents (apartment # 14), 1961 and 1962

Charles Johnson and his wife Eloise lived in Apartment 14 from 1961 and 1962. During this time he was in the Navy. No further information was found about either Charles or Eloise that matched City Directory information. Insufficient information was found about Charles and Eloise Johnson to determine if they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Anthony and Josephine Barncastle Residents (apartment # 15), 1961 and 1962

Anthony and Josephine Barncastle lived in apartment 15 in 1961 and 1962. Prior to their residence at 1740 Upas, Anthony was a member of the US Army, and lived in Paso Robles in 1953. He and his wife then lived in El Paso, until 1959. At this time, Anthony was a broker for Bankers Life Company. In 1961- 62, they moved into 1740 Upas Street. By this time, Anthony was a salesman for the American Thread Company. By 1966, Anthony and Josephine had moved to 5701 Carnegie Street.

Insufficient information was found about Anthony and Josephine Barncastle to determine if they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Richard Brooks Resident (apartment # 16), 1961

Richard Brooks lived in apartment 16 in 1961. He was in the U.S. Navy. By 1974, he was living at 4675 N. 34th St., Apt. 8, San Diego. No further information was discovered for this resident.

Insufficient information was found about Richard Brooks to determine if they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Richard and Alice Schatz Residents (apartment # 17), 1961

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*B10. Significance - Criterion B (continued):

Richard and Alice Schatz lived in Apartment 17 in 1961. Richard was a public school teacher, according to the City Directory of that year. No further information was discovered.

Insufficient information was found about Richard and Alice Schatz to determine if they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Mrs. Zella Sloan Resident (apartment # 18), 1961-1962

Mrs. Zella Sloan resided in apartment 18 from 1961-1962. She was married to Lester Sloan and was a widow while she lived at 1740 Upas. Prior to her residence in San Diego, the City Directories show that she lived in Brookline, Massachusetts from 1940 into 1944. Lester was a real estate agent at this time. They moved to Miami Beach, Florida, between 1955-1957. Lester was in unspecified business.

By 1963-1964, she was living at 2140 Howard Ave., apartment 12. The City Directories show that by 1970, Zella was living at 6560 Montezuma Rd., apartment 324. The City Directory states that she was retired at this point. She was the Office Manager of O & B Medical Group, Inc., which is no longer an active business. She remained at this address through 1973. Further information about Mrs. Zella Sloane could not be discovered.

Insufficient information was found about Zella Sloan to determine if she were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

William B. Connoley Resident (apartment #19), 1961

William B. Connoley lived in apartment 19 in 1961 only, during which time he was a Vice President- Manager of Palomar Mortgage Company.

From the U.S. Public Records Index, it appears that William was born on April 7, 1919 in Escondido, California. A directory search shows he lived at 231 Ash with Virginia L. Connoley in 1948. IN 1954 he worked for Rideout Products as Office Manager, and in 1959, he worked as the Vice President of Lister Investment Company and lived in Chula Vista during those years.

William married Elizabeth R. King in 1962 in San Diego and was employed by the San Diego office of the McMillen Mortgage Company. By 1964, William Elizabeth had moved to 5550 Redland Dr. William had changed employers and was Vice President of Home Federal Savings and Loan.

William worked at the United States National Bank from 1964-1974. In 1972, the FDIC sued the directors of the USNB for breach of duty in the failure of the bank. The total loss was over $410 million. William was one of the named directors in the suit. William died on July 7, 1989 in San Diego.

Insufficient information was found about William B. (Virginia and Elizabeth) Connoley to determine if they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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Mrs. Marie Gilespie Resident (apartment # 20), 1961

Mrs. Marie Gilespie lived in apartment 20 in 1961. No further information about Marie was discovered.

Insufficient information was found about Mrs. Marie Gilespie to determine if she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Patrick Traynor Resident (apartment # 21), 1961

Patrick Traynor lived in apartment 21 in 1961. According to the City Directory, he was a Public Relations Manager for American Title Company. No further information about Patrick was discovered.

Insufficient information was found about Patrick Traynor to determine if he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

C. A. Braum Resident (apartment # 22), 1961

C. A. Braum lived in apartment 22 in 1961 only. No further information about this individual could be located.

Insufficient information was found about C.A. Braum to determine if he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Edith A. Flickenger Resident (apartment # 23), 1961-1963

Edith A. Flickenger lived in apartment 23 from 1961 to 1963. According to the City Directory, she was employed by United Airlines, first as a general employee, and by 1963, she was a reservation agent. No further information about Edith was discovered.

Insufficient information was found about Edith Flickenger to determine if she was historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Wesley H. Mathews and Nancy Mathews Residents (apartment # 24), 1961-1962

Wesley lived in apartment # 24 for two years. Wesley was a lawyer for the firm Hauslein and Mathews (it appears that he was a partner). Prior to his living at 1740 Upas Street, Wesley lived at 4679 Ohio St. apartment 1. He married Nancy A. Wright in July 1961, while he was living at 1740 Upas. He was about 30 years old, and she was 25.

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*B10. Significance - Criterion B (continued):

By 1965, Nancy and Wesley lived at 2188 Fairfield, and he was a partner in Mathews and Lewis. By 1967, he was partnered at Mathews, Lewis, Bergen & Henderson, attorneys. He and Nancy had moved to 1434 Calle Altura in La Jolla.

By 1975 Wesley had continued to partner with Bergen, Vodicka & Montag. Their office was at 121 Broadway, Suite 652, in the Spreckels Building. In 1979, his firm had changed slightly, in that Montag was not listed as a partner but Potash was.

In 1979, Wesley purchased 160 acres in Poway for $127,000.00, possibly to develop. He died on October 27, 2015, in La Jolla, and is survived by Nancy and their three children, Bruce, Benjamin, and Bradley. No further information regarding Wesley H. Mathews or Nancy Mathews could be located.

Insufficient information was found about Wesley H. Mathews to determine if he was historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Dr. Robert Poquiz and Ruth Poquiz Residents (apartment # 4), 1962

In 1962, Dr. Robert Poquiz and his wife Ruth lived at 1740 Upas Street at apartment 4. Dr. Poquiz was a dentist for the Navy. By 1961, he and Ruth lived at 3375 Kearney Villa Road.

Insufficient information was found about either Dr. Robert Poquiz and Ruth Poquiz to determine if they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Edgar Mayard and June Mayard Residents (apartment # 5), 1962-1964

Edgar and June Mayard lived in Apartment 5, beginning in 1962 and through 1964. Edgar’s occupation in the San Diego city directories during those years is listed as “manager – Park Gardens,” and he was likely the resident manager of the subject property (then known as the Park Garden Apartments). No other information was discovered about them.

Insufficient information was found about Edgar and June Mayard to determine if they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

James Rex Resident (apartment # 9), 1962

James Rex lived in Apartment 9 in 1962. From the Census records from 1940, he was born in Missouri ca. 1907, and was a billing clerk and public notary. According to the 1940 Census, he lived at 7335 ½ Clinton Street with his older sister, Marie who is listed as head of household.

While he lived at 1740 Upas, he was a clerk for SDG&E. In 1967, he has moved to 4180 Louisiana St. and lived for a short time at 1664 Brookes. He was still working for SDG&E as an accounting clerk.

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By 1973 he was retired and lived at 204 Fir St. By 1975, he had moved to 6131 Terryhill Drive, La Jolla. He passed away on April 9, 2002.

Insufficient information was found about James D. Rex to determine if he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Mabel N. George Resident (apartment # 12), 1962

Mabel N. George resided in apartment 12 in 1962 only. She was originally from Montana. From the 1930 Census, she was a lodger at 1572 Sixth St., unit 62. In 1959 she was living in the Nearney Apartments, 1721 4th, apartment 1. Her husband William had already passed by this time. No further information on Mabel was discovered.

Insufficient information was found about Mabel N. George to determine if she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Irving Schuldenfrei Resident (apartment #17), 1962 Resident (apartment #25), 1963-1964

Irving Schuldenfrei lived in apartment 17 in 1962. In 1963-64, he lived in Apartment 25. Before he moved to 1740 Upas, in 1959, he lived at 4216 Moraga Avenue with his wife Mary H. (Hoffman)

Irving was born in New Jersey on September 9, 1898. He is listed in the 1910 Census of New York / the Bronx, with his parents Emmanuel and Frieda, living on E. 161st St.

In 1916, he lived in New York and he arrived for his Naval service in September 1918 as an Apprentice Seaman, then was raised up to Seaman Second Class. From the 1935 City Directories, Irving lived in Atlantic City, New Jersey. At that time, he worked at his own business as a commercial stationer and realtor.

In 1965, Irving and Mary had moved to 4254 Campus Ave., Apt. 7. By 1966 he had changed residences to 1231 Robinson, Apartment 5. They moved to 1268 Pennsylvania, Apartment 5. The City Directories list Irving as retired from 1965 onward, and he passed away in March 1978.

Insufficient information was found about Irving and Mary Schuldenfrei to determine if they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Tanya Zatzariny Resident (apartment # 3), 1963-1965

Tanya Zatzariny occupied Apartment 3 from 1963 to 1965. According to the Military Register for Nurse Ensigns, she was born on January 16, 1936 to Viola Chemisky and Jack Zatzariny in New Jersey.

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Tanya went to Vineland High School and graduated in 1954, enjoying athletics, Red Cross, Chemistry Club, and Honor Patrol. Tanya graduated from the Thomas Jefferson Nursing School of Philadelphia, and enlisted in the Navy on June 11, 1959. She retired from the Navy Nursing Corps as a Lt. Commander, and had served as a nurse at Ancora Hospital. She also served in Vietnam. She was released from service on June 30, 1979 and passed away on June 30, 1997.

Insufficient information was found about Tanya Zatzariny to determine if she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Mrs. Rowena Watkins Resident (apartment #8), 1963 to 1967

Mrs. Rowena Watkins lived in apartment 8 from 1963 to 1967. It appears from several San Diego Union published sports score cards from the mid-1960’s that she was an avid golfer and participated in several tournaments. No further information was discovered about her history.

Insufficient information was found about Mrs. Rowena Watkins to determine if she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Leonard Springer and Jane Springer Residents, 1963-1964

Leonard Springer and his wife Jane occupied apartment # 10 during 1963-1964. Leonard was in the Navy. Further information about the Springers could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Leonard Springer or Jane Springer to determine if they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Clarence Brown Resident (apartment # 11), 1963-1965

Clarence Brown lived in apartment 11 in 1963-1964. No information about his heritage, vocation, or his death could be verified.

Insufficient information was found about Clarence Brown to determine if he was historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Francis E. Hollow and Barbara H. Hollow Residents (apartment # 12), 1963-1964

Francis E. Hollow and his wife Barbara lived at 1740 Upas in apartment 12 during 1963-1964. He worked for Balboa Scale Models. This company was in business from 1964-1974, building brass scale models of steam locomotives and tinder cars. They were located at 1125 Garnet Ave., San Diego. According to the Brass Scale Models website (www.brasstrains.com), these high-quality scale models were replicas of

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various steam locomotives that were in use circa 1880-1950, such as American Locomotive, Amtrak, ATSF, Great Northern, and other trains.

Francis was born in La Jolla around 1940. By 1966, he and Barbara lived at 1828 Spindrift in La Jolla. By 1971, Francis and Barbara lived at 2529 Loring St. where it appears they continued to reside until 2000, when their address changed to 7665 Palmilla in La Jolla.

In 1974, Francis was president of Train Miniature Products. It appears that Train Miniature Products is the company which absorbed Balboa Scale Models, after Balboa went defunct.

Insufficient information was found about Francis E. Hollow and Barbara H. Hollow to determine if they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Raymond Clark and Donna Clark Residents (apartment # 20), 1963 to 1968

Raymond and Donna Clark occupied apartment 20 from 1963 to 1968. Raymond was in the Navy. No specific information could be verified about Raymond or Donna Clark.

Insufficient information was found about Raymond and Donna Clark to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Robert J. Morris Resident (apartment # 22), 1963-1964

Robert J. Morris lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 22, from 1963 to 1964. Further information about him could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Robert J. Morris to determine if he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Arthur K. Mann and Beth Mann Residents (apartment # 2), 1965

Arthur K. Mann and wife Beth lived in apartment 2 in 1965. Arthur is listed in the City Directory as being in the Navy. Very little information was discovered about either Arthur K. Mann or Beth Mann.

Insufficient information was found about Arthur K. Mann and Beth Mann to determine that they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

David J. Little and Laura Little Residents (apartment # 4), 1965 to 1971

In 1965, David J. Little and wife Laura moved into 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 4. David's occupation is listed in the 1965 through 1967 San Diego city directories as manager of the Park Gardens Apartments

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(as the subject resource was then known). After his death in May 1966, Laura remained in the apartment until 1971.

A native of Karnes County, Texas, David Jennings Little was born on April 10, 1897. According to the 1900 U.S. Census, David lived in San Antonio with his father James, a restaurant keeper, and mother Amelia, a housewife. Census information reveals that David had at least five siblings. By 1910, the Littles lived in McCulloch County, Texas where David's father worked as a farm laborer.

According to David's World War I draft registration cards from 1918, he lived in Burch, Arizona and worked on a dairy farm. In 1941 he married Laura Thomas in Northport, Michigan. The couple moved to San Diego in the early 1960's and lived at 3560 6th Avenue before moving to 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 4. David passed away in San Diego on May 10, 1966 and Laura remained in the apartment until 1971. After his death, Laura worked as a service manager for the Southern California Mortgage and Loan Corporation and in 1971, the city directory lists her as the manager of the Park Gardens Apartments (as the subject resource was then known). Further information about her could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about David J. Little and Laura Little to determine that they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

John Gilliland Resident (apartment # 5), 1965 only

John Gilliland lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 5 in 1965 only. According to that year's San Diego city directory, he was the news manager for the KOGO radio station. He had a lengthy career in radio and worked at several stations in Texas and California.

On October 18, 1935, John Sanford Gilliand, Jr. was born in Quanah, Texas. In 1952 he began his career in radio at KOLJ in his hometown. He attended Texas Christian University, majoring in English, and during that time worked as a disc jockey at Fort Worth's KCUL station. He worked at KLIF in Dallas from 1959 to 1961 and at Houston's KILT.

John's time in San Diego in the early 1960's was brief, and he lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 5 in 1965 only. While working as the news manager for KOGO, he went by the pseudonyms John Land and Johnny Land. Later in 1965, he went to the news department of KRLA in Los Angeles, and it was there that he became one of the original members of The Credibility Gap, a comedy team which fused topical humor with news broadcasts. During this time he also developed his radio documentary program, the Pop Chronicles, which covered popular music from the 1950's and 1960's. He later developed a version of the Pop Chronicles which covered the 1940's.

In the early 1970's, John transferred to San Francisco and worked for KSFO, where he hosted from 7pm to midnight on weeknights. His shows at KSFO included rebroadcasts of the Pop Chronicles, The Comedy Hour, Mystery Theater, and an old-fashioned radio hour.

John left KSFO in 1978 and returned to Texas. He died in Quanah on July 27, 1998. The University of North Texas Music Library now houses the John Gilliland Collection.

Insufficient information was found about John Gilliland to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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Arthur B. Duprau Resident (apartment #6), 1965 to 1967 and 1972 to at least 1974

Arthur Duprau resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 6 from 1965 to 1967, and again from 1972 to at least 1974. In the 1960's, the city directories indicate that he worked as a construction supervisor. In the 1970's, he was the manager of the Park Gardens Apartments, as the subject property was then known.

On February 17, 1903, Arthur Byrne Duprau was born in Grenfell, Saskatchewan, Canada. In 1925 he immigrated to the U.S. through Niagara Falls, New York. He wed a woman named Marian Jean in 1938 and in the early 1940's they lived in Los Angeles, where Arthur worked as a carpenter. Arthur and Marian had two sons, Ronald and Kenneth. The Duprau family lived in Pasadena in the late 1940's.

By 1961, Arthur was divorced and lived at 4129 Galt Street in the Clairemont neighborhood of San Diego. Interestingly, the 1961 San Diego city directory lists his occupation as superintendent for Techbilt Homes, the builder that constructed 1740 Upas Street. Arthur resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 6 from 1965 to 1967, and again from 1972 to at least 1974. He passed away in San Diego on July 17, 1976.

Insufficient information was found about Arthur Duprau to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Dr. James M. Dolan Resident (apartment # 9), 1965 only

Dr. James M. Dolan lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 9 in 1965 only. He is listed in that year's San Diego city directory as being employed as the associate curator of birds at the Zoo.

Dr. Dolan was born in 1937 and grew up in New York City. He attended Mount St. Mary's College in Emmitsburg, Maryland, and during summer breaks worked as a keeper at the Catskills Game Farm where he first became interested in the Przewalski's horse, a rare species from Mongolia.

After he received his bachelor of science degree from Mount St. Mary's, James completed a year of graduate work at Long Island University, in 1960 he was awarded a Thysen Foundation Fellowship to study in Germany (San Diego Union, May 16, 1976). Dr. Dolan attended the University of Kiel (Germany), where he completed his Ph.D. thesis on goat antelopes.

Dr. Dolan joined the San Diego Zoo in 1963 as an associate curator of birds, and in 1965 only lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 9. He was eventually promoted to director of animal sciences and then to park curator in 1973. By 1976 he lived on Ferris Wheel Farms, his five-acre ranch in Valley Center with several Arabian show horses and 250 birds, mostly parrots (Ibid.).

Insufficient information was found about Dr. James M. Dolan to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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Bess Shep Resident (apartment # 10), 1965 only

Bess Shep, widow of Milton Shep, lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 10 in 1965 only. That year's city directory indicates that she was employed with State Surplus Sales.

Bess (Goner) Shep was born in New York on February 1, 1907. She attended the University of Maryland in Baltimore, where she lived through about 1940. According to the 1940 U.S. Census, Bess was divorced and living in Manhattan, New York City where she worked for a children's recreation club.

In 1953 she married Milton Shep in San Diego. He passed away in 1964, and in 1965 only, Bess lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 10. In 1966, Bess moved to 3621 Park Blvd. and worked as a public school teacher. On October 7, 2001, Bess passed away in San Diego.

Insufficient information was found about Bess Shep to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Elizabeth Krieg Resident (apartment # 12), 1965 only

Elizabeth Krieg lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 12 in 1965 only, during which time she was an office worker at Raffee’s Carpet. After an extensive search, further information about her could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Elizabeth Krieg to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Donald H. Ruse and Elsie M. Ruse Resident (apartment # 14), 1965 to 1970

From 1965 to 1970, Donald H. Ruse and his wife Elsie resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 14. City directories from that time period indicate that Donald worked as an accountant.

On November 18, 1922, Donald Henry Ruse was born in Cleveland, Ohio. Little other information about his early life or about Elsie could be found. Donald passed away in Escondido on January 28, 1997.

Insufficient information was found about Donald H. Ruse and Elsie M. Ruse to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Mrs. Xenia V. Schroeder Resident (apartment # 15), 1965 to at least 1974

From 1965 to at least 1974, Mrs. Xenia V. Schroeder lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 15. During that time, she worked as a chemist. Further information about her could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Mrs. Xenia V. Schroeder to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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Mrs. Sherry Thomas Resident (apartment # 16), 1965 only

Mrs. Sherry Thomas resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 16 in 1965 only. That year's city directory does not list an occupation for her. After an extensive search, further information about this individual could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Mrs. Sherry Thomas to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Clarence N. Carr and Helen Carr Residents (apartment # 17), 1965 to 1967

Clarence N. Carr and his wife Helen lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 17, from 1965 to 1967. According to the San Diego city directories from that time period, Clarence was employed as a salesman with Thearles Music.

Clarence was born in California around 1911 and grew up in Bakersfield. His father Chris was originally from Denmark, and mother Marie was from Sweden. By 1920, Clarence was working as a music teacher in Bakersfield. He married Helen Davidson in the 1930's and the couple lived in Bakersfield, where he worked as a musician, until 1965. Clarence also owned and operated a service station there.

From 1965 to 1967, the Carrs lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 17. On June 9, 1982, Clarence passed away in San Diego. Further information about him and Helen could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Clarence N. Carr and Helen Carr to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

C. Jackson Selsor Resident (apartment # 18), 1965 to 1968

From 1965 to 1968, C. Jackson Selsor resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 18. According to the city directories from that time period, he was an employee at the zoo, and also the producer of This Week in San Diego, a radio show on KOGO.

On May 3, 1909, Charles Jackson Selsor was born in Connecticut. He typically shows up in records as C. Jackson Selsor. In 1930 he and his sister Peggy lived with their divorced mother in Chicago, where he worked at an advertising agency. By 1950, Charles and his wife Barbara lived at 3431 Herbert Street, just north of Balboa Park. He worked as a manager for the Barnes Chase Co. By 1954, C. Jackson listed his occupation as "publisher."

The Selsors divorced in the 1950's and by the late 1950's, C. Jackson worked for the San Diego Zoo. In 1959, he and Ken Stott, Jr., a zoo research associate, traveled to Africa and Southeast Asia to study primates in remote regions (San Diego Union, September 23, 1959). The pair published several scholarly articles of their findings in the early 1960's.

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Just prior to living at 1740 Upas Street, C. Jackson resided at 5053 Long Branch Ave. in Ocean Beach. In the mid-1960's, during the time he lived at the subject resource, C. Jackson worked at the San Diego Zoo.

C. Jackson Selsor died in San Diego on September 30, 1996. The Martin and Osa Johnson Safari Museum in Chanute, Kansas, which houses a collection of artifacts the Johnsons collected in Africa, also houses the Selsor Art Gallery, named after C. Jackson Selsor. The Gallery was founded in 1981 and features artwork by leading natural history artists.

Insufficient information was found about C. Jackson Selsor to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Paul A. McRill Resident (apartment # 21), 1965 only

In 1965 only, Paul A. McRill resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 21. That year's San Diego city directory does not list an occupation for him. According to the 1961 directory, he and his wife Elizabeth lived at 3501 1st Ave. in Hillcrest. After an extensive search, further information about Paul A. McRill could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Paul A. McRill to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Robert H. Walters Resident (apartment # 22), 1965 to 1967

Robert H. Walters is listed in the San Diego city directory as a resident of 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 22 from 1965 to 1967. During that time he was employed as a mathematician for Solar Aircraft. Research indicates that there were several people in San Diego by that name during that time period, and further information about this specific individual could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Robert H. Walters to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Cedric H. Low Resident (apartment # 23), 1965 to 1971

Cedric Herbert Low, an engineer for San Diego County, lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 23 from 1965 to 1971. He was born in Hermosa Beach on February 7, 1918. He appears in some records as "Sid Low" or "Cid Low." Cedric's father died when Cedric was young. In 1930, Cedric lived with his widowed mother Nora in Hermosa Beach where she was a real estate agent.

According to the 1940 U.S. Census, he worked as a clerk at the Los Angeles Public Library. From 1965 to 1971 he lived in apartment #23 at 1740 Upas Street. Cedric passed away in Santa Barbara on December 12, 1991.

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Insufficient information was found about Cedric H. Low to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Capt. William H. Lieser and Lucille Lieser Residents (apartment # 24), 1965 to at least 1974 Steven Lieser Resident, (apartment # 24), 1965 only

Capt. William H. Lieser and Lucille Lieser were residents of 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 24 from 1965 to at least 1974. During that time, Capt. Lieser was serving in the Navy. At the time of his retirement, he had attained the rank of captain and had served in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.

A native of Vancouver, Washington, Capt. Lieser was born on September 1, 1911. He grew up in that city, where his father Dr. Herbert Lieser was a physician. Capt. Lieser's mother Mabel died when he was a teenager. In the 1930's he married Lucille Ann Hendricks, a native of Pratum, Oregon born on April 29, 1915. She grew up in Englewood and Salem, Oregon, where her parents Julian and Annie were farmers.

The Liesers eventually had at least two children: Jessie and Steven, born around 1940. Capt. Lieser and Lucille lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 24 from 1965 to at least 1974, but by the early 1980's lived in Coronado. Their son Steven is listed as a resident of apartment # 24 as well in 1965 only. On April 10, 1986, William passed away in San Diego. Lucille died in Prineville, Oregon on October 27, 2014.

Insufficient information was found about Captain William H. Lieser and Lucille Lieser to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Sharon A. Monasterolo Resident (apartment # 9), 1966 only

Sharon Ann Monasterolo, a nurse at Mercy Hospital, lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 9 in 1966 only. She was born in San Diego on April 5, 1940. Little about her early life could be found. In 1961 and 1962 she was a college student and lived in an apartment at 4470 Euclid Ave. in the Talmadge neighborhood. Further information about Sharon A. Monasterolo could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Sharon A. Monasterolo to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Thomas H. Brown Resident (apartment # 11), 1966 only

Thomas H. Brown lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 11 in 1966 only. That year’s San Diego city directory does not list an occupation for him. Further information about Thomas H. Brown could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Thomas H. Brown to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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O. Staroste Resident (apartment # 19), 1966 only

An O. Staroste resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment #19 in 1966 only. That year’s San Diego city directory does not list an occupation for this individual. Record searches reveal that O. Staroste was probably Otto Staroste, who appears in local directories from the late 1950’s to the early 1970’s. Information about Otto’s early life could not be found, but during his time in San Diego he worked as a clerk for Stromberg Carlson, a company which manufactured telecommunications equipment and electronics.

From at least 1959 to 1964, Otto Staroste lived at 4730 Coronado Ave. in the Ocean Beach neighborhood. In 1965 he resided at 3700 10th Ave. and worked as an electronics technician. He resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment #19 in 1966 only. Further information about this individual could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about O. Staroste to determine he or she was historically significant for his or her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Marguerite Herrill Resident (apartment # 25), 1966 to at least 1974

From 1966 to at least 1974, Marguerite Herrill, an executive secretary, resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 25. She was a native of Missouri born on October 6, 1913, however, little information about her early life could be found. According to the 1940 U.S. Census, Marguerite lived at 2821 Adams Avenue in Normal Heights with her husband Walter, a dried fruit salesman, and their five year old daughter Phyllis.

Walter passed away in the 1950’s and Marguerite found work as an executive secretary. She moved frequently around San Diego after his death. In 1964 she resided at 4324 33rd Street and worked at Security First National Bank. From 1966 to at least 1974, she lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 25. Marguerite passed away in San Diego in May 1979.

Insufficient information was found about Marguerite Herrill to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Robert Nelson Resident (apartment # 1), 1967 only

Robert Nelson lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 1 in 1967 only. That year's city directory does not list an occupation for him. After an extensive search, further information about Robert could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Robert Nelson to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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William A. Maches Resident (apartment # 3), 1967 only

In 1967 only, a William A. Maches resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 3. That year's city directory does not list an occupation for him. There are two possibilities as to which individual resided there: William A. Maches, Sr. (1882 - 1984) or his son, William A. Maches, Jr. (1921 - 2004).

William A. Maches, Sr. was born in Greece in 1882 and came to the U.S. around 1903. Around 1920 he married a woman named Freda, who was a Nebraska native born around 1898. In the 1920's, he and Freda moved to San Diego and for thirty years owned the Maches Candy Specialties chocolate shop downtown. The couple appears in the 1930 U.S. Census as residing at 420 Brookes Avenue in the Hillcrest neighborhood, along with their four children. The census lists William Sr.'s occupation as "delicatessen proprietor" and Freda's occupation as "delicatessen saleslady."

By 1940, the Maches' lived at 1430 W. Pennsylvania Avenue near the Mission Hills neighborhood, and still owned the candy store. During World War II, William Sr. sold $500,000 in War Bonds and was recognized by the federal government for his efforts (San Diego Evening Tribune, October 22, 1984). In 1966, Freda Maches passed away. In 1967 only, William Sr. may have resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 3, or it may have been his son William Jr. William Sr. passed away in San Diego in October 1984.

William Anthony Maches, Jr. was born in Omaha, Nebraska on April 12, 1921. According to the 1940 U.S. Census, he lived at Moffett Field, an Army airfield near Sunnyvale, California. The following year he completed an armament course at the Army Air Corps school at Lowry Field, Colorado (San Diego Union, May 9, 1941). By May 1943, he had been promoted to staff sergeant and served with a fighter squadron in Tunisia (San Diego Union, May 14, 1943).

After the war, William Jr. worked as an engineer and lived in Oakland, Sacramento, San Mateo, and San Jose, California. In 1967 only, William Jr. may have resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 3, or it may have been his widowed father. William Jr. died in Belgrade, Montana in 2004.

Insufficient information was found about William A. Maches to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Pat O’Connor Resident (apartment # 5), 1967 only

Pat O'Connor lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 5 in 1967 only. That year's city directory does not list an occupation for him or her. After an extensive search, further information about Pat O'Connor could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Pat O’Connor to determine he or she was historically significant for his or her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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*B10. Significance - Criterion B (continued):

Mrs. Dorothea E. Kenyon Resident (apartment # 7), 1967 to 1970

Mrs. Dorothea Esther Kenyon was a resident of 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 7 from 1967 to 1970. During that time she worked as a typist for the County Welfare Department.

On July 11, 1910, Dorothea was born in Wallace, Idaho. In December 1944, Dorothea enlisted in the Womens’ Army Corps. After she moved out of the subject property, she lived at 4326 N. 33rd Street in the Normal Heights neighborhood. Dorothea passed away in San Diego on May 12, 1986, and further information about her could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Mrs. Dorothea E. Kenyon to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Jeffrey Wallinger Resident (apartment # 10), 1967 only

In 1967 only, Jeffrey Wallinger lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 10. During that time he worked at California Printing and Lithographics. Further information about him could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Jeffrey Wallinger to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Robert W. Crabtree Resident (apartment # 16), 1967 only

Robert W. Crabtree lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 16 in 1967 only. That year's city directory indicates that he was a teacher at Montgomery Junior High School, located in the Linda Vista neighborhood. By 1971 he lived at 8101 Fairview Ave. in La Mesa. Further information about Robert W. Crabtree could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Robert W. Crabtree to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

L.W. Kaplan Resident (apartment # 21), 1967 only

L.W. Kaplan lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 21 in 1967 only. That year's city directory does not list an occupation for this individual. Their identity could not be determined, and further information about L.W. Kaplan could not be found.

Insufficient information was found about L.W. Kaplan to determine he or she was historically significant for his or her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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*Recorded by: Ronald V. May, RPA and Kiley Wallace *Date: June 2016 Continuation Update

*B10. Significance - Criterion B (continued):

Maxine E. Keilig Resident (apartment # 2), 1968 to at least 1974

Maxine Elizabeth Keilig resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 2 from 1968 to at least 1974. She worked as a teacher for the San Diego Unified School District.

A native of Nebraska, Maxine was born in 1919. She appears in the 1920 U.S. Census as residing in Schneider, Nebraska with her parents Ernest and Frieda, who were farmers. Maxine lived in Schneider through at least 1940 and worked as a teacher there. During World War II, Maxine served in the Navy. By 1964 she lived in San Diego. That year’s city directory shows her address being an apartment at 4075 Van Dyke Ave. in the City Heights neighborhood. From 1968 to at least 1974, Maxine lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 2. She passed away in Ravenna, Nebraska on June 14, 2000.

Insufficient information was found about Maxine Keilig to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Edwin Sprecht Resident (apartment # 3), 1968 only

Edwin Sprecht was a resident of 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 3 in 1968 only. That year’s San Diego city directory does not list an occupation for him, and after extensive research, further information about Edwin could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Edwin Sprecht to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Arthur James Hannum Resident (apartment # 5), 1968 to at least 1974

From 1968 to at least 1974, Arthur James Hannum resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 5. The city directories from that time period indicate that he worked as an electronic engineer.

On January 13, 1923, Arthur was born in Woodland, California. According to the 1930 U.S. Census, Arthur and his two sisters lived in Woodland with their mother Agnes and their step-father, William D. Karman, who was a restaurant proprietor. Arthur attended the University of California at Berkeley in the early 1940's, where he was a member of the Tau Beta Pi fraternity.

Arthur filed at least two patents for electronic components in the 1950's and early 1960's, while he was employed with the Hughes Aircraft Company. They were for a pulse decoding circuit and coded magnetic binary recorders. Arthur passed away in Santa Monica, California on July 27, 2003.

Insufficient information was found about Arthur James Hannum to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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*B10. Significance - Criterion B (continued):

M.Z. Sontag Resident (apartment # 10), 1968 only

In 1968 only, an M.Z. Sontag lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 10. After researching this name on Ancestry.com, it has been determined that this was likely Marita Zoe Sontag. She was born on November 5, 1947 in Minnesota, and although the 1968 city directory does not list an occupation, later directories show that Marita worked as an airline stewardess. Marita moved frequently around San Diego in the 1970's and 1980's before eventually settling in Encinitas and Escondido. She passed away in Escondido in November 2009.

Insufficient information was found about M.Z. Sontag to determine he or she was historically significant for his or her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Marian L. Ziegler Resident (apartment # 16), 1968 to 1970

From 1968 to 1970, Marian L. Ziegler, a supervisor for Pacific Telephone, lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 16. After an extensive search, further information about this individual could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Marian L. Ziegler to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Stephen / Steven A. Vance Resident (apartment # 19), 1968 only

Stephen A. Vance lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 19 in 1968 only. That year's city directory indicates that he was serving in the Navy and shows his name spelled "Stephen" in the reverse portion, and "Steven" in the main listing. After an extensive search, further information about this individual could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Stephen / Steven A. Vance to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

James T. Berg and Nancy N. Berg Resident (apartment # 21), 1968 to 1970

From 1968 to 1970, James T. Berg and wife Nancy resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 21. The San Diego city directories from that time period do not list an occupation for either of them. After an extensive search, further information about this couple could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about James T. Berg and Nancy N. Berg to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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*Recorded by: Ronald V. May, RPA and Kiley Wallace *Date: June 2016 Continuation Update

*B10. Significance - Criterion B (continued):

John R. Singer Resident (apartment # 22), 1968 only

John R. Singer resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 22 in 1968 only. That year's city directory does not list an occupation for him. After an extensive search, further information about this individual could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about John R. Singer to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Mrs. Katharina M. Varney Resident (apartment # 1), 1969 to at least 1974

From 1969 to at least 1974, Mrs. Katharina M. Varney lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 1. She worked as an office secretary. In January 1969, Katharina and her husband Gale Norman Varney divorced (San Diego Union, January 4, 1969). After an extensive search, further information about Mrs. Katharina M. Varney could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Mrs. Katharina M. Varney to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Janet R. Kuhlman Resident (apartment # 3), 1969 to 1970

From 1969 to 1970, Janet R. Kuhlman, a service representative for Pacific Telephone, lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 3. After an extensive search, further information about Janet R. Kuhlman could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Janet R. Kuhlman to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

John E. Neill and Barbara W. Neill Residents (apartment # 8), 1969 to 1970

From 1969 to 1970, John E. Neill and Barbara W. Neill resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 8. During that time, John was serving in the Navy. After an extensive search, further information about the Neills could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about John E. Neill and Barbara W. Neill to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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*B10. Significance - Criterion B (continued):

Sandra M. Smith Resident (apartment # 10), 1969 to 1970

Sandra M. Smith resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 10 from 1969 to 1970. During that time she was employed as a librarian. After an extensive search, further information about her could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Sandra M. Smith to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Leonard H. Frey Resident (apartment # 17), 1969 to 1973

Leonard Hamilton Frey, a teacher at San Diego State College, resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 17 from 1969 to 1973.

Leonard was born around 1927, however, little about his early life could be found. He was a graduate of Dartmouth and taught in the English department of San Diego State College (now San Diego State University). Further information about this individual could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Leonard H. Frey to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Harry A. Trax Resident (apartment # 18), 1969 to 1971

Harry A. Trax, a senior planner with the County Planning Department, lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 18 from 1969 to 1971.

Harry Anthony Trax was born on June 20, 1934. In the early 1960’s, he and his wife Carol lived in Glendale, however, they divorced in 1969. That same year, Harry moved into apartment # 18 at 1740 Upas Street. After moving out of the subject resource in 1971, he moved to 11042 Sagittarius Road in the Mira Mesa neighborhood. Harry passed away on January 26, 2010.

Insufficient information was found about Harry A. Trax to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

William D. Huggins Resident (apartment # 19), 1969 to 1970

William D. Huggins resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 19, from 1969 to 1970. During that time he worked as a nurse at Sharp Memorial Hospital. Information about his early life could not be found. After he moved out of the subject resource, he lived at 6564 Lanston Street in the Linda Vista neighborhood. Further information about this individual could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about William D. Huggins to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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*B10. Significance - Criterion B (continued):

Philip Groc and Anne I. Groc Residents (apartment # 20), 1969 to 1970

Philip Groc and Anne I. Groc resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 20, from 1969 to 1970. During that time, Philip was serving in the Navy and Anne was a social worker with the County Welfare Department. Further information about this couple could not be found.

Insufficient information was found about Philip Groc and Anne I. Groc to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Henry J. Witkowski Resident (apartment # 22), 1969 to 1970 Resident (apartment # 14), 1971 to at least 1974

Henry Joseph Witkowski resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 22 from 1969 to 1970, and in apartment # 14 from 1971 to at least 1974. The city directories from that time period indicate that he was retired.

A native of Wisconsin, Henry was born on December 28, 1923. During World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, he served with the Marine Corps. He was awarded the Navy Cross for his service during World War II. According to his profile on http://valor.militarytimes.com:

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Corporal Henry J. Witkowski (MCSN: 312182), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty while serving with Company H, Second Battalion, Second Marines, SECOND Marine Division, during action against enemy Japanese forces at Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, Gilbert Islands, on 20 November 1943. Armed only with a makeshift charge of dynamite, Corporal Witkowski courageously made his way through heavy enemy fire to assault a pillbox which was preventing the landing of our reinforcements and, when the dynamite failed to explode, unhesitatingly ran directly to the firing port and placed a second charge, completely destroying the hostile emplacement. Corporal Witkowski's splendid initiative, aggressive determination and fearless devotion to duty in the face of grave peril undoubtedly save the lives of many men who otherwise might have perished and his indomitable fighting spirit was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.

At the time of his retirement from the Marine Corps, Henry had attained the rank of Lieutenant Corporal. On October 22, 1988, he passed away in San Diego, and is interred at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery on Point Loma.

Insufficient information was found about Henry J. Witkowski to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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*B10. Significance - Criterion B (continued):

R. Fletcher Little Resident (apartment # 3), 1971

R. Fletcher Little lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 3 in 1971 only. That year’s city directory does not list an occupation for him. An extensive search did not yield any further information about this individual.

Insufficient information was found about R. Fletcher Little to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Robert M. Pruess and Alice Pruess Residents (apartment # 8), 1971

Robert M. Pruess and Alice Pruess were residents of 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 8 in 1971 only. During that time, Robert worked as a planner for Convair. On August 16, 1921, Robert Morris Pruess was born in Whittier, California. His wife Alice McGough Pruess was born on September 30, 1919. During World War II he served in the Navy Air Corps and later was an aircraft employee at North Island Naval Air Station before working at Convair (San Diego Union- Tribune, August 17, 2006).

Robert and Alice divorced in 1971, the same year they resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 8. He then moved to an apartment at 4029 8th Ave. Alice passed away in 2005, and Robert passed away in San Diego on August 1, 2006. Further information about them could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Robert M. Pruess and Alice Pruess to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Frank Stephen Resident (apartment # 9), 1971

In 1971 only, Frank Stephen, a clerk for Pacific Southwest Airlines, lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 9. Further information about this individual could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Frank Stephen to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Nettie M. Park Resident (apartment # 10), 1971

Nettie Mae Park, a retiree, lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 10 in 1971 only. She was the mother of Norma Graham, who lived at 1740 Upas Street off and on from 1961 to 1971.

A native of Clark County, Kansas, Nettie was born on April 30, 1891. She grew up in Englewood, Kansas where her parents Ulysses and Emma were farmers. In 1911 she married Samuel Beaver Park and they had three children: Samuel Jr., Norma and Nona. In 1918, Nettie became a widow and by 1920 lived in Protection, Comanche County, Kansas where she was a farmer.

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*B10. Significance - Criterion B (continued):

By 1930 she had moved back to her hometown of Englewood, and she lived there until at least 1940. In 1971, Nettie lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 10. She passed away in San Diego on April 9, 1972.

Insufficient information was found about Nettie M. Park to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Mrs. Janice Britton Resident (apartment # 16), 1971

In 1971 only, Mrs. Janice Britton, a teacher at Castle Park High School in Chula Vista, lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 16. She then moved to 4854 Edgeware Road in the Kensington neighborhood. After an extensive search, further information about Mrs. Janice Britton could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Mrs. Janice Britton to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Rosemary Tauchen Resident (apartment # 19), 1971

Rosemary Tauchen, a retiree, lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 19 in 1971 only. That year’s San Diego city directory indicates that she was retired. Further information about Rosemary could not be found.

Insufficient information was found about Rosemary Tauchen to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Roger L. Anderson Resident (apartment # 22), 1971 to 1973

From 1971 to 1973, Roger L. Anderson resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 22. That year’s San Diego city directory does not list an occupation for him. A search did not yield any further information about this individual.

Insufficient information was found about Roger L. Anderson to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Adalberto Barrera and Rosalinda Barrera Residents (apartment # 3), 1972 and 1973

Adalberto Barrera and his wife Rosalinda were residents of 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 3 in 1972 and 1973. During that time, Adalberto was serving in the Navy. After an extensive search, further information about this couple could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Adalberto Barrera or Rosalinda Barrera to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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*B10. Significance - Criterion B (continued):

Carroll Schumann Resident (apartment # 4), 1972 to at least 1974 Carroll Schumann was a resident of 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 4 from 1972 to at least 1974. The San Diego city directories from that time period do not list an occupation for her. A search did not yield further information about this individual.

Insufficient information was found about Carroll Schumann to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

J. Madrigal and Irene Madrigal Residents (apartment # 8), 1972

J. Madrigal and wife Irene were residents of 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 8 in 1972 only. That year’s San Diego city directory indicates that J. Madrigal was serving in the Navy. Further information about this couple could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about J. Madrigal and Irene Madrigal to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

John G. Deal Resident (apartment # 10), 1972 to at least 1974

From 1972 to at least 1974, John G. Deal, a commercial photographer, resided at 1740 Upas St., apartment # 10. After an extensive search, further information about him could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about John G. Deal to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Mike Patrick and Ann Patrick Residents (apartment #12), 1972

Mike Patrick and Ann Patrick were residents of 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 12 in 1972 only. That year’s San Diego city directory does not list an occupation for either of them, and further information about the Patricks could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Mike Patrick and Ann Patrick to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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*B10. Significance - Criterion B (continued):

Dr. Harry Anscombe Resident (apartment # 16), 1972 to at least 1974

From 1972 to at least 1974, Dr. Harry Lewis Anscombe, a retired dentist, resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 16. Dr. Anscombe was born in Ontario, Canada on January 5, 1906. Around 1930 he graduated with a dentistry degree from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. He continued to practice dentistry in that city until approximately 1942, when he joined the Army. He was discharged in 1946 and during the 1950’s lived in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Anscombe lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 16 from 1972 to at least 1974, and died in San Diego on January 21, 1989.

Insufficient information was found about Dr. Harry Anscombe to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Lewis Stark Resident (apartment # 18), 1972

Lewis Stark, a retiree, was a resident of 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 18 in 1972 only. After an extensive search, further information about him could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Lewis Stark to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Jean L. Du Vigneaud Resident (apartment # 19), 1972

Jean Louis Du Vigneaud resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 19 in 1972 only. That year’s San Diego city directory does not list an occupation for him.

Jean was born on October 18, 1944 and attended St. Augustine High School in San Diego. He went on to attend the University of Santa Clara for engineering. In April 1972 he married Ann E. Molitor in San Diego. Further information about Jean could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Jean L. Du Vigneaud to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Mrs. Vesta M. Moreland Resident (apartment # 21), 1972 to at least 1974

Mrs. Vesta M. Moreland, a widow, resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 21 from 1972 to at least 1974. The San Diego city directories from that time period indicate that she was retired.

On February 11, 1903, Vesta Mae Gordinier was born in Burton, Kansas. Her father William was the proprietor of a barber shop there, and when Vesta was around five years old, her mother Mary Elizabeth passed away.

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Around 1928, Vesta married Wade Moreland and in 1930 they lived at 4187 Third Ave. in San Diego. During that time, Vesta was employed as a secretary. In 1956, Vesta was widowed and in the years after Wade’s death she moved around San Diego frequently. She settled at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 21 in 1972. Further information about her could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Mrs. Vesta M. Moreland to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Carl Wilkinson Resident (apartment # 23), 1972

In 1972 only, Carl Wilkinson resided in apartment # 23 of 1740 Upas Street. That year’s San Diego city directory indicates that he was in the Navy. After an extensive search, further information about this individual could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Carl Wilkinson to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

O. Melvin Kendall Resident (apartment #7), 1973

O. Melvin Kendall was a resident of 1740 Upas Street, apartment #7 in 1973 only, during which time he was employed as a manager with Pacific Western Securities, Inc. He was a retired Lt. Cmdr. in the Navy. In 1974 he moved to 4070 Loma Riviera Circle in Point Loma.

According to his obituary at http://www.legacyfuneralcare.com:

Ora Melvin entered this life on September 23, 1922 in Richmond, Indiana and entered into rest on August 5, 2011 at the age of 88 years, in La Mesa, California.

He will be deeply missed by his daughter Melissa Kendall Luebkeman (Ted) of El Cajon, CA, son William Melvin Kendall (Patricia) of Newport, WA, brother Emerson Porter Kendall of Newnan, GA, and sister Jean Kendall Perkins of Indianapolis, IN. His older sister, Mary Alice Birkla predeceased him.

He is also survived by his grandchildren, Kenneth Johnston Greene (Kristin), Christopher Chapman Greene (Stacy), Robert Charles Greene, William Donald Luebkeman, Heather Kendall Handlos (Mark) and David Kendall. Also, by many nieces and nephews, extended in-laws and friends. He also enjoyed having four great-grandchildren Joshua Greene, Zachary Greene, Matthew Greene and Kate Renee Greene, born August 1, 2011.

Melvin was so pleased to hear about her birth in the family. Sadly, he will never get to hold her in his arms. He was so proud to know that he had a great grand-daughter named Kate.

Ora Melvin (who his family and many friends called Mel) resided in the San Diego area for the past 60 years. He was a man with multiple interests, talents and careers. He especially enjoyed athletics and was able to play handball until he turned 84. He was a long time member of the San

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Diego Rowing Club.

He proudly served his country for over 20 years in the United States Navy. He attended Miami Jacobs College in Dayton, Ohio; Ball State in Muncie, Indiana, where he played basketball and where he enlisted into the United States Navy during World War II. At Western Michigan in Kalamazoo, Michigan he took his officer training in the V-1 program and played football while he was a student there. In early spring of 1944, he was pictured in a group training drill at the U.S. Naval Amphibious Training Base in Fort Pierce, Florida.

On April 13, 1944 Mel was graduated from the U.S. Naval Reserve Midshipmen’s School at Columbia University in New York, New York. On November 22, 1944 he attended the Transport Scout Intelligence School Training Command Amphibious Forces Pacific Fleet in San Diego, CA. and was promoted to a 2nd class, Transport Scout Intelligence Officer. He was then transferred to Maui, Hawaii as one of the swimming instructors for the Underwater Demolition Teams (UDT- 3) unit.

After WWII, Mel went on to finish his education at Leland Stanford Junior University in Palo Alto, CA receiving the Bachelor of Arts degree on June 13, 1948. As always, his main interest was in recreation, specifically, swimming, football and basketball. He played football for two years at Stanford before receiving his degree. After graduation, he was employed as the Director of Recreation for the City of Menlo Park, CA. He also assisted the Red Cross as a life-saving swim instructor.

At the breakout of the Korean War, he re-entered the service and was once again one of the instructors for the first Navy (Scouts and Raiders) frogmen. He was part of the UDT 3 team and saw a lot of action in Korea performing in many dangerous night time water demolition maneuvers. He became a lifetime member of the Scouts and Raiders.

After the Korean War, he officially moved back to San Diego from Northern California. He oversaw the design, instructed, and directed the very first commercial swimming school in San Diego. The Mission Valley School of Swimming, Inc. opened officially on June 21, 1954. In his later years he enjoyed attending the yearly Scouts and Raiders reunions in Fort Pierce, Florida.

Ora Melvin will be interred with military honors at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery in San Diego, California. His immediate family will be gathering for a family memorial service to honor him on what would have been his 89th birthday on September 23, 2011.

Insufficient information was found about O. Melvin Kendall to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Eric R. Schween Resident (apartment # 9), 1973 Resident (apartment # 20), 1974

Eric Randolph Schween resided in apartment # 9 in 1973 and apartment # 20 in 1974. The San Diego city directories do not list an occupation for him.

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Eric was born in Monterey, California on October 14, 1946. In the early 1970’s, Eric lived in Salinas, California. He graduated from Oregon State University and Western State University Law School in San Diego (Seattle Daily Times, August 24, 1976). During his time in San Diego he served with the Army National Guard. In 1976 he married Teresa Vonne Lecar and they settled in Solvang, California. By 1990, Eric lived in Wisconsin. Further information about him could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Eric R. Schween to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Richard J. Lettieri Resident (apartment # 12), 1973

Richard J. Lettieri was a resident of 1740 Upas Street, apartment #12 in 1973 only. That year’s San Diego city directory does not list an occupation for him, however, the 1972 directory indicates that he was serving in the Navy and lived at 3920 Leland St. Further information about him could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Richard J. Lettieri to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

E.J. Boulerice Resident (apartment # 18), 1973 and 1974

The 1973 and 1974 San Diego city directories list an E.J. Boulerice, a retiree, as residing at 1740 Upas Street, apartment #18. Further information about this individual could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about E.J. Boulerice to determine that he or she was historically significant for his or her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Stanley W. Hisaw Resident (apartment # 20), 1973

In 1973 only, Stanley Wayne Hisaw lived at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 20. That year’s San Diego city directory does not list his occupation, however, he is previously listed as serving in the Navy and residing at 4443 36th St. in Normal Heights.

Stanley was born in Lawton, Oklahoma on December 28, 1951 and passed away in Huntsville, Alabama on December 13, 2012. Further information about him could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Stanley W. Hisaw to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

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Mrs. Carol R. Davis Resident (apartment # 23), 1973

Mrs. Carol R. Davis was a resident of 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 23 in 1973 only. That year’s San Diego city directory does not list an occupation for her. Further information about Mrs. Carol R. Davis could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Mrs. Carol R. Davis to determine she was historically significant for her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

J.R. Westfall Resident (apartment # 3), 1974

In 1974 (and possibly longer), a J.R. Westfall resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 3. During that time he or she was serving in the Navy. Further information about this individual could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about J.R. Westfall to determine he or she was historically significant for his or her association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Scott O’Mara and Judy L. O’Mara Resident (apartment # 7), 1974

Scott O’Mara, an insurance representative for State Compensation Insurance Fund, resided at 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 7 along with his wife Judy in 1974 only. He is now an attorney in San Diego.

Scott was born around 1947, and on February 27, 1970 married Judy L. Herschleb in San Diego. He also graduated from the University of San Diego in 1970. Scott and Judy divorced in April 1974, the same year they resided at the subject property. In 1977 he graduated from Cabrillo Pacific School of Law.

According to his biography on http://law1199.com/html/omara.html:

Mr. O’Mara has engaged in successful litigation that has created new benefit expansion for safety officers in the area of the cancer presumption (Faust case), hernia presumption (Stanley case), and has protected the industrial leave Labor Code §4800.5 benefits (Escobar case). This has generated a substantial enhancement of benefits for all safety officers within the State of California.

Mr. O’Mara is stead fast and dedicated to the expansion and protection of the rights of all injured California workers. He began the practice of law in 1977 and initially worked in defending cases until 1982 at which time he commenced the exclusive representation of California injured workers.

Mr. O’Mara is a graduate of the University of San Diego (1970), the California Military Academy (1972), a commissioned Officer in the United States Army (1972) and a graduate of Cabrillo Pacific School of Law in 1977.

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He has served as an adjunct law professor at Thomas Jefferson School of Law, Assistant Professor at San Diego City College, and is the past President of the San Diego County Bar Workers’ Compensation Section. Mr. O’Mara specializes in workers’ compensation and retirement law for injured and disabled California workers.

Insufficient information was found about Scott O’Mara and Judy L. O’Mara to determine they were historically significant for their association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Robert N. Stevens Resident (apartment # 12), 1974

Robert N. Stevens was a resident of 1740 Upas Street, apartment # 12 in 1974 only. During that time he worked as an embalmer for Lewis Colonial Mortuary. Further information about him could not be located.

Insufficient information was found about Robert N. Stevens to determine he was historically significant for his association with 1740 Upas Street under Criterion B.

Conclusion. For the reasons stated above, Legacy 106, Inc. concludes that the Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments at 1740 Upas Street does not have associations with significant individuals to qualify for nomination under Criterion B.

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*B10. Significance - Criterion C:

Criterion C (Architectural Style): Embodies distinctive characteristics of a style, type, period, or method of construction or is a valuable example of the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship.

This Modernist style building is closely associated with the architectural style sometimes referred to as American International. Differentiated from European Modern architects like Corbusier who were creating a “machine for living” style of modernism, utilizing industrial materials such as concrete, steel, stark white stucco and aluminum, this was a more subdued style of modernism that utilized natural materials like wood, stucco and stone, along with glass. While also utilizing a structural skeleton and non-load bearing glass curtain walls like the European International style, this modern building uses steel I-beams for its columns, beams, fascia boards, and corrugated steel, stucco and concrete some wall panels. The idea of designing with nature aligned with Frank Lloyd Wright’s philosophy of Organic Modern architecture. Integration into the site was another hallmark of the style as opposed to the raised “sculpture on the landscape” preferred by the European International Modern style. This structure is well integrated into its hillside lot, integrated into the site and landscape design (a favorite Ruocco detail). The building uses fenestrations, outdoor patios, and large floor to ceiling moveable glass with wood sliding doors to blend indoor and outdoor spaces, similar to the modern California ranch style popular during the same time.

This building is a flat roofed modern style apartment house designed in 1959 by Master Architect Lloyd Ruocco and Master Architect Homer Delawie and built in 1960. It is an outstanding example of a Mid- Century architect designed modern apartment home. The building has a two- and three-story compound irregular form. The horizontal design and massing display a flat roof without parapet and wide eaves and an overhanging flat roof in the interior courtyard. The style of the building is the steel Post and Beam sub- type of Modernism. This building has load bearing post and beam construction which allows for the full length glass walls indicative of this style. This style was influenced by earlier and associated linear modern styles such as International, Contemporary, and Modern Ranch designs. The Post and Beam Modern style is mentioned and described in the City of San Diego Modernism Context which was developed to assess the value and relative significance of Modernist resources of the era. As expressed in the Context, "The buildings, sites and structures expressing the Modernist era are a crucial contributor to San Diego's rich and diverse continuum of cultural artifacts to appreciate." The building's setting is in the residential neighborhood area of North Park overlooking Balboa Park to the south.

Integrity Standards for Landmarking. The City of San Diego’s Historical Landmarking Policy focuses on what can be seen from the sidewalk, or public view, and that view must present “good” integrity. This term simply means high integrity would be no change since it was built and changes are a loss of integrity. Integrity is grounded in the property’s physical features and how they convey its significance. In other words, why, where, and when a property was built is important. Basically, the guidelines say that each property is recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. The degree to which changes impact the ability of a house to landmark is guided by whether or not the historic character of the property was retained and preserved. Some changes, if old enough, can achieve historical significance in their own right.

Ultimately, the question of integrity is answered by whether or not the property retains the identity for which it is significant. In evaluating a historic property, the City of San Diego uses the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties. Part VIII of the National Register Bulletin provides guidance on how to evaluate the integrity of a property by outlining seven values or tests. These values are the property’s Location, Design, Setting, Materials, Workmanship, Feeling, and Association. That document asserts that a property must possess some, if not most, of these aspects in order to meet the National Register’s threshold for integrity. Local jurisdictions use these aspects as guidelines, but often apply a less stringent threshold for local landmarking.

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The architecturally defining features that are supportive of historic landmarking are:

1. The emphasis horizontal massing; 2. The arrangement of the floor plan around the rear open connecting courtyards; 3. The horizontal bands of flush metal windows; 4. The minimal use of solid load bearing walls; 5. The strong interior and exterior balcony connections; 6. The rear facing interlocking floor plan with a rear patio courtyard area; 7. The direct expression of the structural system with extending steel support beams; 8. The ceiling to floor windows and sliding door; 9. The flat roof with cantilever at rear out over the rear walkways and stairways; 10. The custom details such as exposed cantilevered support and overlapping railing; 11. The simplified detailing and overall lack of applied ornamentation; 12. The prominent horizontal massing; 13. The integrated lower level covered breezeway with covered car port style parking on each side; 14. The buildings rectilinear form and façade; 15. The use of industrial building materials such as vertical corrugated balcony balustrade; 16. The large floor to ceiling glass doors and large windows blending the indoor and outdoor spaces; 17. The rhythm of the front façade consists of alternating modern glass windows, stucco and corrugated vertical metal balconies; 18. The open interior floor plans; 19. The wide enclosed eaves with smooth white stucco soffit; 20. The unadorned wall stucco facing all elevations of the multifamily housing complex; 21. The asymmetrical front and side elevation; 22. The stacked concrete block walls on the lower level with entryway and open parking; 23. The mature tropical landscaping seen in the rear courtyard.

The following are architectural changes that cause integrity loss:

 The monochromatic beige paint which covers all the exterior materials causing a loss of contrast between building materials (original Mid Century aqua is seen underneath in some areas) (paint color is not regulated by the city of San Diego);  The interior remodel which was completed by the original architect Homer Delawie and, based on site examination and review of the plans, mostly affected the interior walls (interior, outside of the public view);

Architectural Integrity. The primary concern for historical designation in the City of San Diego is whether or not a house retains good architectural integrity. Legacy 106, Inc. evaluates this question by applying a test of the seven aspects of architectural integrity listed by the federal Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historical Properties. The architecturally defining features to 1740 Upas Street are the truly important motifs and design elements that contribute to interpretation of this building as an architectural style. The exterior features are critical to historical designation. The interior features are significant to interpretation, but are not required for City of San Diego historical designation.

Architectural Integrity Analysis. The following is an analysis of the Integrity of the building's architecture.

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Architectural Integrity Analysis. The following is an analysis of the architecture.

Location. Location is the place where the historic property was constructed or the place where the historic event occurred.

Research shows the resource has not changed location at 1740 Upas Street since it was built in 1960. The house has excellent integrity of Location.

Design. Design is the combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or elements from other historic properties, will not be undertaken.

Analysis of the original architectural plans, building records and examination of the resource at 1740 Upas Street reveals all elevations closely match the original design of the two connecting multi family structures. This is an outstanding example of a Mid-Century Modern Post and Beam garden apartment complex designed by Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco. As seen in the building records and comparisons between current photos, the original 1959 plans and addition plans by original Master Architect Homer Delawie from 1981, only minimal floor plan changes have occurred. The Design element of this building is excellent.

Setting. Setting is the physical environment of a historic property. The setting is the larger area or environment in which a historic property is located. It may be an urban, suburban, or rural neighborhood or a natural landscape in which buildings have been constructed. The relationship of buildings to each other, setbacks, fence patterns, views, driveways and walkways, and street trees together create the character of a district or neighborhood.

As seen on the Sanborn fire insurance maps, the notice of completion and other research, the building's location and historic setting remains intact. The historic setting of the resource is on the northern edge of Balboa Park looking directly open the park with vistas of large tress, trails and landscaping. The homes sits on a street with small scale apartments/condos and bungalow courts that creates a unique variety of multifamily housing structures from after the 1915 Expo through the 1920's and into the 1940's and 1950's and include more recent contemporary structures on the same street. A 1950's residential street with multi-family residential construction located on a hillside overlooking Balboa Park in the North Park community of San Diego. The building was originally included in the University Heights neighborhood of San Diego but know this area is now included within the North Park community and is therefore described as North Park throughout this report. The surrounding neighborhood has retained this early walkable suburban setting with mostly multifamily structures clustered around the park and situated on large lots. The neighborhood setting has not substantially changed since its construction. The deep street setback and large landscaped lot of the apartment building match the neighborhood. The mature landscaping, open front multi space car ports and front entry sidewalk have all been retained. The building has excellent integrity of Setting.

Materials. Materials are the physical elements that were combined or deposited during a particular period of time and in a particular pattern or configuration to form a historic property. The Standards state that deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence.

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The original lack of applied decoration is evident in these Modernist garden apartment buildings. The exterior materials such as the painted steel structural beams and horizontal rectangular steel railing and simple stucco surfaced and painted lower level concrete block walls are intact and match the design as seen in the original elevation drawings. Significantly, the painted steel open beam structure has not been retrofitted and unfilled with fireproofing foam material coating. The original industrial corrugated steel balconies displays the two master architects' utilization of nontraditional surfacing materials in keeping with the International Modernist influences seen on the building. Also, large bands of flush aluminum windows and floor to ceiling glass doors are also important original materials that are intact and original. The structures also feature original and intact building materials throughout, such as the paneled extruded steel mesh patterned entry doors and exposed aggregate floating steps. The large floor to ceiling glass doors and windows blend the indoor and outdoor spaces and are an important intact hallmark of the California Modern Post and Beam style. Another important original architectural feature are the cantilevered balconies which extend unsupported on the upper levels with original industrial metal railing.

The weightless raised Modernist rectangular mass over thin simple columns is a key dominant characteristic of the front façade and these slim exposed beams are intact and the open concrete carport style parking remains open as the enclosure of this lower parking space would have been significant change of materials that remains intact and original. Extending steel beams and cantilevered steel balconies appear very original and other features such as the simple metal railing match the style and methods of construction of the mid century era. The front façade materials remain as designed consists of alternating extended metal balconies with corrugated vertical metal railing, juxtaposed with simple stucco walls and large metal windows and floor to ceiling doors. Although some of this alternating material rhythm of materials is lost in the non-contrasting monochromatic beige exterior paint, this lack of contrasting exterior paint is not seen as a significant loss of integrity as it can be easily rectified in the future, helping to give the buildings more of the contrasting rhythm of materials as seen in the original architectural rendering.

The exterior materials closely match the original design seen is architectural plans and renderings. Original intact features are also seen on side and rear elevations. Even mature tropical landscaping is original or is in keeping with the modern Post and Beam garden style seen in the original architectural rendering. The newer ceramic tile at the main entry appears to be the only visible non-original material. The Materials aspect of Integrity is excellent.

Workmanship. Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any given period in history or prehistory.

The building retains its modern expression of simple "honest" materials and workmanship and its lack of applied decoration or ornamentation. The Workmanship aspect of this structure reflects its time period of the late 1950's early 1960's and its Modernist style. The exterior finishes are clean, simple and feature materials such as steel I-beam structural columns, vertical corrugated steel, simple stucco and large glass windows and doors. This modern multi-family building retains its original open floating steel stairways, horizontal steel railings, three-story steel beams, geometric concrete block pattern walls and exposed aggregate concrete walkways. The welded steel workmanship seen on railings beams and railing throughout is of very good quality. Of particular note also is the utilization of simple concrete blocks to form repeating geometric patterns on the lower level uniform with repeating patterns on the concrete walls. The Workmanship aspect of Integrity is excellent.

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Feeling. Feeling is a property's expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time.

The multifamily residence in its present condition is well preserved and imparts the visitor with a realistic sense of modernism and the optimism of the exuberant post war era. This resource along with its neighborhood setting retain a strong historical sense of the renewed urban infill developments around Balboa Park in the late 1950's early 1960's. The feeling of a modern Post and Beam garden park apartment and the Mid Century Modern age are retained. The Feeling aspect of Integrity is excellent.

Association. Association is the direct link between an important historic event or person and a historic property.

Construction on the Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments began in 1959 and was completed in 1960. However, the resource is not found to be associated with significant events or persons. The Association aspect of Integrity is not applicable.

Conclusion: The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments meets six of seven aspects of integrity and can be said to have good architectural integrity for historical designation. Legacy 106, Inc. recommends the building for historical designation under Criterion C.

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*B10. Significance - Criterion D:

Criterion D (Work of Master): Is representative of a notable work of a master builder, designer, architect, engineer, landscape architect, interior designer, artist or craftsman.

Homer Delawie FAIA (1927-2009) Master Architect, 1959

According to the original architectural plans and other research for 1740 Upas Street, Homer Delawie designed the building with fellow architect Lloyd Ruocco. Homer Delawie is considered a Master Architect by the City of San Diego and had a lengthy career designing homes and commercial buildings in the city. His worked earned him several awards from the American Institute of Architects. He also served on San Diego’s planning commission for 13 years and as a Historic Resources Board member for 8 years.

A native of Santa Barbara, Homer Delawie was born in 1927. He enlisted in the Navy in 1945, and after World War II ended he returned to Santa Barbara. After about two years working as a firefighter for the U.S. Forest Service north of Los Angeles, Delawie decided to explore different career options. He said of this time, “I had never really planned a career because the war was going on. I had planned a military career out of necessity” (San Diego Business Journal, March 16, 1998).

Tests administered by the Veterans Administration led him to focus on a career in architecture. Taking advantage of the G.I. Bill, Delawie enrolled in the New School of Architecture at San Luis Obispo’s California Polytechnic College and was in its second graduating class. In 1951, he was the school’s first graduate to obtain a license to practice architecture. While vacationing in San Diego in the late 1950's, Delawie drove up Fifth Avenue in Hillcrest and was intrigued by the Design Center building, which housed the studios of modernist architect Lloyd Ruocco and his wife Ilse, an interior decorator. In 1958, Lloyd Ruocco offered Delawie a job in San Diego, and their first project as partners was a studio for the Channel 10 television station (San Diego Magazine, March 2007). During their three-year partnership, Delawie and Ruocco designed several homes and commercial structures in San Diego (Ibid.). In 1958, Delawie designed his personal residence, a 17’ wide home on a 25-foot lot on Torrance Street in the Mission Hills neighborhood. The modernist home earned him his first design award (San Diego Uptown News, July 1, 2009).

Homer Delawie cited Ruocco’s influence as important to developing his own award-winning style. Delawie said, “Lloyd’s work is very simple; it uses a lot of woods and glass. He has a tremendous respect for terrain, gardens and natural views” (Ibid.). In 1959, Delawie and Ruocco designed the 25-unit Park Garden Apartments at 1740 Upas Street, overlooking the northern edge of Balboa Park. It was constructed in 1960 by the Techbilt Construction Company and has since become a condominium complex, with each of the units individually owned. According to Delawie’s July 1, 2009 obituary in the San Diego Uptown News, “His Postwar Modern houses, uniquely featuring maximum expanses of glass walls and sliding-glass doors framed in cedar, embrace atrium gardens and private decks [emphasis added]. Some of his most dramatic hillside houses appear to float over lush canyons.” Indeed, Delawie and Ruocco incorporated atrium gardens and private balconies and patios into their design of the Park Garden Apartments at 1740 Upas Street.

In 1961, Delawie left his partnership with Ruocco and opened his own firm with $800. In the beginning, he was its sole employee, but by the late 1990’s, the firm of Delawie Wilkes Rodrigues Barker & Bretton Associates AIA had nearly 40 employees (San Diego Business Journal, March 16, 1998). The firm is responsible for designing several high-profile projects, including the penguin exhibit at Sea World, the Pechanga Resort and Casino and the Legoland California Hotel.

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Homer Delawie retired in 1997 and that same year he was presented with a lifetime contribution award from the AIA California Council. He received a similar award from Save Our Heritage Organization in 2002. He passed away in June 2009. In 2012, the firm he founded in 1961 rebranded itself and is now known simply as Delawie. The office is located at 1515 Morena Blvd. in San Diego.

The following is a list of homes and commercial buildings designed by Homer Delawie and is courtesy of the Modern San Diego website. Delawie’s collaborations with Lloyd Ruocco are listed first in bold:

 Upas Garden Apartments (1960) - 1740 Upas Street. Originally known as the Park Garden Apartments. Designed by Ruocco & Delawie. The original plans are included in this report.  Anthony’s Fish Grotto restaurant (1960) - 9530 Murray Drive, La Mesa. Designed by the office of Ruocco & Delawie. The building is discussed in a San Diego Union article from March 13, 1960.  Burke, Jack Residence (ca. 1960), 2322 Hartford Street in Bay Park Designed by the office of Ruocco & Delawie  Feller Residence (1960) - 3377 Charles Street, Point Loma Designed by the office of Ruocco & Delawie. Historically designated in 2007 (HRB # 844).  Foster (AKA Hillside House) Residence (1960) - 3343 Poe Street, Point Loma Designed by the office of Ruocco & Delawie  Delawie Residence #1 - "Boxcar House" (1958) - 1773 Torrance Street in Mission Hills This home was the personal residence of Homer Delawie and his family, and won the Award of Excellence, AIA San Diego in 1960.  Anderson Residence - 2001 Wilbur Street, Point Loma  Andrusson, Uno Residence (1967) - 4726 Panorama Drive in North Park  Art Linkletter Housing Tract (ca. 1962-63). Houses on East Washington Avenue and Wichita, El Cajon  Burke Residence on El Paseo Grande in La Jolla  Cate Residence (1966) - 4440 Brindisi Street, Ocean Beach  Charlton Residence on Via Capri in La Jolla  J. Clark Residence in Mission Hills  M. Clark Residence on Country Club Lane in La Jolla  Collins Residence in La Jolla  Crist/La Point Residence in Hillcrest  Delawie Architectural Office Building (1962) at 2827 Presidio Drive The building won the Award of Excellence AIA, San Diego Chapter in1962.  Delawie Residence II (1963) - 1833 Neale Street, Mission Hills. Historically designated in 2009 (HRB # 905).  Delawie Residence #3 (1974) - 2749 Azalea Drive, Point Loma. Historically designated in 2007 (HRB # 845).

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 Delbeco Residence on Hillside Drive in La Jolla  Del Cerro Residence (November, 1961) at 5657 Del Cerro Avenue 'Del Cerro Residence Study, Owner - Schreiber Const. Co. by Delawie AIA Architects, San Diego, California'. This home includes an addition 'Addition to the Mr. & Mrs. Raymond C. Adler Residence by James E. Hurley AIBD, Building Designer (while his office was at 7870 La Mesa Blvd. La Mesa, CA dated 12/19/68'  Fredman Residence (1988) - 969 Coast Blvd. South, La Jolla  Frivaldsky Residence (1962) - 1945 Balboa, Del Mar  Godfrey Residence (1960) - 2218 Vallecitos, La Jolla  Goldzband, Dr. Mel Residence (1964) - 4709 La Rueda, Mt. Helix  Hawkins, William Residence (1963) - 6949 Fairway Road, La Jolla  Hine Residence in La Jolla  Hoffman-Munoz Residence (1964) - 9339 Crest, Spring Valley  Hurley Residence (1965) - 1442 Yaqui Road, Borrego Springs  Jackson Residence - El Paseo Grande, La Jolla  Jacobs, Dan & Roslyn Residence (1967) - 8518 Calle De Buena Fe, El Cajon  Johnston Residence in Rancho Santa Fe  Kattleman Residence in Mission Hills  Kratz, Hugh and Karen Residence (1964) - 1660 Froude, Ocean Beach  Russell and Rosemary Lanthorne / Homer Delawie House (1963) - 7520 Mar Avenue, La Jolla. Historically designated in 2013 (HRB # 1105).  Legro, Stanley Residence (designed ca. 1971, built ca. 1973) in Rancho Santa Fe  Lincoln Residence in Borrego Springs  Mannis, Ruth Residence (1965) - 446 Jacaranda Drive, Chula Vista  Marshall Residence at 2767 Hidden Valley Road in La Jolla  McNitt Residence in La Jolla  Mexico Pacific Shop (1964) - 2729 (or 2723?) San Diego Avenue in Old Town State Historic Park Recognized at the 1964 United Masonry Association of San Diego Award. Demolished.  Nichols Residence (1962) - 2682 Idle Hour Lane, La Jolla  Petersen, Captain & Mrs. A.J. Residence (1963) - 1010 Glorietta Blvd., Coronado  Peyke Residence in La Jolla Shores  Platt Residence in Bankers Hill  Playa Del Oro Apartments at 8111 Camino Del Oro in La Jolla  Porter, David Apartments (1962) - 3525 Bayside, Mission Beach  Porter, David Office Building in Pacific Beach

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*B10. Significance - Criterion D (continued):

 Randolph Residence - 4551 Newport Avenue, Ocean Beach  Ricketeson Residence (1960) - 11819 Johnson Lake Drive, Lakeside  Sandell Residence on Sunset Blvd. in Mission Hills  Saunders Residence (1968) - 3044 Sterne Street, Point Loma  Scholander Residence on Paseo Del Ocaso in La Jolla  Schrock Residence (Spec House) in La Jolla  Schroeder Residence in San Pasqual Valley  Private Residence on Puterbaugh Street in Mission Hills  Senterfit Residence (1960) - 1404 Franciscan Way, University Heights  Slayen Residence (1963) - 4293 Jackdaw Street, Mission Hills  Smith Residence in Pacific Beach  Styner Residence in Ocean Beach  Swanson Residence (1973) - 1887 Viking Way, La Jolla  Thompson Medical Library in the Naval Hospital, Balboa Park (1968)  Tract Housing Design (ca. 1965) - Poway and Mt. Soledad  Wasserman Residence in La Jolla  Westphal Residence (1963) - 4285 Jackdaw Street, Mission Hills  Private Residence (1960) - 3343 Poe Street  Private Residence (extensive remodel) (1965) - 3437 Jackdaw, Mission Hills  Private Residence (1971) - 1660 Cloverdale Road, Escondido

In addition to the above mentioned residences, Homer Delawie also designed numerous other projects. The following list was compiled by consultants Marie Burke Lia, Attorney at Law and Kathleen A Crawford, M.A. History and was included in their historic nomination report for 7520 Mar Avenue in La Jolla:

Civic Projects:  Plaza de Balboa, Balboa Park, San Diego  San Diego Police Administration and Technical Center, San Diego  James R. Mills Building, San Diego  Coronado Library, Coronado  Thompson Medical Library, Balboa Hospital, San Diego

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Educational Projects:

 San Diego School of Creative and Performing Arts, San Diego  Scripps Ranch High School, Scripps Ranch  San Diego City College, Beautification Project, San Diego  University of California, San Diego, Marshall College Residence Halls, La Jolla  University of California, San Diego, Warren College Residence Halls, La Jolla  University of California, San Diego, Canyon Vista Dining Terrace, La Jolla  University of California, Irvine, Group Housing, Irvine  University of California, Irvine, Computer Science Building, Irvine

Medical Projects:  University of California, San Diego, Perlman Ambulatory Care Center, La Jolla  San Diego Hospice, San Diego

Naval Projects:  North Island Barracks, North Island, San Diego  Submarine Training Facility, San Diego  Submarine Operations Training Facility, San Diego

Museum and Community Projects:  M. L. Lawrence Family Jewish Community Center, San Diego  Reuben H. Fleet Space and Science Center, Balboa Park, San Diego

Zoological and Aquarium Projects:  Elephant and Giraffe Enclosures, San Diego Zoological Society, San Diego  Shark Exhibit, SeaWorld, San Diego  Shark Encounter, SeaWorld, Florida  Penguin Exhibit, SeaWorld, San Diego

Master Planning Projects:  Old Ferry landing, Coronado  United States Navy Broadway Master Plan, San Diego  Tel Aviv Zoo, Tel Aviv, Israel

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Lloyd Ruocco FAIA (1907-1981) Master Architect, 1959

Lloyd Ruocco, FAIA (pronounced Rue-ah-kho) was a Master Architect and pioneer in post-war “Mid Century Modernism” in San Diego. He distinguished himself with the College of Fellows, American Institute of Architects, Washington, D.C. for his fresh approach with glass, wood, native stone and steel to bring the “outside in” by siting residences within landscapes. He achieved this effect with extensive use of glass walls and reflecting pools, landscaping, and indoor plants.

Ruocco was born in Portland, Maine on December 1, 1902 (Ruocco 1974). His parents immigrated from across the Atlantic to North America to make their lives. The Ruoccos may have met and married in the United States, as his mother came from England and father from Italy. However, Samuel W. Hammill noted, that Lloyd “could hardly be more British” in speech or demeanor (Ruocco 1980:1; Hammill 1983:2). The 1930 United States Census lists his father and mother, Raffaele and Estel as age 46, Lloyd age 22, sister Marea age 19, and Ralph age 15 (Sheet 6b). Both Marea and Ralph were born in Canada and became naturalized United States citizens. Lloyd had no children, but nieces and nephews still live in San Diego.

He graduated from San Diego High School in 1929 (Ruocco Resumé). At the time of the 1930 United States Census, Marea worked for the Chamber of Commerce as an artist and Ralph worked at the family poultry ranch near La Mesa. Lloyd later dropped “Pietro” from his name for simplification. His early life is not well documented, but at some point after high school he went to work as a draftsman for $0.25 an hour at the architectural firm of Requa and Jackson. He met and drew for apprentice architects Samuel Hammill and Lillian Rice, who provided insightful professional guidance (Hammill 1983:3). When Requa and Mead assigned Rice to design Spanish Eclectic style houses in Rancho Santa Fe, Ruocco went along to finish the drawings. Through these working relationships, Hammill and Rice recommended Ruocco apply to the University of California, Berkeley to obtain a degree in architecture. By then, Ruocco devoted time studying Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City Movement and developed a passion for immersing residents in landscaping.

One day in the 1920s, Raffaele T. Ruocco walked into Requa and Jackson to demand their support of his son if his family were to send him to architectural school. Requa, Jackson, Hammill, Rice and Lloyd Ruocco discussed the opportunity with him. Hammill and Rice strongly recommended their alma mater at the University of California, Berkeley and Requa and Jackson offered a letter of recommendation based on his drafting experience. Ruocco went on to graduate with a Bachelor of Arts at Berkeley with honors in 1933 and then returned to work with Requa and Jackson. During World War II, he took a job with the United States Navy and worked at a National City shipyard as a draftsman assisting marine architects in designing piers and ship design (Hammill and Britton 1980:1; Ruocco Resumé). Among the more innovative projects was the design of cast concrete ships that were actually built on North Island and used in the war.

Ruocco differed dramatically in style from Requa, Jackson, Rice and Hammill. He favored the designs of Frank Lloyd Wright, Mies Van der Rohe, Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier. These architects greatly influenced his ideology of stripping away “appliqué” fenestration (Ruocco 1980:1; Hammill 1983:4). Another great influence, Rafael Soriano advocated Ruocco embrace the “Modern Movement” of the 1940s, which adapted from the European Internationalism of the pre-war 1930s and 1940s. As though modernists advanced the best of the earlier Arts and Crafts Movement, Internationalists adapted nature to earthy homes comprised of artfully crafted woods, concrete and native stone with airy open rooms and

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large glass doors oriented to capture light. During his education, Ruocco traveled to study architecture in Finland, Denmark, Italy, Sweden, England, Germany, France, Spain, Portugal, Russia and Switzerland (Ruocco Resumé).

Hammill remembered Ruocco as “a rebel at heart,” who conceived visionary projects of the future (Hammill 1983:5-6). One such Ruocco design captured attention in the September 17, 1944 issue of the San Diego Union with the title, “La Mesa Studies Spectacular Post War Plan Which Would Make It America’s Model City.” Ruocco initiated designs for Grossmont Center at least a decade before Del Webb built it.

In the late 1940s while working for Hammill, Ruocco met Ilse Hammill. They shared mutual interests in bringing together a wide range of modern arts. She had a Master of Arts and taught pottery and sculpture at San Diego State College at the time. Through their conjoined forces, they changed the art scene in San Diego. Both were greatly inspired by Grobius, who developed The Bauhaus in 1914 Germany to draw painters, sculptors, theater and dancers, jewelers, carpenters, furniture makers, metal smiths, glass blowers, engineers and architects together to create an enriched quality of life. They married and acquired a parcel of land in La Mesa, not far from his father’s poultry ranch (Ruocco 1950). With scrap lumber and plumbing parts from the ranch, Ruocco excavated into a hill and designed and built a redwood, concrete, and native granite home tucked into the earth and flush with plants with high ceilings and large windows (Ruocco 1950; 1980). Their spacious living room became a gathering point for artist like Belle Baranceanu, Thomas Burns Robertson, Fred Hocks, and Dan Dickey.

Traditional architects like Hammill strained to understand Ruocco and they soon split. The Ruoccos acquired a steep property off 5th Avenue, where he designed The Design Center to serve as his office, her furniture and pottery studio, and the “nucleus for all arts in 1945” (Ruocco 1980:1). The creative meeting group formed the “Allied Arts Council” and named Ruocco their speaker for his eloquence and public speaking skills (Robertson 1993:26). This evolved into the “Contemporary Arts Committee” and then “Allied Craftsmen” (Ruocco 1980:1). Robertson later commented it was “one of the most Utopian things to happen in San Diego” (Robertson 1993:40).

Ruocco continued to work with Hammill on projects, as they were family. He also designed three homes for Ilse’s sister, Rita, and her District Attorney husband, Don Keller (Ruocco 1980:2). These homes were located in National City, Point Loma, and La Jolla Farms. Ilse expanded her studio to interior design for Lloyd’s clients. She provided an outlet for other Allied Craftsmen to produce modernist furniture, textiles, and jewelry for those homes.

Hammill recalled inviting Ruocco to join the design team for the Civic Center Concourse and Plaza. Although Ruocco supervised the project, he often fought with William Rosser and Sheldon Kennedy. Ruocco and Rosser especially aired their disagreements with Hammill (Hammill 1983:30). In spite of Ruocco’s desire to design the theater devoid of appliqué, the City Council funded Judson and Ellamarie Woolsey to design and install appliqué copper lighting ornaments, but cut funding for other ornamentation (Hammill 1983:8). Ruocco published his thoughts on this project in two issues of San Diego Magazine (Ruocco [April] 1964:79; [January] 1965:59-60).

Ruocco considered himself a “Wrightian” architect and incorporated Frank Lloyd Wright’s concepts for piping hot water through cast concrete slabs to heat interiors, install open circular fireplaces, and create large open rooms with step down amphitheaters for conversation (Ruocco 1980:2). He and Ilse built their home around natural granite boulders exposed when he dug out the hillside. Their staircase was a natural log with cast concrete steps secured with wrought iron bars. Built-in cupboards, bookshelves, cabinets,

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and conveniences served rooms at varied levels with interior plants to render an earthy living place. When Interstate 8 construction took out their La Mesa home, they accepted State Division of Highways mitigation for a free lot at 5481 Toyon Road in Alvarado Estates. Ruocco had previously designed a Wright-inspired modular home for a Home Show in Balboa Park that lay in pieces under The Design Center and they reconstructed it for their new house.

I know our house in La Mesa we called The Cave because Lloyd decided to dig out the side of a hill and to make a wall which was made of sand and adobe, sort of a mud wall mixed with cement, and they were twenty-four inches thick. It was really a very exciting house…with glass following the contour of the granite…some people thought Lloyd was just a little mad and you were a little mad, too, to put up with such a house, but everyone who knew you well and knew your mind knew it was a great experience (Ruocco 1980:3).

Hammill believed, “Ruocco was innovative and creative…above all, he was a visionary” (Hammill 1980:1). Ruocco designed The Children’s Zoo in Balboa Park pursuant to his Garden City Movement ideals, where people could walk among plants and animals in a sense of natural experience as though they were in the country (Hammill 1980:6-7). He published these ideas in the September 1958 issue of San Diego Magazine and January 1962 American Institute of Architects Omniart. Hammill reported Ruocco said:

A really important question is whether a city exists at all without its most important treasures being at its center. And to be treasures, they must do a lot more than be merely practical. They must be surprisingly good and easily loveable. One should feel thankful for being a citizen of such a city (Hammill 1980:7)

Ruocco inspired the Allied Craftsmen to collaboratively design community exhibits to bring their message to the public. Robertson recalled they designed “Art, Utility and You” in 1951, which brought together helpful appliances. Critics called it, “The Eggbeater Show,” but it was a great success (Robertson 1993:34). They organized many art displays, instilled a sense of the Modernist Movement in public art, and encouraged educational programs in universities, colleges and public schools.

Little is known of Ruocco’s custom commissions during his early years, as all effort has gone into preserving those master works he presented to the College of Fellows, American Institute of Architects for jury review. As one of his many friends and aficionados, Kay Kaiser has taken on the task of pulling together surviving information concerning Ruocco’s life and career to be published in a future book (Kaiser 2003). Erik Hanson, ex officio Save Our Heritage Organisation board member, advised Legacy 106, Inc. to speak with Kaiser about a home at 5310 Canterbury Drive for her expertise on the topic.

There seems to be no single list of all Ruocco’s architectural creations. In a résumé prepared for a client proposal, he listed the Civic Center Concourse and Plaza, the Pioneer Church in Claremont, the KOGO Station on Highway 94, and two homes as examples of his work. The latter included the Howard Chernoff House on Trias Street in Mission Hills and the Sheldon House on Oxford Avenue. A photograph in his résumé portfolio at the San Diego History Center shows a storeroom loaded with dozens of rolled up architectural designs. Ruocco designed an unknown number of homes in San Diego, but the plans and records no longer exist. According to Homer Delawie, FAIA, Ilse Ruocco destroyed some of those documents after Lloyd developed Alzheimer’s disease and became difficult (February 2, 2003). Kaiser believes it was the executor and Ruocco relatives, rather than Ilse who destroyed the records and plans. Whoever is correct, the fact remains that future architectural research will have to uncover all the buildings designed by Ruocco.

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The best compilations of Ruocco records known to exist are those assembled by Delawie and Ruocco to substantiate his nomination to the College of Fellows, American Institute of Architects (AIA). Delawie and other colleagues advanced Ruocco’s nomination. Thomas Robertson, writer and art critic for San Diego Magazine, donated all his files and the nomination photographs to the San Diego Historical Society. This material included an unpublished book, letters and cards written to Ruocco following a 1952 television interview promoting modular homes, copies of a résumé and publications. Ruocco designed Robertson’s own home on Randolph Street in Mission Hills. Although late in his career, his peers at the AIA conferred upon him the title of Fellow, primarily for his inspired design of the Geophysics Building at University of California, San Diego and Scripps Campus (Hammill 1980:12).

Another legacy that owes its existence to Ruocco is Citizens Coordinate for Century 3 (Hammill 1980:11- 12). Hammill reported he expressed grave concern for the future of American cities. Ruocco firmly supported urban planning and encouraged public participation. As time advanced and Ruocco suffered further from the effects of Alzheimer’s Disease, he and Ilse created the Ruocco Foundation to fund the San Diego Community Foundation with an endowment trust, corpus intact, that would create at least one “indented retreat” or pocket-park with plants and shade in downtown San Diego and to create educational programs to encourage “thoughtful urbanism” (Robertson 1993:43). The fund helped to build Ruocco Park which was completed in 2012 of 3.3 acres of San Diego's waterfront near downtown. Another recipient of this endowment has been the development of the Ilse Memorial Design Library at San Diego State University and contributions of urban design, landscaping and architecture books to libraries around San Diego.

In recent years, surviving friends of the Ruoccos and new aficionados of Mid Century Modern architecture have gathered together to study his legacy. A number of architects, collectors of modernist furnishings, artists, and authors have been meeting and sharing email on the life and architectural monuments known to exist. Information presented on various internet sites has generated a following of people interested in purchasing and restoring pedigreed houses designed by Ruocco, Sim Bruce Richards, Rudolph Schindler, and others. According to York, these aficionados require some sort of legal document or first- hand evidence to document the architect’s association with the house.

The following is a list of homes and commercial buildings designed by Homer Delawie and is courtesy of the Modern San Diego website. Ruocco’s collaborations with Homer Delawie are listed first in bold:

 Upas Garden Apartments (1960) - 1740 Upas Street. Originally known as the Park Garden Apartments. Designed by Ruocco & Delawie. The original plans are included in this report.  Anthony’s Fish Grotto restaurant (1960) - 9530 Murray Drive, La Mesa. Designed by the office of Ruocco & Delawie. The building is discussed in a San Diego Union article from March 13, 1960.  Burke, Jack Residence (ca. 1960), 2322 Hartford Street in Bay Park Designed by the office of Ruocco & Delawie  Feller Residence (1960) - 3377 Charles Street, Point Loma Designed by the office of Ruocco & Delawie. Historically designated in 2007 (HRB # 844).  Foster (AKA Hillside House) Residence (1960) - 3343 Poe Street, Point Loma Designed by the office of Ruocco & Delawie

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 Amrein Residence (1956) - 5020 Yerba Santa Drive, Alvarado Estates, San Diego  Arenson Residence (1970) - 4727 Avion Road, Alvarado Estates, San Diego  Avocado Professional Group Medical and Dental Center (1971) - 230 Avocado, El Cajon  Baranov, Nate Residence (1948) - Del Mar  Baranov, Sylvan Residence I (1948) - 736 Armada Terrace, Point Loma  Baranov, Sylvan Residence II (1971) - 3576 Via Las Flores  Barwick Residence (1955) - 3260 Kenora Drive, Spring Valley  Bauman, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Residence (1955) - 3615 Dorothy Way, College Area, San Diego  Beers, Mr. & Mrs. Wm. N. Residence (1954, remodeled in 1964) - 631 N. Crescent Drive, Mission Hills  Burnett, George Residence (early '60s) - 3223 Zola Street, Point Loma  Burnett, William Residence (1971) - 3576 Via Flores, Point Loma  California Exposition (1935) - Balboa Park  California Steel Building (1965) - Main Street  Chernoff, Howard and Melva Residence (1962) - 4522 Trias Street, Mission Hills  City Concourse Plaza (1964) - Front Street, Downtown  Clitsome Residence (1938) - 2228 33rd Street, South Park  Cole Residence (1952) - Briercrest section of La Mesa  County Administration Building (1933) - 1600 Pacific Coast Highway  Design Center, The (1949) - 3611 5th Avenue, Hillcrest  Edel Residence (1963) - 1317 Windridge Drive, El Cajon  Garden Villa Exposition House (1935) - Balboa Park *temporary exposition house, later rebuilt as part of Solari  Greene, Ethel Residence (1946) - Helix Street, Spring Valley  Grossmont Spec House / also referred to as the Ishikawa Residence (1969) - 5609 Lakewood Drive, La Mesa *Demolished  Herrera Residence (1970) - 1108 Dawnridge Avenue, El Cajon  Holmgren, Richard Residence (1948) - 10037 Ward Lane, La Mesa  Institute of Geophysics & Geoplanetary Sciences (1964) - 8602 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla  International Center (1971) - UC San Diego  Jacobson, Mr. & Mrs. Isadore Residence (1948) - 9175 Lavell Street, La Mesa  Jackson, Marvin Residence (1949) - 4421 Mayapan Drive, El Cajon  Jones, Mr. Burton I. Residence (1949) - 9830 Edgelake Drive, La Mesa. Historically designated.  Kaye, Peter Residence (1956) - 240 Ocean View Avenue, Del Mar

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 Keller Residence #1 (1942) - 3039 F Street, National City  Keller Residence #2 (1947) - 1433 Puterbaugh Street, Mission Hills  Keller Residence #3 (1963) - 9405 La Jolla Farms Road, La Jolla  KOGO-AM/FM/TV (1958) - 47th & Highway 94, San Diego  Lange, Mitchell & Marian Residence (1951) - 6051 Folsom Drive  Lemon Avenue Elementary (1957) - 8787 Lemon Avenue, La Mesa  Libby Residence (1965) - La Jolla  Lillie Residence (1958) - 4410 Carmen Drive, La Mesa  Linton, Russ Residence (1955) - 2524 44th Street *Attribution  Mills Office Building (1964) - 4th & Nutmeg  Mitchell, Alfred Residence (1937) - 1500 Block of 31st Street, South Park  Montgomery Memorial Park (1962)  Nelson Residence (1958) - 630 N. Crescent Drive, Mission Hills  Pioneer Congregational Church (1966) - 4905 Jellett / 2550 Fairfield Street, Clairemont  Private Residence (1954) - 1440 Puterbaugh Street, Mission Hills  Private Residence (1972) - Toyon Road  Private Residence (1950) - 4351 Ridgeway Drive, Kensington  Private Residence (1945) - 7100 Lakewood Drive  Private Residence (1962) - 7245 Rue de Roark  Private Residence (1960) - 9155 Wister, La Mesa  Private Residence (1950) - Marylouise  Private Residence (1952) - 3252 Hawk Street, Mission Hills  Private Residence - 2417 Pine Street, Mission Hills  Private Residence (1959) - 2021 Rodelane Street  Private Residence (1949) - Arnott  Rabinowitz Residence (1952) - 2034 Sunset Drive, Mission Hills  O'Connor Residence (1942) - 4245 Randolph, Mission Hills  Roberston, Tom Residence (1947) - 3920 Pringle Street  Ruocco Residence #1 'Il Cavo' (1945) - 1900 La Sievida, La Mesa *Demolished  Ruocco Residence #2 'Solari' (1958) - 5481 Toyon Road, Alvarado Estates, San Diego  Salik, Mr and Mrs Charles Residence (1957) - 2110 Guy Street, Mission Hills

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 Sanborn Residence (1949) - Point Loma  San Diego Children's Zoo (1957-1961) including Children's Zoo Entry Dome (1955)  San Diego Civic Theater (1965) - 1100 Third Avenue, San Diego  Security First National Bank (1961) - Carlton Hills Road, Santee  Shelton Residence (1964) - 1100 Oxford Avenue  Silver Wing Monument (1946) - Border Field Park  Southwest Onyx & Marble Co. (1966) - Crosby Street, National City  Spitzer, Lillian Residence (1949) - 7256 West Point Avenue, La Mesa  St. Andrews Episcopal Church (1963) - 1050 Thomas Street, Pacific Beach  St. Phillips Episcopal Church (1962) - Hardy Road  U.S. Navy Lounge & Bar (1966) - Ream Field  Watts Office Building (1964) - 2970 Main Street  Wexler, Sidney & Henrietta Residence (1964) - 10088 Sierra Vista, La Mesa  Yates Residence (1959) - 15187 Las Planideras Road, Rancho Santa Fe

Conclusion: The Homer Delawie and Lloyd Ruocco Park Garden Apartments at 1740 Upas Street was designed and constructed in 1959 in the Mid Century Modern Post and Beam architectural style and construction was completed in 1960. The resource is representative of the notable work of Master Architect Lloyd Ruocco and has a high level of integrity. The building is also an excellent significant example of the work of Master Architect Lloyd Ruocco in San Diego when he was building larger, more complex projects and was developing his distinctive modernist Post and Beam style. The resource embodies distinctive elements of both Lloyd Ruocco's and Homer Delawie's style of Mid Century Modern Post and Beam architecture. The building is an important example of their architectural skill and design in 1959/1960.

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Paul K. Tchang / Techbilt Construction Company Builder, 1960

A native of Kunming, Yunnan Province, China, Paul K. Tchang was born on December 3, 1922. He passed away in San Diego on January 27, 2013. Paul was the son of an official in Kunming who helped found Yunnan University. After attending high school in France, Paul received his bachelor of science and master of science degrees in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1947 he received an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School (San Diego Union-Tribune, February 3, 2013).

According to his daughter Jenny Tchang Frost, Paul first became intrigued by home construction as he watched his first home being built in Levittown, New York (Ibid.). After becoming a U.S. citizen in 1955, Paul started a construction company in Stamford, Connecticut. He and his wife Rose Sun Tchang moved to Palmdale, California the following year to escape the harsh northeastern winters (Ibid.). In Palmdale, the Tchangs started the Techbilt Construction Company. Paul purchased land in San Diego for a 100-unit project for VA/FHA starter homes, and he and Rose moved here permanently in 1959.

In late 1959, Techbilt began construction on the Park Garden Apartments at 1740 Upas Street. Designed by master architects Homer Delawie FAIA and Lloyd Ruocco FAIA, the building was completed in 1960. Techbilt appears as the contractor on the subject resource’s original sewer permit from December 1959.

Paul worked as the head of Techbilt six days a week for nearly fifty years. During that time, the company was responsible for constructing nearly 15,000 homes in the San Diego region, from entry-level to luxury, and had begun a 3,800-home master-planned community called Meridian Ranch in Colorado. He was the developer of the 300-acre La Jolla Alta on Mount Soledad in the late 1960’s. Along with Theodore Gildred Sr., Paul developed Lomas Santa Fe in Solana Beach in the 1960’s, creating the Lomas Santa Fe Golf Course and constructing nearly 1,000 homes. Techbilt also developed subdivisions in Kearny Mesa, Clairemont, University City, and Pacific Beach. The company branched out into building industrial parks, and in the 1980’s constructed the 180-acre Carlsbad Oaks Business Park and Tech Business Center. In the 1990’s, Techbilt developed the Poway Corporate Center (San Diego Union-Tribune, February 15, 2013).

In addition to heading Techbilt, Paul was active with several construction industry professional organizations. He was a board member of the San Diego County Building Industry Association, the Pacific Coast Builders Conference, the San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce, and the California Building Industry Association (CBIA). He was inducted into the CBIA’s Hall of Fame in 2001. He also served on the boards of the San Diego Museum of Man, Francis Parker School and Scripps Memorial Hospital.

Through the Tchang Family Foundation, Paul helped fund a program through the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Sloan School of Management to train MBA faculty at Yunnan University in his hometown. The program brings Chinese faculty to MIT Sloan to attend classes with MIT Sloan MBA students and work with MIT Sloan faculty (Ibid.). Because of the program, Yunnan University’s business school has become one of the top in China.

Builder Paul K. Tchang of the Techbilt Construction Company is not currently listed as an accepted Master Builder by the San Diego Historic Resources Board. Research did not find that sufficient evidence exists at this time to demonstrate Paul K. Tchang / Techbilt Construction Company as a Master Builder under Criterion "D". Future studies of potentially historic houses by

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Paul K. Tchang / Techbilt Construction Company will hopefully add more to what is known and his status under Criterion "D" can be re-evaluated at that time.

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*B10. Significance - Criterion E and Criterion F:

HRB Criterion E National Register of Historic Places listing or eligibility.

Criterion E does not apply to this property.

HRB Criterion F as a contributing resource to a Historical District.

This building has not been surveyed within any potential or proposed district. Criterion F does not apply to this property.

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A.1 Assessor’s Building Record

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A.1 Assessor’s Building Record

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A.2 Notice of Completion Techbilt Construction Corp. completed the subject resource on July 15, 1960.

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A.3 Water Record Dated October 1, 1959 and taken out by the Beaver Investment Corporation. The Beaver Investment Corporation was the financial branch of Paul K. Tchang's Techbilt Construction Company.

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A.3 Sewer Record The permit on top is dated December 28, 1959. The bottom permit is dated March 24, 1960.

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A.4 Building / Construction Permits Permit dated August 25, 1959 to demolish existing structure (San Diego Conservatory of Music) at 1740 Upas Street.

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A.4 Building / Construction Permits Initial building permit for the subject resource, dated December 21, 1959. Master Architects Lloyd Ruocco and Homer Delawie are listed as the architects.

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A.4 Building / Construction Permits

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A.4 Building / Construction Permits Building permit for interior remodels to units # 23 and # 25, dated November 16, 1981.

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A.4 Building / Construction Permits Building permit dated February 18, 1982 for interior remodel to units #9 and #11.

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A.4 Building / Construction Permits Permit for reroofing, April 1982.

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A.4 Building / Construction Permits Building permit for interior remodel to units #5 and #7 to install 6' x 12' beam. Dated April 23, 1982.

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A.4 Building / Construction Permits Building permit for interior remodel to units #9 and #21, dated July 14, 1982.

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A.4 Building / Construction Permits Building permit for interior alterations to units #18 and #20, dated July 14, 1982. There is an overlap on the microfiche and this is the best copy available.

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A.4 Building / Construction Permits Building permit for interior alterations to units #6 and #8, dated July 14, 1982.

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A.4 Building / Construction Permits Building permit for interior alterations to unit #10, dated August 7, 2001.

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A.4 Building / Construction Permits Building permit for interior remodel to unit #10, dated April 26, 2005.

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A.4 Building / Construction Permits Building permit for interior remodel to unit #14, dated June 4, 2012.

Continued on next page.

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A.4 Building / Construction Permits Continued from previous page.

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A.5 Site Plan with Footprint Taken from the Residential Building Record.

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A.6 County Lot and Block Book Page

A County Lot and Block Book Page is not available for this property, as the County ceased recording in the books circa 1949, a decade before the subject resource was constructed.

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A.7 Previous Survey Form

After an extensive search, a previous survey form could not be located.

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Attachment B Ownership and Occupant Information

B.1 – Chain of Title B.2 – Directory Search of Occupants B.3 – Deed from the Date of Construction

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B.1 Chain of Title 1740 Upas Street, San Diego, CA 92103 APN # 452-482-16-01

Instrument Date Grantor to Grantee, Date Recorded, Book Number, Page Number

February 11, 1890 College Hill Land Association to George Kantz and August A. Kantz, recorded February 15, 1890, Deed Book 160, Page 122.

November 17, 1898 George Kantz and August A. Kantz to Country Club, recorded November 21, 1898, Deed Book 273, Page 291.

May 2, 1922 In the Matter of the Application of the Country Club, a Social Corporation, To Sell Real Estate, File # 18035, recorded June 10, 1922, Deed Book 894, Page 36.

May 9, 1922 The Country Club of San Diego to Laura E. Arctander, recorded June 10, 1922, File # 18036, Deed Book 894, Page 38.

May 27, 1922 Laura E. Arctander to Union Trust Company of San Diego, File # 18037, recorded June 10, 1922, Deed Book 894, Page 41.

October 27, 1922 Union Trust Company of San Diego to August Lofling and Mimmi Lofling, File # 35560, recorded November 16, 1922, Deed Book 912, Page 473.

February 6, 1923 August Lofling and Mimmi Lofling to Union Trust Company of San Diego, File # 6073, recorded February 19, 1923, Deed Book 913, Page 491.

March 26, 1923 Union Trust Company of San Diego to J.C. Ramage (a single man), File # 13910, recorded April 20, 1923, Deed Book 931, Page 381.

March 26, 1923 J.C. Ramage (a single man) to Frank Starkweather, File # 13912, recorded April 20, 1923, Deed Book 931, Page 383.

August 9, 1926 Frank Starkweather and Pearl Starkweather to Harry A. Hemphill and Anna C. Hemphill, File # 63187, recorded October 18, 1926, Deed Book 1288, Page 68.

October 19, 1949 Decree Establishing the Fact of Death and Decree of Final Distribution Under Will (In the Matter of the Estate of Anna C. Hemphill, also known as Anna C. Wenquist, deceased), File # 37884, recorded October 25, 1949, Book 3363, Page 53.

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B.1 Chain of Title - Continued

February 8, 1956 Order Settling First Account of Executor and Ordering Payment on Statutory Commissions and Attorney's Fees and Allowing and Ordering Payment of Extraordinary Attorney's Fees and Ordering Preliminary Distribution and Approval of Assignment (In the Matter of the Estate of Harry A. Hemphill, deceased), Document # 18129, recorded February 9, 1956, Book 5971, Page 274.

March 8, 1956 Samuel F. Barr and Margaret Barr to Samuel F. Barr and Margaret D. Barr (husband and wife as joint tenants), Document # 32113, recorded March 8, 1956, Book 6007, Page 529.

December 5, 1958 Samuel F. Barr and Margaret D. Barr to John F. Curtis (a married man, as to an undivided 40% interest), Paul K. Tchang & Rose Sun Tchang (husband and wife as joint tenants, as to an undivided 40% interest), and Glenn A. Rick and Ruth Rick (husband and wife as joint tenants, as to an undivided 20% interest), Document # 215983, recorded December 23, 1958, Book 7411, Page 324.

November 30, 1959 John F. Curtis (a married man), Paul K. Tchang & Rose Sun Tchang (husband and wife), and Glenn A. Rick and Ruth Rick (husband and wife), and Helen S. Curtis (wife of John F. Curtis) to Beaver Investment Corporation, Document # 250921, recorded December 1, 1959, Book 8028, Page 256.

July 15, 1960 Notice of Completion. Techbilt Construction Corp. constructed a 24-unit apartment house, which was actually completed on July 15, 1960. The owner of the property who hired Techbilt was Beaver Investment Corp. File # 146011, recorded July 19, 1960.

December 16, 1974 Beaver Investment Corporation to Ferdinand T. Fletcher (Trustee for the Beaver Trust), File # 74-328451, recorded December 18, 1974.

June 16, 1978 Ferdinand T. Fletcher (Trustee for the Beaver Trust) to Paul K. Tchang (Trustee U/T/A June 16, 1978, and undivided 50% interest), File # 78- 232639, recorded June 23, 1978.

March 29, 1979 Ferdinand T. Fletcher (Trustee for the Beaver Trust) to Paul K. Tchang (Trustee U/T/A June 16, 1978), File # 79-165672, recorded April 23, 1979.

April 20, 1981 Paul K. Tchang (Trustee U/T/A June 16, 1978) to Techbilt Construction Corp. (a California Corporation), File # 81-125043, recorded April 23, 1981.

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B.1 Chain of Title - Continued

December 3, 1982 Notice of Completion. Tech Construction Corp. [likely a typo for Techbilt Construction Corp.] completed work on apartments # 6 and # 8 on December 3, 1982. File # 82-373275, recorded December 6, 1982.

May 9, 1983 Notice of Completion. Tech Construction Corp. [likely a typo for Techbilt Construction Corp.] completed work on apartments #1, #2, #3, #4, #14, #15, #16 and #17 on May 9, 1983. File # 83-156773, recorded May 12, 1983.

May 23, 1983 Techbilt Construction Corp. (a California Corporation) to La Jolla Alta (a General Partnership), File # 83-172504, recorded May 24, 1983.

October 16, 1985 La Jolla Alta (a General Partnership) to James Kelly (a single man), File # 85-451736, recorded November 27, 1985.

November 6, 1997 James Kelly (a single man) to Roger S. Scott (a single man), File # 1997- 0590447, recorded November 21, 1997.

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B.2 Directory Search of Occupants 1961 1 Osborn W Clarke Osborn W Clarke v-pres mgr Bank of America National Trust & Saving Assn r 1740 2 Miller Eliz L Upas apt 1 3 Mollerstrom Pete Miller Eliz L USN h1740 Upas apt 2 4 Wilbert Mark Mollerstrom Pete h1740 Upas apt 3 5 DeMore Anthony Wilbert Mark (Ann) h1740 Upas apt 4 6 Cooper Lee T DeMore Anthony (Maurene) slsmn May Co h1740 Upas apt 5 7 Graham Norma Cooper Lee T Tide Water Oil Co h1740 Upas apt 6 8 Brooks Robt Graham Norma h1740 Upas apt 7 9 Logan Richd Brooks Robt research eng General Dynamics h1740 Upas apt 8 10 Hayes Dorothy K Logan Richd (Natalie) emp Genl Dynamics h1740 Upas apt 9 11 Kirk Glen A Hayes Dorothy K asst dir Am Natl Red Cross h1740 Upas apt 10 12 Dutra Albert Kirk Glen A (Gladys I) carp h1740 Upas apt 11 14Johnson Chas Dutra Albert (Helen) mgr Western Milk Transport h1740 Upas apt 12 15 Barncastle Anthony Johnson Chas (Eloise) USN h1740 Upas apt 14 16 Brooks Richd Barncastle Anthony (Josephine)slsmn Am Thread Co h1740 Upas apt 15 17 Schatz Richd Brooks Richd USN h1740 Upas apt 16 18 Sloan Zella Mrs Schatz Richd (Alice) tchr PS h1740 Upas apt 17 19 Connoley Wm B Sloan Zella Mrs h1740 Upas apt 18 20 Gilespie Marie Mrs Connoley Wm B v-pres-mgr Palomar Mortgage Co h1740 Upas apt 19 21 Traynor Patk Gilespie Marie Mrs h1740 Upas apt 20 22 Braum CA Traynor Patk pub relations mn Am Title h1740 Upas apt 21 23 Flickenger Edith Braum CA h1740 Upas apt 22 24 Mathews Wesley Flickenger Edith emp United Airlines h1740 Upas apt 23 25 Vacant 1962 1 Osborn W Clarke Osborn W Clark v-pres-mgr Bk of Am Natl Trust & Sav Assn h1740 Upas apt 1 2 Miller Eliz L Miller Eliz L USSN h1740 Upas apt 2 3 Vacant Poquiz Robt (Ruth) dentist Naval Hosp h1740 Upas apt 4 4 Poquiz Robt M Mayard Edgar (June) mgr Parks Gardens h1740 Upas apt 5 5 Mayard Edgar Graham Norma h1740 Upas apt 7 6 Vacant Rex James clk SDG&E h1740 Upas apt 9 7 Graham Norma George Mabel N h1740 Upas apt 12 8 Vacant Johnson Chas (Eloise) USN h1740 Upas apt 14 9 Rex Jas Barncastle Anthony (Josephine) slsmn Am Thread Co h1740 Upas apt 15 10 Vacant Schuldenfrei Irving (Mary H) h1740 Upas apt 17 11 Vacant Sloan Zella (wid Lester) h1740 Upas apt 18 12 George Mabel N Flickenger Edith A clk United Air Lines h1740 Upas apt 23 14 Johnson Chas Mathews Wesley H (Nancy) lwyr 223-24 Orpheum Bldg h1740 Upas apt 24 15 Barncastle Anthony 16 Vacant 17 Schuldenfrei Irving 18 Sloane Zella Mrs 19 Vacant 20 Vacant 21 Vacant 22 Vacant 23 Flickenger Edith A 24 Mathews Wesley H 25 Vacant 1963- 1 Vacant Miller Eliz USN h1740 Upas apt 2 1964 2 Miller Eliz Zatariny Tanya h1740 Upas apt 3 3 Zatzariny Tanya Mayard Edgar (June) mgr Parks Gardens h1740 Upas apt 5 4 Vacant Watkins Rowena Mrs h1740 Upas apt 8 5 Mayard Edgar Springer Leonard (Jane) USN h1740 Upas apt 10 6 Vacant Brown Clarence h1740 Upas apt 11 7 Vacant Hollow Francis E h1740 Upas apt 12

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8 Watkins Rowena Mrs Clark Raymond (Donna) USN h1740 Upas apt 20 9 Vacant Morris Robt J h1740 Upas apt 22 10 Springer Leonard Flickenger Edith A reservations agt United Air Lines h1740 Upas apt 23 11 Brown Clarence Schuldenfrei Irving (Mary H) h1740 Upas apt 25 12 Hollow Francis E 14 Vacant 15 Vacant 16 Vacant 17 Vacant 18 Vacant 19 Vacant 20 Clark Raymond 21 Vacant 22 Morris Robt J 23 Flickenger Edith A 24 Vacant 25 Schuldenfrei Irving 1965 1 Vacant Mann Arth K (Beth) USN h1740 Upas apt 2 2 Mann Arth Zatzariny Tanya h1740 Upas apt 3 3 Zatzariny Tanya Little David J (Laura) mgr Park Gardens h1740 Upas apt 4 4 Little David J Gilliland John news mgr KONO h1740 Upas apt 5 5 Gilliland John Duprau Arth B constn supt h1740 Upas apt 6 6 Duprau Arth Graham Norma Mrs h1740 Upas apt 7 7 Graham Norma Mrs Watkins Rowena Mrs h1740 Upas apt 8 8 Watkins Rowena Mrs Dolan Jas M assoc Curator of Birds SD Zoo h1740 Upas apt 9 9 Dolan Jas M Shep Bess (wid Milton; State Surplus Sales) h1740 Upas apt 10 10 Shep Bess Brown Clarence h1740 Upas apt 11 11 Brown Clarence Krieg Eliz M ofc work Raffee’s Carpet h1740 Upas apt 12 12 Krieg Eliz Ruse Donald H (Elsie M) acct 5405 Napa h1740 Upas apt 14 14 Ruse Donald H Schroeder Xenia V Mrs chem h1740 Upas apt 15 15 Schroeder Xenia V Mrs Thomas Sherry Mrs h1740 Upas apt 16 16 Thomas Sherry Mrs Carr Clarence N (Helen) slsmn Thearles Music h1740 Upas apt 17 17 Carr Clarence N Selsor C Jackson emp San Diego Zoo h1740 Upas apt 18 18 Selsor C Jackson Clark Raymond (Donna) USN h1740 Upas apt 20 19 Vacant McRill Paul A h1740 Upas apt 21 20 Clark Raymond Walters Robt H mathematician Solar h1740 Upas apt 22 21 McRill Paul A Low Cedric H h1740 Upas apt 23 22 Walters Robt H Lieser Wm H (Lucille) USN h1740 Upas apt 24 23 Low Cedric H Lieser Steven H USA r1740 Upas apt 24 24 Lieser Wm H 25 Vacant 1966 1 Vacant Little David J (Laura) mgr Park Gardens h1740 Upas St Apt 4 2 Vacant Duprau Arth B constn supt h1740 Upas St Apt 6 3 Vacant Watkins Rowena Mrs h1740 Upas St Apt 8 4 Little David J Monasterolo Sharon A nurse Mercy Hosp h1740 Upas St Apt 9 5 Vacant Brown Thos H h1740 Upas St Apt 11 6 Duprau Arth B Ruse Donald (Elsie M) acct 5405 Napa St h1740 Upas St Apt 14 7 Vacant Schroeder Xenia V Mrs chem h1740 Upas St Apt 15 8 Watkins Rowena Mrs Carr Clarence N (Helen) slsmn Thearles Mus h1740 Upas St Apt 17 9 Monasterolo Sharon A Selsor C Jackson emp SD Zoo h1740 Upas St apt 18 10 Vacant Staroste O h1740 Upas St Apt 19 11 Brown Thos H Clark Raymond (Donna) USN h1740 Upas St Apt 20 12 No return Walters Robt H Mathematician Solar Aricraft h1740 Upas St Apt 22 14 Ruse Donald H Low Cediric H h1740 Upas St Apt 23 15 Schroeder Xenia V Mrs Lieser Wm H (Lucille) USN h1740 Upas St Apt 24 16 Vacant Herrill Marguerite red h1740 Upas St Apt 25 17 Carr Clarence N 18 Selsor C Jackson

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19 Staroste O 20 Clark Raymond 21 Vacant 22 Walters Robt H 23 Low Cedric H 24 Lieser Wm H 25 Herrill Marguerite 1967 1 Nelson Robt Nelson Robt h1740 Upas St Apt 1 2 Keilig Maxine E Keilig Maxine E Tchr Madison High Sch h1740 Upas St Apt 2 3 Maches Wm A Maches Wm A h1740 Upas St Apt 3 4 Little David J Little David J (Laura) Mgr Park Gardens h1740 Upas St Apt 4 5 O’Connor Pat O’Connor Pat h1740 Upas St Apt 5 6 Duprau Arth B Duprau Arth B Constn Supt h1740 Upas St Apt 6 7 Kenyon DE Kenyon DE h1740 Upas St Apt 7 8 Watkins Rowena Mrs Watkins Rowena Mrs h1740 Upas St Apt 8 9 Vacant Wallinger Jeffrey Prntr Cal Prntrs & Litho h1740 Upas St Apt 10 10 Wallinger Jeffrey Brooks Robt h1740 Upas St Apt 11 11 Brooks Robt Ruse Donald H (Elsie M) Acct 5405 Napa St h1740 Upas St Apt 14 12 Vacant Schroeder Xenia Mrs Chem h1740 Upas St Apt 15 14 Ruse Donald H Crabtree Robt W Tchr Mongomery Jr High Sch h1740 Upas St Apt 16 15 Schroeder Xenia V Mrs Carr Clarence N (Helen) Slsmn Thearles Mus h1740 Upas St Apt 17 16 Crabtree Robt W Selsor C Jackson Emp SD Zoo h1740 Upas St Apt 18 17 Carr Clarence N Clark Raymond (Donna) USN h1740 Upas St Apt 20 18 Selsor C Jackson Kaplan LW h1740 Upas St Apt 21 19 Vacant Walters Robt H Mathematician Solar Aircraft h1740 Upas St Apt 22 20 Clark Raymond Low Cedric h1740 Upas St Apt 23 21 Kaplan LW Lieser Wm H (Lucille) USN h1740 Upas St Apt 24 22 Walters Robt H Herrill Marguerite retd h1740 Upas St Apt 25 23 Low Cedric H 24 Lieser Wm H 25 Herrill Marguerite 1968 1 Vacant Keilig Maxine E Tchr Madison High Sch h1740 Upas St Apt 2 2 Keilig Maxine E Sprecht Edwin h1740 Upas St Apt 3 3 Sprecht Edwin Little Laura T (wid David J) Serv Mgr Sou Cal Mtge & Loan Corp h1740 Upas Apt 4 4 Little Laura T Mrs Hannum A James h1740 Upas St Apt 5 5 Hannum A James Kenyon Dorothea E typ County Welfare Dept h1740 Upas St Apt 7 6 Vacant Sontag MZ h1740 Upas St Apt 10 7 Kenyon Dorothea E Mrs Brooks Robt h174 Upas St Apt 11 8 Vacant Graham N (Graham Mailer Service) h1740 Upas St Apt 12 9 Vacant Ruse Donald H (Elsie M) Acct 5405 Napa St h1740 Upas St Apt 14 10 Sontag MZ Schroeder Xenia V Mrs chem h1740 Upas St Apt 15 11 Brooks Robt Ziegler Marian L Supvr Pac Tel h1740 Upas St Apt 16 12 Graham N Selsor C Jackson Publ This Week In San Diego h1740 Upas St Apt 18 14 Ruse Donald H Vance Steven A USN h1740 Upas St Apt 19 15 Schroeder Xenia V Mrs Clark Raymond (Donna) USN h1740 Upas St Apt 20 16 Ziegler Marian L Berg James T (Nancy N) h1740 Upas St Apt 21 17 Vacant Singer John R h1740 Upas St Apt 22 18 Selsor C Jackson Low Cedric H h1740 Upas St Apt 23 19 Vance Stephen A Lieser Wm H (Lucille) USN h1740 Upas St Apt 24 20 Clark Raymond Herrill Marguerite (wid Walter W) Ofc Sec SD Management Council for Merit 21 Berg James Employment h1740 Upas St Apt 25 22 Singer John R 23 Low Cedric H 24 Lieser Wm H 25 Herrill Marguerite Mrs 1969- 1 Varney Katharina M Mrs Varney Katharina M Mrs Ofc Wkr h1740 Upas St Apt 1 1970 2 Keilig Maxine E Keilig Maxine E Tchr SDUSD h1740 Upas St Apt 2 3 Kuhlman Janet R Kuhlman Janet R Serv Rep Pac Tel h1740 Upas St Apt 3

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4 Little Laura T Mrs Little Laura T (wid David J) Loan Serv Sou Cal Mtge & Loan Corp h1750 Upas Apt 5 Hannum Arth J 4 6 Britton Janice B Mrs Hannum Arth J Electronic Eng h1740 Upas St Apt 5 7 Kenyon Dorothea E Mrs Britton Janice B Mrs Tchr Castle Park Sch h1740 Upas St Apt 6 8 Neill John E Kenyon Dorothea E Mrs Typ County Welfare Dept h1740 Upas St Apt 7 9 No return Neill John E (Barbara W) USN h1740 Upas St Apt 8 10 Smith Sandra M Smith Sandra M Librn h1740 Upas St Apt 10 11 Brooks Robt Brooks Robt Emp Genl Dynamics h1740 Upas St Apt 11 12 Graham N Graham N (Graham Mailer Service) h1740 Upas St Apt 12 14 Ruse Donald H Ruse Donald H (Elsie M) Acct 5405 Napa St h1740 Upas St Apt 14 15 Schroeder Xenia V Mrs Schroeder Xenia V Mrs Chem h1740 Upas St Apt 15 16 Ziegler Marian L Ziegler Marian L Supvr Pac Tel h1740 Upas St Apt 16 17 Frey Leonard H Frey Leonard H Tchr San Diego State College h1740 Upas St Apt 17 18 Trax Harry A Trax Harry A Sr Planner County Planning Dept h1740 Upas St Apt 18 19 Huggins Wm D Huggins Wm D Nurse DN Sharp Mem Com Hosp h1740 Upas St Apt 19 20 Groc Philip Groc Philip USN H1740 Upas St Apt 20 21 Berg James T Groc Anne I Soc Wkr County Welfare Dept r1740 Upas St Apt 20 22 Witkowski Henry J Berg James T (Nancy N) h1740 Upas St Apt 21 23 Low Cedric H Witkowsky Henry J h1740 Upas St Apt 22 24 Lieser Wm H Low Cedric H Eng SD County h1740 Upas St Apt 23 25 Herrill Marguerite Mrs Lieser Wm H (Lucille) USN h1740 Upas St Apt 24 Herrill Marguerite (wid Walter W) Exec Sec Handyman h1740 Upas St Apt 25 1971 1 Varney Katharina M Mrs Varney Katharina M Mrs Ofc Sec Hewitt & Greaves h1740 Upas St Apt 1 2 Keilig Maxine Keilig Maxine E Emp SDUSD r1740 Upas St Apt 2 3 Little R Fletcher Little R Fletcher h1740 Upas St Apt 3 4 Little Laura T Mrs Little Laura T (wid David J) Mgr Park Gardens h1740 Upas St Apt 4 5 Hannum Arth J Hannum Arth J Electronic Eng h1740 Upas St Apt 5 6 Vacant Pruess Robt M (Alice) Planner Convair h1740 Upas St Apt 8 7 Vacant Stephen Frank Clk PSA h1740 Upas St Apt 9 8 Pruess Robt M Park Nettie M Retd h1740 Upas St Apt 10 9 Stephen Frank Brooks Robt Emp Genl Dynamics h1740 Upas St Apt 11 10 Park Nettie M Graham N (Graham Mailer Service) h1740 Upas St Apt 12 11 Brooks Robt Witkowski Henry J Retd h1740 Upas St Apt 14 12 Graham N Schroeder Xenia V Mrs Chem h1740 Upas St Apt 16 14 Witkowski Henry J Frey Leonard H Tchr San Diego State College h1740 Upas St Apt 17 15 Schroeder Xenia V Mrs Trax Harry A Sr Planner County Planning Dept h1740 Upas St Apt 18 16 Britton Janice Mrs Tauchen Rosemary Retd h1740 Upas Apt 19 17 Frey Leonard H Anderson Roger L h1740 Upas St Apt 22 18 Trax Harry A Low Cedric H Eng SD County h1740 Upas St Apt 23 19 Tauchen Rosemary Lieser Wm H USN h1740 Upas St Apt 24 20 Vacant Herrill Marguerite (wid Walter W) Exec Sec Handyman h1740 Upas St Apt 25 21 Vacant 22 Anderson Roger L 23 Low Cedric H 24 Lieser Wm H 25 Herrill Marguerite Mrs 1972 1 Varney Katharina Mrs Varney Katharina M Mrs Ofc Sec James O Hewitt h1740 Upas St Apt 1 2 Keilig Maxine Keilig Maxine E Emp SDUSD r1740 Upas St Apt 2 3 Barrera Adalberto Barrera Adalberto (Rosalinda) USN h1740 Upas St Apt 3 4 Schumann Carroll Schumann Carroll H h1740 Upas St Apt 4 5 Hannum Arth J Hannum Arth J Electronic Eng h1740 Upas St Apt 5 6 Duprau Arth B Duprau Arth B Mgr Park Gardens h1740 Upas Apt 6 7 Vacant Madrigal J (Irene) USN h1740 Upas St Apt 8 8 Madrigal J Deal John Coml Photog h1740 Upas St Apt10 9 Vacant Brooks Robt Emp Genl Dynamics h1740 Upas St Apt 11 10 Deal John Patrick Mike (Ann) h1740 Upas St Apt 12 11 Brooks Robt Witkowski Henry J Retd h1740 Upas St Apt 14 12 Patrick Mike Schroeder Xenia V Mrs Chem h1740 Upas St Apt 15

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14 Witkowski Henry J Anscombe Harry Retd h1740 Upas St Apt 16 15 Schroeder Xenia V Mrs Frey Leonard H Tchr San Diego State College h1740 Upas St Apt 17 16 Anscombe Harry Stark Lewis Retd h1740 Upas St Apt 18 17 Frey Leonard H Du Bigneaud Jean L h1740 Upas St Apt 19 18 Stark Lewis Moreland Vesta M (wid Wade H) Retd h1740 Upas St Apt 21 19 Du Vigneaud Jean L Anderson Roger L h1740 Upas St Apt 22 20 Vacant Wilkinson Carl USN h1740 Upas St Apt 23 21 Moreland Vesta M Mrs Lieser Wm H USN h1740 Upas St Apt 24 22 Anderson Roger L Herrill Marguerite (wid Walter W) Exec Sec Handyman h1740 Upas St Apt 25 23 Wilkinson Carl 24 Hieser Wm H 25 Herrill Marguerite Mrs 1973 1 Varney Katharina Varney Katharina M Mrs Ofc Sec Hewitt & Shaw h1740 Upas St Apt 1 2 Keilig Maxine Keilig Maxine E Emp SDUSD r1740 Upas St Apt 2 3 Barrera Adalberto Barrera Adalberto (Rosalinda) USN h1740 Upas St Apt 3 4 Schumann Carroll J Schumann Carroll J h1740 Upas St Apt 4 5 Hannum Arth J Hannum Arth J Electronic Eng h1740 Upas St Apt 5 6 Duprau Arth B Duprau Arth B Mgr Park Gardens h1740 Upas St Apt 6 7 Kendall O Melvin Kendall O Melvin Mgr Pacific Western Securities Inc h1740 Upas St Apt 7 8 Vacant Schween Eric R h1740 Upas St Apt 9 9 Schween Eric R Deal John G Coml Photog h1740 Upas St Apt 10 10 Deal John G Brooks Robt Emp Genl Dynamics h1740 Upas St Apt 11 11 Brooks Robt Lettieri Richd J h1740 Upas St Apt 12 12 Lettieri Richd J Witkowski Henry J Retd h1740 Upas St Apt 14 14 Witkowski Henry J Schroeder Xenia V Mrs Chem h1740 Upas St Apt 15 15 Schoreder Xenia V Mrs Anscombe Harry retd h1740 Upas St Apt 16 16 Anscombe Harry Frey Leonard H tchr San Diego State College h1740 Upas St Apt 17 17 Frey Leonard H Boulerice EJ retd h1740 Upas St Apt 18 18 Boulerice EJ Hisaw Stanley W h1740 Upas St Apt 20 19 Vacant Moreland Vesta M (wid Wade H) retd h1740 Upas Apt 21 20 Hisaw Stanley W Anderson Roger L h1740 Upas St Apt 22 21 Moreland Vesta M Mrs Davis Carol R Mrs h1740 Upas St Apt 23 22 Anderson Roger L Lieser Wm H USN h1740 Upas St Apt 24 23 Davis Carol R Mrs Herrill Marguerite (wid Walter W) exec sec Handyman h1740 Upas St Apt 25 24 Lieser Wm H 25 Herrill Marguerite Mrs 1974 1 Varney Katharina M Mrs Varney Katharina M Mrs ofc sec Hewitt & Shaw h1740 Upas St Apt 1 2 Keilig Maxine E Keilig Maxine E tchr SDUSD h1740 Upas St Apt 2 3 Westfall JR Westfall JR USN h1740 Upas St Apt 3 4 Schumann Carrol J Schumann Carol J h1740 Upas St Apt 4 5 Hannum Arth J Hanum Arth J electronic eng h1740 Upas St Apt 5 6 Duparau Arth B Duprau Arth B mgr Park Gardens h1740 Upas St Apt 6 7 O-Mara Scott A O’Mara Scott A (Judy L) ins rep State Compnsn Ins Fund h1740 Upas St Apt 7 8 Vacant Deal John G coml photog h1740 Upas St Apt 10 9 Vacant Stevens Robt N embalmer Lewis Colonial Mortuary h1740 Upas St Apt 12 10 Deal John G Witkowski Henry J retd h1740 Upas St Apt 14 11 Vacant Schroder Xenia V Mrs chem h1740 Upas St Apt 15 12 Stevens Robt N Anscombe Harry retd h1740 Upas St Apt 16 14 Witkowski Henry J Boulerice EJ retd h1740 Upas St Apt 18 15 Schroeder Xenia V Mrs Schween Eric R h1740 Upas St Apt 20 16 Anscombe Harry Moreland Vesta M (wid Wade W) retd h1740 Upas St Apt 21 17 Vacant Leiser Wm H dentist 1966 6th St h1740 Upas St Apt 24 18 Boulerice EJ Herrill Marguerite (wid Walter W) exec sec Handyman h1740 Upas St Apt 25 19 Vacant 20 Schween Eric R 21 Moreland Vesta M Mrs 22 Vacant 23 Vacant

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24 Leiser Wm H 25 Herrill Marguerite Mrs

103

B.3 Deed from the Date of Construction

104

B.3 Deed

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Attachment C Maps

C.1 — City of San Diego 800 Scale Engineering Map C.2 — Current and Historical USGS Maps C.3 — Original Subdivision Map C.4 — Sanborn Maps 1886/1887 1906 1921 1940 1950 1956

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C.1 City of San Diego 800 Scale Engineering Map

Map # 210-1713

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C.2 Current USGS Map - 2015 Point Loma quadrangle

108

C.2 Historical USGS Map - 1942 Point Loma quadrangle

109

C.3 Original Subdivision Map

110

C.3 Original Subdivision Map

111

C.3 Tax Assessor's Map

112

C.3 Tax Assessor's Map

113

C.4 Sanborn Map – 1886/1887

None for this area

114

C.4 Sanborn Map – 1906

None for this area

115

C.4 Sanborn Map – 1921 The subject resource is not shown on this Sanborn map, as it was not constructed until 1960. Note that the site of the subject resource was previously occupied by the San Diego Conservatory of Music until that building was demolished in 1959.

116

C.4 Sanborn Map – 1940

The subject resource is not shown on this Sanborn map, as it was not constructed until 1960.

117

C.4 Sanborn Map – 1950 The subject resource is not shown on this Sanborn map, as it was not constructed until 1960. Note that the site of the subject resource was previously occupied by the San Diego Conservatory of Music until that building was demolished in 1959.

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C.4 Sanborn Map – 1956 The subject resource is not shown on this Sanborn map, as it was not constructed until 1960. Note that the site of the subject resource was previously occupied by the San Diego Conservatory of Music until that building was demolished in 1959.

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Attachment D Photographs

D.1 — Historical Photographs D.2 — Current Photographs

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D.2 Current Photographs – South (front) Elevation Current photos by Dan Soderberg, June 2015

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D.2 Current Photographs – South (front) Elevation

122

D.2 Current Photographs – South (front) Elevation

123

D.2 Current Photographs – Inner Courtyard

124

D.2 Current Photographs – Inner Courtyard

125

D.2 Current Photographs – Stairwell

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D.2 Current Photographs – Stairwell

127

D.2 Current Photographs – Stairwell

128

D.2 Current Photographs – Upper Level

129

D.2 Current Photographs – Upper Level

130

D.2 Current Photographs – Details

131

D.2 Current Photographs – Details

132

D.2 Current Photographs – West (Side) Elevation

133

D.2 Current Photographs – West (Side) Elevation

134

D.2 Current Photographs – North (Rear) Elevation

135

D.2 Current Photographs – North (Rear) Elevation

136

Attachment E HRB Criteria Supplemental Documentation

E.1 — Criterion A E.2 — Criterion B E.3 — Criterion C E.4 — Criterion D E.5 — Criterion E E.6 — Criterion F

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E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Original rendering of the subject resource by Lloyd Ruocco AIA and Homer Delawie AIA, circa 1959. Both are considered Master Architects by the City of San Diego.

138

E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Original plot and roof plan from 1959 by Ruocco and Delawie AIA.

139

E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Original exterior elevations from 1959 by Ruocco and Delawie AIA.

140

E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Original exterior elevations from 1959 by Ruocco and Delawie AIA. South (front) elevation

141

E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Original exterior elevations from 1959 by Ruocco and Delawie AIA.

West (side) elevation

East (side) elevation

142

E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Original exterior elevations from 1959 by Ruocco and Delawie AIA. North elevation

143

E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Original first floor plan from 1959 by Ruocco and Delawie AIA.

144

E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Original second floor plan from 1959 by Ruocco and Delawie AIA.

145

E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Original interior elevations from 1959 by Ruocco and Delawie AIA.

146

E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Original interior elevations from 1959 by Ruocco and Delawie AIA. Detail of one bedroom apartment unit.

147

E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Original interior elevations from 1959 by Ruocco and Delawie AIA.

148

E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Original interior elevations from 1959 by Ruocco and Delawie AIA. Detail of two bedroom apartment unit and studio.

149

E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Original stairway drawings from 1959 by Ruocco and Delawie AIA.

150

E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Plans from a 1981 interior remodel by Homer Delawie Associates AIA.

151

E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Plans from a 1981 interior remodel by Homer Delawie Associates AIA. Detail of plan on previous page.

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E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Plans from a 1981 interior remodel by Homer Delawie Associates AIA.

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E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Plans from a 1981 interior remodel by Homer Delawie Associates AIA.

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E.3 Criterion C – Architecture Plans from a 1981 interior remodel by Homer Delawie Associates AIA. Detail from previous page.

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E.4 Criterion D - Master Architect Homer Delawie FAIA's bio in the City of San Diego's Biographies of Established Masters, 2011. Note that Delawie is actually a Master Architect, not a Master Builder as the heading below shows.

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E.4 Criterion D - Master Architect Homer Delawie FAIA (already an established Master Architect)

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E.4 Criterion D - Master Architect Homer Delawie FAIA (already an established Master Architect)

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E.4 Criterion D - Master Architect Homer Delawie FAIA (already considered a Master Architect)

Legendary architect Homer Delawie dies San Diego Uptown News, posted: July 1st, 2009 by Laura Walcher

HOMER T. DELAWIE, 1927 – 2009

Homer T. Delawie, FAIA, San Diego’s legendary modernist architect, died at San Diego Hospice on June 26. He was 81 years old. The cause of death was complications of Parkinson’s Disease.

Mr. Delawie is renowned for his numerous projects in San Diego, for which he earned nearly l00 design awards (AIA & AIA affiliates) from 1961 to his retirement in 1997. His projects include the Plaza de Balboa, Balboa Park (now renamed the Bea Evenson Fountain), the Penguin and Shark exhibits at Sea World, the MTDB Trolley Building & Clock Tower downtown, the M. Larry Lawrence Jewish Community Center and expansion, the Scripps Miramar Ranch High School, the School of Creative & Performing Arts in South Bay, the San Diego Hospice, and projects for UCSD, the San Diego Zoo, S.D. State University, Qualcomm and numerous other public, commercial and residencial projects throughout San Diego.

A leader in modernist architecture, Mr. Delawie earned his first design award for the first 17’ wide Mission Hills house, built on a 25-ft. lot in 1958.

Throughout his career, Mr. Delawie contributed countless hours to civic planning and development issues. He served as chapter president of the AIA, and on a number of state and national committees and design juries. In 1997, the AIA California Council presented Delawie with a lifetime contribution award, and in 2002, he received a similar award from Save Our Heritage Organization, San Diego. He remained a force in planning and historic preservation; his Postwar Modern houses, uniquely featuring maximum expanses of glass walls and sliding- glass doors framed in cedar, embrace atrium gardens and private decks. Some of his most dramatic hillside houses appear to float over lush canyons.

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E.4 Criterion D - Master Architect Homer Delawie FAIA (already considered a Master Architect) Continued from previous page.

Many of his projects have been widely publicized.

Mr. Delawie was born in Santa Barbara. California. He served in the U. S. Navy at the end of World War II, after which he worked for the U. S. Forest Service in Los Padres National Forest without quite envisioning his next step. Under the G. I. Bill, he took a series of tests with the Veterans Administration, the results of which suggested that he study architecture, and recommended the fledgling New School of Architecture at Cal Poly in San Luis Obispo. Mr. Delawie graduated there in 1951, He later became the school’s first licensed architect, subsequently its first National Design Award winner, and its first to be elected to the AIA’s National College of Fellows.

In San Diego in 1958, he formed a partnership with pioneer modernist Lloyd Ruocco FAIA; then opened his own office in 1961. Today the firm is known as Delawie, Wilkes, Rodrigues, Barker.

Mr. Delawie is survived by his wife, Ettie; six children, Gregory Delawie of Alexandria,Va., Claire Sosna of San Diego, Shandell Sosna of Marin County, Tracy Delawie of Olympia, Wash., Scott Delawie of San Diego and Stephanie Sosna of Bozeman, Montana; three grandchildren, Torrence Delawie, Frederick Delawie and Dane Sosna.

A memorial celebration for Mr. Delawie will be held at the Bea Evenson Fountain (between the Reuben H. Fleet Space Theater and the S. D. Natural History Museum) on Monday, July 20, AT 5 P.M.

The Delawie Family requests donations in his honor to be sent to The Parkinsons Foundation; San Diego Hospice & Palliative Care Institute, or California Politechnic University, School of Architecture, San Luis Obispo, Ca.

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E.4 Criterion D - Master Architect Lloyd Ruocco's bio in the City of San Diego's Biographies of Established Masters, 2011. Note that Ruocco is actually a Master Architect, not a Master Builder as the heading below shows.

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E.4 Criterion D - Master Architect Lloyd Ruocco (already considered a Master Architect)

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E.4 Criterion D - Master Builder Techbilt Construction Company (not yet considered a Master Builder) Paul K. Tchang owned and headed Techbilt during the time the company built 1740 Upas St.

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Attachment F Works Cited

F.1 — Provide a list of works cited (bibliography)

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F.1 Bibliography

Books

California Office of Historic Preservation 1996 The California Register of Historic Resources: Regulations for Nomination of Historic Properties. State of California, The Resources Agency, Department of Parks and Recreation

Ching, Francis D.K. 1995 A Visual Dictionary of Architecture. New York: John Wiley & Sons

Crawford, Richard W. 2011 The Way We Were in San Diego. Charleston: The History Press

Hartmann, Glenn D. 1977 Architectural Description Guide: Developed for Use in Preparing Nominations for State and National Registers of Historic Places. Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Washington State Parks & Recreation Commission, Olympia, Washington

McAlester, Virginia 2013 Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

McGrew, Clarence Alan 1922 City of San Diego and San Diego County, the Birthplace of California. Volume I. Chicago: The American Historical Society

National Park Service 1985 Historic American Building Survey Guidelines for Preparing Written and Historical Descriptive Data. Division of National Register Programs, Western Regional Office, San Francisco, California

Requa, Richard S., A.I.A. 1937 Inside Lights on the Building of San Diego's Exposition: 1935. San Diego: Frye & Smith, Ltd.

Rick, Glenn A. 1977 San Diego 1927-1955: Recollections of a City Planner. San Diego: publisher not identified.

Smith, G.E. Kidder 1996 Source Book of American Architecture. New York: Princeton Architectural Press

Walker, Lester 2002 American Homes - An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Domestic Architecture. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers

Government Documents

City of San Diego Historical Resources Board 2009 Historical Resource Research Report Guidelines and Requirements, Land Development Manual, Historical Resources Guidelines, Appendix E, Part 1.1, Adopted by the Historical Resources Board November 30, 2006, Updated January 24, 2008 and February 9, 2009.

Internet

Ancestry.com, www.ancestry.com (U.S. Census 1880, 1890, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930, 1940; California Death Index; Social Security Death Index; genealogical files)

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F.1 Bibliography - Continued

Manuscripts

Pitman, Todd 2005 “Lloyd Ruocco, San Diego’s Invisible Modernist,” Reflections Quarterly Newsletter. Save Our Heritage Organisation, volume 36, issue 2.

Pitman, Todd (No date) “Lloyd Pietrantonio Ruocco,” retrieved August 15, 2011 from http://www.modernsandiego.com

Newspapers

San Diego Union

San Diego Evening Tribune

San Diego Union-Tribune