<<

Cells Review List Test Thursday 1/28 Levels of Organization

Most Complex Group of Person, systems working Dog, together Group of organs , working together Nervous system, Digestive system Organ Group of tissues , working together , Stomach Tissue Group of cells working , together Nerves, Basic unit , Group of Epithelial cell, working together Neuron Least complex Specialized Nucleus, found in cells , Vacuole

Cell Theory Contributions of scientist… Robert Hooke 1665 First discovered cells by looking at . Named the “little room” he saw “cells”.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoeke 1673 Made improvements to the when observing pond scum.

Matthias Schleiden 1838 Examined cells and concluded that all parts of are composed of cells.

Theodore Schwann 1839 Examined tissue and concluded that all parts of are composed of cells.

Rudolf Virchow 1858 Observed that cells come from existing cells.

The three parts of the are: 1. All living things are composed of cells. (Schleiden & Schwann) 2. Cells are the basic units of and for living things. (Schleiden & Schwann) 3. All are produced from existing cells. (Virchow)

ALL cells can….  Obtain energy (organelles responsible: and mitochondrion)  Get rid of waste (organelles responsible: lysosome and )  Grow and reproduce (organelles responsible: centriole and nucleus)

Cell Organelles Organelle structures are designed to help them complete their functions. Structure is the shape or location. Function is its job. Example: tire structure – round, rubber; function – roll and grip road  Plant cells are elongated for stacking up; the cells are more box-like and rigid, with larger vacuoles for storing water.  Blood cells are round so they can travel through blood vessels and deliver oxygen and nutrients to the other cells of the body.  Muscle cells are elongated for contracting and pulling on

Cell Membrane – found in both plant and animal cells Function: controls the passing of materials in and out of the cell; gets rid of waste Structure: surrounds the

Nucleus – found in both plant and animal cells Function: acts as the control center of the cell Structure: holds the DNA/chromosomes

Cytoplasm – found in both plant and animal cells Function: suspend other organelles Structure: jell-like liquid that fills the cell

Mitochondria – found in both plant and animal cells Function: release ATP energy Structure: double membrane organelle with inner folds

Vacuole – found in both plant and animal cells Function: Storage site for water, nutrients, and waste Structure: much larger in plant cells

Cell Wall – found in ONLY plant cells Function: supports and protects Structure: rigid; surrounds cytoplasm in plant cells

Chloroplasts – found in ONLY plant cells Function: site of (how a plant makes food) Structure: Green; contains ; stacks of disc inside

Lysosome – found in some plant and animal cells Function: removes waste, and digest old cell parts Structure: small, circular, contains

Cilia – found in unicellular and some animal cells Function: used for Structure: tiny hair-like projections on the outside of certain cells

Flagellum – found in unicellular organisms and some animal cells Function: used for motion Structure: a long whip-like structure on the outside of certain cells