u YKPAiHCbKV1 V1 HHM a HH ClllA, MR • VAL ZABIJAKA P.O. BOX 3711 SILVER SFRlNG. MD. 20918 U.S.A. HtlAtKC npeanpHATHA CIIII3M II aJ1 pec OtrJpIIBIITeJlR YKPAlHA 2.52124 fUl:YB-IZ4 __~a~6~oH~.~c~K~p~H~Hb~K~a~8~21~Ii' ____ ~ ------BiKTOPOBi MorH~bHoMy. ~ -5DO UKRAINE. I lUI I, ,,1,1 "I Vol. 43 No. 3/4 (73174) 1995 ISSN 0198-6252 YKP AffiCbIGffi CDIJIATFJ1ICT Semiannual Journal of the UKRAINIAN PHILATELIST Ukrainian Philatelic and Numismatic Society CONTENTS Page Editor's Farum 123 Letters to the Editor 124 ARTICLES Western Ukraine: Forgeries and Fantasies by Peter Bylen 127 Western Ukraine: An Examination of BK I 0 I by Peter Bylen 141 Interesting Pages of the Contemporary Ukrainian Post by Hryhoriy Lobko 143 (in English and Ukrainian) The Franking of Mail in Ukraine During 1992-93: by Dmytro Mishchenko and 152 Some Statistics (in English and Ukrainian) Viktor MohyIny The Stamps of Melito pi I: An Anatomy of the by Hryhoriy Lobko 160 Emissions (in English and Ukrainian) The Second Issue of Overprinted Provisionals by Oleh Panchuk and 186 from Bukovina ilior Hontsaryuk The Romanian Postal Service in Transnistria, 1941-44 by Calin Marinescu 189 New Data About the Romanian Postal Service in by Calin Marinescu 209 T ransnistria, I 941-44 A Commentary on Two Transnistria Postal Cards by Alexander Malycky 214 (in Ukrainian with English summary) The 'Odessa MKV' Postmark by Leonard T ann 219 A Synopticon ofCarpatho-Ukraine Postage Stamps by Peter Bylen 227 NUMISMATICS F27 - New Data by Peter Bylen 237 ANNOUNCEMENT 240 PUBLICATION REVIEWS Ukrainian Philatelic Resources, Volumes 1-3 byJohn-Paulflinlka 241 The Ukrainian Philatelic and Numismatic Society (UPNS) The editor reserves the right to make manuscript corrections seeks to unite all collectors of Ukrainian materials and is and will not accept any articles unless they are signed by the particularly dedicated to the promotion of Ukrainian stamp, author. Views and opinions expressed in by-lined articles do coin, and medal collecting. Ukrainian Philatelist serves as the not necessarily reflect those of the Ukrainian Philatelic and society's official record of original research, new discoveries, Numismatic Society, its officers, or editorial staff. and member activities. Inquiries regarding society membership and journal SUbscriptions should be addressed to: Original articles appearing in this publication may be reprinted The Ukrainian Philatelic and Numismatic Society without permission provided and source and author receive POBox 11184 proper acknowledgement and a cOI?Y is sent to the editor. Chicago IL 6061 1-0 184 Readers wishing to reproduce matenal excerpted from other Single copy price $5.00; double issues $10.00. pUblications must first obtain proper permission. Manuscripts for possible inclusion in Ukrainian Philatelist are Single issue advertising rates for Ukrainian Philatelist are: not limited solely to UPNS members. Articles by non quarter page - $25, half page - $40, full page - $60, and inside members are also reviewed and, if appropriate, retained for back cover - $75. Prices quoted are in US dollars. Camera publication. Submittals should be sent to: Ingert Kuzych, ready ads should be sent to: Ingert Kuzych, Editor, Ukrainian Editor, Ukrainian Philatelist, P.O. Box 3, Spnngfield, VA Philatelist, P.O. Box 3, Springfield, VA 22150. 22150. COVER: An envelope sent from Ky[v carries an old USSR cash register receipt (to indicate postage paid) with date (25 June 1993), station number, and spaces for destination, receiver's name, and operator's (cashier) number. For more details on the various ways mail was franked in Ukraine during 1992-93, see the articlebegmning on page 152. Editor's Forum A TEN YEAR RETROSPECTIVE AND AN IMPORTANT NEW PROJECT by Ingert Kuzych It hardly seems possible, but I have 1991 The Society'S 40th Anniversity is cel been an editor of this wonderful journal for a ebrated in a variety of retrospective articles. decade now. The roughly 1600 pages that I The first flights of newly innaugurated "Air edited during this time period represent 60 Ukraine" are recalled. A joint issue with The percent of all the Ukrainian Philatelist pages Flag Bulletin acquaints UPNS members with since the publication's inception in 1951! I Ukrainian flags and heraldry. Another ex mention this figure not to boast, but to point tensive supplement lists all Ukrainian thematic out how far our collecting area has evolved stamps from around the world. since 1985 . A look back shows steady prog ress made year by year. 1992 For the first time ever, Ukrainian Philatelist begins to report on the philatelic 1986 Ukrainian Philatelist had consisted of a and numismatic issues of an independent single 32-page annual issue, but this year a Ukraine. Ukrainian Philatelist's longest- ever second 32-page issue is produced. article, on Romanov-era Transfer Cards used during Ukrainian independence 1917-20, is 1987 Number of pages per issue begins to the most extensive study to appear on this increase; this trend will continue in subsequent subject in any philatelic publication. years. 1993 Two volumes of Ukrainian Philatelist 1988 Ukrainian Philatelist's first double issue are produced. The first is an Introductory in 13 years, a special Millennium Issue sport Handbook oj Ukrainian Philately; it serves to ing the journal's first multicolor cover. The bring all UPNS members worldwide (particu first Ukrainian Philatelist supplement is intro larly the new ones from Ukraine) "up to duced; these will be offered for five years as a speed" on various collecting areas (750 cop sort of "third yearly issue" until 1993, when ies, a record for a single issue, are distributed). the production offour issues per year (gener Also included in the Handbook is a catalog of ally in the form of two double issues) is begun. classical Ukrainian stamps issued 1918-23 . 1989 Several articles appear on postal (and 1994 Ukrainian Philatelist undertakes the numismatic) anniversary releases: Ukraine's ambitious task of documentating all the vari Conversion (988), Taras Shevchenko's Birth ous provisional issues released in Ukraine (1814), and Carpatho-Ukraine's Independence during 1992-94. Many carefully researched (1939). Another full color cover is produced; articles appear describing local provisionals, regular publication reviews are introduced. overprinted stamps, and surcharges on postal stationery. 1990 A number of articles present an exhaus tive overview of Ukraine's popular 1920 Vi 1995 Although some articles on recent pro enna Issue. The enlarged supplement chron visionals continue to be included in Ukrainian icles all Ukrainian topics on Soviet stamp Philatelist, many pieces on classical collecting Issues. are reintroduced. For the first time ever, an Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 123 extensive overview of the postal history of other authors. (See the announcement and Transnistria is presented. John-Paul Hirnka's review in the back of this issue for further details.) Ukrainian philately continues to evol ve at a brisk pace; I intend to make sure that I am very proud to be closely involved Ukrainian Philatelist not only keeps up, but in the UPR Project; it is by far the most impor continues to lead all other collecting publica tant (and most ambitious) chronicling effort tions reporting on our hobby. ever undertaken in Ukrainian philately. Read ers may get an idea of the postal issues in cluded in the Western Ukraine and Carpatho The bulk of the information in the Ukraine catalog-checklists by consulting the current issue was submitted by just a few synopticons that Mr. Bylen prepared for the authors; Messrs. Lobko and Marinescu, both last issue of Ukrainian Philatelist as well as contributed two articles while Peter Bylen this one. All of these postal issues are, of supplied no less than four! Peter's output course, much more fully described in the continuously amazes me, not only is he a catalogs, each of which is about 30 pages in prolific author and an excellent researcher, but length. he has taken upon himself the very daunting project of chronicling every aspect of. Ukrai Finally, I need to recognize the re nian philately. He is undertaking this effort maining contributors to this issue of the piecemeal by issuing a number of inexpensive journal: Messrs. Mishchenko, Panchuk, and (but very useful and attractive) catalog Hontsaryuk; the Rev. Leonard Tann; and checklists, part of the "Ukrainian Philatelic Ukrainian editor Alexander Malycky, who not Resources" (UPR) series on the various col~ only typed up all the Ukrainian text but also lecting areas of Ukraine. After user feedback translated an article and sumitted a short piece and critique, these catalogs will be corrected of his own. and updated and eventually combined into some sort of Ukrainian philatelic compendium Thanks to them and to everyone who or encyclopedia. Three volumes (all by Mr. assisted with this latest Ukrainian Philate Bylen) have been completed to date; several list issue. more are in the works, including some by LETTERS TO THE EDITOR About the Melitopil Provisionals Article tremendous sense of humor-sarcastic, dry, in This Issue almost "British." In this particular article he really outdid himself by mocking everybody: 28 August 1995 the lazy and greedy postal workers; the bum bling, incompetent local postal authorities; but Dear Mr. Kuzych, most of all-the pompous, all-knowing, "ex pert," Mr. Mokhov, who turns out to be the I am afraid that between my translation biggest crook of all ... In the article, Lobko uses and your corrections, we totally lost the droll a straight-face sarcasm to reveal the human tone of this Melitopil article. In its Ukrainian foibles of all the main characters in this original it's very funny-Lobko has a really "who-done-it" comedy. Ukrainian Philotelisl No. 73n. (1995) 124 Unfortunately, all of this gets lost in responsible for the entire publication) for his our article translation and only factual infonna "philatelic expertise." A lengthy meeting with tion remains. Too bad. Mr. Matrokhin left me with a strong feeling that despite our hopes for a great future of this To give you an example, when Lobko journal it will remain "light fare, on the ta1ks about "overloaded" postal employees, he whole." This is unfortunate, because there are means that these lazy bums were too busy a number of good philatelic editors in Ukraine with gossiping and drinking coffee to do a job, who could have made this publication a great not that they were "overworked." Far from it. representative of Ukrainian philately. (After all, the alternate worker did the whole job at home in one evening-when she was Next, I would urge the UPNS Execu paid overtime for it.) And so it goes... tive Board to raise membership fees. Our society provides its members with a tremen Well, it would take a Mark Twain to dous bargain: excellent journals, interesting really do justice to this article in English, newsletters, an exciting annual UKRAINPEX which is why it was so devilishly difficult to exhibit-convention, and a friendly springtime translate. Lobko uses puns, double meanings, Zustrich-Meet. During the last year, more comical turns of phrase, rare Ukrainian idioms, than 350 pages of interesting material was etc.-all untranslatable. mailed to the membership. There is probably no other philatelic society that offers as much The last issue of Ukrainian Philatelist to its members for as modest a fee. A smaIl reached me only today. Its looks magnificent! increase in dues would enable UPNS to better Congratulations! manage its financial obligations. Sincerely, Finally, I would like to commend you Lubomyr Onyshkevych for another excellent, wide ranging journal: topics from expertising marks on backs of stamps to court stamps of East Galicia! Comments on the Previous Issue of UP (No. 71172) Congratulations again! Val Zabijaka 21 September 1994 Editor: Mr. Zabijaka's concerns have been Dear Ingert, addressed. The second issue of Post and Philately of Ukraine has ap I would like to address three topics in peared and is much more geared to this letter. philatelists - let's hope it stays that way. Look for a review in a future First, I'd like to commend Dr. John Ukrainian Philatelist. Paul Himka on his excellent review of Post and Philately of Ukraine. Although the new As of 1996 UPNS annual mem journal created a nice first impression with its berships will rise by $2 to $20 US color cover, I was very disappointed by its (still an excellent deal when one content which included articles on medicine, a considers all the benefits). horoscope, poems, etc. While in K yiv last summer, I met the real editor of this journal. His name is Mr. M. Y Matrokhin and he was picked (by Mr. I. S. Shcherbatenko who is Ukrainian PhiloLewl No. 73n4 (\ 995) 125 21 August 1995 on the Backs of Trident Overprinted Stamps: A Study." All collectors should familiarize Dear Ingert, themselves with these markings ... Congratulations on another very fine Another article "Carpatho-Ukraine: issue of the Ukrainian Philatelist. Even The Private Yasiniya (Jasina) Local Issue of though Ukraine is not my area of collecting, 1939" is a fine informative piece. However, to it's not hard to see that a lot of work and call these private fantasy overprints (by whom thought has gone into this latest issue. ever they were produced, some individual(s) or some organization) a local issue is incorrect Your No. 71 /72 features an excellent and only misleading to collectors. article by Michael Shulewsky on Carpatho Ukraine. I have never heard of these private Sincerely, issues by way of trident overprints and I won Borys Fessak der how many of our Czecho collectors know about them. I was also intrigued by Mr. Shul ewsky's reference to Jay Carrigan and Walter More About Those Chernihiv Trident Rauch, both of whom I know quite well. Overprints (see UP No. 69170, p. 147) Naturally, I am very interested in having your pennission to reprint this article with the usual 30 April 1995 acknowledgments. Dear Ingert, Sincerely, Mirko Vondra, Editor The Czechoslovak Specialist I've come across a Chernihiv com memorative overprint on a 3.00/3k stamp! It is identical to that on the 1.00/1k. By all 28 August 1995 standards of measurements available to me, the 3.00/3k is a Lviv issue. "If" this is part of the Dear Ingert, Chemihiv consignment from "Borysfen" they're identical, as we conjectured (educated I would like to say what a stellar job guess!). Note too that the additional overprint you did on the last issue of the Ukrainian reads down on the 1.00 but up on the 3.00. Philatelist! First rate all the way. Sincerely yours, Thank you and best wishes, Peter Bylen Brian Webber 16 October 1995 Dear Ingert, Congratulations on another wonderful issue of the Ukrainian Philatelist! Especially useful for all collectors of classical Ukrainian stamps is the article "Marks Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 126 WESTERN UKRAINE: FORGERIES AND FANTASIES by Peter Bylen Fakes and forgeries have long forgery. The collector should carefully study afHicted Ukrainian philately. Years ago the the enlargement in Bulafs book~ and note the packet trade took advantage of the low cost characteristics of the genuine overprint. The and abundance of Russian definitive stamps overprint in Figure 1 is suspect for a number and overprinted many of them with various of reasons chief among them being that the tridents. Through the years many of these left frame is unbroken. None of my fabricated overprints have been properly examples are signed. identified and weeded out of collections. Their seemingly ubiquitous presence, The Lviv Post Office commemorated however, once prompted the question, Why the 75th anniversary of the first Western not collect forgeries?l Ukraine postage stamps with a pictorial cancel that duplicated the Lviv overprint. 6 The stamps of the Western Ukrainian Fortunately, the image was not very good National Republic did not escape the and it is not likely to be further used for the machinations of ovetprint fabricators manufacture of a new generation of fake (although on a lesser scale and under Lviv ovetprints. different circumstances). In the Illustrated Postllge StIImp H"lSfQry of Western Lviv Issue: 3, 5, 10, 20 heUers Ukrainian Republic 1918-1919,2 John Bulat warned readers that while there were a The Kolomyla Issue number of Western Ukraine stamps on the philatelic market, the overwhelming majority The Kolomyia Issues are among the were counterfeits. While Bulat examined most difficult to authenticate. The collector genuine overprints by identifYing their should study these issues carefully and have "determinant characteristics of genuineness, "3 purchases expertized by a competent an overview of assorted Western Ukraine authority. There are clever forgeries, some forgeries was never made. of which painstakingly reproduce identifiable positions (as well as create new ones!). The This article will survey Western forgery in Figure 2 is most frequently Ukraine forgeries and fantasies4 detailing encountered, but a careful comparison of the some of their distinguishing characteristics. inks exposes it as fake. Many of these The effort is at best preliminarily and subject forgeries are backstamped "J.R.", to considerable expansion. Some readers "FILATELISTAlLWOW", even "Echt" (= might take exception to broadcasting Western genuine; Figure 3) by a "J.D.", and most Ukraine forgeries and see it as a disservice to commonly "lB."7 Values are known with Ukrainian philately, but the value of inverted ovetprints. exposing forgeries and fantasies far outweighs any short-term negative affects. KolDmyialssue: 51J5h, lOl3h, 1016h, lOIl2h The Lvlv Issue There are two Kolomyia fakes that are fairly easy to detect. One is shown in The Lviv Issue (sometimes called the Figure 4 with the Ukr.N.R. set too closely. Lemberg Issue) can claim at least one This forgery is found mostly on mint stamps, UkrainUIn Philatelist No. 73174 (1995) 127 Figure 1 Figure 2 fILA n~I!:T.\ llvdw' '!' Figure 3 Figure 5 Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 128 but favor cancelled examples are known, The Stanyslavlv Issue especially on piece. Figure 5 shows a cover from a European auction8 with stamps The Poburenny Forgeries. The described as coming from a trial printing forgeries of the Stanyslaviv Issue have given (Probedruk). The cover bears a single-ring Western Ukraine collectors the most BAGINSBERG/BEI KOLOMEA KOLO problems. The so-called "Poburenny" fakes KOLOMYJI dated 28 December 1918. Notice are among the most difficult to distinguish. that the 15 heller stamp is overprinted with Stefan Poburenny was an official in the "10" instead of "5".9 Pieces are also known Directorate of Posts. In 1954 an item was with a (fake?) two-ring KOLOMYlA 1I2b published in the Mercury SIIImp Journal, KOLO:MEA 1. Varieties are known with which stated that Poburenny produced these inverted overprints (Figure 6) and with a forgeries while in exile in Yugoslavia,12 missing k resulting in aUT. variety (Figure According to a "W.R.C." of Quebec, Canada 7) not on the genuine. Several of my copies in the "Question Box" feature: are signed with a "Z" or "N" within a circle. "There are plenty of forgeries of the Western Ukraine KolDmyla Issue: 5/15. 10/15, 10/3, 10/6, 10/12 overprints (Scott No. 1 to 81) on the market They heOer should be bought only from reputable dealers, who have made sure that the items are genuine. Many faked overprints are sold on the strength of the fact, The other Kolomyia forgery (Figure that they have a backstamp "POBURENNY" on their 8) is distinguished by the uncharacteristic U back, because Mr. Poburenny was the Postmaster in Ukr. where the tail extends to the left General [sic) of this short·lived country. But rather than upwards as in the genuine. pmctically all stamps he sold after he went into exile Examples I have examined are all unsigned. in Jugoslavia [sic) are fakes, which he had printed after he left the country of origin. Curiously enough, he never faked the characteristic setting varieties of KolDmylalssue: 10/3, 10/6, 10/12 heller the genuine overprints - missing "Pen", "Y", or "H", thin "Y", and others . and we have seen them on Forgeries of the Kolomyia registration originals Only."ll stamp are not frequently encountered but . they exist. A crude set (Figure 9), possibly This account has not, to my of Czech origin, exists in black on reddish knowledge, ever been corroborated. Bulat rose paper, as well as buff paper. 1O states that the "Poburenny" mark (Figure 10) Collectors familiar with genuine specimens has never been found on a genuine item.14 are not likely to be fooled. Whether Poburenny produced these improperly marked forgeries or not, the I have also seen a 30 satyk Kolomyia weight of the "Poburenny" signature at one registration stamp that was nothing more time gave this forgery instant credibility. than a photocopy of a genuine issue on pink Many of these forgeries have additional paper. 11 signatures or marks: a boxed "L.K.", "MR", "LISSIUKINY", "LISSIUK/NEW YORK", K olDmyla Registration Issue: 30 sotyk, 50 sotyk "Richter", "JOSEF BAUMGARTENIWIEN" , and even the Ekonomat cachet (Figure 11). IS Figure 12 illustrates the back of a fake issue with four Baumgarten, one "Poburenny," and Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73174 (1995) 129 Figure 4 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 9 Figure 10 FigureS Figure 11 Figure 12 Ukrainian PhiJDJewt No. 73n4 (1995) 130 Figure 13 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figurel8 Figure 14 Uk,ainian Philalelist No. 73n4 (1995) 131 portions of two strikes of the Ekonomat stamp soaked off to defraud informed cachet. collectors (not to mention the uninformed collectors!). The postmark most often used The "Poburenny" forgeries are to cancel these fakes is a steel two-ring probably the single most dangerous forgery STRYJI/*a" postmark dated either 20.IV.19 the Western Ukraine collector will encounter; (Figure 19) or 23.IV.19. let us review a few issues to illustrate several distinctive characteristics. Figure 13 FirstStanyslavivIssue: 3 shah;. 5. 6. 12.15, 20. 25. resembles that of a First Stanyslaviv Issue but 30 shahiv with a placement of asterisks different than in genuine overprints: the fakes are 19nun apart Second Stanyslaviv Issue, Third Set: 1 shaha (should read shahi), 2, 3 shahi, 10, 15. 20. 60, 80 while genuine overprints have asterisks shahiv spaced IOmm apart. Figure 14 is a cover bearing a two-ring STANISLAU 1I6a Reduced-Serif Forgeries. There is a STANISLA WOW I * cancel dated II April second group of forgeries that is quite 1919, with three "Poburenny" forgeries of common. A complete forged set of the the First Stanyslaviv Issue. Notice the Second Stanyslaviv Issue, Third Set is placement of the asterisks. Also, the 25 illustrated in Figure 20. These fakes can heller value never received this overprint. 16 generally be found in dealer's stocks priced Forged stamps have also been observed with generously discounted and marked "as is." a STANISLAU 1I3a STANISLA WOW 1* The dull gray-black ink and short (in some cancellation. cases non-existent) serifs -- especially in N - immediately give this fake away (Figure 21). Figure 15 is the first value of the The majority are mint but some can be found Second Stanyslaviv Issue, Third Set. The cancelled (even with full gum). A few are genuine overprint reads shahi while this fake signed "Karl Sauer/WlEN" Notice the reads shaha. This clever fake is found mint improper spelling on the 1, 2, and 3 values and used; it also exists with the overprint which should read shahi not shahiv. doubled (Figure 16) and inverted (Figure 17). In the Fourth Set of the Second Stanyslaviv Issue, shahiv is not separated The overprint in Figure 18 is identical (Figure 22) sha hivas in the genuine. Note to Figure 15 except the denomination now too the omitted obliterator bar. reads shahiv. This is one of the most clever of the "Poburenny" forgeries. The ink is The forgery in Figure 23 is identical wrong, however, and in this instance the dot to those discussed above and most likely in i of shahiv is abnormally large. manufactured by the same culprit. The obliterators are faithfulJy executed but spaced In perusing the philatelic market, one 13.5mm apart; genuine obliterators are occasionally encounters "pieces" with the spaced 14mm apart. "expertising" signature off to the side. Collectors should be aware that in some cases The forgery in Figure 24 is related to the Poburenny signature is clipped or the those discussed above (note the characteristic Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73174 (1995) 132 Figure 19 Figure 20 133 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure 28 Ukrainian PhiUuelist No. 73n4 (1995) 134 short rOlDlded serifs); it also errs in the trick the serious collector. In Figure 27 the denomination that should read sllahiv instead letters are thick, boxed, and without serifs; of IIryvni. This stamp is separated from its the ink is a dull gray-black. All my examples "sisters" above because of 'the difference in are on previously cancelled stamps. Several setting. The fake overprint in Figure 25 has have additional "ZRAZOK" (specimen) also been found on the 1 krone postage due overprints applied separately in either red or issue of 1916 purporting to be from the gray-black. None of these fakes are signed. Fourth Stanyslaviv Issue, Fourth Set, which This forgery includes a 25 heller which was should read IIryvlla and does not have a not overprinted in the genuine set. IIryvni positional variety. Figure 28 is related to the above The fantasy in Figure 26 is related to forgery, the difference is the absence of the the forgeries above by the characteristic short asterisks. My only example bears an serifs; it consists of an obliterator bar over Austrian field post cancel from 1916 which the "PORTO" inscription and additional was altered to read 1918; it also bears a faint numerals above the denomination. This impression of the "ZRAZOK" overprint in specimen is clearly a "hybrid" fantasy made black. This stamp is not signed. from components of genuine overprints. These fantasies should not fool the informed First Stanyslilviv Issue: 10, 20, 25, 30, 40 shahi. collector. Second Stanyslilviv Issue, Third Set: 10 shahiv First Stanys/aviv Issue: 5, 6, 12, 15, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80 shahiv and 1k hryvni Sloppy Forgeries. The next group of forgeries are poorly executed. I originally Second Stanyslilviv Issue, First Set: 1 (should read thought they were drawn by hand because shaha), 2, 3 (should read shahi), 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 20, many copies were further high1ighted by 50shahiv hand with a shiny black ink. Later, I was Second Stanys/aviv Issue, Second Set: 10, 20, 30 able to identifY specimens that were not hryvni (should read shahiv) further high1ighted. The overprint (Figure 29) only slightly resembles the genuine ; it Second Stanyslilviv Issue, Third Set: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, is also used as an exemplar for the forged 10, 12, 15,20, 25,30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 90 shahiv and stamp (or is it the other way arolDld?) in the 2, 3, 4, 10 hryvni Minkus CaIJllog (Figure 30). Upon close examination one immediately realizes that its Second Stanyslilviv Issue, Founh Set: 15, 50 shahiv designer was either playing games or completely ignorant of the Cyrillic alphabet. Founh Stanys/aviv Issue, First Set: 3 (on 31{), 4 (on Note that in the first line sll in Poshlll is 4k) hryvni (perforated 11.5 variety) inverted. In the second line p in the abbreviated Rep is a Roman II, this may be Hybrid Fantasy Issue: 1, 5 hryvni the source for the popular "pen" designation. Obvious Forgeries. The Stanyslaviv The h in shahiv resembles a Roman T and Issue has also had forgeries so obvious that the v at the end of shaltiv is reversed. Note its is difficult to believe they were prepared to Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 135 IIornTa Yh:p.H.Pen. wariB * * Figure 30 Figure 29 Figure 31 Figure 34 Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 35 Figure 36 Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73/74 (1995) 136 too, that the U in Uia has an extra long loop Flawed Forgeries. Figure 33 is a in the tail. frequently encountered forgery, but it has certain characteristic flaws. The black ink is This particular forgery has been rich and dark. The incomplete impression of fOlmd in collections purchased from both P in Posltt. resembles the genuine position 7 sides of the Atlantic, but it is most likely of but the letters lack the characteristic serifs of European origin. The overprint seems to the genuine. Additionally, the overall have been arbitrarily applied to previously measurements do not square with the postmarked stamps, some with tmlikely genuine. The key characteristics of this locations (e.g. Praha). Examples highlighted forgery, however, are the small arms on the t by hand have additional errors. In Figure 31 and the uneven alignment of the cap to the the Pin Pos"t. is changed into an H and the body of the II in Posltt. (Figure 34). One of v in sltlllUv is changed into an II. my copies is signed "MARBACH" (who should have known better). This series of forgeries displays other mistakes that should not escape the Figure 35 is related to Figure 33, but discerning collector's notice. The low value shows a change in the denomination and the in the First Stanyslaviv Issue should read addition of asterisks. Note the tell-tale t and s"aIU not s"lIIUv; the Second Stanyslaviv, II in Posltt.. My copies of these values are First Set should not have asterisks; and the identified as forgeries on the reverse by "JM" Second StanysIaviv, Third Set, on a 2k (James Mazepa). overprinted s"aIUv should read "1)'11";/ The' latter is an amusing forgery that should not First Stan),slllViv Issue: 4, 10 hryvni fool the infonned collector. None of my examples are signed. Second Stan),slllViv Issue, Tltird Set: 1 shaha, 10, 12, 25, 40, 50, 60, 90 shahiv First Stan),slllViv Issue: 3 (should read shah;), 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20,40,50,60shahiv A Third Stanyslaviv Issue Forgery. A discussion of Western Ukraine overprint Second StanyslllViv Issue, rust Set: 1 shahiv forgeries would not be complete without mentioning the Third Stanyslaviv Issue. A Second StanyslllViv Issue, Third Set: 2, 20, 80 forgery has been found on a 10 heller Franz shahiv and a 2k ·shahiv· Josef stamp not used in the genuine set (Figure 36). Other fakes are certain to exist. Figure 32 is another careless forgery; it shows a larger than normal final period in Miscellany. Other fantasy overprints the second line. The ink is heavily applied and ukrainianized cancellations can be yet translucent. Both my examples have reported. The fantasy in Figure 37 is contrived cancellations and are illegibly illustrated for the record; I don't think its signed "[?????]ELDI LONDON". intent was to seriously fool anyone. The stamp is overprinted "U.N.R." with a smudgy Second Stan)'slllViv Issue, Third Set: 6, 15 shahiv black ink on a previously cancelled 10 heller stamp. Agents in some smaller provincial post offices were known to ukrainianize Ulaainian PlriJotewt No. 73174 (1995) 137 Figure 37 Figure 38 Figure 39 Figure 41 Figure 40 Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 138 eXlStmg Austrian stamps on their own Notes initiative,11 However, the overprint on this stamp is applied over a postmark. An 1Cecil W. Roberts in "Ukraine Forgeries" RosrictJ auction house offered a lot containing a 76177 (1969): 83, suggested "that some consider similar overprint with an estimate of making a collection of Ukraine Trident forgeries. 18 Well, if they are so plentiful, why not?" Indeed, $250.00. Figure 38 shows a block of four many forgeries have been the subject of meticulous with a favor cancelled two-ring postmark documentation, see especially Raymond J. Ceresa's NOVE SELO"'KOLO PIDVOLOCHYSK'" handbooks that offer a great deal more information dated 31 May 1919. on forgeries than genuine overprinted stamp issues. Figure 39 shows a stamp with a 2Yonkers, NY Philatelic Publications, 1973. portion of a negative circular mark with a trident and post horn sandwiching letters that 3ibid, page v. appear to read HOLYN. Figure 40 illustrates a stamp with a funny looking mark reading 41n this study a forgery is a genuine postage stamp KHODORIV Figure 41 is a composite of a with a fraudulently manufactured overprint made to circular cachet reading URIAD resemble an authentic overprint. A fantasy is an POCHTOVYI/ .... ZOLOCHOVl.... sur- overprint on a genuine postage stamp that bears little or no relation to any authentic overprint. The term rounding a Lviv lion for Zolochiv. All three fab. adequately describes both categories. of these marks were applied on previously cancelled postage stamps. 5ibid, page 14, see also 1.S. Tedecky "Stamps of Western Ukraine" Rosrica 73 (1967): 48-52. On Forgeries and fantasies can be costly pages 49-50, Terlecky discusses characteristics of the but they can also be fun. In summing up, genuine Lvivoverprint. allow me to offer two parting suggestions. First, when collecting Western Ukraine it is 6See illustration in Trident VlSnyk 100 (1994): 21. imperative that each collector begin the important learning process of becoming 7The "1.B." mark has been falsely attributed to Joseph hislher own expert. Second, whenever in Baumgarten; Jerry Tkachuk suggested this may be a "J. Bohdan" who fabricated stamps in Romania. doubt -- or to confirm one's own opinion - the services of a competent expert are 8Schuh. Brie/markenauktionhaus, 30 November invaluable. 1991,Iot 2065. The writer would like to express his 9An essay with a similar setting was prepared as a appreciation for the valuable assistance he 10/ 15 heller. received from Lubomyr Hugel, James Mazepa, Bohdan Pauk, Jerry Tkachuk, and 101 am grateful to Lubomyr Hugel for this insight. Valentyn Zabijaka. Comments, suggestions, and the opportunity to examine (or II A photocopied Kolomyia Registration Issue stamp purchase) Western Ukraine forgeries and was offered by a Russia-area stamp dealer. I returned fantasies that could expand the current it with photocopies of Kolomyia Registration Issues (Bulat, page 28) on pink paper. While the paper listing would be greatly appreCiated. varied slightly, the point was demonstrated. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 139 121t has been suggested that after the Polish A Postscript Ukrainian War Ukrainians would more likely have escaped to Austria rather than Yugoslavia; there is Allow me a postscript on the UPNS and its strong evidence to suggest that Poburenny himself expertization services. First, the suggestion made by was of Czech origin (Bulat, page 46). James Mazepa in the Ukrainian PhiJ.aJelist 39 (1976- 1977), page 24, that the society accredit experts to 13Decernber 1954, page 191. work on specific issues was long overdue. Twenty years later it is more overdue than ever. Effectively implementing an apprenticeship program has been an 14Bulat, page vi. obstacle. As a solution, I propose consideration of a two-tiered approach for expertization services: one I >nus fact raises questions concerning the legitimacy for identification and one for authentication. of the Ekonomat Document of the Directorate of Posts in Stanyslaviv discussed in Bulat on page 67 The first tier would offer simple identifi and reproduced on pages 68-69. Further questions cation of overprinted stamps by type or sub-type. might also be raised concerning the Poburenny This service could be delegated to apprentices by the EisenbeIg-Komer relationship and the deliberate Expertization Chairman, who in turn would delegate production of the Second and Fourth Stanyslaviv an expert to check the work. Identification services Issues after hostiles between Poles and Ukrainians could be offered at norninal per stamp (Plus postage) had ceased. cost. Fake or questionable overprints might also be identified in the process but these would be 16M1nkus lists the overprinted 25 heller as N17. secondary considerations. Authentication services would be structured 17Bulat, page 89. 10 strict conformity with accepted principles of verification, by committee, and with numbered 18George Alevitos Public Auctions, 15 October photo-certificates issued. Authentication costs would 1991, lot 509. be higher than simple identification because of the added handling costs. In addition, committee opinions with detailed explanations could be published as separate monographs or summarized in the Ukrainian PhiIoJelist to compliment the society's ongoing education program in Ukrainian philately. Price lists of Soviet and/or Western UkraIne stamps, available upon request Please speclty which list you wish to receive and whether you are Interested In multiples, covers, money transfer or parcel cards. Peter Bylen P.O. Box 7193 Westchester, IL 60154-7193 Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 140 WESTERN UKRAINE: AN EXAMINATION OF BK 1011 by Peter Bylen The collector of Western Ukraine will UK 101: Cbaraderlltk. ofPOIItIoa. find 101m Bulat's IlhIstrated Po..,e SIIImp IT.-'Y of We.rtem Ulrllinillll RepulJlie, Thin left ann ofI in Poshtll Partial V in Vier. 1911-1919 Z an indispensable tool for 2 Damaged Ie in UIrr. detai1ing positions of the Kolomyia and First Lower stop after Uk,. Stmys1aviv Issues. However, collectors Different font for ~ in Itryven (roood desiring to plate other issues are required to rather than oval) perfonn acrobatics with the book's 3 Missing stop after N. iUustrations of the Second and Fourth 4 Damaged upper right leg of N. Damaged sltJ in POShtll Stmys1aviv Issues to detennine relative 5 6 Different font in V in UIrr. positions. 7 • 8 Space between n and soft-sign in The First Set of the Fourth hrpm larger than normal Stmys1aviv Issue is one in a group of 9 Missing serif top left ofR in RqJ. Western Ukraine stamps "issued" during May hrpny instead of hrpm of 1919.3 These overprints were applied on 10 Damaged top right leg of N. the Austro-Hungarian Field Post Issues with 11 Different font in V in Vier. Damaged Ie in Vier. an obliterator bar over the inscription Damaged lower left leg in N. "K.u.K. FElDPOST" and decorative clover 12 Damaged right trunk ofI in POShtll obliteratom over each value. The overprinted Damaged Ie in UIrr. inscription in two lines reads Poslltll Ula. N. 13 Top ofP in POShtll sloped Rep. with the new va1ue set over the 14 • decorative obliteratom and 1I1'}'1'D1 as the 15 Missing V in Uler. monetary unit. Holed R in RqJ. 16 • 17 Missing RqJ. Bulat implies that the IIryven printing 18 Weak Ie in UIrr. block (page 80) applies to both the SI2K and hrpey instead of hrp~n the 10/S0h issue, it does not. I examined 19 Damaged cap in R ofRqJ. intact and reconstructed panes of the 10/SOh 20 Damaged v in hrpm resembles a 3 stamp in the Fourth Stanyslaviv Issue, First 21 Partial decorative obliterator Damaged, in hrpln Set (BK 101; Scott 81) and have noted 22 23 Damaged V in UIrr. distinctive characteristics of each position 24 Damaged V in UIrr. where they exist. The following list details 25 Weak V in UIrr. these characteristics and should assist the collector in his plating efforts. • = No distinctive characteristics noted Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73174 (1995) 141 Note. I BK refers to Bylen-Kuzych catalog nwnbers used in European powers were negotiating terms of peace. Western Ukraine: A Call1lDg-CheckUst UPR No. I These issues were postally irrelevant. I would submit (Westchester, IL: Ukrainian Philatelic Resources, an unprovable - but · ·probable thesis that these issues 1995). were prepared at the provocation of an individual named Eisenberg (an agent for an Austrian philatelist; see Bulat, page 67) and an unscrupulous Western 2Yonkers, NY: Philatelic Publications, 1973. Ukraine postal official for speculative purposes. Stefan Poburenny had contact with Eisenberg, 3May 1919 is that nebulous period when Poland evidenced by the resultant Ekonomat Docwnenl; lirmIy held all Western Ukraine territory and Western illustrated in Bulat, pages 68-69). Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73174 (1995) 142 INTERESTING PAGES OF THE CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN POST by Hryhoriy Lobko From 24 August 1991, the day Ukraine post-Soviet Russia. No wonder, therefore, declared its independence, to the end of that that with frequent steep increases of Ukrainian year, the "Ukrainian Post" still existed only as rates due to rampant inflation, orders of Ukrai an integral part of the post of the former nian prestamped postal envelopes have been US SR. In the absence of its own postage notoriously late in arriving from Russia. As a stamps, calendar cancels, and postal forms, the result of this delay, these envelopes would functioning of the Ukrainian posts was carried often bear stamps with insufficient postage out by utilizing Soviet postage stamps, the printed on them. This situation brought about most recent USSR postal rates, and old Soviet a new type of mixed postage whereby a Soviet calendar cancels and postal forms even though stamp or stamps appeared affixed to a Ukrai the USSR no longer existed. Thus, only the nian prestamped postal envelope to satisfy the calendar cancel dates indicated that given then-existing postal rate (Figure 3). pieces of mail originated in what had become The above categories are the three independent Ukraine. basic post-Soviet Empire types; they can be In this article, I would like to concen augmented by a number of variants in the trate strictly on the Ukrainian postal curiosities making up of existing postal rates. Especially that were produced following the above-de interesting are not so much the privately sent scribed initial period of Ukraine's mail service. items of mail, but rather those which emanated These items were unaffected by the activities from official sources. offorgers whose numbers, unfortunately, have A special chapter could constitute multiplied considerably oflate. those items of mail which, although mailed in 1. Soviet prestamped postal enve Ukraine, nevertheless utilized prestamped lopes, bearing additional Soviet stamps added envelopes of post-Soviet Russia; or envelopes to cover Ukraine's increased postal rates, which, although mailed in Ukraine, had the constitute the earliest items of interest for stamps of various Commonwealth ofIndepen collectors of Ukraine's new postal history. dent States countries affixed to them. There Thus, in the absence of its own stamps, the are no postal regulations that would justify the Ukrainian mail was forced to use the stamps of existence of those types of mailings, but their a by then non-existent state, utilizing in this presence is, nevertheless, attested and was manner huge supplies of Soviet stamps that common during the years 1992-94 in Ukraine. were still to be found in Ukraine (Figure 1). It might be useful to mention that while 2. With the appearance of Ukrainian the USSR existed, prestamped envelopes stamps-issued by Ukrainian postal authorities were printed for the whole of that political (to be used nationwide) and also locally (used entity in the towns of Perm and R yazhsk, as a rule in the area where they were issued) which after the demise of the USSR ended up mixed postage began to appear (Ukrainian being situated in Russia. But in other post stamp + Soviet stamp either printed on the Soviet and newly independent countries no postal envelope (Figure 2) or affixed to a one bothered to cancel the old Soviet orders stamp less envelope; or a local Ukrainian for the production of those types of envelopes, stamp + Soviet stamp either printed on the which were not initially received by some postal envelope or affixed to a stampless central office (e.g. in Kyiv), but were sent envelope; and so on). directly to the given localities. 3. In spite of the availability of appro Upon receipt ofthe prestamped enve priate printing facilities in Ukraine, this coun lopes, postally still valid in Ukraine even try's Ministry of Communications has for today, no one paid any attention to the low several years now been ordering the printing of kopek values of Soviet stamps printed on Ukrainian prestamped postal envelopes in them, for the Ukrainian postal rates had by Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 143 then increased far beyond the values of the centers. printed stamps. Soon, however, those Russian 5. Occurring at the same time, but factories began to produce envelopes with only very rarely, are Ukrainian prestamped Russia printed on them. At that time a deci envelopes mailed in Russia with the addition of sion was made "not to rack one's brain" with Russian stamps to cover the postal rate. One orders from Ukraine: "We'll satisfY the de such item was mailed from the city of mands of 'our younger brother' with what we Rostov-on-the-Don to Kyiv by the local office have in stock, i. e. with Russian envelopes." of municipal tax inspection: it was addressed The "lucky" customers of these Rus to the K yiv tax inspection office and had a sian goods turned out to be the post offices of Yalta (i.e. a town in Ukraine's Autonomous Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk[ e], Donetsk[ e], Republic of Crimea) added surcharge on a lvano-Frankivsk[e], Kyiv, Luhansk[e], Poltava, Ukrainian prestamped cachet-envelope with a Sumy, and Zaporizhia oblasts (i .e. provinces). picture of a Cossack and a 27 karbovantsiv One also cannot exclude the possibility that stamp printed on it; there were also three there were other Ukrainian oblasts which, stamps of Russia affixed to this envelope while also receiving these types of "gifts" from (Figure 5). It is fairly easy to reconstruct the Russia, refrained from putting this postal process by which this "pearl" was created: a material into circulation. party in Ukraine wrote a business letter to May the ethical aspects of this affair Russia and, in order to obtain a speedy reply, remain on the consciences of the authorities of included a self-addressed envelope without those Russian factories. What was surprising, being bothered by the fact that this Ukrainian however, was the attitude taken by some prestamped envelope had no postal validity in postal workers in Ukraine with regard to this Russia. nonsensical situation; I had an opportunity to 6. I acquired a similar item mailed experience it first hand while on a business trip from Chi§inau (in Moldova): a Soviet to the city ofKryvyi Rih. My question: "Why prestamped envelope franked with a Ukrai are you selling Russian envelopes in Ukraine?" nian 20 karbovantsiv (Narbut) stamp (Figure was "adroitly" answered by a postal clerk with: 6). The intriguing feature of this cover is the "Why, you are not sending your letter to fact that it has no stamp( s) of Moldova on it. Americal !" To my following question: "And The cover is addressed to one ofKyiv 's institu would I have to affix an American stamp on tions and it is very unlikely that the staff of the my letter to America?", I received an answer latter would have sent its foreign correspon which I wouldn't dare to print here. It isn't dents any stamps of Ukraine. The Moldovan even the question of some postal workers correspondent was probably trying to demon having low professional training, for the Ukrai strate his sympathy for Ukraine, without nian mail is still one of the fastest in the Com bothering about losses incurred by the Post of monwealth of Independent States, but rather Moldova. the fact that the postal management does not 7 Covers may be found mailed within sufficiently care about the image of its coun Ukraine that have added postage covered by try, and the handling of that image is then left both regular and provisional Ukrainian stamps, to the clerks at the post office. as well as by stamps of Russia, Belarus, 4. Thus, there are prestamped enve Moldova, and Lithuania (Figure 7). There can lopes of post-Soviet Russia which went be only one explanation for this apparent through the mail in Ukraine; known too, are carelessness shown by the senders: an institu envelopes of that type which are supplemented tion receives a letter from one of the countries by Ukrainian stamps needed to obtain the then of the Commonwealth of Independent States valid Ukrainian postal rate (Figure 4). Espe carrying stamps that for some reason remained cially interesting are the envelopes with added uncancelled; the secretary of this institution provisional stamps or meter like surcharges would then remove these "unused" stamps and prepared at the raion (i.e. county) postal affix them to a cover sent within Ukraine. Ukrainian PhiUztelist No. 73(/4 (1995) 144 Kyaa Figure 1 Figure 2 r __ . ' -. ..., . ~ Figure 3 Figure 4 , . Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 145 Figure 5 ';::\"'\: ! :-1" . I. • . / K GO ? 0.~-3 Figure 7 Figure 9 "~ ...... , ~ . , CI , : - D);.A. . -. ,, -~]:. ~ ~ I ~- -~.. ~ I . . . ~- - .18;", .,... Q MA.'5YT - .,.(J)J) . '»;NJf* . ", :: > .' (J..(J! Ukrainian Philatelist No. 7ln. (1995) 146 Sometimes the name of the country that issued is erroneous, for while provisional stamps these stamps is camouflaged by a Ukrainian were prepared in accordance with instructions stamp that partly covers the foreign stamp(s) of Ukraine's Ministry of Communications, leaving only the indication of value visible. raion postal centers, or individual post offices, 8. A similar situation may be observed the sticker preparations were initiated and with the usage of provisional stamps. As a prepared by either the senders themselves rule these stamps were used locally at their (RSs) or by postal clerks (PFSs). place of origin. There are, however, covers RSs are identical to surcharges or known with provisional stamps sent from areas indications on envelopes from which they were with no connection to the locale where these cut out; several of them can appear on a stamps were originally issued. This phenome mailed item in all kinds of combinations (Fig non is illustrated in the case of a cover with a ure 9). provisional K yiv stamp mailed by an institution 10. As a rule, postal clerks affixed the in Zhytomyr (Figure 8), as well as on covers PFSs-P onto items to be mailed after they cut with local surcharges. Some philatelists feel, off the calendar cancel from the original enve therefore, that such "distribution" entitles these lope (Figure 10). However, PFSs-P mail items local emissions to be considered regular issues could also have, side by side, analogous meter of Ukraine. canceUation impressions; such items should be A separate category was created by classified as added impressions! Mail items stickers, which were often used to supplement with these types of combinations were, in the rate needed for an item to be mailed. many instances, made to order at Ukrainian Stickers were manufactured either repetitively post offices; they present a problem for re or prefabricated. Since this terminology seems searchers of Ukrainian postal history who to be relatively new and has, to my knowledge, reside abroad [and frequently only have access never been used in philatelic literature, it to photocopies]. Still, a certain amount of merits some additional explanation. these types of postal items did go through the "REPETITIVE STICKER" (hence official mail channels. forth RS) - prepared at raion postal centers or Il. PFSs-I differ from PFSs-P in that at individual post offices by cutting out sur the former always appear on mailed items side charges (indications made manually or me by side with a meter cancellation that also chanically) on envelopes. RSs were used for contains the name and address of the expedit payment of any postally sent item; this type of ing institution. A given piece of mail can carry payment was not prohibited by the postal either one PFS-I (Figure 11) or several of regulations of Ukraine. them, depending on the rate amount to be "PREFABRICATED STICKER" covered. (henceforth PFS) - prepared on meter cancel Even though many different types of lation machines by postal clerks (using rectan franking have been described in this article; I gular or otherwise-shaped pieces of paper) in expect others will still surface in the future. I order to speed up cancellation of correspon would appreciate hearing from anyone with dence or when cancellation by means of further information or comments on this sub regular cancelling machines turned out to be ject. My address is: impossible, e.g. on bulky packages or letters. PFSs were used for any type of mailing; they Hryhoriy Lobko could appear with or without a calendar can 10 Prorizna Street, Apt 14 cel. One can distinguish between PFSs-P, 252034 KYIv-34 which were prepared at post offices, and UKRAINE (UA) PFSs-I, which were prepared by state institu tions. [Translation by Alexander Malycky.] 9. Philatelists often consider the RSs and PFSs to be provisional stamps. This view UkrainiJUI PltilaJewt No. 73n 4 (1995) 147 r.Kl1eB-34 7. n.YKanOBa 47 6 rPrrA cca pMa"CaHTexMoHTalK-I" OMy ______KocTlOtJeHKo __ K r .lKI1TOMI1 YJI. apaHoBa, ------~--" :7 1"1 CY-523 Figure 8 Figure 10 ME}-KAYHAPOAHOE f1 Kyoa P 0 C C 11 Figure 11 ,'- --. I ~ I nr : r. 252008. K WiB-8. I '~ : 0 0 BYA.M.rpYWEBCbKorO .12/2 • .1 ~,2 7 MiHAEPlKPECYPCIB . I L7 3 u Y K P A"j H ~ l A -. ~ L ---,' " ------\.... --- ; Kyoa BV~. ilpoP83Ha ,I5 Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73174 (1995) 148 UIKABI CTOPIHKH CyqACHOi YKPAiHCbKOi nOmTH flOllaB rparopiB J/06KO Y nOlJa TKOBOMY neplO.Ql lCHYBaHHlI HeMapKOBaHOMY KOBepTi; aoo MicueBa nOWTH He3aJIelKHOi YKpaiHH, Bi.Q 24-ro MapKa + MapKa CCCP, Ha.aPYKoBaHa Ha KO cepnHlI 1991-ro POKY, KOJIH YKpaiHa npo BepTi COB€TCbKOro 3pa3Ka, lJH .aoJIin rOJIOCHJIa CBOIO He3aJIelKHicTb, .QO KiHUli JleHa Ha HeMap! Ukrainilln PhiklJe1ist No. 73n4 (1995) 149 pellHbO Ha MiCl.\lIX. BillOMi lloq,paHKYBaHHlI Ha HHX 110 iCHYIO '1oro TapHq,y YKpaiHCbKHMH MapKaMH ('I. npH OTpHMaHHi MapKOBaHHX KOBep 4). HaAfJiJlbwy 3al.\iKaBJleHicTb BHKJlHKa TiB HixTO BlKe B Y KpaiHi He 3BepTaB yBa IOTb KOBepTH 3 1l0llPYKaMH i q,paHKono- rn Ha MapKH. 4eAlKe TapHq,H 3POCJlH TOlli 3Ha'leHHlIMH paAOHHHX BY3J1iB 3B'lI3KY. BlKe B lleClITKH pa31B, i TOMY nOWTOBi npal.\iBHHKH irH0pYBaJlH HallPYKOBaHi Ha 5. llYlKe pillKO TpanJllllOTbCli ne KOBepTaX MapKH 3 IlpifJHHMH KoniA'IaHHMH peCHJlaHHlI 3 Pocii Ha YKpaiHCbKHX Map HOMiHaJlaMH. AJle lKHTTli He CToiTb Ha KOBaHHX KOBepTax i 1l0q,paHKOBaHHX PO MiCl.\i, i pociAcbKi q,afJpHKH nepeAWJlH, lIK ciAcbKHMH MapKaMH. Ue 3aCBill'lY~ nepe i HaJlelKHTb, Ha BHnYCK KOBepTiB 3 CHJlaHHlI, liKe npoAwJlo nOWTY 3 nOllaT HallPYKOBaHHMH Ha HHX MapKaMH Pocii. 3 KOBOi iHCneKl.\ii MicTa PocToBa- Ha- lloHY YKpaiHcbKHMH 3aMOBJleHHlIMH TaM TOlli B KHiB, Y TaMOWHIO nOllaTKoBY iHcneK BHpiweHO "He JlaMaTH cofJi rOJlOBY": "By l.\ilO, 3 ~JlTHHCbKHM 1l0llpYKOM (ABTOHOM lleMO 3allOBOJlbHlITH nonHT 'MOJlOIlWOrO Ha Pecny6J1iKa KpHM) Ha KOBepTi "K03aK" fJpaTa' THM, 1110 Ma~MO, TOfJTO pociAcbKH 3a 27 KpfJ. i 1l0JlinJleHHMH Ha l.\bOMY KO MH KOBepTaMH" BepTi TpboMa MapKaMH Pocii ('I. 5). MexaHiKa nOllBH TaKoro "nepJla" IlYlKe ''[llacJlHB'lHKaMH'' BHlIBHJlHCli nOWTH npocTa: KopecnOHlleHT 3 YKpaiHH nHwe KHiBCbKOi, 3anopi3bKOi, llHinponeTpoB lliJlOBOrO JlHCTa B POCilO, i, cnOlliBalO CbKOi, 1l0Hel.\bKoi, JlyraHcbKoi, nOJlTaB '1HCb Ha cKopiwy BillnOBillb, 1l0JlY'Ia~ CbKOi, 4epHiriBCbKoi, CYMCbKOi, [BaHO HeBlKHBaHoro KOBepTa, He TypfJYIO'IHCb Ukrainian Philmelist No. 73n4 (1995) 150 MaCKY€TbCli YKpaiHCbKOIO MapKOIO, 3aJIH 9. llOCHTb 1.IaCTO ljliJIaTeJJicTH TIJIY llIaI01.IH Ha BH.aHOTi UHCppH HOMHHaJIY. TaIOTb OH i OBH 3 npoBi30pillMH. Uboro POOHTH He CJIi.a, Do lIKlUO npoBi30pil BH 8. CXOlKY cHTyauiIO MOlKHa npo rOTOBJIliIOTbCli 3ri.aHO 3 HaKa3aMH KepiB CJIi.aKYBaTH 3 BHKOpHCTaHHlIM MicueBHX HHUTBa MiHicTepCTBa 3B'lI3KY YKpaiHH, BH.aaHb. ~K Bi.aOMO, Ha Te BOHH R Mic nOllITaMTiB, i PaROHHHX BY3JIiB 3B'lI3KY, ueBi, lUO BHKOPHCTOBYIOTbCli TiJIbKH TaM, TO HaJIinKH BHrOTOBJIliIOTbCli 3 iHiuillTHBH .ae Ha.apYKOBaHi. ICHYIOTb nepeCHJIaHHlI, CBMHX nOCHJlB'IiB rflHJ 'IH nOlllTOBHX one Ha lIKHX BHKopHCTaHi npoBi30pil, KOTpi PBTOpiB rflBH). He MalOTb HaRMeHllIoro Bi,11HOllIeHHlI .ao MicueBOCTH nOCHJIa1.la. Ue CTOCY€TbCli OH i,11eHTH1.IHi 3 ,110,11PYKaMH Ha KO lIK i MicueBHX MapOK, HanpHKJIa.a Ha nepe BepTax, 3 lIKHX BOHH BHpi3aHi. Ix MOlKe CHJIaHHi, Ha lIKOMY KHiBCbKa npoBi30pili OYTH Ha nepeCHJIaHHi .aeKiJIbKa, KOMoiHa BHKopHCTaHa YCTaHOBOIO MicTa )l(HTOMH uii OH MOlKYTb OYTH HaRpi3HCHaHiTHillIi (1.!. 9) pa (1.1. 8), TaK i IjlpaHKo.aO,11PYKiB. TaKi KypR03H .aaIOTb npaBo KMiTJIHBHM ljliJIa 10. ~K npaBHJIO nOllIToBi onepa TeJIicTaM Ha3HBaTH ui MicueBi BH,11aHHlI TOpH HaJIinJIIOIOTb OBH-O Ha nepecHJIaHHlI, "BceYKpaiHcbKHMH" Bi.api3YI01.IH Bi.a nanipUli Bi,110HTKY KaJIeH .aapHoro llITeMny (1.1. 10). AJIe Ha Toro OKpeMO Tpeoa BHpi3HHTH HaJIinKH, po.ay nepeCHJIaHHlIX nopll.a 3 HaJIinKaMH lIKi 1.IaCTO BHKOPHCTOBYIOTbCli ,11JIli IjlpaH 3YCTpi1.laIOTbCli R aHaJIori1.lHi Bi.aOHTKH, KYBaHHlI nepeCHJIaHb, TaK OH MOBHTH, no 3pOOJIeHi MapKYBaJIbHOIO MallIHHOIO; ix BTOPHO, aoo BHrOTOBJIeHHX 3a3.aaJIeri,11b. Tpeoa KJIliCHljliKYBaHH lIK ,aO,aPYKH! Oe TepMiHOJIorili TaKoro IjlpaHKYBaHHlI Bi.a peCHJIaHHlI 3 no.aiOHHMH KOMoiHauillMH Y HOCHO HOBa, i paHillIe aBTopoBi B JIiTepa BeJIHKHX KiJIbKOCTliX YKpaiHCbKi ljliJiaTe Typi He 3YCTpi1.laJiaClI, TOMY R nOTPeoy€ JIiCTH 3aMOBJIliJiH Ha nOllITi, THM caMHM no.aaJIbllIHX nOllCHeHb. CTaBHBllIH B CKpYTHe CTaHOBHlUe .aoCJIi.a HHKiB YKpaiHCbKoi nOllITH 3aKop.aOHOM. "OOBTOPHA HAJlInKA" (.aaJIi OH) - OeBHa KiJIbKicTb BHlUe3ra.aaHHX pe1.leR BHrOTOBJIlI€TbCli llIJiliXOM BHpi3aHHlI ,110- npORllIJia ypll.aOBY nOllITY· .apYKY aoo n03Ha1.lKH, lIKi oy JIH 3pOOJIeHi Ha KOBepTi PY1.IHHM aDo MexaH!1.IHHM cno 11. OBH-Y Bi.api3Hll€TbCll Bi.a OBH COOOM, Y MicueBoMY PaRoHHoMY BY3JIi o THM, lUO nepllIa iCHY€ Ha nepeCHJIaHHi 3B'lI3KY aDo nOllIToBoMY Bi.a.aiJIeHi. OH 3aBlK,11H nopll.a 3 IjlpaHKo.ao.aPYKOM YCTa BHKOPHCTOBYIOTbCli .aJIli CnJIaTH oy.ab HOBH, Ha lIKOMY n03Ha1.leHa Ii Ha3Ba i lIKoro nepecHJIaHHlI. TaKHR BH.a CnJIaTH nOllITOBa a.apeca. KiJIbKiCTb OBH- Y MOlKe He 3aOOpOHlI€TbCli nOllITOBHMH npaBHJIaMH OYTH o.aHa (1.1 . 11), aDo .aeKiJIbKa, B 3a YKpaiHH. JIelKHOCTi Bi,11 CYMH npHnJIaTH 3a nepe CHJIaHHll. "OOOEPEllHbO BHrOTOBJlEHA HA JlInKA" (.aaJIi OBH) - BHrOTOBJIlI€TbCli He3BalKaI01.IH Ha Te, lUO B uiR CTaT npauiBHHKaMH nOllIT 3 BJiaCHOi iHiuillTHBH Ti no.aaHHR onHC oaraTbox pi3HoMaHiTHHx Ha IjlpaHKYBaJIbHHX MallIHHax; ICHY€ Ha ljliJIaTeJIicTH1.IHHX MaTepillJIiB, aBTop cno npliMoKYTHHX (aDo iHllIOi 1jl0PMH) nanip ,11iBa€TbCli Ha nOllBY HOBHX, lUe He oxon UllX, BHrOTOBJIeHHX 3 MeTOIO npHCKopeHHlI JIeHHX 3Haxi.aOK. BiH TaKOlK oy.ae B.all1.l IjlpaHKYBaHHlI KopecnoH.aeHuii aDo npH HHR YCiM, XTO 3POOHTb 3aYBalKeHHll 1.IH HeMOlKJIHBOCTi .aoljlpaHKYBaHHlI Ha MallIH .aonoBHeHHll ,110 Ui€i cTaTTi. OHcaTH npo Hi (OaH.aepOJIlI, BalKKHR JIHCT, i T. n .). nBH Xa€TbCll Ha a.apecy: BHKOPHCTOBYIOTbCli ,11JIli CnJIaTH OY,11b lIKoro nepeCHJIaHHlI. OBH MOlKe OYTH B YKPA·iHA napi 3 KaJIeH.aapHHM llITeMnOM, aDo R oe3 252034 M. KHIB- 34 Hboro. P03pi3HlIIOTbCli OBH-O - BHrOTO BYJI. Opopi3Ha BJIeHi B nOllITOBHX Bi,11.aiJIeHHlIX, i OBH - Y oy.aHHOK 10, nOMellIKaHHll 14 - BHrOTOBJIeHi B .aeplKaBHHx YCTaHOBax. rPHrOPl11 Jl05KO Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 151 THE FRANKING OF MAIL IN UKRAINE DURING 1992-93: SOME STATISTICS by Dmytro Mishchenko, with additions from Viktor Mohylny In 1994 the author had the opportunity methods of franking the mail (ranging from ad to work in the archives of a non-governmental hoc revaluation and handwritten franking to organization that received correspondance the emission of local provisional postage from all comers of Ukraine during stamps or labels). The author has summarized 1992-93; the correspondence arrived two or his observations in the accompanying table. three times a times a month, following a The data incorporates the period through broadcast over the radio. This two-year time November 1993 (until the introduction ofthe frame is a most interesting period in the history new domestic postal rate for Ukraine of 100 of the Ukrainian post for philatelic researchers, karbovantsiv for a standard letter up to 20 because this was a period when the higher grams). The data is presented in percentages administration left the postal system to its own of the total number of pieces of mail examined devices. Economic difficulties and a shortage [for each oblast]. of postage stamps-characteristic of the transitional period, the period of revival and Some Comments on the Table establishment of the young, independent Ukrainian post-led to the appearance in the As a result of the shortage of postage philatelic marketplace of a great quantity of stamps and the rapid change of postal rates, various fantasy overprints on postage stamps the majority of covers and postcards were and of innumerable forged provisional stamps either revalued ad hoc (characteristic for Sumy and overprints that had no relation at all to the and Kherson oblasts) or the latest rate was real circulation of mail in the territory of written in by hand and confirmed by a date Ukraine. The author therefore decided to stamp, after which they were sold in the post share with interested philatelists his offices (Lviv oblast). During this period a observations, which are based on the great variety of postal meter surcharges were non-philatelic mail he was fortunate enough to widely used on mail, the cliches of which were have had the opportunity to examine [almost prepared either centrally (Chernihiv, Temopil, 100,000 pieces]. Chernivtsi, Rivne oblasts) or individually for each raion (Kyiv, Khmelnytsky, and some In its administrative-territorial other oblasts). Also widely used were various structure, Ukraine is comprised of 24 oblasts numerating devices and a standard handstamp and one autonomous republic (Crimea) as well of TP (Taxe Pen;ue) to indicate the current as two cities of oblast rank (Kyiv and rate. Sevastopil). On the second administrative tier Ukraine is divided into 489 raions (ranging TP labels (Figure 4) and cash register from II raions in Chemivtsi oblast to 27 in receipts (Figure I) were sometimes employed Vinnytsia and Kharkiv oblasts). In 1992-93 as a method of getting post office staff to the postal system devolved the resolution of its account for postal transactions in the absence problems to the raion level, which led to the of postage stamps. application of the most variegated forms and Ukrainian PhiJJJtelist No. 73n4 (\995) 152 Oblast Number Overprints Pro- Cash TP Narbut Commem- Meter of pieces on Soviet visional register labels' defin- orative sur- of mail postage stamps' receipts· itives· stamps· charges· examined stamps' &':,usands ) Lviv 12 OS 0.02 0.01 5 20 Chemihiv 10 0.1 0.5 0.1 3 0.7 50 (without city) K " 10 0.3 0.05 10 1.2 40 (WI Y!ib out CIty.) Kbmelnytsky 7 0.2 0.2 3 0.4 30 Rivne 7 0.4 0.0 1 2 0.4 30 Kharkiv 5 2 0.05 20 (without city) My'kolaiv 5 0.1 3 0.05 10 (without city) Zaporizhia 5 0.3 0.3 0.05 6 0.06 30 Poltava 5 0. 1 4 0.07 30 Chernivtsi 4 OS 1.5 0.04 20 Donetsk 4 0.1 5 0.08 50 Ivano-Frankivsk 3 0.0 1 2 0.04 40 Volyn 3 3 0.05 40 Republic of 3 0.2 0.1 2 0.04 30 Cnmea Zhytomyr 2 0.3 2 0.03 30 Sumy 2 0.0 1 3 0.06 30 Kharkiv 3 0.3 0.2 5 0.1 70 Chemihiv 4 0.1 4 0.09 65 Mykolaiv 3 25 3 0.01 10 • Percent of mail examined for the indicated oblas!. The Following Points Are Also of Interest: were in circulation from November 1992 through March 1993 (first issue) and then L Overprints on Soviet definitives_ In Lviv from June until the prohibition of local issues oblast overprinted stamps were in circulation in March 1994 (second and third issues). over the entire territory of the oblast from In Chernihiv oblast they were used in November 1992 through March 1993 . the city of Chernihiv (the overprints were In Zaporizhia oblast they were used in centrally prepared, as in K y'iv) until March Melitopil, Polohy (Figure 3), and Mykhailivka 1993 ; also, in Pryluky raion (see Figure 3) a raions during April-September 1992. local overprint was In use during In Chernivsti oblast overprinted stamps June-September 1993 . Ukrainion Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 153 2. Locally prepared provisional stamps. In the Republic of Crimea the city of These were most actively used in the city of Sevastopil used its own stamps, prepared by Mykolaiv from January 1993 until they were typography, beginning in June 1993. banned in March 1994; for a while the stamps Chernivtsi oblast circulated stamps of were printed on the reverse of 1991 coupon the series "Fauna of Bukovyna" from the sheets (known: 2 and 14 Karbovantsiv III beginning of 1994 until local issues were black, 2 and 15 karbovantsiv in red). forbidden (the author has seen mail with Local issues were actively used III stamps up to a value of 1000 karbovantsiv). Chernihiv oblast, where postal officials, in In Kharkiv local provisional stamps possession of postal meter cliches prepared were in active use from September 1993 centrally for each raion, used them to prepare onwards. They were printed by postal meters provisional stamps. The stamps were sent on both white glossy paper and on the back of from the raion postal authorities (RZV) to illustrated postcards and postal forms (three village post offices and accounts were kept. types of meter impressions are known). The provisional stamps were used from June The author encountered no 1992 (with some interruptions in March-May documentary confirmation for the postal 1993) until March 1994. The author has seen circulation of provisional stamps of the city of such mail from Bakhmach, Kulykivka, Mena, Kharkiv (first photocopied issue), the Koriukivka, Semenivka, Shchors, and Ichnya stampsllables of Yalta, the Obukhiv overprints ralOns. on Soviet stamps, the Ivano-Frankivsk issue, An interesting phenomenon is or the Mykolaiv overprints on definitive and provisional stamps that were prepared using commemorative stamps of the USSR, not to electronic calculators (Chernihiv city and mention the more obscure fantasy and purely oblast) and a computer (Kulykivka raion, commercial issues. Chernihiv oblast). In Khmelnytsky oblast provisional 3. Official postal issues. As is evident from stamps were only used in Kamianets-Podilsky the table, the use of the first Ukrainian raion beginning in January 1993 (with a brief definitive series (the Narbut definitives) and of interruption in March-May). Until September commemorative issues was very limited as a the auxiliary stamps displayed denominations, result of the small number printed and the but from September through December they hectic pace at which postal rates changed (in were non-denominated (the values were 1993 alone there were four changes), which written in by hand on sheets of the stamps; made it necessary to affix these low-value known denominations: 12, 18, and 45 stamps onto mail in large quantities. Mixed karbovantsiv). The stamps of frankings were very common, particularly of Kamianets-Podilsky were first produced on Soviet and Ukrainian stamps as well as of sheets of thin white paper, and from May Ukrainian stamps and meters. onward-on the reverse of 1991 coupon sheets. 4. The end oflocal provisional issues. After In K yiv oblast provisionals were in the introduction of the 100-karbovantsiv circulation in Pereiaslav-Khmelnytsky raion postal rate in Ukraine (December 1993), about from June to September 1993 (the known 1 percent of the mail was franked with local values: 3, 5, 9, and 15 karbovantsiv). provisional stamps. But with the issuance of a In Rivne oblast they came into use sufficient quantity of the second, and then the throughout the territory of the oblast third ( alphabetic) definitive series of Ukraine beginning in June 1993. (with ethnographic scenes) and with the Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73174 (1995) 154 appearance of [sufficient quantities of] period in Ukrainian postal history by utilizing prestarnped envelopes, the continued usage of statistical data. He has deliberately not provisionals was deemed inappropiate. broached the matter of the postal circulation of Accordingly, the order of the Ministry of provisional stamps and overprints from the city Communications of March 1994 put an end to ofKyiv (which is the topic of a separate study, their existance (only the post office of the city see Ukrainian Philatelic Hera/d Nos. 30-33 of Mykolaiv continued to use them until (1994». He has no pretensions to making September 1994). categorical statements, but has based his work The Lokhvytsia post office (Poltava on facts gleaned from his own observations oblast) did something interesting; it issued and will be grateful to anyone who would prestamped envelopes with an original stamp respond with his or her own reflections, printed locally by typography (available supplementary information, or questions information is that two thousand were issued concerning the topic under investigation. of each of the values: 43 kopeks in two colors Please write to: 252126 Ukraine, Kyiv-126, and 45 kopeks in one color). Lokhvytsia also b.Ivana Lepse, 34-v kv. 86, Dmytro used strips of teletype paper on which the rate Mishchenko. or payment was noted (see Figure 2). In this study the author has attempted [Translation by 10hn-Paul Himka.] to narrate (in a concise manner) an interesting I. ~_s:-t. uua Figure 1. Portion of a cover sent from Zhuravka (Chernihiv ob/ast) to Ky'iv showing a cash register receipt used as a postage stamp. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (199S) 155 I'.... III ' TM~' D1 ~Att~t10 ,~()O . Figure 2. Portions ofcovers showing strips of teletype paper used as provisional labels. Figure 3. Overprinted Soviet definitives from Pryluky (Chernihiv oblast), left; and Polohy (Zaporizhia oblast), right. Figure 4. A TP-Iabel used to indicate postage Figure 5. A local provisional stamp from paid in Zaporizhia. Olshansk (Mykolaiv oblast). No. 73174 (1995) 156 nopaB IlMHTpO MiI1(eHKO Y 1994-MY poui aBTopoBi UIlX YKpaiHCbKoi rrowTH, npH3BeJIH AO nOHBIl PH,llKIB nOmaCTIlJIO npaUIOBa TIl 3 apxlBaMIl Ha !jlillaTeJIlcTHliHOMY PHHKY BeJIHKOi OllHIE:i 3 rpOMallCbKHX opraHi3auiA, mo HaBallll pi3HoMaHiTHHX !jlaHTa3iAHHX HaA OTpHMYBaJIa B 1992-93-HX pOKax Kopec APYKiB Ha rrOWTOBHX MapKax, l5e311illl rrOHlIeHuilO 3 ycix KYTOliKiB YKpaiHIl 3 C!jlaJIbcH!jliKoBaHHx rrpoB130piAHHX Aorro rreplollllllHlcTIO 2- 3 pa3H Ha MicHUb (nlCJIH MilKHHX MapoK 1 rrepeApYKiB, HKi He MallH BHXOllY lIeproBoi TeJIenepeAalii B e!jlip). HiHKoro BiAHoweHHHH AO peaJIbHOrO l\JIH !jliJIaTeJIicTiB-AOCJIiAHHKiB ueA nOWTOBoro ol5iry Ha TepeHax YKpaiHH. rrepioA B lCTOpii YKpaiHcbKoi rrOWTIl E: TOMY aBTOp UHX PHAKiB BHpiwHB rro AYlKe uiKaBHA, 150 ue rrepiOA, KOJIH AiJIHTIlCH 3 3auiKaBlIeHIlMH !jlillaTeJIicTa ypHAOBl lIHHHHKH KHHYJIH UIO rrowTY Ha Mil CBoiMH crrOCTepelKeHHHMH, oa3YI01IIlCb rrpll3BOJIHme, a eKoHoMlliHi Herapa3AIl A Ha He3allelKHOCTi (3 TOliKIl 30PY !jllllaTe MapKoBHA rOJIOA, xapaKTepHi AJIH nepe JIiCTa) nOWTOBIlX rrepeCHJIaHb, HKi AOMY xlAHoro rrepiOAY, nepiOAY BiApoAlKeHHH nOmaCTIlJIO rreperJIHHYTH. A CTaHOBJIeHHH MOJIOAOi He3allelKHoi 3a CBoiM aAMiHicTpaTHBHO-TepH- 06J1aCTb KiJlbKicTb Ha.o.PYKH IJPOOi30piHlli KOHTKH TP- Hap6y- KOMCMO Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 157 TopillJlbHHM YCTPOCM YKpaiHa Mae: 24 015- 2. npo ponoMi){(Hi MapKH Micae JlacTI, O.llHY aBTOHOMHY pecnyl5J1iKY Boro BHrOTOB.neHHJI. (KpHM), I .lIBa MicTa o!511acHoro 3HalleHHJI HaAaKTHBHlwe TaKI MapKH BHKO (KHiB I CeBaCTOrIillb). 3a .lIPYrHM nopll.ll PHcToBYBaJlHCJI B MHKoJlae:BI, nOllHHaIOliH KOM YKpaiHa nO.llllleHa Ha 489 paAoHIB 3 CillHJI 1993-ro pOKY I .lIO 3a50pOHH ix (nO ol511acTlix iXHe: lIHCllO KOllHBae:TbclI, BHKOPHCTOBYBaHHJI B 5epe3HI 1994-ro BI.lI II-TH paAoHiB Y 4epHiBeUbKIA 015- pOKY; nl.Q lIac .lIeliKOrO neplo.llY TaKI llaCTI .lIO 27 -ox Y BiHHHUbKiA i XapKiB MapKH MHKOllae:Ba .lIpYKYBaJiH Ha 3BO CbKIA ol511aCTlIX). Y 1992-93 pOKax npol5- POTHiA CTOPOHI apKywiB KynoHIB (BI.lIOMI : JleMH nOWTH BHpiwYBallHcb Ha piBHi pa 2 Kp!5. I 14 Kpl5. - 051 lIOpHI, I 2 Kpl5. - AOHiB, mo npH3Bello .lIO 3acTocYBaHHJI lIepBOHa); HaApl3HOMaHITHiWHX Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 158 Ha PiBeHlUliHi MicLleBi llOnOMilKHi KOBepTiB nOllaJlbWe 3aCTOCYBaHH5! llono MapKIl n04aJlll BIiKOPHCTOBYBaTIlC5! Ha MilKHIlX MapOK BIl3HaHO HellOLliJlbHIlM, a TepeHaX yclE:i 05J1aCTIi 3 4epBH5! 1993-ro n05!Ba 4eprOBoro HaKa3Y MiHicTepCTBa pOKY; 3B'5!3KY, Y 5epe3Hi 1994-ro POKY, nOCTa Y Pecny5J11ul KPIiM BJlaCHi MapKIl, BIlJla XpecT Ha iXHE: nOllaJlbWe iCHYBaHH5! BHrOToBJleHl THnOrpacpi4HIlM llpYKOM, 3a (Jlllwe nOWTa MIlKOJlaE:Ba npOllOBlKYBaJla CTOCOBYBaJlIlCb Y CeBaCTOnoJli 3 4epBH5! iXHE: BIiKOPIiCTOBYBaHH5! llO CepnH5! 1993-ro POKY; 1994-ro POKY). Y 4epH1BeLlbKil! 05J1aCTi 3 n04aT UiKaBIll!, Ha llYMKY aBTopa LlHX KOM 1994-ro POKY i llO 3a50pOHli BIlKO P5!llKiB, E:, B OOJlTaBcbKil! 05J1aCTi, lIox PIiCTOBYBaHH5! MicLleBIiX MapOK Y 5epe3Hi BIlLlbKIll! BllnYCK nOWTOBIiX KOBepTiB 3 LlbOrO lK pOKY MaJlIl ooir MapKIl cepii HallpYKOBaHOIO B MicLleBil! Tlinorpacpii "<1>aBHa BYKOBIlHH" (aBTOpoBl LlHX P5!llKiB opliriHaJlbHOIO nOWTOBOIO MapKOIO (3a BillOMi nepeCIlJlaHH5! 3 MapKaMIi HOMiHa iCIl YI04010 iHcpopMaLliE:1O HaKJlallOM llBl JlOM llO 1000 Kp5.); TIlC5!4i KOlKHoro 3 HOMiHaJliB, Y 43 Y XapKOBi 3 BepeCH5! 1993-ro pOKY KoniAKIi - llBOX KOJlbOpiB, i 45 Konil!oK - aKTHBHO BIiKOPHCTOBYBaJlIlC5! Mimes! npo OllHoro KOJlbOpy), a TaKOlK BIiKOPIlC B130pil!Hl MapKH, IUO BlirOTOBJl5!JlIlC5! 3a TOBYBaHH5! llJl5! cnJlaTH nowToBoi Kopec llonOMorOiO cppaHKYBaJlbHHX MalllllH, 5!K Ha nOHlleHLlii cTpi40K TeJleTal!nHllx anapaT1B 5iJlOMY rJl5!HCOBaHOMY nanepi, TaK i Ha 3 BillMiTKOIO npo Tapll!jl a50 npo CnJlaTY 3BOPOTi xy llOlKHix JlIlCTiBOK i nOWTOBIiX (llIlB. CBiTJlIlHY 2). 5J1aHKiB (BillOMi Tpll Tllnll BillOOTOK !jlpaH Y uil! CTYllii 3p05J1eHO cnpo5y KYBaJlbHIlX MaWIlH). p03noBicTIl, cnllpalO41lCll Ha cTaTlicTIl4Hi ABTOP He MaE: llOKYMeHTaJlbHOrO llaHi, npo OllHY LliKaBY cTopiHKY B ic nlllTBeplllKeHH5! nOWTOBoro o5iry llono Topii YKpaiHcbKoi nOWTIl. TYT, npHH MilKHHX MapoK XapKoBa mepwlll! pOTa LlllnOBO, He 3aTopKYE:TbCll TeMa 3aCTO npIlHTHHl! BHnycK), RJlTIlHCbKIlX llonoMilK CYBaHH5! B nOWTOBOMY 05iry npoBi30- HIiX MapOK-HaJlinOK, 05yxiBcbKHX Hall piAHIiX llonoMilKHIlX MapoK i HallllPYKiB llPYKiB Ha COBE:TCbKIlX MapKax, BllnycKY KIlE:Ba (00 Ll5! TeMa o5rOBOplOE:TbC5! B [BaHo-<1>paHKiBcbKOi nOWTll, MIlKoJla oKpeMoMY llocJlilllKeHHi), i He npeTeH iBCbKHX HallllpYKiB Ha cTaHllapTHlix i KO llYE:TbC5! Ha KaTeropll4HicTb BIlCJlOBJIeHIlX MeMopaTIlBHllx MapKax CCCP, lie KalKY41l TYT TBeplllKeHb. OllHa4e aBTOp LlIlX P5!ll BlKe npo iHWi MeHwe BillOMl cpaHTa3il!Hi 1 KiB CnllpaE:TbC5! Ha KOHKpeTHi cpaKTIl 3 4HCTO KOMepLlil!Hl BllnycKIi. BJlaCHIiX cnOCTepelKeHb, i BiH oylle Bll1l4- 3. CHTyaulR rriCJIR BBepeHHR HO Hill! KOlKHOMY, XTO BillrYKHeTbC5! 31 CBO Boro TapHi/ly. iMIi 3aBBalKeHH5!MIl, llonOBHeHHllMll, 'Ill 3a niCJl5! BBelleHH5! 100-Kap50BaHLle nIlTaHH5!MIl IUOllO BIlCBiTJleHOi TeMIi Ha Boro TapHcpy B YKpaiHl (rpy lleHb 1993-ro allpecy: POKY) np1l5J11l3HO 1 % nOWTOBoi Kopec nOHlleHLlli cppaHKYBaBC5! lUe cnepwy YKpaiHa MicLleBHMH llonoMllKHHMH MapKaMIi. AJle 3 252 126 M. KlliB - 126 BHXOllOM Y llocTaTHil! K1JlbKOCTi llPYro 5. [BaHa lIence, NO 34-B, KB. 86 ro, a 3a HHM i TpeTboro (JIiTepHOrO) JlMHTpO MilUeHKo CTaHllapTiB YKpaiHIl (eTHorpa!jli4Hl ClOlKe 252 126 KYlV / UKRAINE TH) 1 3 n05!BOIO MapKOBaHHX nOWTOBIiX Ukraininn Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 159 THE STAMPS OF MELITOPIL: AN ANATOMY OF THE EMISSIONS by Hryhariy Labka Almost three years have passed since the last emissions of [overprinted] stamps from Melitopil were produced. Most philatelists, who happen to posses these stamps, still know very little about their history; the question: "How many of them were there?" - is probably on the mind of every collector. In this article, the author would like ro recall for readers some well-known facts about these emissions and to acquaint them with various details about these stamps that have not been previously published. Some earlier articles, which have come ro the attention of the author, contain numerous errors and speculations that need ro be corrected. While studying the issues ofMelitopil, I worked closely with local collectors and postal workers and was able to obtain some interesting and useful information. The initiator of the local stamps from Melitopil was a philatelic instructor at the Melitopil branch of philatelists, one M. Mokhov. He is a philatelist with extensive experience in stamp collecting and with a good knowledge of POStal matters. According ro information from the postal workers, Mr. Mokhov was trying to keep order at the post office [by creating these overprints]; it would have been mange if stamps with the overprint of the Ukrainian coat of arms had not appeared in postal usage. Overprint Designs At the beginning of 1992, the concern "Zaporizh-zviazok" (Department of Communications of the Zaporizhia oblast) sent out to the local pOSt offices (RVZs) in the oblast (province) cliche designs with the figure "50"; these were used by the county post offices for surcharging stamped envelopes and cards. Later in the year, the Melitopil county center of communications repeatedly received from a local print shop other cliches for the overprinting of postage stamps: • During May of 1992, the Melitopil RVZ obtained cliches (of Mr. Mokhov's design) containing tridents and the new face values of "50" or "Ir" (ruble). • During Ocrober, the local shop prepared new cliches with face values of "50k" (kopeks) and "Ir" • And finally, during December 1992 or January 1993, the same shop prepared new designs of tridents and new face values: "2krb", "3krb", "6krb", "15krb", and "65krb" (karbovantsi). For convenience in classification, I have listed each type of cliche with which the stamps (and only the stamps) were overprinted. Each cliche had its own characteristics (f = tridents, H = face values). Tl- trident, all elements of which should have been double lines, but carelessly fabricated. The double lines are clearly visible only in the heart of the trident and on the outer edges of the right and lefr wings. The central shaft has two breaks. T2- trident, all elements of which should have been double lines, but carelessly fabricated. The double lines are not clear on any elements of the trident. The bottom of the core (center portion) seems to be cut off. T3- trident, all elements of which are double lines. The lines on the upper right part of the core are narrowed. The central shaft is slightly bent to the left. T 4- trident, all elements of which are double lines. Almost no narrowing of lines in the core's upper right. The central shaft is straight. T 5 - trident, all elements of which are double lines. Lines are narrowed on the upper left of the core. Central shaft somewhat bent to the right. T6- trident, all elements of which are composed of a single thick line. Ulm,;n;"" PltilDleJist No. 73n4 (1995) 160 T7- trident, all elements of which are composed of a single thick line. The dimensions are smaller and the configuration is somewhat different than the other tridents. The trident appears in a heraldic shield. HI - face value "50", older, large size. H2 - face value "50", smaller. H3 - face value "50k", smaller, but with "k" (for kopeks). H4 - face value "Ir", with the "I" and "r" (for ruble) tall, markedly different from other face values. H5 - face value "Ir", with the "I" and "r" rather far. The Cyrillic letter "p" has a square-shaped head. H6 - face value "Ir", with the "I " and "r" thin. The Cyrillic "p" has a round head. H7 - face value "2krb" H8 - face value "3krb" H9 - face value "6krb" HIO- face value "15krb" The cliches of the tridents were prepared from a soft metal alloy; during the printing process, their elements often became deformed and changed their form, but the main characteristics, as described above, remained the same. Most intensively deformed were cliches T I and T2. The face-value cliche H I was made of rubber. Therefore, some enlarged overprints exist caused by the deformation of the rubber. All the other face-value cliches were made out of a soft metal alloy, which also led to some deformations. The cliche with the face value "50" was not very extensively used, so the introduction of a "50k" cliche was just to show the kopek denomination. On the other hand, the cliche with face value "Ir" was much more widely used and replacements were an absolute necessity. It should be mentioned, that there is no such thing as a "complete set of the 1992 Melitopil issue"! The reason lies in the peculiar way in which the cliches were prepared. The print shop prepared only the metal stamp parts, without the wooden handles. The post office attached the handles and later rerurned both the handles and the used cliches to the printer. This explains the usage of a given cliche up to a certain point in time (after which it was discontinued). I will say more about this practice later. Some studies classify the H6 overprints according to the distance between the "I" and the "r"; this is incorrect. In studying the various prints of this cliche, one can clearly see a gradual deformation; all of these prints are really the same. This process can be documented by examining the traces of the 4mm-wide working surface. Overprinting was mostly performed manually, by a person who held the cliche not quite horizontally, but at a slight angle to the surface. In rime, the surface of the cliche was deformed - more on the right-hand side, next to the "r" The 4mm space gradually bent (shrunk), coming closer to the "I" Thus, the distance between the "I" and the "r" became smaller over time. In general, one should not measure manual overprints toO accurately; manual imprinting cannot lead to very exact dimensions. Stamps of the 1992 Emissions At the stamp storage facility (stamp depository) of the Melitopil RVZ (regional center of communications) there remained large quantities of Soviet definitives, as well as some commemoratives from various years. The same situation existed at the various Melitopil branch post offices. In order ro put some coherence into the Melitopil emission process, M. Mokhov proposed to the management of the RVZ a specific methodology- to prepare the overprints in a systematic fashion: "50" - on Soviet stamps with original face values 4kop., 15kop., and 20kop. "Ir" - on all other Soviet stamps in srock. Trident, without a new face value, on Soviet stamps for 50kop and I rub. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 161 This proposal was accepted and the employee at the stamp deposirory received directions from the management ro begin work. However, she was not able ro overprint the needed quantities of stamps during the allotted short period of time. Thus, the workers at postal branch offices who requested stamps were lent the cliches (for a short period of time), so that they could overprint their own stamps at their offices. They were obligated to report the quantities of prepared stamps ro the central stamp depository. I discussed this matter with Mr. Mokhov. He explained that during the initial period of this stamp production, he instituted his own qualiry control process at the Melitopil branch offices. Mr. Mokhov checked the quantities of each stamp type in the storage facility, classifying the stamps in accordance with the standard Soviet stamp catalog. He worked very hard on this verification and performed a tremendous amount of work. The strange aspect of the situation, however, is that significant amounts of really rare Soviet postage stamps, even after his "control," found their way into private holdings. How did this happen? Mokhov had compiled a complete listing of the existing stamp stocks, in particular, the remainders of various Soviet commemorative stamps. Being an astute philatelist, Mokhov could tell very easily which stamps would become rarities and which would remain commonplace. He then bought out the srocks of the rarer stamps, still unoverprinted - but for the new price. Later, in the privacy of his own home, without any hurry or hassle, he overprinted these stamps with his own private cliches. These stamps were "produced" in clean, almost "hygienic" conditions, using brand new cliches; quite unlike the dirty, hurried "hustle and bustle" that went on at the post offices. The author of this article has many examples of this private production. On all these stamps the trident and the face value are vertical, clean, and attractive. The new face values exactly overlay the original face values. Of course, these beautiful stamps were never sold at the post offices, but may be found either in mint condition or attached to philatelic-type covers, which were carefully prepared by Mokhov himself. Where did the "private" cliches originate? This question can be answered very simply. Mr. Mokhov received six examples of the trident cliches from the print shop: he transferred T 1, T2, and T3 ro the stamp depository, bur retained for his own purposes T 4, T6, and T7. The cliches of the face values did not differ very significantly, so he retained two of them, H2 and H6; the rest passed on ro the srock room. Later, he also acquired a sample ofH3. Once the cliches had been exhaustively studied, small differences between the pOStal cliches and the Mokhov cliches came to light, but at that time Mokhov did not take notice of them. How does one classify such stamps? Based on previous experience, it is impossible ro call them anything but a "private Issue. . " However, some hope exists that a minimal quantity of the commemoratives happened ro get into POStal use - after all, Mr. Mokhov could not be present at all 20 of the postal branch offices of Meliropil! All such stamps would have been overprinted by the cliches from the stamp deposirory, and all of them should have appeared during the first period, that is, before mid-summer 1992. The ediror of the Ukrainian Philatelic Herald, Mr. V Mohylny, sent a query to the Meliropil RVZ and received a very detailed reply regarding these stamps. However, all of the enclosed illustrations, with the exception of only a very few, were made using the private cliches. The letter, signed by the direcror of the Meliropil RVZ and the main bookkeeper, was prepared by none other than the instrucror of the philatelic branch - M. Mokhov. After analyzing the list supplied in M. Mokhov's letter, and using information collected about stamp circulation in Meliropil, I propose a listing of stamps that I am characterizing as Private Emissions. Ukrainian PhibJtelist No. 73n4 (1995) 162 Private Emissions T3 T4 T6 T7 H2 H3 H6 50 1 p. 1. 50 on 4kop. (4891) T4+H2 20 years OSS 2. 50 on 4kop. (4891) T6+H2 20 years OSS 3. 50 on 4kop. (6147) T4+H2 Definitive. Kremlin 4. 50 on 4kop. (6147) T6+H2 Definitive. Kremlin 5. 50k. on 4kop. (6147) T4+H3 Definitive. Kremlin 6. 50k. on 4kop. (6147) T6+H3 Definitive. Kremlin 7 50 on 15kop. (6198) T4+H2 P. T chaikovskyi 8. 50 on 20kop. (6323) T4+H2 Flight USSR-Great Britain 9. 50 on 20kop. (6351) T4+H2 Flight USSR-Austria 10. 1r. on lkop. (4733) T4+H6 Definitive. Military Shield 11. lr. on lkop. (4733) T6+H6 Definitive. Military Shield 12. lr. on lkop. (6145) T4+H6 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 13. 1r . on lkop. (6145) T6+H6 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 14. lr. on lkop. (6145) T7+H6 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 15. 1r. on 2kop. (6298A) T4+H6 Definitive. Transport 16. lr. on 2kop. (6298A) T6+H6 Definitive. Transport 17 lr. on 2kop. (6298A1) T4+H6 Definitive. Transport (imperforate) 18. 1r. on 2kop. (6298Al) T6+H6 Definitive. Transport (imperforate) 19. lr. on 3kop. (6146) T4+H6 Definitive. Cruiser 20. lr. on 3kop. (6146) T7+H6 Definitive. Cruiser 21. 1r . on 3kop. (6315) T4+H6 Orchid 22. lr. on 4kop. (6347) T4+H6 Definitive. Kremlin 23. 1r . on 4kop. (6347) T6+H6 Definitive. Kremlin 24. lr. on 4kop. (6347) T7+H6 Definitive. Kremlin 25. 1r . on 5kop. (5572) T6+H6 60 years of the Aviation Building 26. lr. on 5kop. (6148) T6+H6 Definitive. Crest 27 1 r. on 5kop. (6208) T6+H6 Football (Soccer) 28. 1r . on 5kop. (6316) T4+H6 Orchid 29. lr. on 6kop. (4737) T4+H6 Definitive. Airplane 30. 1r. on 6kop. (4737) T6+H6 Definitive. Airplane 31. lr. on 7kop. (6299A) T6+H6 Definitive. Transport 32. lr. on 7kop. (6299A) T7+H6 Definitive. Transport 33. 1r. on 7kop. (6376) T4+H6 Happy New Year 1992 34. Ir. on 10kop. (6149) T4+H6 Definitive. Sculprure 35. lr. on 10kop. (6149) T6+H6 Definitive. Sculprure 36. lr. on lOkop. (6149) T7+H6 Definitive. Sculprure 37 1r . on 10kop. (6209) T4+H6 Football (soccer) 38. lr. on 10kop. (6317) T4+H6 Orchid 39. lr. on 15kop. (4861) T4+H6 Definitive. Means of Communication 40. lr. on 15kop. (4861) T6+H6 Definitive. Means of Communication 41. 1r. on 15kop. (4861) T7+H6 Definitive. Means of Communication 42. 1r . on 15kop. (5984) T6+H6 Flight USSR-Afganistan Uk,ainian PhiUJtdUt No. 73n4 (1995) 163 43. Ir. on 15kop. (5984) T7+H6 Flight USSR-Afganistan 44. I r. on 15kop. (6210) T4+H6 Football (soccer) 45. I r. on 15kop. (6320) T4+H6 I. Mechnikov 46. I r. on 15kop. (6321) T4+H6 I. Pavlov 47 Ir. on 15kop. (6322) T4+H6 A. Sakharov 48. I r. on 15kop. (6352) T4+H6 Russia 49. Ir. on 15kop. (6353) T4+H6 Ukraine 50. I r. on 15kop. (6354) T4+H6 Belarus 51. I r. on 15kop. (6355) T4+H6 Uzbekistan 52. Ir. on 15kop. (6357) T4+H6 Georgia 53. I r. on 15kop. (6358) T4+H6 Azerbaijan 54. Ir. on 15kop. (6363) T4+H6 Tajikistan 55. I r. on 15kop. (6364) T4+H6 Armenia 56. Ir. on 15kop. (6366) T4+H6 Esronia 57 Ir. on 20kop. (6302) T4+H6 G. Shelikhov 58. Ir. on 20kop. (6318) T4+H6 Orchid 59. I r. on 25kop. (6211) T4+H6 Football (soccer) 60. I r. on 25kop. (6319) T4+H6 Orchid 61. I r. on 35kop. (6212) T4+H6 Football (soccer) 62. 50kop. (5699) T7 Definitive. Kremlin 63. lrub. (6324) T6 William Saroyan 64. lrub. (6324) T7 William Saroyan In addition to the listed stamps from the initial period of circulation, some other design variations and cliche types may exist; the answer to this possibility will be obtained only through further research, or possibly ftom M. Mokhov himself. Some stamps were occasionally overprinted by cliche T3, which was borrowed from the stamp depository. To the above list of privately issued stamps we can add some additional varieties that the Melitopil post office never intended when planning this emission, namely: 65. 1r.50 on Ikop. (6145) T6+H(6+2) Definitive. Mounted Soldier 66. Ir.50 on 4kop. (6147) T4+H(6+2) Definitive. Kremlin 67 Ir.50 on 4kop. (6147) T6+H(6+2) Definitive. Kremlin 68. Ir.50k. on 4kop. (6147) T4+H(6+3) Definitive. Kremlin These latter stamps were prepared by Mr. Mokhov after he witnessed similar stamps being sold at the window of one of the branch post offices. The quality of these stamps was so low, that Mr. Mokhov felt compelled to produce better quality samples himself. I shall discuss the origin of the face value "I r50" in some greater detail below. The First Official Emission (1992) On 15 May 1992 the post office ofMelitopil began to use its own stamps at the 20 branch offices in the city and at 30 COUnty post offices, namely: Astrakhanka, Voznesenka, Vozrozhdenie, Vysoke, Danylo-Ivanivka, Dolynske, Zarichne, Konstiantynivka, Myrne, Mordvynivka, Novhorodkivka, Novobohdanivka, Nove, Novomykolaivka, Novopylypivka, Obilne, Orlove, Polianivka, Promin, Sadove, Svidodolynske, Semenivka, Spaske, Terpinnia, Tykhonivka, Troitske, Trudove, Fedorivka, Fruktove, and Yasne. Ir is well known that the overprinting process was performed in two stages: first the trident and then the face value. This method of printing led to a lot of variant combinarions ofT + H. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 164 In addition. numerous errors exist that were caused by simple sloppiness of the postal workers. Below are some comments about the long list of such "pearls;' all of them were actually found and purchased at postal windows of the various postal branches ofMelitopil: a) Double (or triple) printings of the face value or the trident - caused by various reasons. For example. double imprints exist where the first print turned out to be very weak. so the pOStal worker added a second. "quality" print. Mostly. however. the imprinting was carried out by the worker(s) automatically. without thinking or actually looking at the pane to check if every stamp was hit. or how many times. b) Inverted imprint or prints at an angle - occurred most often at the beginning of a new pane or after a pause in work. The worker usually grabbed the wooden handle of the cliche any which way. made the first impression. examined it. and then adjusted the wooden handle in his/her hand to more correctly align the imprint. c) Missing face value or trident - occurred both on separate stamps in a pane or on all stamps in a pane. The first rype of error happened because of worker sloppiness and led to missing imprints on some stamps and multiple imprints on others. The second type of error needs to be discussed in more detail. In order to speed up the work. the overprinting process was usually performed not by a single person. but by two. one of them printing the tridents. the other one - the face values. Each person had a stack of panes. When they finished their panes. they exchanged the half-imprinted panes between themselves. It is at this point that some panes were missed; they went on sale (at the postal window) only half-imprinted. mixed-in with the completely overprinted panes. At the point of sale they were not checked very closely. If caught. the panes missing the trident were usually just sold. but the panes missing the face value were returned for an additional overprinting. because without the face value they were not usable for postage. d) Various shades of color. different colors on the trident and on the face value - may be explained by the fact that printing was performed by two people. Each worker had his/her own ink-pad. not necessarily with the same rype of ink. e) Various types of tridents or face values on the same pane - are known to the author of this article. who witnessed the printing process. Ir sometimes happened that. to help out the "overloaded" postal employees. unqualified school children were hired. For example. at the 15th branch office (which is located at the RVZ building). in order to "help" the workers. girls were hired from the middle grades (intermediate school) and assigned the task of overprinting the stamps. Later. two of these girls were sent to perform some other jobs. Their uncompleted panes were finished offby some other girls. who had other cliches. When the author pointed out these non-standard panes to the supervisor. she just shrugged her shoulders and said that she had seen such "hybrid" panes before. It may be useful to have such variants for reference in specialized collections. but each collector decides what he/ she wants to collect. We can now move on to other things. the explanations for which should be indisputable. In May of 1992 the stamp depository of the Melitopil RVZ contained adequate quantities of the following definitive Soviet stamps: No.4733 lkop. Military shield. gteen No.6145 lkop. Military rider. brown No.6147 4kop. Ktemlin. gray These three stamps were used for the entire "official" overprint issue. One should also add to this list some commemorative stamps that do not appear in the reports of the stamp depository. We can only leatn about their designs from a study of POStally used envelopes. i. e. those used by the public. not by philatelists. The postal wotkers of the 18th branch office created chaos among the ranks of philatelists as well as some trouble for the management of the RVZ. While other branches may have introduced some commemoratives. but for extremely short periods of time only. the 18th branch widely disseminated Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 165 another definitive stamp: N 0.6298A - 2kop., transport, yellow-brown. Some reserves of this stamp were available at the RVZ, but they dared not use them since the quantities were very limited. However, after some overprints on the 2kop. stamp became known among philatelists, the stamp depository also began to overprint the 2kop. stamp. All of them were sold to philatelists; there was no normal postal usage of such stamps. It is very easy to differentiate between postally-prepared prints and private overprints of this stamp. The post office used only the combination T3+H6, where the face-value cliche "lr" was so worn that the "r" may be discerned only in segments and one has to guess as to what it is. These overprints were made in great haste, very carelessly, and with numerous off-center prints, double imprints, etc. On the other hand, the imprints made at the stamp depository "on special order" (for collectors) were made using cliches T2+H6 or T3+H6, where the letter Or" and the "I" have the proper shape and the cliche is new and unused. From June 1992 onward, official letters are known with stamps that have the ovetprint T3 + H2, i. e. with a "50" face value on a 4kop. Soviet stamp (4896) of S. Shaumian. In about October, overprints T3+H6, "Ir" appeared on the same stamp, which was printed in the same manner as the 2kop. stamps. The face value was likely increased to 1r. in order to boost income for the post office. These stamps were sold at the windows of the 18th branch office. That same 18th branch also "inaugurated" the appearance of a new face value on the stamps "lr.50"! This process unfolded like a scenario for a detective mm. The workers at the branch office were given definitive stamps of lkop. (4733), lkop. (6145), and 4kop. (6147) by the stamp depository. They also received trident cliches T 1 and T3, and face values H2 and H6 (both used). According to established procedure, the lkop. stamps should have been overprinted with "Ir." and the 4kop. with "50" But the branch workers decided to make themselves some money and overprinted all the stamps with "1 r.50". Of course, the difference in the selling price should have gone into the cash register of the branch office. Rumors of the strange face value finally reached the director of the RVZ. It is not known if any punishment was meted out to the manager of the branch office, but no one again saw the "Ir.50" stamps at the branch-office windows. These stamps may be found on letters dated October-November 1992. To quiet down this affair, the authorities called in a "consultant," Mr. M. Mokhov, who settled this matter in a very simple manner. He inaugurated a surcharge at the stamp depository (on old Soviet era registered stamped envelopes) of"lr.50" or "Ir.50k". In this way the face value of lr.50 became a "legal" value - by the backdoor route. There were some surprises even at the stamp depository itself; an interesting variety appeared there during October 1992. During that month, the employees at the stamp storage facility were changed. The new operator noted some shortages of overprinted stamps but she did not feel like doing the overprinting job all by herself; the previous worker had already left for a different assignment. It was arranged that she would overprint those stamps at home, after houts. She worked with her entire family, including her children. However, during the evening they ran out of black ink for the ink-pad; so they put some blue ink into the pad and finished the job that night. The overprints came out blue-black in color. An official letter with these stamps is known; it was addressed from branch office number 17. It is likely that the blue-ink stamps were sent for sale to that particular branch. The stamps are "50k." on 4kop. (6147), with overprints T I+H3 and T2+H3. A still different variety appeared in November, when the black ink inexplicably disappeared at the stamp depository. There was a dire need for stamps at that time, so "50k." overprints on 4kop. (6147), with Tl+H3 cliches were ptoduced- in a grayish-purple color. These stamps also were postally used. There is another story, however, about some overprinted stamps that found their way directly from the stamp depository into the albums of philatelists, without going through the pOStal windows. Towards the end of 1992, the stamp depository operator finally decided to take full control of the situation with regard to the remainders of variouspostagestamps still existing at the depository. She approached the main bookkeeper with a proposal to overprint all of these stamps. This was the period when interest among philatelists in the Melitopil overprints was at its peak, and also the period of maximum complaints about the Melitopil situation from the postal authorities at "Zaporizh-zviazok." UkrtWrian PhiJotelU, No. 73n4 (1995) 166 First Emission (1992) The overprints from the 18th branch office have their own characteristic style. No.23-T3+H6 No.22-T3+H6 ~_. _____. . ___ _ .__ __ .. _ .... __ .. ____.. _ _. __.. __ ._._.J · • ·< Privau Emission of1992. · No. 46-T3+H6 · No.29-T3+H6 rorrA'''''''' iII..flCl'ffA-..::l2P ·"- .~Ofto.co ••• O ••••••• ~.·• Philatelic fakes: Face value "Ir 50k"insuadof"lr50' UkrainUm Pltilotelist No. 73n4 (1995) 167 The main bookkeeper at the Meliropil post office did not look forward ro collecting and recording all stamp remainders and writing reports about this ro Zaporizhia. It is not known how she got out of rhis tight spot. but the fact remains that there are no notations found about any of these stamps in rhe Melitopil stamp record books (except for some notes about the 2kop. stamps). in spite of the fact rhat the stamp deposirory was producing fancy stamp overprints for philatelists. These stamps can not really be called new issues. since they were never sold to the general public. The best name for such stamps may be "Printed ro Philatelic Order": Printed to Philatelic Order I. 50k. on 6kop. (4737) T3+H3 Definitive. Airplane 2. Ir. on 2kop. (6298AI) T2+H6 Definitive. T ransporr (imperforate) 3. Ir. on 2kop. (6298AI) T3+H6 Definitive. Transport (imperforate) 4. Ir. on 6kop. (6298AI) T3+H6 Definitive. Airplane 5. Ir. on 15kop. (6298AI) T3+H6 Definitive. Means of Communication It is doubtful whether one can present a complete listing of the stamps of the First Emission. but the author has no doubt whatsoever about rhe legitimate postal origins of rhe stamps listed below: First Emission - Genuine Issue TI T2 T3 ~ ~ ~t~~ _! HI H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 50 50 50 K. I p , II. 1 p. I. 50 on 4kop. (4891) Tl+HI 20 Years ofOSS 2. 50 on 4kop. (4891) Tl+H2 20 Years ofOSS 3. 50 on 4kop. (4891) T2+H2 20 Years of OSS 4. 50 on 4kop. (4896) T3+H2 S. Shaumian 5. 50 on 4kop. (6147) TI+H2 Definitive. Kremlin 6. 50 on 4kop. (6147) T2+H2 Definitive. Kremlin 7 50 on 4kop. (6147) T3+H2 Definitive. Kremlin 8. 50k. on 4kop. (6147) TI+H3 Definitive. Kremlin 9. 50k. on 4kop. (6147) T2+H3 Definitive. Kremlin 10. 50k. on 4kop. (6147) T3+H3 Definitive. Kremlin II. 50k. on 4kop. (6147) TI+H3 Definitive. Kremlin (blue-black) 12. 50k. on 4kop. (6147) T2+H3 Definitive. Kremlin (blue-black) 13. 50k. on 4kop. (6147) TI+H3 Definitive. Kremlin (grayish-purple) 14. Ir. on Ikop. (4733) Tl+H6 Definitive. Military Shield IS. I r. on Ikop. (4733) T2+H6 Definitive. Military Shield 16. Ir. on lkop. (4733) T3+H6 Definitive. Military Shield 17 Ir on Ikop. (6145) Tl+H4 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 18. Ir. on Ikop. (6145) Tl+H6 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 19. Ir. on Ikop. (6145) T2+H5 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 20. Ir. on lkop. (6145) T2+H6 Definitive. Mounted Soldier UkTainion Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 168 21. I r. on Ikop. (6145) T3+H6 Definitive. Moumed Soldier 22. Ir. on 2kop. (6298A) T3+H6 Definitive. Transport 23. Ir. on 4kop. (4896) T3+H6 S. Shaumian 24. Ir.50 on Ikop. (4733) Tl+H(6+2) Definitive. Military Shield 25. lr.50 on Ikop. (6145) Tl+H(6+2) Definitive. Moumed Soldier 26. Ir.50 on Ikop. (6145) T3+H(6+2) Definitive. Moumed Soldier 27. Ir.50 on 4kop. (6147) Tl+H(6+2) Definitive. Kremlin 28. Ir.50 on 4kop. (6147) T3+H(6+2) Definitive. Kremlin We should also £ouch upon the painful subject of stamp fakes from this emission. Since the experts define "fakes" in various ways, we must first state exactly what is meam by that term. Thus, in this context, a postal emission is a stamp prepared by a post office or commissioned by a post office - without regard to higher postal authorities - for the purpose of fulfilling the needs of the population (i. e. for mailing letters, etc). A fake is a stamp (or an overprim), which tries £0 imitate a postally issued St~~ (or overprint); all the parameters of a fake are not, as a rule, the same as the parameters of a postal emISSIon. In particular, when discussing the local stamps of Meli£Opil, one has keep these definitions in mind. The stamps that the stamp depository fabricated for philatelists (but which were never in general circulation) can - without any doubt - be called fakes, since they did not fulfill their main function of paying for postage, and since they are not the same design as the legitimate postal emissions. One may object £0 this observation by stating that such a stamp could have been used by a((aching it £0 an envelope and mailing the envelope. That is true, but here we are circumveming the part of definition having to do with "fulfilling the needs of the population." These needs involve mass use and variery of usage criteria, which cannot be satisfied by stamp collectors alone. In addition, the private emissions of Mr. Mokhov do not "warm the heart" of an investiga£Or and may be considered fakes. All these fakes can be called "soft fakes." If they please some collec£Ors, these collec£Ors will keep them in their collections, no ma((er what one tells them. Nothing can be done about thar. It is another story when we encoumer forgeries. A forger wams to make money on philatelists by purposely imroducing variams imo his production. Memion should be made here of some salient poims regarding forged Meli£Opil overprimed stamps: • It is really impossible to imitate the high-qualiry M. Mokhov stamps; the cliches have simply worn out. • All the forgeries on Soviet commemorative stamps pretend £0 be of the First Emission; they are all very crude, since they were made with genuine, but badly worn-out cliches and have a deformed appearance. • A differem type of forgery of all the commemorative stamps was made with the cliche H3 - "50k~. However, there were no more commemorative stamps left at the post offices at the rime this partic ular cliche was prepared. • The same holds true for the "I r50k: stamps; at the rime the H3 - "50k~ cliche was being used, there were no more commemorative stamps left at the Meli£Opil post offices. • Stamps also exist with face value overprims from the First Emission, but with tridem overprims from the future, Second (1993) Emission; no further commems are needed. • Any overprims not made by purple ink mixed-in with black ink (that is by adding purple ink £0 a black ink pad) but with vivid purple ink, are a gross forgery. • The definitive stamps, overprimed privately at the stamp deposi£Ory or at one of the branch offices, can only be authemicated by a qualified experriser. No. 73n4 (1995) 169 First Emission (1992) _... _-_.-._-_., I Various typ~s of tridents on one sheet: T3 and Tl. . . ~p~." •• ' .~ " O.C •• • ••• ~. No. 19-H5 without the trident. An imprint ofan extra face-value appears between the stamps. . . _...,r ...... r _.... t .,t:....l..t;J:~ -".r'~.If...... " ,,·.r_" ....--" ' Second Emission (1993) The imprint "65krb n exists only on stamped envelopes. To send the letter to Moldova, two other stamps were added: No.31-T6+H7 and No.35-T3+H8. The total postage equals the proper tariff of 70 krb. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 170 The Second Emission (1993) During December 1992 the Melitopil RVZ began to prepare for an increase in postal tariffs. Orders for new cliches with new face values and tridents were placed; the task was again entrusted to Mr. M. Mokhov. The orders were fulfilled by the beginning ofJanuary 1993. Cliches of "2karb", 3karb", and 6karb" (five each); "15karb" and "65karb" (three each); as well as cliches of the trident T5 were delivered. Logically, it would have seemed prudent to order a larger quantity of the trident cliches, but Mr. Mokhov judged otherwise. At that time, rumors were already circulating among philatelists that Mokhov was withholding some cliches and using them clandestinely in his home. But, as they say: "stay far away from sin!" Mr. Mokhov brought to the stamp depository (along with cliche T5) the cliches T6 and T7 - that was the first time that they had appeared at the depository! At his initiative, the following plan for overprinting stamps was put into operation: on the lkop. stamp (6145) 2krb and 3krb with trident T3, T5, or T6 6krb and 15krb with trident T3, T5, orT7 on the 4kop. stamp (6147) 2krb and 3krb with trident T3, T5, or T6 the face value "65krb" was to be used only for surcharging stamped envelopes for international use, never on any stamps. This time the overprinting of the (Second Emission) stamps was to be made only at the stamp depository, not at the branch offices. The branches were not supposed to do any overprinting, just receive the finished overprinted stamp panes. At that time, the regional post office at Zaporizhia (YO "Zaporizh-zviazok") got wind of the new emission of Melitopil-overprinted stamps. To preclude any further overprinting, they ordered the Melitopil RVZ to send to Zaporizhia any remaining Soviet stamps. Well, an order is an order. The trouble was that by this time hardly any Soviet stamps were left in Melitopil, except some at a few village post offices. They were barely able to collect about 30 full panes, with face values of 3, 4, and 15kop. What to do next? The management of the Melitopil RVZ finally decided to overprint the panes with the "15krb" face value and to forget about this whole thing; that is what was done. These stamps were the last (official) overprinted issues of Melitopil; they appeared at postal windows in March of 1993. The full listing of the Second Emission, which was completed on 19 January 1993, appears below: T3 T5 T6 T7 ~ ~ ~ [I H7 H8 H9 HlO 2 l(p6. 3 Kp6. 6 Kp6. 15 Kp6. 29. 2krb. on lkop. (6145) T3+H7 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 30. 2krb. on lkop. (6145) T5+H7 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 3l. 2krb. on lkop. (6145) T6+H7 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 32. 2krb. on 4kop. (6147) T3+H7 Definitive. Kremlin 33. 2krb. on 4kop. (6147) T5+H7 Definitive. Kremlin 34. 2krb. on 4kop. (6147) T6+H7 Definitive. Kremlin 35. 3krb. on lkop. (6145) T3+HB Definitive. Mounted Soldier 36. 3krb. on lkop. (6145) T5+HB Definitive. Mounted Soldier 37 3krb. on lkop. (6145) T6+HB Definitive. Mounted Soldier 38. 3krb. on 4kop. (6147) T3+HB Definitive. Kremlin 39. 3krb. on 4kop. (6147) T5+HB Definitive. Kremlin Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 171 40. 3krb. on 4kop. (6147) T6+H8 Definitive. Kremlin 41. 6krb. on lkop. (6145) T3+H9 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 42. 6krb. on lkop. (6145) T5+H9 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 43. 6krb. on lkop. (6145) T7+H9 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 44. 6krb. on 4kop. (6147) T3+H9 Definitive. Kremlin 45. 6krb. on 4kop. (6147) T5+H9 Definitive. Kremlin 46. 6krb. on 4kop. (6147) T7+H9 Definitive. Kremlin 47 15krb. on lkop. (6145) T3+HI0 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 48. 15krb. on lkop. (6145) T5+HI0 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 49. 15krb. on lkop. (6145) T7+HI0 Definitive. Mounted Soldier 50. 15krb. on 3kop. (4735) T3+HI0 Definitive. Sculpture 51. 15krb. on 3kop. (4735) T5+HlO Definitive. Sculpture 52. 15krb. on 4kop. (4736) T3+HI0 Definitive. Crest 53. 15krb. on 4kop. (4736) T5+HI0 Definitive. Crest 54. 15krb. on 15kop. (6018) T3+HI0 Definitive. Radio Communications 55. 15krb. on 15kop. (6018) T5+HI0 Definitive. Radio Communications There were almost no errors nor any other variants of this emission. The exception is stamp No.53 without the trident. There were three such stamps on one pane, placed next to each other in a row. The origin of these stamps is unknown, probably inattention on the part of a worker at the stamp deposirory. In spite of the fact that the quality control of this emission was much more thorough than in 1992, the philatelic market was soon flooded with overprints on stamps, which simply did not exist in the stamp deposirory at that time. All of them are overprinted with the genuine cliches of the Second Emission. Collectors really have no choice but to accept that all of these overprinted stamps (on new values) are fakes, or they can attempt to find them on non-philatelic covers. It is easier to deal with fakes of a slightly different character, those with trident overprints that were used only in 1992 combined with cliches of face values ftom 1993. All of these were fabricated "by courtesy," or in exchange for small favors, where the worker at the stamp depository did not bother to find the correct trident cliche, but prepared for the customer what he/ she could lay his/ her hands on. Stamp Quantities Prepared Some information about the quantities of Melitopil issues was presented in various publications; the larger the quantities cited, the further they lead the unwary philatelist from the ttuth. This trend may be due to the fact that each one of these publications had an ax to grind; mostly they were inspired by the clearly commercial interests of some stamp dealers. Compiled below are the documented quantities ptoduced, i. e. those entered in the record book of the stamp depository of the Melitopil RVZ. The printing quantities of distinct (known) stamps were used where they could be obtained. Usually, however, the recorded information listed only the date, the quantiry, and the face value. UkrtUniml PhilDJelUt N.. 73n4(1~ 172 First Emission (1992) Month 50kop 1 r. Ir.l2kop Quanti tvl mo. May 8,500 9,420 - 17,920 June 22,600 21,100 - 43,700 July - 15,000 - 15,000 August 30,000 1,000 - 31,000 September 9,600 10,900 - 20,500 October 17,200 18,400 - 35,600 November 32,249 22,146 12,353 66,748 December 5,650 37,858 - 43,508 Total for the Year 125,799 135,824 12,353 273,976 According to one worker at the stamp depository, of the stamps overprinted "I r.", the quantity was much smaller for the lkop. (4733) than for the lkop. (6145). Second Emi ssi on (1993) Face Value January February March For the Year 2krb/lkop 22,063 29,937 - 52,000 2krb/4kop 3,625 - - 3,625 3krb/lkop 12,054 16,900 - 28,954 3krb/4kop 3,000 - - 3,000 6krb/lkop 8,800 11,200 - 20,000 15krbllkop 2,850 14,700 - 17,550 15krb/3kop - - 570 570 15krb/4kop - - 620 620 15krb/15kop - - 2,112 2,112 Per Month 52,392 72,737 3,302 128,431 The emissions of Melitopil are a,mong the most intetesting of the numetous local ptovisionals produced in Ukraine during 1992-93. The trouble is that the "official" information supplied by Mr. Mokhov to the Ukrainian Ministry of Communications (i. e. his report about his activities) at some date may be deemed by the functionaries at the Minisuy as the only noteworthy account of these events. By now, the Ministry must be totally filled up with various "official" documents ftom different regions of Ukraine. But that is what makes philately so attractive, it is open not only to demanding collectors, but also to inquisitive ones. Bibliography 1. Catalogru ofth [Translated by Lubomyr S. Onyshkevychl No. 73n4 (1995) 173 MAPKH MEnITOnOn.B AHA TOMI.B BHnYCKIB nOJ!aB rpHropiR J/06KO npoflwJlo MafllKe TpH POKH nicJIlI BHnYCKY OCTaHHix nepe.llPYKOBHX MapOK MeJliTO nOJlJl, aJle 5iJlbWa 4aCTHHa !jJiJlaTeJlicTiB, .lIO JlKHX nOTpanHJlH ui MapKH, MaJlO wo 3HaE: npo iCTOpiIO iXHboro BHXO.llY B cBiT. A 3anHTaHHJI: "CKiJlbKH lK ix ycix 5y Jlo?" Ma5YTb Ha YCTax KOlKHoro !jJiJlaTeJlicTa. Y uifl cTarri aBTOp X04e Hara.llaTH 4HTa4aM JlK i Bi.llOMi !jJaKTH , TaK i n03HalloMHTH IX 3 .lIeTaJlJlMH, JlKHX HixTO paHiwe He ony5J1iKYBaB. neBHa KiJlbKicTb paHiwHX, .lIOcTyn HHX aBTopOBi ny5J1iKauill, MicTHTb 5arno 3.l1ora.lliB, JlKi He05xi.llHO Bi.llKHHYTH. BHB4a I04H MeJliTOniJlbCbKi BH.lIaHHJI, TaK 5H MOBHTH, B KOHTaKTi 3 TaMTeWHiMH !jJiJlaTeJlicTaMH II npauiBHHKaMH nOWTH, aBTopOBi Y.llaJlOCJl 3i5paTH uiKaBY II KOPHCHY iH!jJOpMauiIO npo Ui BH.lIaHHJI. IHiUiJiTopOM BHnYCKiB MicueBHX nepe.llPYKOBHX MapOK MeJliTOnOJlJl 5YB iHCTpYK TOp !jJiJlaTeJlii MeJliTOniJlbCbKOro Bi.ll.lliJleHHJI !jJiJlaTeJlicTiB, naH M. MOXOB. Ue !jJiJlaTe JliCT 3 BeJlHKHM .lIOCBi.llOM KOJleKuioHYBaHHJI Ta 3HaHHJlM nOWTOBOI cnpaBH. 3a CBi.ll- 4eHHJlMH MeJliTOniJlbCbKHX nOWTOBHX npauiBHHKiB naH MOXOB, npH4HHJlI04HCb .lIO nOJlBH B 05iry UHX MapOK 3 repOOM YKpaiHH, HaMaraBCJI• B.lIeplKaTH UHM nOpJl.llOK Ha nowTi. KJlima KapOK Ha npOTJl3i 1992-ro POKY MeJliToniJlbCbKHfI pallOHHHll BY30Jl 3B'Jl3KY (.lIaJli: PB3) OTpHMYBaB .lIeKiJlbKa pa3iB pi3Hi KJliwa .lIJlJI nepe.llPYKiB MapOK. Ha n04aTKY UbOro pOKY BHp05HH1.Je 05'E:.lIHaHHJI "3anopilK3B'Jl30K" p03CHJlaJlO ueH TpaJli30BaHO no PB3 3anopi3bKOi 05J1aCTH KJliwa 3 UH!jJpaMH "SO", JlKHMH B UHX pallOHax nepe.llPYKOBYBaJlH nOBHicTKH (UiJlbHi pe4i). Y TpaBHi Uboro lK POKY, 3a eCKi3aMH naHa MOXOBa, MeJliToniJlbCbKHfI PB3 OTPH MaB KJliwa 3 TpH3y5aMH II HOBHMH HOMiHaJlaMH "50" a50 "I ply5eJlbl" Ui KJliwa 5yJlH BH rOTOBJleHi B MicueBifl .lIpYKapHi. Y lKOBTHi Uboro lK POKY MicueBa .lIpYKapHJI BHKOHaJla .lIpyre 3aMOBJIeHHJI Ha KJliwa 3 HOMiHaJJaMH "50 K" , T05TO 3 n03Ha1.JeHHJlM KonlfloK, I "I p ", T05TO, JlK i nepwe 3aMOB JleHHJI, 3 pociflCbKHM Bi.llnOBi.llHHKOM Ha3BH Kap50BaHUJl. I, HapewTi, y rpY.llHI 1992-ro POKY (aoo B Ci4Hi 1993-ro POKY) BUill lKe .lIpYKapHi 5YJlH BHrOTOBJleHi KJliwa 3 TpH3y5aMH i HOBHMH HOMiHaJlaMH "2 Klalp510BaHuiJ", "3 Kp5", "6 Kp5", "IS Kp5", i "65 Kp5", OTlKe BlKe 3 YKpaiHCbKHM n03Ha4eHHJlM rpoweBoi O.llHHHUi YKpaiHH. Ha.llPYKH CTaBHJlHCJI Ha MapKH B .lIBa npHllOMH - OKpeMO TpH3y5 i oKpeMo HOMiHaJl. llJlJl 3PY4HOCTH KJlJlCH!jJiKauii TYT nO.llaE:TbCJI n03Ha4eHHJI KOlKHoro KJliwa, JlKHM nepe.llpYKOBYBaJlHCb TiJlbKH MapKH. KJliwa MaIOTb CBoi xapaKTepHi 03HaKII (T - Tpll3y511, H - HOMiHaJlH). T1 - TpH3y5, yci eJleMeHTH JlKOro nOBIIHHi 5YTII BllrOTOBJleHi nO.llBiflHIIMH JliHiJlMH, JlKi o.llHaK BIIKoHaHi He.ll5aJlo. nO.llBillHi JliHii .lIoope nporJlJI.lIaIOTb TiJlbKII Ha cepueBHHi TpH3y 5a, i Ha BHYTpiwHix CTopOHax npaBoro fI JliBOrO KPHJI. Ha ueHTpaJlbHill lKep.lllIHi lK E: .lIBa p03p1lBH. T2 - Tpll3y5, yci eJleMeHTH JlKOrO nOBIIHHi 5YTH BHrOTOBJleHi nO.llBiflHIIMII JliHiJlMH, JlKi O.llHaK BIIKOHaHi He.ll5aJlo. nO.llBillHi JliHii .lI05pe MalllKe He npOrJlJl.llaIOTb Ha lKa.ll HOMY 3 eJleMeHTiB. CepueBIIHa 3HII3Y BHrJlJl.llaE:, JlK 3pi3aHa. T3 - TpH3y5, yci eJleMeHTII JlKOrO BHrOTOBJleHi nO.llBiflHIIMII JliHiJiMII. npaBopy1.J yropi Ha cepueBHHi JliHii 3BYlKeHi. UeHTpaJlbHa lKep.llHHa TpOXH BIIKpHBJleHa BJliBO. T4 - Tpll3y5, yci eJleMeHTH JlKOrO BllrOTOBJleHi nO.llBillHHMII JliHiJlMII. npaBopY4 yropi Ha cepueBIIHi 3BYlKeHHJI npaKTH4HO HeMaE: . UeHTpaJlbHa lKep.lllIHa npJlMa. Ukrainion Philatelisl No. 73174 (1995) 174 Ts - TPH3YO, yci eJIeMeHTH lIKOrO BHrOTOBJIeHi nO,llBiAHHMH JIIHllIMH. fliBOpyt.t yropi Ha CepueBHHi JIiHii 3BYlKeHi. UeHTpaJIbHa lKep,lIHHa TPOXH BHKpHBJIeHa BnpaBO. T6 - TPH3YO, yci eJIeMeHTH lIKOrO BHrOTOBJIeHi CYUiJIbHOIO JIiHie:lO. T? - TPH3YO, yci eJIeMeHTH lIKOrO BHrOTOBJIeHi CYUiJIbHOIO TOBCTOIO JIiHie:lO. ra OapHTH 3MeHweHi. KOH BHnYCKH 1992-ro POKY Ha MapKOBiA oa3i MeJIiTOniJIbCbKOro PB3 lI\e 3 COBe:TCbKHX t.tac iB 3aJIHWHJIaCli BeJIHKa KiJIbKiCTb CTaHllapTHHX MapOK CCCP i lIemo 3 Aoro MapOK KOMeMopaTHBHHX BH nycKiB 3 pi3HHX pOKiB. TaKa lK cHTyauili BHHHKJIa A y nOWTOBHX BilllliJIeHHlIX MeJIiTO nOJIli. }lJIli Toro, moo ynopllllKYBaTH BHllaBHHt.ty lIillJIbHicTb, naH MOXOB 3anponoHYBaB KepiBHHUTBY PB3 POOHTH nepellpYKH HOBHX HOMiHaJIiB He lIK nonaJIO, a Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73174 (1995) 175 "1 p" Ha Bcix iHWHX MapKax CCCP, JlKi e: B 3arracax; i TpH3y6 003 HOBOrO HOMiHaJlY Ha MapKaX CCCP 3a 50 Korr i I Kp6. Horo rrpOrr03Hl.liJi 6y Jla rrpHAHJlTa. OTpHMaBwH BKa3iBKH Bi.Q KepiBHHl.lTBa, rrpal.liB HHKH MapKoBoi 6a3H p03rrO'laJlH P060TY. 3BH'laAHO lK, rrepe.QPYKYBaTH rroTpi6HY KiJlb KicTb MapoK 3a KOPOTKHA TepMiH 6YJlo !jJi3H'lHO HeMOlKJlHBO. npal.liBHHKH rrOWTOBHX Bi.Q .QiJleHb, JlKi 3BepTaJlHCJI rro MapKH, OTpHMYBaJlH Ha rreBHHA 'lac KJliwa, i rrepe.QPYKo BYBaJlH 3arrac MapoK YlKe B ce6e, 3BiTYIO'lH rricJlJI l.lbOrO rrepe.Q MapKoBoIO 6a3010 rrpo 3a raJIbHY KiJlbKicTb rrepe.QPYKoBaHHx MapOK. 3YCTpl'laIO'lHCJI 3 rraHOM MOXOBHM, aBTOp .QoBi.QaBCJI Bi.Q Hboro, mo B rrO'laTKOBHA rreplo.Q 06iry MapOK rraH MOXOB 3tliAcHIOBaB CBoe:pi.QHHA KOHTPOJlb Ha.Q BH.QaBHH'lOIO .QiJlJlbHiCTIO rrOWTOBHX Bi.Q.QiJleHb MeJliTOrrOJlJl. BiH nepeBipJlB HaJlBHicTb MapOK, i BHJlB JlJlB KiJlbKiCTb KOlKHoro CIOlKeTY (3a 'lHCJlaMH COBe:TCbKoro KaTaJlOra rrOWTOBHX MapOK CCCP). Ue 6YJla BeJlH'le3Ha p060Ta. AJle napa.QOKCaJlbHicTb cymal.lii B l.lbOMY, rro 3Ha'l Ha KiJlbKiCTb crrpaB.Qi pi.QKicHHX nOlllTOBHX MapOK nicJlJI Aoro KOHTpOJlIOBaHHJI rrepeAWJla .QO KaTeropii npHBaTHHX. 5lK lKe l.le CTaJlOCJl? TpHMaIO'lH BCIO iH!jJOpMal.liIO rrpo 3aJlHWKH KOMeMopaTHBHHX MapOK i .QeJlKHX CTaH .QapTHHX Y CBoix PYKax, JlerKO 6YKO rr06a'lHTH, JlKa MapKa 3 'laCOM CTaHe pi.QKicTIO, a JlKa TaK i 3aJlHWHTbCJI 3BH'laAHOIO. ¢iJlaTeJlicT MOXOB BHKyrrOBYBaB me Henepe.QPYKOBaHi COB€:TCbKi MapKH, aJle BlKe 3a HOBOIO l.l[HOIO, a rroTiM, Y cnoKiAHHX YMOBax, oxaAHO, 3i 3HaHHJlM crrpaBH, rrepe.QPYKOBYBaB l.li MapKH BJlaCHHM KJliweM. "npo.QYKl.liJl" BHXO.QHJla !jJOToreHi'lHOIO 3-rri.Q HOBeHbKoro KJliwa, BOHa Hi B JlKe rropiBHaHHJI He AWJla 3 "6py.Q HHMH", Ha rrocrrix 3p06J1eHHMH MapKaMH rrOWTH. ABTop l.\HX pJl.QKiB Mae: pi3Hi MapKH l.lbOrO rrpHBaTHoro BHrrYCKY, i Ha lKa.QHiA 3 HHX TpH3y6 'lH HOMiHaJl He Bi.QXHJlJlIOTbCJI Bi.Q BepmKaJli, Bi.Q6HTKH 3pOOJleHi 3aBlK.QH oxaAHO, HOBi HOMiHaJlH JlJlraIOTb TO'lHO i rrepe KpHBaIOTb CTapHA HOMiHaJl MapKH. nO.Qi6Hi pe'li HiKOJlH BlKe He rrOTparrHJlH .QO crrpaBlKHboro rrOWTOBoro 06iry, i 3aJlHWaJlHCJI a60 B HeBlKHBaHOMY BHrJlJl.Qi, a60 BlKH BaJlHCJI rraHOM MOXOBHM Y Aoro npHBaTHOMY JlHCTYBaHHi. 3Bi.QKH lK Y3J1J1HCJI TaK 3BaHi rrpHBaTHi KJliwa? Ue rrOJICHIOe:TbCJI .QYlKe rrpOCTO: rraH MOXOB OTpHMaB 3 .QPYKapHi WiCTb rrpHMipHHKiB KJliwiB 3 TpH3y6aMH; Tl , T2, i T3 BiH rrepe.QaB Ha MapKOBY 6a3Y, a T 4, T6, i T7 BiH 3aJlHWHB Y ce6e 3 rrpH'lHHH, Bi.QOMOi TiJlbKH AOMY· KJliwa O.QHaKOBHX HOMiHaJliB Ha nepWHA norJlJl.Q MaAlKe He pi3HHJlHCJI MilK C060IO, i .QBa 3pa3KH H2 i H6 3 3araJlbHOi KiJlbKOCTH rraH MOXOB 3aJlHWHB Y ce6e, a peWTY rre pe.QaB Ha MapKOBY 6a3Y. nOTiM, .Qemo rri3Hiwe, BiH 3aJlHWHB Y ce6e TelK 3pa30K H3 3 3a raJlbHoi KiJlbKOCTH. niCJlJI BHB'leHHJI KJliwiB MapKOBoi 6a3H i KJliwiB Y rraHa MOXOBa 6yJlO BHJlBJleHO rr036ilKHOCTi B .QeTaJlJlX, aJle B ToA 'lac caM rraH MOXOB Ha l.le rrpJlMO He 3BepTaB YBarH. 5lK, OTlKe, KJlJlCH!jJiKYBaTH rro.Qi6Hi MapKH? 3BepTaIO'lHCJI.Q0 aHaJloriB KJlJlCH'lHOi !jJiJlaTe JliI, iHaKwe JlK npHBaTHHMH ix Ha3BaTH rrpOCTO He MOlKJlHBO. npOTe iCHye: npHrrymeHHJI, mo XO'la 6 Mi3epHa KiJlbKiCTb rrepe.QPYKoBaHHx KOMeMO paTHBHHx MapoK yce TaKH nOTparrHJla .QO rrOWTOBoro 06iry, 60 'leAlKe O,llHO'laCHO rraH MOXOB He Mir 3'JlBHTHCJI B 20-TbOX rrOWTOBHX Bi.Q.QiJleHHJlX MeJliTOrrOJlJl! Yci l.li MapKH rrOBHHHi 6yJlH 6YTH rrepe.QPYKOBaHi KJliwaMH 3 MapKOBoi 6a3H i 6ym B 06iry B rrO'laT KOBHA rrepio.Q, T06TO .QO cepe.QHHH JliTa 1992-ro POKY. Ha 3arrHT pe.QaKTopa "YKpaiHcbKoro !jJiJlaTeJlicTH'lHOrO BicHHKa" rraHa BIKTopa MOrHJlbHOrO 6YJla OTpHMaHa .QeTaJlbHa iH!jJOPMal.liJi rrpo MapKH MeJliTOrrOJlJl. AJle Bci iJlIOCTpal.lil 6YJlH BHKOHaHi 3 rrpHBaTHHX KJliwiB, 3a BHHJlTKOM KiJlbKOX MapOK. XO'la Ha l.liA iH!jJOpMal.lil CTOJlTb rrl.QrrHcH .QHpeKTopa MeJliTOrriJlbCbKOro PB3 i Aoro rOJlOBHOrO 6yxraJlbTepa, Bi.QrrOBi.Qb rOTYBaB iHCTpYKTOP Bi.Q.QiJleHHJI !jJiJlaTeJlicTiB rraH MOXOB. npoaHaJli3YBaBWH nO.QaHHA Y Bi.QrrOBi.Qi MeJliTOrriJlbCbKOro PB3 rrepeJliK MapOK, Ha .QiJli lK Bi.QrrOBi.Qi rraHa MOXOBa, i MaIO'lH iH!jJOpMal.liIO rrpo 06ir MapOK Y MeJliTorroJli, MOlKHa .QaTH rrepeJliK MapOK, JlKHA xapaKTepH3ye:TbCJI JlK: Ukrainian PhilAtelist No. 73n4 (1995) 176 ITpHBaTHHA BHnycK T3 T4 T6 T7 H2 H3 H6 50 50 K. I p. 1. 50 Ha 4 Kon (4891) - T4 + H2 (20 pOKiB OCC) 2. 50 Ha 4 Kon (4891) - T6 + H2 (20 pOKiB OCC) 3. 50 Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T4 + H2 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb) 4. 50 Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T6 + H2 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb) 5. 50 K.Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T4 + H3 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb) 6. 50 K.Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T6 + H3 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb) 7 50 Ha 15 Kon (6198) - T4 + H2 m. 4aAKoBcbKHA) 8. 50 Ha 20 Kon (6323) - T4 + H2 mOJliT CCCP-BeJlHKODpHTaHill) 9. 50 Ha 20 Kon (6351) - T4 + H2 mOJliT CCCP-ABCTpill) 10. 1 p. Ha 1 Kon (4733) - T4 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - BiAcbKOBHA II\HT) 11. 1 P. Ha 1 KOn (4733) - T6 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - BiAcbKOBHA II\HT) 12. 1 p. Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T4 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - BepIlIHHK) 13. 1 p. Ha 1 KOn (6145) - T6 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - BepIlIHHK) 14. 1 p. Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T7 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - BepIlIHHK) 15. 1 p. Ha 2 Kon (6298A) - T4 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - TpaHcnopT) 16. 1 p. Ha 2 Kon (6298A) - T6 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - TpaHCnOpT) 17 1 p. Ha 2 Kon (6298A 1) - T4 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - TpaHcnopT, He3yDK.) 18. 1 p. Ha 2 Kon (2698A 1) - T6 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - TpaHcnopT, He3yDK.) 19. 1 p. Ha 3 Kon (6146) - T4 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - KpeAcep) 20. 1 p. Ha 3 Kon (6146) - T7 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - KpeAcep) 21. 1 p. Ha 3 Kon (6315) - T4 + H6 (Opxi.Qell) 22. 1 p. Ha 4 Kon (6347) - T4 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb) 23. 1 p.Ha 4 Kon (6347) - T6 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb) 24. 1 p. Ha 4 Kon (6347) - T7 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb) 25. 1 p. Ha 5 Kon (5572) - T6 + H6 (60 pOKiB BY.QHHKY aBilluii) 26. 1 p. Ha 5 Kon (6148) - T6 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - repD) 27 1 p. Ha 5 Kon (6208) - T6 + H6 (YTDOJl) 28. 1 p. Ha 5 Kon (6316) - T4 + H6 (Opxi.Qell ) 29. 1 p. Ha 6 Kon (4737) - T4 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - Jli TaK) 30. 1 p. Ha 6 Kon (4737) - T6 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - Jli TaK) 31. 1 p. Ha 7 Kon (6299A) - T6 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - TpaHCnOpT) 32. 1 p. Ha 7 Kon (6299A) - T7 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - TpaHCnOpT) 33. 1 p. Ha 7 Kon (6376) - T4 + H6 (3 HOBHM 1992 POKOM) 34. 1 p. Ha 10 Kon (6149) - T4 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - CKY Jlbmypa) 35. 1 p. Ha 10 KOn (6149) - T6 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - CKY Jlbmypa) 36. 1 p.Ha 10 Kon (6149) - T7 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - CKY JlbnTypa) 37 1 p.Ha 10 Kon (6209) - T4 + H6 (YTDOJl) 38. 1 p. Ha 10 Kon (6317) - T4 + H6 (Opxi.Qell) 39. 1 p.Ha 15 KOn (4861) - T4 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - 3acoDH 3B'1I3KY) 40. 1 p.Ha 15 Kon (4861) - T6 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - 3acoDH 3B'1I3KY) 41. 1 p.Ha 15 Kon (4861) - T7 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - 3acoDH 3B'1I3KY) 42. 1 p.Ha 15 Kon (5984) - T6 + H6 mOJliT CCCP-AljJraHicTaH) 43. 1 p.Ha 15 Kon (5984) - T7 + H6 mOJliT CCCP-AljJraHiCTaH) 44. 1 p.Ha 15 Kon (6210) - T4 + H6 (YTDoJl) 45. 1 p. Ha 15 Kon (6320) - T4 + H6 (I. Me'lHiKOB) 46. 1 p.Ha 15 Kon (6321) - T4 + H6 (l. ITaBJlOB) 47 1 p.Ha 15 Kon (6322) - T4 + H6 (A. CaXapOB) Ukrainian l'IIiIateIU' No. 73n4 (\995) 177 48. 1 p. Ha 15 Kon (6352) - T4 + H6 KpiM nepeni4eHHx MapoK n04aTKOBOrO nepio)lY ooiry iCHYIOTb, MO)((nHBO, R iHlIIi BapillHru CIO)((eTiB i runiB KnillliB - Bi)lnoBl)lb MO)((e )laTH TinbKH )lanblllHR nOlllYK, aoo caM naH MOXOB. Ha )leliKi MapKH iHO)li CTaBHnHCli Bi)lOHTKH 3 3an03H4eHoro Ha MapKOBiR oa3i Knillia T3. llo BHluenepeni4eHHX MapOK npHBaTHoro BHnYCKY cni)l )lO)laTH lUe pll)l HOMiHaniB, npo lIKi, nnllHYI04H CBOIO eMicilO, MeniToninbcbKa nOlliTa HaBiTb i He 3)lOra)lYBanaClI. Ue: 65. 1 p.50 Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T6 + H(6 + 2) (CTaH)lapT - BeplllHHK) 66. 1 p. 50 Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T4 + H(6 + 2) (CTaH)lapT - KpeMnb) 67 1 p.50 Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T6 + H(6 + 2) (CTaH)lapT - KpeMnb) 68. 1 p.50 K Ha 4 Kon (6147)- T4 + H(6 + 3) (CTaH)lapT - KpeMnb) Ui MapKH BHrOTOBnllnHClI naHOM MOXOBHM ni3Hillle, nicnll Toro, lIK BiH Ha BnacHi 04i no!5a4HB nO)liOHi MapKH B BiKOHUl O)lHOrO 3 nOlliTOBHX Bi)l)lineHb. 51KicTb )lPYKY UHX MapOK oyna HaCTinbKH HH3bKOlO, lUO ROMY Hi40ro He 3anHlIIanOClI, lIK Ha)lPYKYBaTH eCTeTH4Hillii npHMipHHKH. lleTanbHo npo BHHHKHeHHlI HOMiHany "1 p 50" !5Y)le CKa3 aHO HH)((4e. nepmHA BHnycK 1992-ro POKY 15-ro TpaBHlI 1992-ro pOKY MeniToninbCbKa nOlliTa n04ana B)((HBaTH BnaCHi Map KH. BOHH ManH o!5ir y 20-TbOX nOlliTOBHX Bi)l)lineHHlIX MicTa, i Ha)lXO)lHnH B 30 nOlllTO BHX paRoHHHx Bi)l)llneHb; OCb Ha3BH MicueBOCTeR 3 UHMH Bi)l)lineHHlIMH: 1. ACTpaxaHKa, 2. Bo3HeceHKa, 3. Bo3pO)(()leHi£, 4. BHcoKe, 5. llaHHno-IBaHiB Ka, 6. llonHHcbKe, 7 3api4He, 8. KOCTlIHTHHiBKa, 9. MHpHe, 10. MOP)lBHHiBKa, 11. HOBrOpO)lKiBKa, 12. HOBo!5or)laHiBKa, 13. HOBe, 14. HOBoMHKonaiBKa, 15. HOBonH nHniBKa, 16. O!5inbHe, 17 OpnoBe, 18. nonllHiBKa, 19. npoMiHb, 20. Ca)lOBe, 21. CBiT nO)lOnHHCbKe, 22. CeMeHiBKa, 23. CnacbKe, 24. TepniHHlI, 25. THxoHiBKa, 26. TpoiUbKe, 27 TpY)lOBe, 28. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (\995) 178 a) nO./lB1AHa a60 nOTpiAHa Bi./l6HTKa HOM1HaJlY a60 TpH3y6a. BoHa BHHHK.1la 3 p13- HHX npH'IHH: iCHYIOTb nO./lBiAHi Bi./l6HTKH, O./lHa 3 JlKHX Bi./lTHCHYJlaCb cJla60, I B UbOMY BHna./lKY nOWTOBHK p06HB ./IPyry, JlcHiwy Bi./l6HTKY. AJle 3./1e6iJlbWa Bi./l6HTKH HaHOCH JlHCb aBTOMa TH'IHO, I He 3aBlK./IH nOTpanJlJlJlH Ha MapKY O./lHH pa3, a iHO./li ./IBa A 61JlbWe pa3iB; 15) Bi./l6HTKa HOMiHaJlY a60 TpH3y15a nepeBepHYTa '1H nOBepHYTa nl./l KYTOM. TaKe TpaJlJlJlOcJI Ha nO'laTKY npouecy ./IPYKY, '1H nlcJlJI TeXHOJlori'lHOi naB3H; nOWTOBHK, nO'lHHalO'IH p06oTY, He 3BepHYB YBarH Ha n03TaWYBaHHJI nOJlOlKeHHJI KJllwa, aJle nlcJlJI nepwol lK Bi./ll5HTKH 6paB ./IeplKaK Y PYKY TaK JlK Tpe6a, i ./IaJli np0./lOBlKYBaB YlKe po60- TY, np0./lYKYIO'IH BepTHKaJlbHi Bi./l6HTKH; B) nponYCK HOMiHaJlY a60 TpH3y6a. BiH BHHHKaB SlK Ha nOO./lHHOKHX MapKax B apKywi, TaK i Ha ycix MapKax Y UiJlOMY apKYwi. nepwHA nponYCK 3'JlBJlSlBCSI B HacJli./lOK He./l6aJlOCTH ./IPYKapJl, WO nOp0./llKYBaJlO A pi3HOBH./IH, nO./laHi ni./l a) i 6). Ha ./IPyroMY nponycKY, Ha Bcix MapKax apKywa, Tpel5a 3ynHHHTHCSI ./IOKJla./lHiwe; ./IJlJI npHcKopeHSI po60TH npouec nepe./lPYKoBYBaHHSI MapoK BHKOHYBaBCSI He O./lHiclO JlIO./IHHOIO, a ./IBOMa: O./lHa ./IPYKYBaJla TpH3y15H, a iHwa - HOMiHaJlH. KmKHa MaJla CBOIO KiJlbKicTb apKywiB, a nOT1M HanOJlOBHHY nepe./lPYKOBaHi apKywi nepeXO./lHJlH Bi./l O./lHOrO nOWTOBHKa ./10 iHworo, i SlKpa3 Y ueA MOMeHT i TpanJlSlJlHCJI "3150i": He./lO./lPYKoBaHi apKywl AWJlH Ha 06- JliK pa30M 3 HOpMaJlbHO nepe./lPYKOBaHHMH, a TaM ./10 HHX YlKe nHJlbHO He npH./IHBJlJlJlHCSI. CJli./l 3a3Ha'lHTH, mo Ha nOBHHX apKywax aBTopoBi UHX PSl./lKiB TpanJlSlJlHCJI TiJlbKH nponycKH TpH3y6a; KOJIH MapKH 3 nponYCKOM HOMiHaJlY nOTpanJlSlJlH ./10 nOWTOBoro BiKOHUSI - ix npOCTO BHJlY'IYBaJlH 3 np0./lalKY, i Ha./lCHJlaJlH Ha TaK 3BaHe ./IO./lPYKYBaHHSI. [HaKwe, Ge3 n03Ha'leHHJI HOMiHaJlY, MapKH HeMOlKJlHBO I5YJlO BHKOPHCTOBYBaTH; r) Pi3Hi Bi./lTiHKH WTeMnYBaJlbHOi cpap6H Ha TpH3y6i A Ha HOMiHaJli. Ue nOJlc HIOCTbCJI THM, mo npouec ./IPYKY 3./1iAcHIOBaJlH ./IBCE:; KOlKeH npauiBHHK MaB CBOIO WTeM nYBaJlbHY nO./lywe'lKY, cpap6a B SlKHX 6yJla He oI5oB'Sl3KoBO O./lHaKOBa; n Pi3Hi THnH TpH3y15iB al50 HOMiHaJliB B O./IHOMY apKYwi. TaKi Bi./lOMi aBTopoBi UHX pJl./lKiB, JlKHA I5YB CBi./lKOM npouecy iXHboro ./IPYKY. Ha ./IOnOMory B BHKoHYBaHHI uici HeKBaJlicpiKoBaHoi p0150TH, Y nOWTOBi Bi./l./liJleHHSI MicTa 3aJlY'IaJlH WKOJlJlpiB. TaK Y 15-Te nOWTOBe Bl./l./liJleHHJI, JlKe MicTHTbCSI B npHMiweHHi PB3, "Ha ./IOnOMory" I5YJlH Bi./lnpaBJleHI ./IiB'IaTKa cepe./lHix KJlJlciB, SlKHM 6YJlo ./I0pY'IeHO nepe./lPYKoBYBaTY MapKH. nOTiM ./IBOX 13 HHX 3a6paJlH Ha iHWY pol5OTY, a Ti, mo 3aJlHWHJlHCJI, ./IO./lPYKOBYBaJlH He- 3aKiH'IeHi apKywi CBoiMH KJliwaMH. 3BepHYBwH YBary Ha'laJlbHHKa Bi./l./liJleHHJI Ha ui "HecTaH./IapTHi" apKywi, SI nO'lYB Y Bi./lnOBi./lb, mo nO./lil5Hi apKywi BOHa 6a'lHJla A paHiwe. nO./li6Hi pi3HOBH./IH KOPHCHO MaTH B CneuiSlJli30BaHHX 315ipKax, aJle KOlKeH cpiJlaTe JliCT caM BH3Ha'laC, mo AOMY 36HpaTH. A OT ./IaJli MOBa ATHMe npo pe'li, TJlYMa'leHHSI no SlBH SlKHX nOBHHHO 6YTH O./lH03Ha'lHHM. y TPaBHi 1992-ro POKY Ha MapKOBIA l5a3i MeJliTOniJlbCbKOro PB3 HaJli'lYBaJlOCb Y ./IOCTaTHiA KIJlbKOCTI CTaH./IapTHHX MapOK TpbOX ClOlKeTiB, a caMe: 1 Kon (4733) - (BiAcbKOBHA mHT, 3eJleHa), 1 Kon (6145) - (BepWHHK, I5pYHaTHa), i 4 Kon (6147) - (KpeMJlb, cipa). Ha HHX 1 3pol5J1eHO, B OCHOBHOMY, 3araJlbHHA HaKJla./l BHnycKY. CJli./l ./IO./laTH CIO./IH me ./IeSlKi KOMeMopaTHBHi MapKH, SlKi He 3acpiKCOBaHi B 3BiTHHX ./IOKYMeHTax MapKoBoi l5a H. npo iXHi CIO)((eTH OCTaTO'lHO MOlKHa I5Y./Ie ./Ii3HaTHCJI TiJlbKH nicJlSI ./IOCJli./llKeHHJI nOWTOBHX nepecHJlaHb, ./10 SlKHX He npHKJlaJlH PYKY cpiJlaTeJlicTH. HecnOKiA Y pSl./lH cpiJlaTeJJicTiB i KepiBHHUTBa PB3 BHeCJlH nOWTOBi npauiBHHKH 18- ro nOWTOBoro Bi./l./llJleHHSI MeJliTOnoJlSl. flKmO npHnycTHTH, mo KOMeMopaTHBHi MapKH ./IYlKe-./IYlKe KOPOTKHA npoMi)((OK 'lacy BHKOPHcToBYBaJlHCb Y ./IeSlKHX nOWTOBHX Bi./l ./IiJleHJlX MicTa, i BOHH, npaKTH'IHO, He Bi./lOMi, 3a BHHSlTKOM KiJlbKOX ClOlKeTiB, TO 18-Te nOWTOBe Bi./l./llJleHHSI nOWHpHJlO CTaH./IapTHY MapKY 3a 2 Kon (6298A) - TpaHcnopT, lKOB To-l5pYHaTHY. 3anacH TaKHX MapoK 3aJlHWHJlHCSI Ha MapKoBiA 6a3i PB3, aJle Ix He HaBa lKYBaJlHCJI nepe./lPYKOBYBaTH 3 npH'IHHH iXHbOi ol5MelKeHoi KiJlbKOCTH. AJle nicJlSI Toro, SlK UJI MapKa, nepe./lPYKOBaHa B 18-0MY Bi./l./liJleHi, CTaJla Bi./lOMa nOMilK MicueBHMH Ukrainian Phihuelist No. 7Jn4 (1995) 179 $iJIaTeJIicTaMH, Ha MapKOBiA oa3i nOtlaJIH TelK POOHTH nepellPYKH Ha lIBoKOniAtlaHHX MapKaX. Ycix ix BHKynHJIH $iJIaTeJIicTH, TaK lIlO HOpMaJlbHOrO nOWTOBoro ooiry BOHH He MaJIH. P03pi3HHTH l.\i nepellPYKH lIYlKe npOCTO: MapKH 18-ro BililliJleHHlI, TOOTO cnpaBlii nOWTOBe BHlIaHHlI, OYJIH HallPYKOBaHi TiJlbKH KJIiwaMH T3 + H6, npH tlOMY KJIiwe "1 p" HaCTiJIbKH 3HoweHe, lIlO oYKBa "p" BHrJllllla€ 11K cerMeHT, i TiJlbKH BrallY€TbClI. CaMi nepellPYKH 3pOOJleHi Ha CKOpy PYKY, i tlepe3 l.\e Ha apKywax oe3JIitl 3CYBiB i nOliBiAHHX nepeliPYKiB. 3aTe MapKH MapKOBoi oa3H, TOOTO BHlIaHHll Ha 3aMOBJleHHlI, OYJlH nepellPYKOBaHi KJIiwaMH T2 + H6 i T3 + H6, npH tlOMY oYKBa "p" i OllHHHl.\lI HOMiHaJIY MalOTb npaBHJIbHY $OPMY, 00 iXHi KJliwa oy JlH HOBi, He3HoweHi. 3 tlepBHlI 1992-ro POKY Ha yplllIOBHX nepeCHJlaHHlIX BiliOMi MapKH 3 nepellPYKOM T3 + H2 "50" Ha Mapl.\i 3a 4 Kon (4896) - C. WaYMlIH, a npHOJlH3HO B lKOBTHi l.\bOrO lK POKY CTaJIH BiliOMi nepellPYKH T3 + H6 "I p" Ha l.\iA lKe Mapl.\i. MapKH OYJIH nepellPYKOBaHi B l.\iA lKe MaHepi, lIlO MapKH 3a 2 Kon. HOMiHaJl Ha Mapl.\i OYJIO 30iJlbWeHO 1I0 "I p" MaOYTb 3 MipKYBaHb OTpHMaHHll OiJIbWOrO npHOYTKY. MapKH npOliaBaJlHClI B nOWTOBHX BiKOHl.\lIX 18-ro BililliJIeHHll. Ue lK 18-Te BililliJIeHHll "3anOtlaTKYBaJIO" A nOllBY HOBoro HOMiHaJIY Ha MapKax - "I P 50", Llill p03rOpTaJIaCll 3a lIeTeKTHBHHM lKaHpoM: npal.\iBHHKH BililliJIeHHll OTpHMaJlH Ha MapKoBill oa3i cTaHliapTHi MapKH 3a 1 Kon (4733), 1 Kon (6145), i 4 Kon (6147), i pa30M 3 HHMH KJIaWa TpH3yoiB Tl i T3, i HOMiHaJIiB H2 i H6 (Ooa 3HOWeHi). 3a npaBHJIaMH Ha MapKax 3a 1 Kon nOBHHeH OYB lIpYKYBaTHClI HOMiHaJI "I P". a Ha Mapl.\i 3a 4 Kon - "50" nOWTOBHKH BHpiwHJIH nowaxpYBaTH, i Ha Bc ix MapKax nepellPYKYBaHH "I p 50" 3BH tlaAHO lK pi3HHl.\1I Bill BHPYtlKH MapoK nOBHHHa oYJIa niTH Ha nOTpeOH BililliJIeHHll. lIYTKH npo lIHBHHA HOMiHaJI Ha MapKax lIiAwJIH 1I0 KepiBHHl.\TBa PB3. ABTOPOBi l.\HX PllllKiB He BiliOMO, tlH OYJIO 3aCTOCOBaHe lIKecb nOKapaHHll 1I0 HatlaJlbHHKa 18-ro BililliJIeHHlI, aJIe MapOK 3 TaKHMH HOMiHaJIaMH HixTO Hille OiJIbWe He OatlHB. Ha nOWTOBHX nepeCHJlaHHlIX l.\i MapKH 3YCTpitlalOTbClI 3 lIaTaMH lKOBTHlI-JlHCTOnalia 1992-ro pOKy. LlJlll Toro, lIlOO "3araCHTH nOJIYM'lI", lIJIlI KOHCYJIbTal.\ii npHTlIrHYTO naHa MOXOBa, lIKHA BHpiwHB cnpaBH oe3 3aABHX TypOOT; 3a Aoro nopaliOIO Ha peKOMeHlIOBaHHx KOBepTax COB€TCbKOro B3ip l.\1I, lIKi OYJIH Ha MapKOBiA oa3i. nOtlaJlH nepellpYKoBYBaTH HOMiHaJl "I p 50", aoo "I p 50 K" THM caMHM l.\eA HOMiHaJI BH3HaHO ocjlil.\iAHO 3allHiM tlHCJIOM. He ooiAwJIocll oe3 HecnolliBaHoK i Ha caMiA MapKoBiA oa3i. UiKaBHA pi3HOBHlI tleKaB TaM 30HpatliB Y lKOBTHi 1992-ro POKY . TOlli caMe nepeBelieHo 3MiHY npal.\iBHHKiB Ha MapKOBiA oa3i. HOBa npal.\iBHHl.\lI, npHAMalOtlH cnpaBY, 3BepHY JIa YBary Ha BiliCYTHicTb neBHoi KiJIbKOCTH MapoK Y nepellPYKoBaHoMY BHrJIlIlii. CaMiA lA l.\10 onepal.\ilO POOHTH He XOTiJIOClI, a KOJIHWHll npal.\iBHHl.\lI BlKe oyJIa 3allHllTa iHWOIO POOOTOIO. LlOMOBHJIHClI Ha TOMY, lIlO HenepellPYKOBaHi MapKH BOHa nepellPYKY€ 1I0Ma nicJIlI POOOTH. npal.\IOBaJIH Bci€1O CiM'€IO, pa30M 3 lIiTbMH. BHAwJlO TaK, lIlO He BHCTaptlHJIO tl0pHoi WTeMnYBaJIbHOi cjlapOH. BHXili 3HalllleHo - WTeMnYBaJlbHY nOllywetlKY 3MaCTHJIH CHHiM tlOPHHJIOM. 3aB- 1I11KH TOMY tlaCTHHa MapOK CTaJIa MaTH nepellpYKH CHHbO-tlOpHOrO KOJIbOPY. BilioMe yplllloBe nepeCHJIaHHlI, 3aalipecoBaHe 3 17 -ro nOWTOBoro BililliJleHHlI; BiporillHO, lIlO l.\i MapKH nOTpanHJIH caMe TYlIH, i TaM MaJIH nOWTOBe 3aCTOCYBaHHll. Ue MapKH 3 HOBHM HOMiHaJIOM "50 K" Ha 4 Kon (6147) 3 nepellPYKaMH Tl + H3 i T2 + H3. IHWHA pi3HOBHlI tleKaB 30HpatliB Y JIHCTOnalii 1992-ro POKY, KOJIH Ha MapKOBiA oa3i 3 lIKoiCb npHtlHHH 3HHKJIa WTeMnYBaJlbHa cjlapoa. nOTpeoa B MapKax oyJIa rOCTpolO, i 3-nill KJIiwiB Tl + H3 3'lIBHJlHClI nepellPYKH "50 K" Ha 4 Kon (6147) cipo-cjlioJleTOBOro KOJIbOPY. Ui MapKH TelK MaJIH 3BHtlaAHe nOWTOBe 3acTocYBaHHll. IHwa cnpaBa, KOJIH nepellPYKoBYBaJlHClI MapKH, lIKi lIWJIH npllMiciHbKO 3 MapKOBoi oa3H B aJlbOOMH $iJIaTeJIicTiB. MHHalOtlH nOWTOBi BiKOHl.\lI. TaK HanpHKiHl.\i 1992-ro pOKY npal.\iBHHl.\lI MapKOBoi oa3H, onaHYBaBWH nOBHicTIO cHTyal.\ilO lIlOliO HallBHOCTH 3aJIHWKiB pi3HOMaHiTHHX MapOK CCCP Ha MapKOBiA oa3i, 3BepHYJlaCll 1I0 rOJIOBHorO oyxraJIbTepa 3 npOn03Hl.\i€1O peaJIi3YBaTH l.\i 3aJIHWKH WJIlIXOM nepellPYKYBaHHlI; l.\e OYB nepiOli HaABH lIloro niKY nonYJIlIpHOCTH MeJliTOniJIbCbKHX BHlIaHb Y cjliJIaTeJIicTiB. i HaAoiJlbWHX Hapi KaHb 3 OOKY 3BepXHHKiB - BHPOOHHtloro OO'€lIHaHHll "3anopilK3B'1I30K" Pe€CTpYBaTH 3a JIHWKH ycix THX nepellPYKOBaHHX MapOK, a nOTiM 3BiTYBaTH nepell 3BepXHHKaMH B 3ano- Ukrainian PhiloJ.ewl No. 7Jn4 (1995) 180 pi)lOKi Buell nepio.Q rOJlOBHoMY oyxraJlbTepoBi .QYlKe He XOTiJlOC5!. 51K BlIlIllIJl5! 3 Uboro CTaHOBlIllIa rOJlOBHlIlI oyxraJlbTep He Bi.QOMO, aJle B KHII3i OOJliKY, KpiM Bi.QMiTOK npo MapKII 3a 2 Kon, iHllIlIX Bi.QMiTOK npo Ui nepe.QPYKII He 3Hall.QeHO, He 3BalKaI0411 Ha Te, mo .QJl5! tjJiJlaTeJliCTiB Ha MapKOBill oa3i Ui nepe.QPYKII OYJlII 3peaJli30BaHi. Ui MapKII BalKKO Ha3BaTII HOBOPPYKaMH, TOMY mo 3BII4allHIIX nOlliTOBIIX nepe.QPYKiB Ha nO.QiOHIIX MapKax He POOIIJlOC5!. HallnplI.QaTHillia Ha3Ba .QJl5! TaKIIX MapOK ue llpYK Ha 3aMOBJIeHHB ifliJIaTeJlicTiB 1. 50 K.Ha 6 Kon (4737) - T3 + H3 (CTaH.QapT - JIiTaK) 2. 1 p. Ha 2 Kon (6298A 1) - T2 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - TpaHcnopT, He3yoK.) 3. 1 p. Ha 2 Kon (6298Al) - T3 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - TpaHcnopT, He3yoK.) 4. 1 p. Ha 6 Kon (4737) - T3 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - JIiTaK) 5. 1 p. Ha 15 Kon (4861) - T3 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - 3acooll 3B'B3KY) HaBpB.Q 411 nOBHlIlI nepeJliK MapOK nepllIoro BllnYCKY MOlKHa 3pa3Y TYT 3anpono HYBaTII, aJle tjJaKT iXHboro nOlliTOBoro nOXO.QlKeHHB B aBTopa UIIX PB.QKiB He BIIKJlIIKaC CYMHiBY. aCb BOHII: TI T2 T3 ~ ~ HI H2 H3 H4 *H5 H6 50 50 50 K. I p • D. 1 p. 1. 50 Ha 4 Kon (4891) - T1 + HI (20 pOKiB acc) 2. 50 Ha 4 Kon (4891) - T1 + H2 (20 pOKiB acc) 3. 50 Ha 4 Kon (4891) - T2 + H2 (20 pOKiB acc) 4. 50 Ha 4 Kon (4896) - T3 + H2 (e. IllaYMBH) 5. 50 Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T1 + H2 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb) 6. 50 Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T2 + H2 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJIb) 7 50 Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T3 + H2 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb) 8. 50 K.Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T1 + H3 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb) 9. 50 K.Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T2 + H3 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb) 10. 50 K.Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T3 + H3 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb) 11. 50 K.Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T1 + H3 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb, QIHbO-4opt11!l!) 12. 50 K.Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T2 + H3 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb, QIHbO-4opt11!l!) 13. 50 K.Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T1 + H3 (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb, cipo-tjJioneT.) 14. 1 p. Ha 1 Kon (4733) - T1 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - BillcbKOBlIlI milT) 15. 1 p. Ha 1 Kon (4733) - T2 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - BillcbKOBlIlI milT) 16. 1 p. Ha 1 Kon (4733) - T3 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - BillcbKOBlIlI milT) 17 1 p. Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T1 + H4 (CTaH.QapT - BepllIHIIK) 18. 1 p. Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T1 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - BepllIHIIK) 19. 1 p. Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T2 + H5 (CTaH.QapT - BepllIHIIK) 20. 1 p. Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T2 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - BepllIHIIK) 21. 1 p. Ha 1 KOll (6145) - T3 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - BepllIHIIK) 22. 1 p. Ha 2 Kon (6298A) - T3 + H6 (CTaH.QapT - TpaHcnopn 23. 1 p. Ha 4 Kon (4896) - T3 + H6 (e. IllaYMBH) 24. 1 p.50 Ha 1 Kon (4733) - T1 + H (6 + 2) (CTaH.QapT - BillcbKOBlIlI milT) 25. 1 p.50 Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T1 + H (6 + 2) (CTaH.QapT - BepllIHIIK) 26. 1 p. 50 Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T3 + H (6 + 2) (CTaH.QapT - BepllIHIIK) 27 1 p.50 Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T1 + H (6 + 2) (CTaH.QapT - KpeMJlb) UlrrainUm P/oilote/is, No. 73174 (1995) 181 28. 1 p.so Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T3 + H (6 + 2) (CTaH.oapT - KpeMJIb) IIi.opO!5KH nepmoro BHnycKY He 3aABHM !5y.oe TOPKHYTHCJI !5oJIIO'Iol TeMH nl.opol5oK Uboro BHnycKY. Cnepwy npo caM TepMIH - nJllp06Ka. BaraTO cepA03HHX 3HaBuiB IjlIJIaTeJIii TJIYMa'lHTb, KOlKHHA nO-CBOE:MY, ueA TepMiH. JlJIJI TOro, 111015 He nJIYTaTHCb Y BH3Ha'leHHi Tiel '1H iHwoi MapKH, TYT nponOHYETbCJI BBJllKaTH 3a HOpMaJIbHHR nOIJIToBHR BHnycK MapKH, JlKi BHrOTOBJIJI JIHCJI nOWTOBOIO YCTaHoBolO, al50 Ha 3aMOBJIeHHJI nowToBoi YCTaHoBH, He3aJIelKHO Bi.o .o03BOJIY KepYIO'Ioi Ha.ol5y.oOBH, 3 MeTOIO 3a.oOBOJIeHHJI nOTpel5 HaCeJIeHHJI B nOWTOBHX nOCJ\yrax. 3aTe nJllpo(JKa - Qe MapKa, '1H nepe.opYK MapKH, JlKi iMiTYJOTb MapKY, '1H nepe.opYK MapKH nOWTOBOro BHnYCKY; yci napaMeTpH ni.opo!5KH HiKOJIH He 315iralOTbCJI 3 napaMeTpaMH nOWTOBoro BHnYCKY. MalO'IH cnpaBY 3 MicueBHMH MapKaMH MeJIiTOnOJIJI, Tpe6a OCOI5JIHBO npH.oeplKY BaTHCJI QHX npaBHJJ. I TaK MapKH, JlKi MapKoBa !5a3a BHrOTOBJIJlJIa Ha 3aMOBJIeHHJI ljliJIa TenlCTIB, MOlKHa, He BaralO'IHCb, Bi.oHecTH .00 ni.opo!5oK, 3 npH'IHHH HeBHKOHaHHJI IXHbOi OCHOBHOI IjlYHKUli - nOWTOBoro oI5iry A HecnlBna.oaHHJI iHo.oi 3 ClOlKeTaMH MapOK now TOBHX BHnYCKIB. TYT, ynpaB.oi, MOlKHa 15 3anepe'lHTH, 1110 KynJIeHY TaKY MapKY 3aBlK.oH MOlKHa !5YJIO BHKopHCTaTH, HaJIinHBWH jj Ha nOWTOBe nepeCHJIaHHJI. TaK, .oiAcHO, aJIe npH UbOMY nopYWYETbCJI BlKe nOHJlTTJI CJIOBa nOIJITOBHR o(Jir, JlKe B HOpMaJIbHO 3aBlK.oH BHKJIHKaE acouiJiuli 3 MaCOBicTIO A pl3HOMaHiTHlcTb nOWTOBHX nepecHJIaHb, '1oro CHJIaMH caMHX ljliJIaTeJIlcTIB 3.oiAcHHTH HeMOlKJJHBO. npHBaTHi BH.oaHHJI naHa MOXOBa CJIi.o TelK 3a'lHCJIHTH .00 ni.opo60K. IHwa cnpaBa, KOJIH .oOBO.oHTbCJI MaTH cnpaBY 3 ljlaJIbcHljliKaTopaMH. JlKi HaMara IOTbCJI HalKHTHCb 3a paXYHOK ljliJIaTeJIlcTHB, HaBMHCHe ypi3HoMaHiTHIOIO'IH CBOIO npo.oYK UilO. He 6y.oe 3aABHM no.oaTH TYT "rOJIOBHi HanpJlMKH" ni.opol5oK MapoK MeJIiTOnOJIJI: - yci MapKH, JlKi MOlKHa 3a'lHCJIHTH .ao npHBaTHHX BHny cKiB naHa MOXOBa. Ix iMi TYBaTH Ha BHCOKOMY piBHi I5YJIO npOCTO He MOlKJIHBO. npH'IHHa npOCTa: 3 '1aCOM KJIiwa 3HOCHJICJI ; - yci BHnYCKH KOMeMopaTHBHHX MapOK, JlKi i MirylOTb nepWHA nOWTOBHA BHnYCK (KpiM UHX, 1110 no.oalOTbCJI TYT ni.o '1HCJIaMH 1-4, i 23 nepworo BHnycKY). Ue ni.op06KH, JlKi Ha.oPYKoBaHi cnpaBlKHIMH, aJIe 3HoweHHMH KJIlwaMH. Ha 'lac iXHbOi nOJlBH KJIiwa Ma JIH BlKe He.ooljl0pMoBaHHA BHrJIJI.o ; - yci, 15e3 BHHJlTKY, KOMeMopaTHBHI MapKH, BHrOTOBJIeHi 3 3aCTOCYBaHHJlM KJIiwa H3 - "50 K", Qe nl.opol5KH. Ha 'lac BHrOTOBJIeHHJI Uboro KJIiwa no.aH5HHX MapoK Ha nowTI BlKe He 6YJIO. - Te lK CTOCYETbCJI A ni.apo60K HOMIHaJIiB "I p 50 K" Ha 'lac .oPYKYBaHHJI HOMi HaJIY QHX MapoK KJIiwe H3 - "50 K" lIIe He !5YJIO BHrOTOBJIeHe, a KOJIH BOHO 3'JlBHJIOCJl Ha MapKOBiA l5a3i, HOMiHaJI "1 p 50" Ha MapKax npHnHHHB lCHYBaHHJI. - iCHYIOTb MapKH, JlKi nepe.oPYKoBaHI KJIiwaMH HOMiHaJIIB nepworo BHnycKY, a KJI1WaMH TpH3y6iB MaA6YTHboro .opyroro BHnYCKY 3 1993-ro POKY; ue, O'leBH.oJl'lKH, ni.a p06KH. - nepe.oPYKH, 3po15JIeHi He Ijll 0JIeTOBHM '10PHHJIOM, HaJIHTHM Y WTeMnYBaJIbHY no .oywe'lKY ('1HCJIO 13 nepworo BHnYCKY), a JlCKpaBo-ljlioJIeTOBOIO WTeMnYBaJIbHOIO Ijlap- 6010, ue ni.op06KH. JlJIJI Bcix cTaH.oapTHHX MapOK iCH YIO'IHX ClOlKeTIB, JlKI 6YJIH nepe.oPYKOBaHi npH BaTHo, Ha MapKOBiA l5a3i , al50 B nOWTOBHX Bi.o.oiJIeHHJlX nOTpi6Ha KBaJIiljliKoBaHa eKcnep TH3a. JlpyrHA BHnycK 1993-ro pOKY Y rpy.oHi 1992-ro pOKY MeJIiTOniJIbCbKHA PB3 nO'IaB rOTYBaTHCJI .00 ni.oBHllleHHJI TapHljliB. BYJIO 3pol5JIeHe 3aMOBJIeHHJI Ha BHrOTOBJIeHHJI HOBHX KJIiwiB TpH3y6iB i HOMi- Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n 4 (1995) 182 HaniB. POOOTY tlOpY'leHO naHOBi MOXOBY. npHOnH3HO Ha nO'laTKY Ci'lHlI 3aMOBneHHlI oyno BHKOHaHO: Knillia "2 KPO", "3 KPO", i "6 KPO" no n'lITb 3pa3KiB KOlKHOro, i "15 KPO", i "65 KPO" no TpH 3pa3KH KOlKHoro; KpiM Toro 6yno BHrOTOBneHe Knillie TpH3yoa T5. flori'lHO oyno 0 3aMOBHTH OinbllIY KinbKicTb TpH3y6iB, ane naH MOXOB P03CYtlHB no CBOe:MY. Ha ToA 'lac YlKe nlllInH 'lYTKH nOMilK <\linaTenicTaMH npo Te, IUO BiH TpHMae: B ceoe lIKicb Knillia. ~K KalKYTb, Bitl rpixa notlani: naH MOXOB pa30M 3 KnillieM T5 npHHic Ha MapKOBY oa3Y A Knillia T6 i T7 OCb TinbKH KonH BOHH o<\lil.\iAHO nOTpanHnH tlO nOllITH! 3a Aoro iHil.\illTHBOIO oyna p03p06neHa CHCTeMa nepetlPYKiB 3anHlIIOK MapoK CCCP, a caMe: Ha 1 Kon (6145) - 2 KPO i 3 KPO 3 TPH3YOOM T3, T5, i T6, Ha 1 Kon (6145) - 6 Kp6 i 15 Kp6 3 TPH3YOOK T3, T5, i T7, Ha 4 Kon (6147) - 2 Kp6 I 3 KPO 3 TPH3YOOK T3, T5, i T6. HOMiHanOM "65 KPO" HanelKano nepetlpYKOBYBaTH TinbKH MilKHapOtlHi KOBepTH , i Hi B lIKOMY pa3H He MapKH. MapKH l.\boro BHnYCKY nepetlPYKOBYBanHCli TinbKH Ha MapKOBiA oa3i, a nOlliTOBi BitltlineHHlI OTpHMYBanH BlKe rOTOBY npotlYKl.\ilO. Ha l.\eA 'lac, npO'lYBlIIH npo HOBY eMicilO MeniToninbCbKHX MapOK, i3 3anopilKlKli HatliAlliOB HaKa3 npo BitlnpaBneHHlI Bcix 3anHlIIKiB MapOK CCCP tlO BHPOOHH'lOrO Oo'e:tl HaHHlI "3anopilK3B'1I30K" HaKa3 e: HaKa3 - Tpe6a BHKoHYBaTH. A MapoK YlKe A He 3anH lIIHnOClI, xioa IUO no cenax Ha30HpanH TpOXH oinbllIe 30-TbOX nOBHHX apKYlIIiB 3 HOMiHanaMH 3, 4, i 15 Kon. LIlo POOHTH? KepiBHHI.\TBO PB3 BHpillIHno nepetlPYKYBaTH ix KnillIaMH "15 KPO " Ta He MOPO'lHTH c06i ronOBY; TaK i 3p06HnH. Ue oynH OCTaHHi MapKH MeniTononll, lIKi 3'lIBHnHCli B nOlliTOBHX BiKOHe'lKaX Y oepe3Hi 1993-ro pOKy. Pa30M i3 HHMH nOBHHA tlPyrHA BHnYCK, nepllIi MapKH lIKOrO nOOa'lHnH CBiT 19-ro Ci'lHlI I.\bOrO lK POKY, Hani'lye: TaKi MapKH: T5 T6 ~ ~ H7 H8 H9 HIO 2 Icp6. 3 Kp6. 6 Kp6. 15 Kp6. 29. 2 Kpo.Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T3 + H7 (CTaHtlaPT - BepllIHHK) 30. 2 Kpo.Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T5 + H7 (CTaHtlapT - BepllIHHK) 31. 2 Kpo.Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T6 + H7 (CTaHtlaPT - BepllIHHK) 32. 2 Kpo.Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T3 + H7 (CTaHtlapT - KpeMnb) 33. 2 Kpo.Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T5 + H7 (CTaHtlapT - KpeMnb) 34. 2 Kpo.Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T6 + H7 (CTaHtlapT - KpeMnb) 35. 3 Kpo. Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T3 + H8 (CTaHtlapT - BepllIHHK) 36. 3 Kpo. Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T5 + H8 (CTaHtlapT - BePllIHHK) 37 3 KpO. Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T6 + H8 (CTaHtlapT - BepllIHHK) 38. 3 Kpo.Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T3 + H8 (CTaHtlapT - KpeMnb) 39. 3 Kpo.Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T5 + H8 (CTaHtlapT - KpeMnb) 40. 3 Kp6.Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T6 + H8 (CTaHtlapT - KpeMnb) 41. 6 Kpo.Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T3 + H9 (CTaHtlapT - BepllIHHK) 42. 6 Kpo.Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T5 + H9 (CTaHtlapT - BepllIHHK) 43. 6 KpO. Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T7 + H9 (CTaHtlapT - BepllIHHK) 44. 6 Kpo. Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T3 + H9 (CTaHtlapT - KpeMnb) 45. 6 Kpo. Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T5 + H9 (CTaHtlapT - KpeMnb) 46. 6 Kpo. Ha 4 Kon (6147) - T7 + H9 (CTaHtlapT - KpeMnb) 47 15 Kpo.Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T3 + Hl0 (CTaHtlapT - BeplIIHHK) Ukrainian PhiloJewt No. 73n4 (1995) 183 48. 15 Kp5.Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T5 + HID (CTaH,llapT - BePWHHK) 49. 15 Kp5.Ha 1 Kon (6145) - T7 + HID (CTaH,llapT - BepWHHK) 50. 15 Kp5.Ha 3 Kon (4735) - T3 + HID (CTaH,llapT - CKY JIbnTypa) 51. 15 Kp5. Ha 3 Kon (4735) - T5 + HID (CTaH,llapT - CKY JIbnTypa) 52. 15 Kp5.Ha 4 Kon (4736) - T3 + HID (CTaH,llapT - rep5) 53. 15 Kp5. Ha 4 Kon (4736) - T5 + HID (CTaH,llapT - repO) 54. 15 Kp5. Ha 15 Kon (6()18 )- T3 + HID (CTaH,llapT - Pa,lli03B'Jl30K) 55. 15 Kp5.Ha 15 Kon (6018)- T5 + HID (CTaH,llapT - Pa,lli03B'Jl30K) Pi3HOBH,lliB Y UbOMY BHnycKY npaKTH4HO He 5YJIO. Xi5alUo BI,llOMa MapKa 4HCJIO 535e3 TpH3y5a. B apKywi Ix 5YJIO TpH. p03TaWOBaHi pa30M B ropH30HTaJIbHOMY pJl,llKy. TIoXO,lllKeHHJI Bi,llOMe - HeYBalKHlcTb npauiBHHKa MapKoBoi 5a3H. X04a KOHTPOJIb 3a ,llPYKOM 5YB Ha5araTo peTeJIbHiwHA. HilK y 1992-MY pOUi. Ha HaKJIa,llH KapOK IH TIepmHA BHnYCK 1992-ro pOKY l'IiCMUb H v l': i H "- .r. I'l a P 0 K Ki ,1bK iCTb UlT 50KOn. l KPc l KP6/2Ko n 3 0 r:i·;>lUb TPaBeHb 8500 9420 - 17920 qePBeHb 22600 21100 - 43700 ")lneHb - 15 0 00 - 15000 cepneHb 30000 1000 - 31000 B6peceHb 9600 10900 - 20500 *OBTeHb 17200 18400 - 35600 .lMCTOnaJI 32248 22146 12353 66748 rpY.JIeHb 5650 37858 - 43508 3 No. 73n4 (I99S), 184 3i CniB npauiBHHKa MapKOBOi ela3H KinbKicTb MapOK 3 nepe.oPYKOM "I p" Ha 1 Kon (4733) elyna HaelaraTo MeHwa, HilK MapOK 3 TaKHM lKe nepe.opYKOM Ha 1 Kon (6145). llpyrHIt BHnycK 1993-ro POKY 1'101'111'1"''- Ci4.eHb .ltlO'rI'(\Of 6epe3e Hb 3"- pi.1t """g~~;:.~. ,~ 29937 - 5ZMPn ~=2H~gH . ,t..J - - ..~ a~5 3ltP6/1lton 12054 16900 - 28954 3ltP6/4KOn 3000 - - 3000 6ltP6/1lton 81300 11200 - 20000 15ltP6/1lton 2850 14700 - 17550 15ltP6/31t0n - - 570 570 15ltP6/4lton - - 620 620 15KP6/15Kon - - 21 12 2112 3'" l'IiCRUb 53392 72737 3302 128.. 31 BllnYCKH MeniTononll o.oHi 3 HaltuiKaBiwHX cepe.o 4.HCneHHHX BHnYCKiB YKpaiHH UbOrO nepio.oy. Bi.oa TinbKH B TOMY, mO "oljliuiltHa" iHIjlOpMauill naHa MOXOBa .00 MiHicTepcTBa 3B'1I3KY YKpaiHH (t.(HTalt: 3BiT npo CBOIO .oillnbHicTb) HaneBHO KOnHCb ely.oe BHKOpHCTaHa IjlYHKuioHepaMH UbOrO MiHicTepCTBa lIK €.oHHa, mO 3acnyrOBY€ Ha yBary. TaKIIX "0Ijliui03iB" B UbOMY MiHicTepCTBi Ha3elHpanoclI, MaelYTb, YlKe B.oOCTanb 3 pi3HHX periOHiB Hawoi KpaiHH. Ane lK THM i npHBaelnIO€ IjlinaTenill, mo BOHa Bi.oKpHTa He TinbKH .onll .ooBipnHBHX, a It .onll .oonHTnHBHX. I. KaTaJIOr MapOK Me.niTOnOJI51 3anopilKlKlI, 1994. TIpHBaTHe BH.oaHHlI. 2. llOelKO, r "MeniToninbcbKi nowToBi BH.oaHHlI" YKpaiHcbKHIl Cfi/JlaTeJlicTH'I- HHIl B/CHHK (KHiB), 4.. 6 (21), 1992. 3. ''MeniToninbcbKi nepe.opYKH" YKpaiHCbKHIl CfiiJlaTe.nicTH'IHHIl BicHHK (KHiB), t.(. 1 (22), 1993. 4. HiKonbcbKHl!, O. "TIOWTOBi npoBi30pii MeniTononll" YKpaiHcbKHIl CfiiJlaTeJIic- TH'IHHIl BicHHK (KHiB), 4.. 1 (22), 1993. 5. "MeniToninbcbKi nepe.opyKH 1993". YKpaiHcbKHIl CfiiJIaTeJIicTH'IHHIl BicHHK (!(H iB), t.(. 2 (23), 1993. 6. HHlKet.(HK, B. "TIPOBH30PHH MenHTononll: 1991-1993 r r" WANTED BY COLLECTOR Ukrainian commemoratives with the printer's specimen mark: 1992 Austrian Immigration Issue (BK 45; Scott 142) 1993 Lviv and Kyiv Anns Issue (BK 47-48; Scott 148,150) Peter By ten P.O. BOI7193 Westchester, IL 60154-7193, U.S.A. Ukrainian Philatelist No, 73n4 (1995) 185 THE SECOND ISSUE OF OVERPRINTED PROVISIONALS FROM BUKOVINA by Oleh Panchuk and Ihor Hontsaryuk The postage stamps of the first issue of which have the text" YKpa"illH nOWTa" provisionals from Bukovina, the trident over instead of" nowTa YKpa"illH ". prints, I were used up by the end of 1992 (by On 19 January 1993, the Chernivtsi which time also, postal rates had been raised to oblast postal administration received a state keep up with inflation). It became necessary, ment No. 000 I 03 regarding the fulfillment of therefore, to prepare stamps with higher values its order for overprinting the 1,500 panes. The of from 10 to 100 krb. On 20 December document described 1,349 panes as being 1992, an urgent order was placed with the properly prepared while the remainder had Chernivtsi Oblast Printery to prepare over defects. As a result, the following quantities prints on the following stamps of the former of newly revalued stamps were put into postal USSR. Scott Nos. 45 96 and 5838, both I circulation: kop., and the 2 kop. values of No. 5984 and Value of IOkrb. 28,500 stamps No. 5984 var (the same as the previous but Value of 15krb. 28,400 stamps imperforate). Value of 25krb. 28,300 stamps A combined total of50,000 I kop. and Value of50krb. 27,860 stamps 100,000 2 kop. stamps were overprinted. The Value of 100krb. 26,444 stamps dark-violet overprints consisted simply of text In total 139,504; this is 4,604 stamps greater and the new values 10, 15, 25, 50, or 100 krb., than would be found on 1,349 panes. Most see Figure I. Figure 2 shows a cliche of a 100 likely some defective panes also made their krb. pane (reduced to 90 percent of original way into circulation. size). It may be seen that in each corner four The fact that only small quantities of stamps are overprinted with a single large coat overprints were prepared on stamps No. 4596 of arms of Chernivtsi and the combined value and No. 5984 var. was ignored. They were offour stamps (in this case 400 krb.). All the sold along with the overprints on the more remaining stamps on the pane have an identical abundant stamps at the main (central) overprint except for the two in the middle of Chemivtsi Post Office. All values were widely the second-last row (positions 85 and 86), circulated in the mails. Table 1. The Quantities of Former Soviet Stamp Panes Overprinted Overprint Scott No. of Soviet stamps overprinted (panes of 100) Value No. 4596 No. 5838 No. 5984 No. 5984 var. No. 5839* 10 krb. 20 76 190 19 6 15 krb. 20 75 191 18 6 25 krb. 20 77 191 15 6 50 krb. 20 73 189 16 6 100 krb. 20 68 175 21 6 * Overprints on this 3 kop. stamp were prepared in the printery as proofs. A portion of these panes did end up in postal circulation. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 186 Figure 1 Among the noteworthy varieties of this arms of Chernivtsi). Normal overprinted release are a small quantity of inverted over stamps (i.e. those not in corner blocks) total prints, as well as panes where all of the five some 25,000 for each of the new values. new values appear instead of just one. Such Considering that the majority of these stamps matters may be of interest only to specialists; were properly used to carry mails, one may be they reflect poorly on the oversight of the certain that this second Bukovina issue will be overprint production process at the printery, of great interest to philatelists who specialize since normally such varieties are supposed to in Ukrainian provisionals. Testifying to this be destroyed. interest is the fact that forgeries of these As may be seen in Table 1, the average stamps have appeared on the philatelic market number of panes (of each value from 10 to 100 place. krb.) is about 300, with some 1,200 corner [Translated from Bieti CYQ)A No. 29 (March blocks (showing the overprint of the coat of 1995, pages 82-88) by Ingert Kuzych 1 1 See "The Chernivtsi Trident Overprints" Ukrainian Philatelist No. 69nO (1994) pages 172-177, for a complete description of the fIrst issue of Bukovina overprint provisionals. No. 73n4 (1995) 187 nOWTa nOlina nClUlTa nOWTA l'KPAIHH nown l'MpaiHH YKpaiH" YKpaiHK Y"parrc" nOWTA YKPAIHH 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 nown O.wn OOWTa "OWTa nOWTa flown YKpaiHH YlCpai"H )I.paiHK YKpaiHM YKpaiHH Y"paiHH 400.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 400.00 nown nown nown nown nown flowra nown nown nown flown YKpaiHH )I.paiHK YKpaiHH YKpaiHH YxpaiHH YxpaiHH YKpaiHH YKpaiHH YxpaiHH Y"paTHH 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 nown nOLlna nown flowra nOWTa nown nowra n owra n OWla nOWTa YKpaiHH YKpaiMK YKpaiHH YKpaiHH YKpaiHH YKpaiHH YKpai"HH YKp aiHH YKpaiHII YKpaiHH 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 , 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 nown nou:",:a nown nOWTa nowra nown n ow ra nowra "OWTa nowu YKpaiHH YKpaiHH YKpailiH YKpaiHH YKpaiHH )llepaiMK YKpaillH YKpaiMK YKpai"HH YKpaiHH 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 flown nown nOWTa nOWTa noutra n owra n OWTa n owu nown nouna YKpaiuH YkpaiHH YKpaiuH YKpai HH YKpa "illH YKpailiH YllpaiMK YKpaiHH YKpailll1 YKpaiHH 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 nOUITa "own nowra nOtUra nOIUTa nowu nOlllTa nOWTa nowu nOliolT' Y"paillH YKpaiHH Y"pai"'tH Y"paiHH YKpai"IIH YKpaiHH Y"pa"iIiH Y"paiHH Y"paiHH )fllpaiMM 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 nowra nown OOUIU nowu nOWTa fluwn nOUlTa nown nowu nown Y.pajllM Y"paiN" )I.pa"ill" Y"pailiH YlCpai"uH YKpa i llH )'Kpai"1I1I YKpaiHH Y"pa"iIlH Y"paiHH 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100. . 00 1011 .00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 nOWTa nOWTa )lMpailUt YMP"!IIH nOlilla nOWTA l'KPAIH" n OWTa nOWTA YKPAIHH Y"paiHH )lMpaillM nowu nown YKpalliH YKpaillH 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 nOWTa nowu nown nowu "awra nown YKpaiN" Ya.:pai"H Yxpai"H Y"paiH" YKpaill1l YKpaiHH 400.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 400.00 Figure 2 Ukrainian Phihuelisl No. 73n4 (1995) 188 THE ROMANIAN POSTAL SERVICE IN TRANSNISTRIA, 1941-44 by Calin Marinescu Like the other participants in WWIl, Romanians underwent much suffering, seeing much loss of life and destruction. Abandoned by its traditional allies, France and Great Britain, Romania was left alone to face the expansionist powers from both west and east, and in 1940 it lost a substantial part of its national territory. To avoid the loss of its national identity, fate suffered Poland and Czechoslovakia, Romania adhered to the Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis, at the same time hoping to recover the territory lost through arbitrary dictates. To compensate it for the loss of its ancestral land of north-west Transylvania, awarded to the irredentist Hungary by the unjust Vienna Diktat of 1940, Romania was offered the Soviet territory between the Nistru and the Nipru rivers, territory overrun by the Romanian forces during the August-October 1941 campaign. Marshal loan Antonescu, the Romanian Head of State, accepted only the administration of part of this territory, that between the Nistru and the Bug rivers, where the etbnic Romanians constituted a majority.1 The Romanian civilian administration of Transnistria was established by the Decree no . I, issued on August 19th, 1941, from the HQ of the Romanian Armed Forces, then in Tighina (Ref. I, Vol.l, pag .377). A further decree, issued on October 17th of the same year, added Odesa and the surrounding region to the territory administered by the Transnistrian civilian government, Odesa becoming its capital. (Source - the daily Universul, Bucharest, no. 287/0ctober 22nd, 1941.) 1. Transnistria The territory between the Nistru and the Bug rivers was part of the ancestral land of the Romanian people from the oldest of times . The kingdom of the Dacian ruler Buerebista stretched all the way to the Bug, and when Dacia was conquered by Rome, the authority of the victors also reacbed past the Nistru, to the Bug. In later times, the presence of Romanians in this land is often referred to. A monk named Nestor, speaks in his chronicles of the 13th century Volochi, another name for Romanians. In 1824, a German historian, Rudolf Wedell published in Berlin a geographic-historic atlas, showing the Romanians to have reached the Nipru river during the 9th century. During the 13th century, Russian chroniclers speak of a Romanian settlement known as "The Land of the Bohoveni" (or Vohoveni), occupying a territory which included Volhynia and Podolia, and reached almost to Kiev. This settlement lasted to the middle of the century. when it was abolished by the Prince of Kiev. In 1681 Duca Voda ruled the entire land between the Carpathian Mountains and the Nipru river. being known as "Prince of Moldavia and Hetman of the Ukraine" I Editor: Transnistria is an artificial name meaning "beyond the Dniester" (Nistru in Romanian). The term was introduced at the beginning of the 20th century by Romanian historians to bolster Romania's tenuous claims to the territory between the Dniester and Buh (Bug in Romanian) rivers. In 1924 a part of Transnistria was assigned to the Moldavian ASSR (see Ukrainian Phiialelisl No. 57 "Postal History of the Moldavian ASSR"and UP No. 58 "Postmarks of the Moldavian ASSR "). During the Second World War Transnistria was an administrative territory that the Germans placed under Romanian civil authority. Contrary to what is slated here, the popUlation of Transnistria was in fact overwhelmingly Ukrainian; Romanians constituted a minuscule minority. The opening paragraphs of the "I. Transnistria" section of this article seek to justifY Romania's occupation of the territory, but instead demonstrate just how insubstantial (and distorted) their claims to this area were. Ukrainian PhilateJist No. 73174 (1995) 189 ~ •s ' TRANSNISTRIA ~ ' ~ 1941-1944 t •a' • Hotin / "--'" S (;.9 ,'Cri YOI;' -~O~z::.:ie~r..:;o;"'-"""-l I ~ The shires "'- ...... 1- 5 o ... , 1-Anoniev Soroco '- ,.. - ,- .... - - y- - . , I' 2-Bo\ to °Anonlev / \ -\0o 3-Berezovco 1 ,I 4 ...... ', / 4 -Dubasori I (.Dubdsori ( .... .( ~ , I 5-Golto ,...... -~ ..... 'BereL;,0Yco 8 6-Jugostru \ 7-Moghilau " 9 \ 0 Ce<:JCO.l , .0 CHisiNAu I 8-0ceocov • 9-0deso 10-0vidiopo\ 11-Rdbnito• ~ 12-Tulcin Cetoteo The BLACK SEA ~ 13-Tirospol Alba i In 1774, during the reign of Catherine II, the Russian Empire reached the Bug river, and only in 1794, after the Jassy treaty, did Transnistria come under Russian control. Moldavia was left with only a small territory east of the Nistru , that surrounding the town of Moghil!u (Moghilev), founded by the Romanian prince Ieremia Movil3 . This small territory came under Russian occupation in I g 12, together with the ancestral Romanian land of Basarabia. On December 17, 1917, Tiraspol saw an impressive congress of the Romanians of Trans nistria, aiming at a reunion with Romania, but the political situation of the day would not allow it. In an attempt to falsify history, in order to "legitimise" its claims for Basarabia, and the whole of Moldavia, in fact, the Soviet Union established on October 12th, 1924, the "Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic" , with 5516 km' of land and a population of some 500,000. It consisted of four Transnistrian shires: Rabnqa, Dub3sari, Tiraspol and Ananiev . After heavy fighting in August 1941 , Transnistria came under Romanian administration, its official title being "The Civilian Government of Transnistria" It occupied some 39,733 km', consisting of 13 shires and including two municipalities, Odesa and Tiraspol. In 1942, its population was 2,326,226, compared to a pre-war figure of 3,492,552. During the Romanian administration, the currencies in use were Transnistrian lei and Reichkreditkassenschein (RKKS). (It should be pointed out that it was not Romanian lei which were used, but a special currency issued for Transnistria by INFINEX, the Institute for External Finance, thus indicating yet again that Transnistria had not been incorporated in Romania, but was a foreign territory being administered only.) 2. The Postal System The civilian postal service in Transnistria was inaugurated on September 3rd, 1941 The public could only post postcards, written in Romanian, and registered letters containing documents and copies, but no correspondence. Nothing else was accepted. Only articles addressed to other Transnistrian or to Romanian addresses were accepted, and all these articles were censored. During the (northern) summer of 1942 , Transnistrian post offices commenced accepting mail addressed to all countries with whicb Romania was not at war Much of this mail was routed through the Bucharest Gara de Nord (Northern Railway Station) post office, where it was re censored. At the beginning of January 1942, the Censor required all correspondence, regardless of destination, to be in the following languages only: Romanian, German, Russian, Ukrainian. Italian and French. At the end of November 1942, Spanish, Hungarian. Croat and Slovak also became acceptable. Latin characters had to be used for the address. In March 1943, "the Transnistrian Postal Directorate makes it known that some local (Le. Romanian) post offices accept procedural (court) documents from Transnistrian post offices. Because such documents originating from the above-mentioned region have no valid status, having been issued in a territory outside Romania ... " (ref. 3, 3/1943, pag. 129). So much for Gibbons' assertion that Transnistria had been incorporated into Romania. Payment for posting newspapers was mostly made in cash. stamps being only rarely applied . The Post Offices The first post offices in the Romanian-administered Transnistria were Balta and Tiraspol , which opened in September 1941 , followed by Dubasari, R1bnila, Iampol , Moghil3u, Tulcin, Ananiev, Berezovca, Birzula and Razdelnaia. The Odesa I post office opened its doors on October 22nd, 1941, and Smerinca on February 1942. No. 73n 4 (1995) 191 In January 1942, correspondence was being admitted for these further Transnistrian post offices: Grigoriopol, Ocna, Obodovca, Be~ad, Carelnic, Olgopol, Savrani, Liub3!levca, Sf. Troi!a, Valea Ho!i1or, Jugostroi, Crijopol, Tom 3. Military Post Orfices in Transnistria A number of Romanian military post offices functioned in Transnistria, as well as a sorting centre (no.2, in Tiraspol), which handled all incoming and outgoing military mail. This sorting office closed on October 5th, 1942. Romanian MPOs recorded as having operated in Transnistria were nos. 23, 54, 116, 122 (Tulcin), 129 (Tiraspol 7), 135. Most certainly there must have been more. Some of these post offices are believed to have played some role in the civilian postal system, at least in censoring. Ukrainian Philotelist No. 73n4 (1995) 192 Table 1 Transnistrian Post Orrices and Postal Agencies --- ANA_V IALTA _zoveA Du...... JUGA'TRU MOOHILAu OVIDIOPOl RAIN'TA lULelN Ananiav' Balta' Ber.zovcI , Dublsari'O lampol' Moghillu # 0 Ovidiopol # 0 Rlbnita # Tulcin # Cernoyo Serfed landau Ciaar. Vapniarca , Smerinca # 0 Bile.vca Birzula # 0 ! BrashlY Jer.beave e.celnic Va.alinOYD Grigoriopol (1 eabcinti I Sargorod· Delnic 2 Abolimecovo ChirnasoYca Petrov.rivel Obodovca MOltovalZ Ocne earneviti Vindicenj" Gro6Bliebenthai Camenca Juralevca-Garll Sf. Troiti Olgopol Tibulenca Crijopol Blachi Neuburg Colbasana Jurcovca Sir•• vo Pellc •• na Zaharievca Dizigovca Copaigorod Vigoda2 Codima Ladjine Valea HOlitor Sayrani ODES.. Maioyca Cresnoie Cruti SpicaY8 Handrabur. 1 Od•• a I , 0 MiafCOY8 Dijurin Grabova Tahne Simeova' Odes a II # GOLTA Ol,ance laro,inca TIRA8POl lipetchi I Trostinel ...... Odes. III # Golta' 0 Toma,pol Lucineti Tiraspol # 0 Mocr • Capust8ani l ...,'Cl OCEACOY Oeeacov' 0 Odes. - Telafoane , Crivoi-Oziero Jabrocrici3 Murafa Grosulov8 Nestoite Clebani' Niceanoe # Antono-Cadineevo Liuba,evca Mironovca3 Sevarinovca Rudelnai8 Pesceanca Varvarovca Blaguavo Vr.dievc. Podisloveas Stanielavcic Siobozia Popenco Alexanderfeld2 Janoyca Oomoniovca' Tebicov8 Popiluchi-Gari Zelz Ra6cov Rudnila SiobotC8 Voroncillu " post office; all othcrs arc postal agenclcs to be established § postal inspectorate 2 - in the process of being established 3 to open on 1.8 .42 o identified cenSOr o ffice 4 request lodged (or conversion to post office 4. Postal Transmission The heavy fighting in Transnistria during the months of August and September 1941 had caused heavy damage to both railway lines and roads. It was decided that until these were once again ready for postal use, mail be carried by a four plane unit, which was to serve the localities in which post offices operated. The routes were to start in Tiraspol, and there were daily runs commencing on September 3rd, 1941. By December 1941 , some of the trains were running again and no further air mail was accepted, with the unfavourable weather having also been a possible co nsiderent in the suspension of the air mail runs. Air mail runs linking Romania and Transnistria: Route Period of Operation Bucharest - Galati - Chi~inltu - Tiraspol & return 5.05 6.07 1942 Bucharest - Constanta - Odesa & return 1.08 5.09.1942 Bucharest - Jassy - Chi~inltu - Tiraspol & return 7.07 27 .07 1942 Bucharest - Jassy - Chi~inltu - Tiraspol - Odesa & return 28.07 1.11.1942 Bucharest - Galati - Odesa & return 4.05 1942 There were three weekly runs on each route, by the LARES company. These are two examples of airline timetables of the time: I Buch&rcst I dep: 7.30 art: 17.30 I I art: 8.25 I I dep: 16.35 Gala\i I Bucharelt I dep: 8.35 I I arr: 16.25 dep: 7. 1S art: 17.25 I I I I arr: 9.30 dep: 1DO arr: 8.00 I I dep: 16.40 I Chi,inlu I Gal.!i dep: 9.40 arr: 1S.20 dep: 8.15 I I art: 16.25 I I I I arr: 10 .00 I I dep: 15.00 arr: 9. 1S dep: 15 .25 Tiraspol I Ode •• I Once the Transnistrian railways were back in operation, travelling post offices were introduced. Between 1942 and 1944 tbere was a main railway line linking Odesa with Razdelnaia, Birzula and Smerinca, with secondary lines running east and west. Of these, the more significant was the link with Romania, from Razdelnaia to Tiraspol, througb to Cbitinlu and Cetatea Alba, in Basarabia. Initially, tbe route of TPOs nos 41 and 42, Bucbarest - Jassy - Chitinau was extended to Odesa (through Tiraspol) by attacbing postal carriages to express trains nos 701 and 702 . A TPO network was then establisbed, wbicb operated within Transnistria only, but excbanged mail bags witb Romania. The numbering of these TPOs consisted of four figures , wbereas only two or three figures were used in Romania. Since the first figure of the Romanian numbering system indicated tbe railway/postal area wbere the TPO operated, it is possible that in tbe Transnistrian numbering system, the first figure (4), or even the first two figures (40) referred to tbe railway I postal area of operation, witb the last two figures specifying the TPO. Twelve TPOs bave been recorded, numbered 4001-4012, but there may have been more. The exact routes of these TPOs have not been determined, but these are some of the stations through which they passed: No. 4001/4002 - No. 4003/4004 - Razdelnaia, Odesa No. 4005/4006 - Birzula, Odesa No . 4007/4008 - Odesa No . 4009/4010 - RAbnita No. 401114012 - Odesa, Zastavna As in Romania, mail lodged with a TPO was first cancelled on the train, then passed on to the nearest censor office on the mute, from there to be sent to its final destination. UkrtUniDn PIIil4telist No. 7Jn4 (1995) 194 5. The Postal Rates On September 3rd, 1941, a first set of postal rates was introduced, differentiating between internal mail, within Transnistria, and external mail, to Romania. On October 6th, the two sets of postal rates were unified, with the exception of the air mail surtax, which had no relevance to internal mail. Table 2 presents the evolution of the external postal rates, which as stated above, were at a later stage valid for internal mail also . The exact date of the modification of the last set of postal rates has not been established, but it must have taken place between November 1st, 1941 and February 1st, 1942. In 1943, correspondence to Austria and Belgium seemed to have been taxed as for Romania, suggesting a uniform external rate. Table 2 Transnistrian Internal/External Postal Rates 1941 1941 1941 1942 1942 1942 1943 Sep 3 Sep 3 Oct 6 May Oct 5 Nov 1/ Dec internal external * /1943 16 Feb 1 Postcards & illustrated cards 12 24 6 6 6 12-- 30 Registered postcards 24 42 18 18 36 48 150 Registered letters 36 48 24 24 48 60 180 - first 20 gms - additional 20 gms steps 6 6 6 6 12 Ordinary letters -- 12 12 18 24 60 - first 20 gms. - additional 20 gms steps - - 6 6 12 Registration tax - - - 12 30 36 120 Express service tax - -- 24 42 180 AR service tax -- " 12 30 Air mail service tax 24 48 6 6 12 Inquiry tax " ordinary mail " - " 6 18 Inquiry tax " registered mail " " " 12 30 * Internal and external postal rates were unified on October 6th, 1941. ** It appears that by August 1943 the postal rate for an illustrated card had increased to 24 lei. Some Transnistrian publications of the time presented the postal rates in RKKS. Throughout the Romanian administration, I RKKS = 60 lei. At the time of writing this article, I have yet to see or hear of a solitary internal item of correspondence. No. 73n4 (1995) 195 6. The Stamps and Postal Stationery Postage stamps had to be used for all mail except newspapers. At the beginning of September 1941, the Transnistrian postal system received some of the (then) current Romanian adhesive definitives, as well as 50,000 Romanian military I leu postcards, to enable it to operate until it printed its own stamps and stationery. The first Transnistrian stamps were issued on October 6th, 1941 These were definitives (SG 1509-1511 , Michel 703-705, Zumstein 810-812), portraying the previous Iy-mentioned Prince Duca ("Duca Vod~ - Prince of Moldavia and Hetman of the Ukraine"). The issue consisted of three values , 6 lei , 12 lei and 24 lei, and were printed on paper watermarked CC and crown (the arms of King Carol II, who had abdicated the previous year), with the watermark being in an upright or an inverted position. The accompanying postal instruction clearly specified these stamps had postal validity in Transnistria, and only in Transnistria, not in Romania. Correspondence from Romania to Trans nistria could only be franked with stamps in use in Romania itself. The second Transnistrian issue was release GUVERN1MA NTUl CIVIL AL. TAANSNISTA'EI C;UV ER NJ. MAtHUL CIVIL AL TR ANSN IST AI GUVERNAMANTUL CI VI L AL TRAN""STR,I + + + PENTRU CRUCEA ROSIE 1943 LEI 300 According to several eyewitnesses, the whole printing was confiscated by Soviet soldiers in 1944, and released on the Bucharest market soon after the end of the war. The 1941 "Odesa" overprints on the "Brotherhood of Arms" issue was strictly a Romanian issue, with no franking validity in Transnistria. All items carrying such stamps could only have been philatelic at origin, and being allowed to go through the mail (if they did go through the mail) constituted an abuse of the postal regulations. Clearly, these stamps cannot be considered a Trans nistrian issue. Three items of postal stationery were released with franking validity in Transnistria only: 1942, 6 lei postcard, blue text and indicium depicting Prince Duca (H&G 107). The indicium measures 20 x 23 .5 mm, the postcard - 146 x 106 mm to 152 x 106 mm . - 1943, 12 lei postcard, brown text and indicium, same design (H&G Ill). The indicium measures 17.5 x 21.5 mm, the postcard - 152 x l04 mm. - 9 lei money order, red text and indicium, same design. The indicium measures 19 .5 x 23 .5 mm, the item - l48 x l05 mm. Other postal stationery are believed to exist, similar to those in use iii Romania (prepaid envelopes, telegram forms , etc), but none have been recorded yet. In the early days, some post offices (Moghilau, Tiraspol), accepted current Romanian postcards, also ignoring the incompatibility of the postal rates of the two systems. The decree, of May 4th, 1945, required everyone to hand in for destruction all Iron Guard. fascist or anti-Soviet issues, penalty for failing to comply being 5 to 11 years in prison. The stamps had to be destroyed, supposedly "as not to damage Romania's relations with the Allies", but, in fact, to maintain good relations with the Soviet occupying troops in Romania. The Transnistrian issues were deemed to be anti-Soviet, and were therefore proscribed. After the Soviet troops left Romania, and especially after 1964, these stamps could neither be displayed. nor traded, but could be held in private collections. The 1984 Romanian catalogue listed all three Transnistrian issues, without illustrating them, however, but with a note reading "these issues may neither be traded, nor exhibited" Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n 4 (1995) 197 7. Postmarks The large number of post offices and postal agencies operating in Transnistria (over a hundred were known in July 1942), suggests that a something like 400-500 postmarks would have been used to cancel Transnistrian correspondence. Those recorded so far appear in Table 3. and some of them are ill ustrated bellow. Throughout the Romanian administration, all cancellations and markings presented Latin characters onl y. ;,,)~/ J.- 't. -GIUH4Z1 '-../ ", PITaa PITac PITha PIV P5 P2a P2b P2c P7 P6b P6a P6c No. 73n4 (1995) 198 Table 31 Transnistrian Cancellations earliesr latest Type PI - purpose unspecitied - Subtype T - post office a. PO number Dot indicated aa. double circle Tiraspol 10 OCT 41 7 DEC 42 Golta 3 mai 42 "0 7 IUL 42 RAbnita 25 NOE 41 30 NOE 41 Ananiev 3 NOE 42 9 NOE 42 "0 Birzula 23 SEP 41 "0 23 AUG 43 abo circle I 4 arcs of circle Balta 25 !UN 42 29 DEC 42 Razdelnaia 3 OCT 42 ac. circle I 2 arcs of circle Odesa 25 NOE 41 23 MAl 42 Mogbilev 15 MAR 42 5 NOV 42 Tulcin 6 !UN 42 15 AUG 42 Birzula 14 APR 43 4 MAR 44 Balta 16 APR 43 Golta 18 !UN 43 31 !UL 43 lampol 22 SEP 43 Grigoriopol 23 OCT 43 1 MAR 44 Ovidiopol 2? OCT 43 DubAsari 30 OCT 43 Smorioca 11 DEC 43 b_ PO number indicated b8_ number at bottom Odesa No_I 20 JUN 42 Odeoa 3 1 DEC 43 Odeoa 5 10 NOE 43 17 FEB 44 bb_ aumber at top Odeoa II 23 AUG 42 12 FEB 43 Subtype V - postal ageacy Staoi.lavcic 12 AUG 42 Jud_ Mogbilev Smerinca 18 OCT 42 Jud_ Moghilev Crunoie 13 NOE 42 Jud_ Mogbilev Tro.tiae\ 16 DEC 42 Jud_ Tulcin ------1 - Courtesy C_ M_ Trevers_ 2 - The significance of tbe "earliestllatest" aspect of any such table depeods on the number of cancellations encountered - in tbe case of Transnistria, very, very few as yet for most types. 199 Vapniarca I I FEB 43 5 IAN 44 Jud . Iugastru Varvarovca 20 FEB 43 Iud. Oceacov Crijopol ?? IAN 44 Iud . Iugastru Razdelnaia Iud. Tiraspol Type P2 - departure a. EXPEDITIE Odesa I 24 IUN 42 18 DEC 42 b. EXPEDIERE Odesa 25 MAR 43 13 DEC 43 c. EXPED. Tiraspol 27 AUG 43 16 SEP 43 d. CURSA da. Cursa.II Odesa IAN 44 Type P3 - arri val = SOSIRE Odesa 12 APR 43 Type P4 - transit = TRANZIT Odesa (Aug 1943) Type PS - official = OFICIALE Ode.a I 23 OCT 42 14 NOE 42 Type P6 - registered = RECOMANDATE 8 . circle I arcs of circle lampol 2 !UN 42 Ode .. I 24 AUG 42 10 NOE 43 R4bni\ll 1 SEP 42 16 NOE 42 I Transoistria Ovidiopol NOE 43 Balta 24 NOE 43 Berezovca - 3 FEB b. double circle Golta 21 !UN 43 18 OCT 43 R4b nila 24 SEP 43 c . double circle I rectangle Ode .. I 19 MAl 43 28 FEB 44 Odesa ? 28 MAR 43 Type P7 - mes.enger = MESAGERIE Ode .. I 12 IAN 43 <\. Type ps. - money orders = MANDATE Moghilev 200 8. Registration Markings The interesting feature of the Romanian registration system is the presence of both registering postmarks and registration markings. The same system was introduced in Transnistria as well, except that whereas registering postmarks (type P6) were introduced at a number of post offices (those of Odesa, Balta, Golta, lampol, Ovidiopol and RAbnqa) , registration markings incorporating the name of the post office (type R2) have so far been encountered only on mail from Odesa, and surprisingly, from the Smerinca. Birzula used a skeleton marking in February 1944, and a February 1942 cover cancelled in Tiraspol bore a marking which did not specify locality of usage. Otherwise, manuscript registration markings were used, even at the relatively larger post offices such as Birzula, Golta and, particularly, Tiraspol (before and after February 1942) - the largest town in Transnistria after Odesa, appeared to have employed neither a registering postmark nor a registration marking bearing its name. Table 4, below, presents the registration markings recorded so far Table 4 1 Transnistrian Registration Markings Type Rl - mls a. PO not indicated RAbnila Odesa Birzula Tiraspol Ovidiopol b. PO indicated Balta Odesa II Tiraspol Golta Type R2 - PO specified a. shire unspecified Odesa I Odesa II Odesa 3 b. shire specified Smerinca Jud. Moghilev Type R3 - key type Birzula Type R4 - PO unspecified Tiraspol Within a grouping, locality markings are generally listed in chronological order. REC."'r. Schematic representation only I - Courtesy C. M. Trevers Uk,ainianPhilaJelist No. 73n4 (1995) 201 9. Censorship Censorship came to Transnistria at the same time the civilian postal system came into being. Censor offices were opened in the main post office in each shire, and then in other more important post offices. To indicate censorship had taken place, a marking was applied, and this marking was often accompanied by the censor's signature. The earlier markings, applied in 1941 and 1942, consisted of the word CENZURAT (censored), in a rectangle measuring 31-33 x 6.5-7 mm (type C3). That these markings were Transnistrian, not to be confused with the somewhat similar ones used at times in Romania, is demonstrated by the postal circular no. 399/942 (ref. 3, no. 12-1711942), which dealt with the problem of Romanian offices re-censoring Transnistrian mail, or returning it to the dispatching office, because such mail carried a "Cenzurat" marking and a signature, but not the location of the censoring office, nor the censor's individual number The circular explained that censor markings presenting those two features were not used in Transnistria. The second half of 1942 saw the introduction in Transnistria of a new type of censor marking, which included the word "Cenzurat", the name of the locality and the censor's number, all in aT-shaped frame (type C4), presenting two sub-types, single and double frame. As well as in the respective offices mentioned in Table 5. this markings should also have been used in Ananiev, Berezovca, lampol, Niceanoe, RAbnila and Tulcin. A marking reading "OPRIT A SE CENZURA" (Forbidden to censor) was applied on mail addressed to state dignitaries, members of the Romanian diplomatic corps, or of foreign diplomatic missions in Romania, as well as of the German and Italian military missions in Bucharest, and the mail was sent to its destination without censoring at either end. This marking is recorded as having been used in Odesa and Tiraspol (NSWP, May 1981 , item J and, respectively, February 1984. Fig.4). Mail originating in military hospitals bear as censor markings the respective identification markings. Military hospitals 391 and 406 were both located in Golta. It appears that the civilian mail posted in Tulcin during the (northern) summer of 1942, was censored at the MPO 122. Mail sent through MPOs bore the identity markings of the respective unit, and, more often than not, the framed rectangular marking "POSTA MILITARA 1 CENZURAT" (Military mail 1 Censored). 10. Other Markings An October 1942 Odesa postcard bears a slogan marking reading: "DATIl PENTRU MENTINEREA 1 DATINElOR STRAMOSESTI" - Give 1 for the preservation 1 of the ancestral customs. A fragment of a December 1942 Tiraspol cover carries a different slogan: "HRANESTE 1 PE eEL FLAMAND" - Feed 1 the hungry. No other such slogan markings have been recorded used in Transnistria. Ukrainian. PhiJJJtewt No. 73n4 (1995) 202 Table 5' Transnistrian Censor Markings Type Cl - mts Rabnita Type C2 - military (+ mts) a. army Odesa Tulcin Razdelnaia Ananiev Golta Birzula b. para-m iI itary Balta Tiraspol Golta Type C3 - rectangular, locality not indicated Tiraspol Odesa Moghilev Balta Birzula Golta Ananiev Vapniarca Razdelnaia Type C4 - T-type, locality indicated a. shallow aa. single-line frame Odesa # 1,2,5,6,7, 8,9,10, II, 13, 14,17,18,19, 20 Moghilev #2 Tiraspol #1 Golta #2 Ovidiopol #I Dubllsari #1 abo double-line frame Odesa #7, 28 Vapniarca #2 b. deep Smerinca #I Birzula #1, 2 Grigoriopol #1 Oceacov #1 Type C5 - OPRIT A SE CENZURA Odesa Tiraspol Within a grouping, locality markings are generally listed in chronological order. Ukrainian Philotdist No. 73174 (1995) 1 - Based on C. M. Trevers' classification, N.S.W.P., May 1981. 203 The activity of the Romanian civ ilian post office in Transnistria co ntinued until ea rl y in 1944, when, on March 4th and 5th, Soviet forces of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts resumed their offensive, breaking through the German and Romanian lines, and reaching the Ni stru river at several points between March 18th and 25th, and by April 10th , the Romanian and German fo rces had abandoned Odesa. • • The stamps and postal stationery referred to in Section 6, issued for the Romanian postal servi ce in Transnistria between 1941 and 1943 , have been listed under Roman ia by both Romanian and for eign catalogues. This is a serious mistake, because, as it was shown, th ese stamps and items of stationery had no postal validity in Romania. I suggest all relevant catalogues should include a new section, "The Romanian Postal Service in Transnistria , 1941-44" Bibliography I. Romania during the Years of the Second World War. Military Publishing House, Bucharest. 1989. 2. I. Milat - Transnistria, One Year since the Fall of Odesa, October 16th, 1941 - October 16th, 1942. Bucharest, 1942. 3. The P.M.G. Bulletin. Bucharest. 1941-1944. 4. The Bulletin of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Bucharest, 1941-1942. 5. Vasile Netea - Transnistria. Bucharest, 1943 . 6. Paul St. Iliin - Transnistria and the Ukraine. Bucharest, 1941. 7 The Journal of the Romanian Philatelic Society. Bucharest, 1941-1944. 8. The N.S.W. Philatelist. Sydney, 1981-1991 9. Odesskaia Gazeta. Odesa, 1941-44. • • • ~ OJ 2, 0 :; " -, ~ (: -J"' ., - cl~.:!. " ~ .--- 0 ~ a. ~, .---- ...... ------•. -. . , .2 v . ~ __ _. ___.....:._ . .;. _ .L...... _ ... .• ____" __ _. __ ~ ..• __ L.::.I .2 ...--~-- - - . ..., -.- - -.- --. - .-.- .. - . -----~::; "0 .. ,. ---- -_ ... .. -~~ . -<-- 0 • : (;r .. ~------'" E, . :; • .: ....~. ; .. "'I~ 'H :#~Il' " ~I ''"':I •. ' , .. e~:.J , . ,, : . ,, ~ .~ ~ ....lo ... C\j 'It . .,. (.ON,eM ~ f' :.Jr.~ ~'o,.,c r :.. d C~· .. ::' :.r:~1 !.~ rt'!i::lr.I.;Q orec e m::.-..:::: c::rc nu es:: ~~ !I S ~"!::I c.:t l ~':::.J (,:.~ ': "~ ~ :~! ~:.;,.. r l ~':::..I :n,:rt,,::fI. 204 Transnistrian money order All illustrations are reduced to 71 % unless noted otherwise 81 % reduction October 1941 card from Tiraspol to Bucharest. Romanian cards and adhesive were acccepted in the very early days of the Romanian postal service in Transnistria, but they had to conform with the local rates. This card bears .a 12 lei franking, instead of the required 6 lei. Very late (August 1942) usage of a Romanian 5 lei postcard. from Tiraspol to Piatra Neamt (Romania), in clear violation of the Transnistrian postal regulations. Ukrainian Philotewl No. 73174 (1995) 205 6 lei postcard, used in July 1942 from ".'. " , Golta to Turda (Romania). Censored first at Hospital no. 391. Cllmpulung Muscel. Romllnia (then located in Golta), and then again at the Golta P.O ...... ~ : ~ .. . ' '. " , ' . . 6 lei postcard, used in July 1942 from Birzula to Dorohoi (Romania). Marking (in green) of the military censor of the Romanian U nit for Road Patrolling and that of the Birzula P.O. censor. May 1943 registered cover from Odesa to Cristin~ti (PomAria), via Dorohoi. Marking of the Odesa censor no. 10. The manuscript Recomandatll (registered) is the private endorsement of the sender. Uk,ainian PhiUJJdUt No. 73n4 (1995) 206 October 1943 registered cover from Golta to Pite$ti (Romania). Censored at the Military Hospital no . 406, then again at the External Censor Office no .8 (Bucharest Gara de Nord P.O.), by Censor no .37. who must have regarded it as an externai item. Note the juxtaposition of the registering cancellation and the manuscript registration marking - Rec NQ 849 / Golta. August 1943 registered cover from Tiraspol to Bucharest. Note manuscript registration marking - Rec 688 - used in conjunction with departure cancellation - Tiraspol does not appear to have employed a registering cancellation. Censor no . 1 Tiraspol. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n 4 (1995) 207 6 lei postcard (bearing an additional 6 lei adhesive, to satisfy the increased postal rate), from Crijopol (Jugastru shire) to Bucharest, and posted at the Vapniarca postal agency in February 1943, where the card was probably censored. • • • ~...... (~I.~ e \ u I I.• 4,. 36. "'c.;.:~ ~ /~ !!!!!!!..10-l!. D ",' 21 0 'I.' hi '942 6lO" l NISTDUlUI M.14 .... il.r dl.lre Nisin .1 .., TIr .. ,o. IISAlooeflE 011 DOIIL IIIEIiLOLOI: 0,.,...... ~ ... _ .. _.... clut•• .' C...... ,...... --. wet' U .. au lb •••• , AlllllE .tll nI 1M _ ...... al ...... ttor II ..... ,w ...... _--... P...... can.. dUll • ~_ ...... " '''''tol ."t~I"r " .,., r '·,fl• ...... ,."., ,,,..ull Pkat CII ...... ". InnhII .. llorie lilt 4', I .. "" nrtrtlli'. 16 . alII ..... prt,,~ n ...... ,.... cl&re .. llIor...... oIKda ,.,. .. .. yeM. .,n '~"'r " ..... 1.' /ru,,' fl.. ,... ~ .• ItI"" oIt cli',. "..., •. : dINI ...... sa ..,... aiel Tart, •• aU r.,,, "".r." ,.. ", ... ,. ·: ••1 ...... II .. ~ ...... " 1"1 .. ,,, ,.,,1~'~lfltH ...... f.· ,. ,,1, ..... '/",.'ff u-...... CREDINTA $1 CAlENDARUl THE VOICE OF THE NISTRU The Journal of the Moldavians between the Nistru and the Bug postmarked ODESA I I 23 OCT 42 16 I OFICIALE Reprinted from the Romanian Postal History Bulletin No. 10 (1993) pp. 5-24. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73174 (1995) 208 NEW DATA ABOUT THE ROMANIAN POSTAL SERVICE IN TRANSNISTRIA, 1941-44 by eli/in Marinescu This article continues the research into the activity of the Romanian Postal Service in Transnistria during the Second World War. This new information expands our knowledge of the postal history of that time. Geographically every Transnistrian county (judet) was divided into districts (raioane), small towns (comune), and villages. For example, County Golta consisted of four districts, 78 small towns, and 220 villages for a total of 406,398 hectares. The County of Rabnita was divided into five districts namely Rabnita, Birzula, Codima, Camenca, and Plesceana (298,560 hectares). The whole of Transnistria was divided into 13 counties, 64 districts, 1292 small towns, and 2468 villages. There were two municipalities: one in Odessa and the other in Tirasopol. A mapping error in the previous article located the post office of Berezovca in the county of Odessa (9) instead of Berezovca (3). The following table provides opening (inauguration) information for a number of post offices and helps define their periods of activity. Date of Opening Post Office County May 13, 1943 Ciurni Cut Ananiev May 13, 1943 Nicolaevca 0 Ananiev May 13, 1943 Striucova Ananiev June 2, 1943 Balsoi-Fontana Odessa June?,1943 Zastava Odessa June 15, 1943 Trihati Oceacov June 23, 1943 Domoniovca Golta In 1943 clandestine movement of mail between Transnistria and Romania was reported. The state had a monopoly on the mails and very severe punishments were meted out for unauthorized postal deliveries. In October of 1943 Russian prisoner of war camps were located near Balta and Tirasopol. I have yet to see the types of mail (postcards) that were used by the prisoners for their correspondence. In July of 1994 the Transnistrian Postal Directorate in Odessa, as it was closing down its activities, reported that its head office was in the Old Post Office building of "Bucuresti 24 Senat" in Bucharest. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73174 (1995) 209 The following is a list of newly found cancellations and markings. Transnistrian Cancellations (Additiom to Table 3) Type Purpose Earliest Latest P1 Purpose Unspecified Subtype P - Post Office aa double circle Rabnita Aug 31,42 Subtype V -Postal Agency Colbasna Mar 12,43 Jud. Rabnita P6 Registered = RECOMANDATE a.circle/arcs of circle Dec 11, 43 Smerinca Oct ? 43 Rabnita-Transnistria Aug 14, 42 P8 Money Orders = Mandate Tirasopol 43 P9 Telegrams = Telegrame Odessa I Mar? 44 Transnistrian Registration Markinp (Additiom to Table 4) Type PO specified R2 a. County unspecified Odessa S Rabnita-Transnistria Transnistrian Censor Markinp (Additiom to Table S) Type Locality Indicated C4 T type aa. single line frame Tirasopol #2 Oceacov #2 Rabnita #1 Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 210 The Romanian military mail of Transnistria us,ee1 a lot of different types of markings. R R"IiIHfA' TRANSNISTRIA 1-./0 •••.••.•..••. TIRAS POL ...... '1,3 MAND~TE Some of these even had the locality inscribed (somewhat unusual for military mail). Here is a marking from Odessa inscribed "MARELE CARTIER GENERAL • Serviciul de Captura, Odessa" (The Great headquarters, The Department of Capture, Odessa) with the emblem of Romania in the center. No. 73n4 (1995) 211 Other Markings In January 1942 a Tirasopol postcard bears the following slogan marking. "DONATI PENTRU I PALATUL INVALIZILOR" (Give for I the Palace of the Invalids). Figure 1. The Post Office building in Odessa (maybe No.n A Vd tJuddi ,¥//t11 ~d.j / Figure 2. Postcard still from Oceacov /() Bucharest in November 1942. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73174 (1995) 212 POSTAt~ .,0 ~':' j O?; \ J{1 c.D ~s.M Ll 0r ~ e"\,,. fiO(JH;~j;AAAl.. (~'f': Mlo) ir' Co ;>.,01 Figure 3. Postcard sent from Tirasopollo Bocsa Montana in January 1942. Censor No.2 Tirasopolllllll'king. Ita hl/2 7lZCLf-?K- Figure 4. Letter registered from Tirasopol to Bucharest. Note manuscript registration marking Rec. 162 of January 1942. Rectongular censor marking, locality not indicated (Tirasopol). Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73174 (1995) 213 Figure 5. Set of stompl ("Tranmistria - one year linee conquest"Jon an AtumU, canceled to orrhr corer dDted Norember 9, 1942. Bibliography 1. The Universul newspaper, Bucharest 1941 - 1943 2. The Transnistria newspaper, Bucharest 1941 - 1943 Reprinted from the Romanian Postal History Bulletin No . 13 (1994) pp. 11-17 A COMMENTARY ON TWO TRANSNISTRIA POSTAL CARDS by Alexander Malycky Following a short historical background, the article deals with two postal cards of Transnistria [a part of southwestern Ukraine occupied during World War II by Romania (then an ally of Germany) and treated by the Romanians as a separate political and administrative entity]. Both postal cards have a 6 Lei Transnistria stamp printed on them (this is one of the two types of Transnistria postal cards issued; the other has an imprinted 12 Lei stamp). Both cards were sent in 1942 to Romania, one from Golta (now Pervomaysk[e]), and the other from Tyraspi1 (now in the "Transdniestrian Moldovan Republic"). The article further discusses the cards' cancellations and censorship marks, and provides the Ukrainian translation of their Romanian message texts. (This summary is of the Ukrainian-language article on the next several pages.) V/t'4UWm PltiJaulUt No. 7Jn4 (1995) 214 KOMEHT AP .llO .llBOX RHCTIBOK TPAHCHICTPIi flallaB OAeKCaHllep NfaAHUbKHB TIpoTliroM 1941-1944 pOKIB niB HI, a TIIM Clinbwe TaKi, mo npoA.wnll 4epe3 LIeHHo-3axlLIHlI 4aCTliHa YKpaiHII (MIlK nowToBIIA. oClir 4epe3 ue aBTOp UIIX PM .llHicTPOM I BOrOM (Iua B COBETCbKOMY KiB XOTiB ClH nOLIinHTIICli TYT 3i 3fillpaUb Ha30BHIIUTBI BlLIOMIIA. lIK TIiBLIeHHIIA. Byr, KOIO rpOMaLIOIO LIaHIIMH npo LIBa npo Ha3BaHIIA. TaK niLI BnnllBOM poclA.CbKOi A.woBwl nOWTY TOTOlKHi npHMipHIIKII OLI reorpaljli4HOi TpaLIlluii, mo A. KonilOlOTb Y HIEi 3 lIBOX LIoci BlIlIBneHIIX nHcTIBoK CBoix nHcaHHlIX aBToplI 3 3aXOLIY) Cly na nOBHlcToK TpaHCHlcTpii, a caMe ulEi 3 oKynoBaHa COlO3HOlO 3 HiMe4411HOlO Py HaLIPYKOBaHOIO Ha HIIX MapKOIO 3a 6 PY MYHiElO, lIKa CTBopllna TYT noniTlI4HO MYHCbKIIX neiB (Y TpaHcHicTpii KYPCY aLIMiHlcTpaTIIBHY TeplITopilO nlLI Ha3BOlO Banll PYMYHCbKI rpowi A. HiMeUbKi paA.XC TpaHCHlcTplli. TaM TOLIi LIillna TelK nom KpeLIiTKaceHwaA.HII), mo ix A.OMY HemO Ta 3 nOHaLI 100 nOWTOBIIMII ypliLIaMII A. LIaBHO nOmaCTllno npHLIfiaTII LInli CBOEi areHulliMlI, LInli nOTeCl lIKoi Cly nil BIILIaHI 3ClIpKII (LIPyrolO nHcTiBKolO-noBHlcTKOIO nOWTOBi MapKH A. nOBHicTKH (ulnbHI pe4i), TpaHcHlcTpii 5yna nHCTiBKa 3 HaLIpy a caMe LIBi nllCTiBKII A. rpoweBIIA. nepeKa3, KOBaHOIO Ha HIA. MapKOIO 3a 12 neiB2). YBeLIeHO KaneHLIapHi PYMYHCbKOMOBHi 4H KaneHLIapHi 3pYMYHi30BaHi WTeMneni Ta OLIHa 3 UIIX nHCTiBOK (inlOcTpauili WTeMneni LInli n03Ha4eHHlI nopY4eHHX I), Ha lIKiA. BiLICHna4 He nOLIaHIIA., fiyna (peKOMeHLIOBaHIIX) nOWTOBHX nOCHnOK, i 3aaLIpeCOBaHa LIO Hc, Y PYMYHii. BOHa CiTKY CTaHIIUb LInli ueH3ypII nOWTH 3i Clyna CKaCOBaHa 14-ro nHCTonaLIa 1942- CBoiMII WTeMnenliMII UeH3ypH, Ha lIKHX ro pOKY KaneHLIapHHM WTeMneneM Ha no nOLIaBanOCli TaKOlK Micue LIli ueH30pa, Ta WTi B MicueBocTI rOnTa (Tenep TIepBo A.oro 4l1cno. TIpll UbOMY BapTO LIOLIaTlI, MaA.cbKe), Ta A. npoueH3ypOBaHa TaMOW mo PYMYHill, lIK i HiMe4411Ha, p03rnll HIM UeH30POM N' 2. B HCII BOHa npHfiy na LIanll TOLII CCCP lIK POCilO, I TOMY, He3Ba A. fiyna nepeWTeMnenbOBaHa TaM (KaneH lKalO4H Ha ue, mo BOHII Benll BiA.HY 3 LIapHHA WTeMnenb Hc He 4HTKHA.) 17-ro CCCP, iXHi nOWTII nepeLIaBanll B oKyno nHCTonaLIa Uboro lK POKY. BaHIA. HIIMH YKpaiHi Ha3BH MlcueBocTeA. He Ha niLICTaBI iXHix YKpaiHCbKIIX Ha3B, a 3 PYMYHCbKOMOBHIIA. TeKCT nOBiLIOM POCiA.CbKIIX BiLInOBiLIHIIKiB UIIX Ha3B (a neHHlI Ha ii 3BOPOTHiA. CTOPOHi (y no- HiMe4411Ha KplM Toro BBalKana YKpaiH 4aTKoBIA. CTaLIii IjlYHKuioHYBaHHlI nOWTII CbKY ranll411HY 3a TIonbmy, I TOMY, He- TpaHCHicTpli Ha nHcTIBKax LI03BonllnHCli 3BalKalO411 Ha ue, mo BOHa Bena BiA.HY 3 TeKCTlI, nllcaHI TinbKII no-pYMYHCbKOMY; TIonbmelO, ii nOWTII nepeLIaBanll TaMowHI 3rOLIOM nHCTH 3arpaHHUIO, TinbKII LIO Ha3BII MlcueBocTeA. He Ha nlLICTaBi iXHlx KpaiH, 3 lIKIIMII PYMYHili He nepefiYBana B YKpaiHCbKIIX Ha3B, a 3 nonbCbKIIX BlLIno CTaHi BiA.HH, MOlKHa fiy nil nllCaTH nil we BilIHlIKIB UIIX Ha3B). PYMYHCbKOlO, IjlpaHUY3bKOlO, HiMeUbKolO, ITaniA.cbKolO, POCiA.CbKOIO, A. YKpaiH Y nlTepaTypi BlKe BlLI3Ha4anOClI, CbKOIO MOBaMII3) TaKIIA. (inlOcTpauili 2)4: mo Ha npoA.woBwl 4epe3 nowToBIIA. oClir nOWTOBI nOCllnKH 3 MapKaMII TpaHCHic "rOnTa, 14 nHCTonaLIa 1942 Tpli CborOLIHI BlKe LIYlKe BalKKO Ha Tpa nllTII1. Ta me plLIKicHlwlIMII lIBnlllOTbCli TIOBalKaHi TIaHi A. TIaHe UkrainUm Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 215 CARTE POSTAL!l Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 216 3 AoporH AO MicUli npH3Ha'leHHlI P03Mip UIEI JlHCTiBKH: 149 MM X nepeCHJlalO BaM 6ara TO n06alKaHb 3AO 104 MM, T06TO BOHa CBOEIO llIHPHHOIO MaR POB'lI i A06pa, AliKYIO'IH BaM me pa3 3BiA lKe TOTOlKHa 3 nonepeAHbO 06rOBope ciJlll 3a oniKY i CTapaHHlI, lIKi 6YJlH TaKi HOIO, aJle Ha 4 MM AOBllIa BiA Hei. npHXHJlbHi i lIKi 1I 3a3HaB BiA naHCTBa. CYAlI'IH no npi3BHmax, 06i JlHCTiB Ha 3AOpOB'lI KH BHCHJlaJlHCb oc06aMH iHllIOi Hauio HaJlbHOCTH, HilK YKpaiHCbKa, TO lK nHTaH OKTaB Pycy" HlI, '1H MicueBe YKpaiHCbKe HaCeJleHHlI MOrJlO KOpHCTYBaTHCli nOlliTOIO TpaHCHic P03Mip UIEI JlHCTiBHH: 145 MM X Tpii, npo mo R TaK HeMaE OAHOCTaRHoi lOS MM, He TOTOlKHHR 3 ApyrolO, 06ro AYMKH, TYT He 06rOBOpIOETbCli. BoplOBaHOIO TYT JlHCTiBKOlO, npo mo 3ro AOM. nPHMITKH llpyry JlHCTiBKY (iJlIOCTpauili 3) HanHcaB i BHCJlaB 24-ro KBiTHli 1942-ro POKY MixaiJl KTiy ('1H ue He CKOpO'leHe I Chris. M. Trevers, "Transnistria npi3BHme?) 3 THpaCnOJl51 AO BYKapeUITY, - Some Notes on the Cancellations and KYAH BOHa npH6YJla 27-ro KBiTHli Uboro Markings Used under the Roumanian lK pOKY (KaJleHAapHHR llITeMneJlb BYKa Administration," 5lMl1lHK / The Post pelliTY TelK AYlKe He'lHTKHR). OAHOPllA Rider (TOpOHTO, OHTapio), BHn . 10, rpa KOBHR, Y npliMOKYTHiR 06BiAUi llITeMneJlb BeHb 1982, CTOp. 9. npoueH3YPYBaHHlI He nOAaE MicueBOCTH, Ae Ull npoueAypa npOBOAHJlaCb, Ma6YTb 2Dumitru C. Biala, "The Rouma Y BYKapellITi, Ae npOBOAHJlaCb ueH3ypa nian Post in Transnistria," 5lMl1lHK / The BciE! nOlliTH 3 TpaHCHicTpii n03a Ii MelKi, Post-Rider (TOpOHTO, OHTapio), BHn . 29, BKJlIO'IHO 3 PYMYHiElO5 rpYAeHb 1991, CTOp. 35. Ull JlHCTiBKa iJlIOCTpYETbCli TaKOlK Y BHmeUHTOBaHiR PYMYHCbKOMOBHHR TeKCT nOBiAOM cTaTTi TpeBepca, Ha CTOp . 17, i 18. JleHHlI Ha 3BOPOTHiR CTOPOHi UiEi JlHCTiBKH TaKHR (iJlIOCTpauili 4): 3Ciilin Marinescu, "The Rouma nian Posts in Transnistria," 5lMl1lHK / "24. IY 1942 The Post-Rider (TOpOHTO, OHTapio), BHn. 29, rpYAeHb 1991, CTOp. 26, i 27 llopori cecrpo R llIypHHe. 4nepeKJlaA TeKcTiB nOBiAOMJleHb B AOP03i AO OAecH 1I 3aAeplKaBcli B THpacnoJli, m06 3aJlarOAHTH TY cnpaBY. Ha 060x 06roBoplOBaHHx TYT JlHCTiBKax TaK lIK 1I O'liKYBaB, 3aJlarOAHJlaCli AYlKe BHrOTOBHB A-P BOJlOAHMHP KJlillI, 3a mo CKOpO. AJle ripo Til" mo TpanHJlOCli AO ROMY HaJlelKHTbCli mHpa nOAliKa. Tenep, 6YAY p03Ka3YBaTH R nOMepJlHM. He 3HalO '1H 3aJlHllIycli TYT npH YPliAi '1H, 5Marinescu, Y Roro BHmeUHTOBa lIK 1I BaM CKa3aB, nillIJlIOTb MeHe AO OAe HiR CTaTTi, CTOp. 26. TaKHR lKe llITeM CH. CKalKITb llMHTPOBi, m06 He lKypHBClI, neJlb ueH3ypH MalOTb Ha c06i KOBepTH, 60 51 Bce 3aJlarOAHB TaK, mo He MOlKHa 6 3aaApecoBaHi AO PYMYHi i, IjJOTOBiA6HTKH Kpame. llYMalO, mo 3a 2 - 3 THlKHi cnpo lIKHX nOAalOTbCli B cTaTTi TpeBepca, a BaAlKY Bac CIOAH. caMe TelK AO BYKapelliTY (CTOp. 13, niA n03Ha'leHHlIM D), i AO nJlOCllITb (CTOp. 17, UiJlYIO Bac niA n03Ha'leHHlIM OJ. TiTi" UkrainUm Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 217 • , .,:: • . '.' : •• r '" .. ~ IJlIOCTpaUi 1I 4 '.... ' " "' ,1· . Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 218 THE 'ODESSA MKV' POSTMARK by Leonard Tann Like the vast majority of main-line and city stations and termini in the first decade of this century, Odessa was issued with an oval postmark for the Odessa City Mainline Station. Fig.1 shows a 1908 example of the oval ·Odessa/Vokz.' serial "b" in the standard format of the period. --. Figure J This "b" postmark is known from 1906 until September 1915. Strangely, the "a" postmark remains unrecorded, but it must have existed. Odessa had more than one station, as shown clearly in the Baedecker travel guide which is circa 1914 (p.393 and map on the folowing page). This shows the main station to be in the south of the city, on Kulikovo Pole, and at the edge of the page it indicates the direction of the railway line: to Galalz, Kishinev and Kiev. The Port Station had no post office, and does not figure in this discussion. The North Odessa Station is shown in an inset map, and is named the Bakhmach Station on that map. Figure 2 (with thanks to Philip Robinson) shows the main Odessa-Moscow line to be: Odessa-Razdelnaya Birzula-S10bodka-Rudnitsa-Vapnyarka-Zhmerinka-(swinging north-east)-Kazatin-Fastov-Kiev and on to Moscow. Once the line reached Kiev, it was on the railway system of the Moscow-Kiev-Voronezh Railway Company. No. 73174 (1995) 219 ...~ ., .... \ ( ) ...... .. \ ... . ...., ... \. Figure 2 In the period 1912-1913 a new line was built - shown on the map in figure 2 as a dotted line - from the new Odessa North station linking Trikatnoe-Pomoshchnaya-(crossing the Birzula-Znamenka line)-Bobrinskaya(on the Tsvetkovo-Dolinskaya line) and linking up with the railway just north of Dnepr-Krasnoe. While the new line was under construction, a shon section of it (Bobrinskaya-Cherkassy) had actually operated a local shuttel service mail van system for some years. In the period under discussion, this shon section used oval postmarks reading 'CHERKASSY-I-BOBRINSKAYA' and 'BOBRINSKAYA-2-CHERKASSY' with no serial letter but a tiny five pointed star at the base. Of course, the numbers I and 2 had nothing to do with the nationwide numbering system in which 1-2 was allocated to the St.Petersburg-Moscow line. Here, the numbers were just serial letters, indicating the 'up' and 'down' directions. An example of the 'I' postmark was shown by Peter Ashford in BJRP 66, p.17. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 220 Figure 3 The route Odessa-Bakhmach, given TPO numbers 309-310, is known to have been operating by 1913. All route numbers of 300 and over are relatively scarce. An example of the BAKHMACH-309-0DESSA mark is shown in figure 3 As far as we are aware, the Cherkassy-Bobrinskaya postmark continued in use into 1914, and possibly even later. It may have been retained for local use, although the route was now part of a much longer new railway line. As an aside, it must be mentioned that the Bobrinskaya-Cherkassy route existed as early as the 1880s, and if postmarks exist from that time, they must be scarce. Taking the evidence of the postmarks, the new route was opened in 1913, and it provided a more direct route from Odessa to Moscow: Starting at the Odessa North (or "Bakhmach") Station, it went via Pomoshchnaya Bobrinskaya-Cherkassy-Piryatin-Bakhmach and on to Moscow. This cut out the detour via Zhmerinka and Kiev . In the 1916 postal list the Odessa mainline station is referred to as the 'Glavnaya' (main station) and the Odessa North Station is called the 'Moskovskaya' station for obvious reasons. The railways around Odessa were part of the South-Western Railways, the new line linking up with the Moscow-Kiev-Voronezh Railway . We may assume that this all held good for the years 1915 to perhaps 1918 or later. At some point there must have been a reorganisation, but that may not have come until 1924 or later Anyway, by 1913 there was an Odessa North Station with a direct link to Moscow. Figure 4 Onto the scene comes the postmark in figure 4: ODESSAIVOKZ.M.K.V .Zh.D. ; Odessa/Station of the Moscow-Kiev-Voronezh Railway (hereafter called the MKV Station for short). This illustration was taken from the Kiryushkin & Robinson book. Again, this is the "b" postmark, recorded used between May 1922 until at least 1924. The immediate guess is that this postmark was introduced at the postal desk in the Odessa North Station - the MKV Station! - to distinguish it from the simple ODESSAIVOKZ. postmark used at the main station. Until now, no example of the MKV "a" postmark had been recorded, and it might have been a good guess to say that this was introduced in the post-Imperial period, pehaps 1917-1918, when some changes were made. We might thus have guessed that a MKV "a" postmark was used around 1917-1919, with the "b" postmark coming into use a little later, perhaps in 1920-1922. We can now prove such a guess to be wrong. Figure 5 shows a very fine postcard addressed to Cherkassy. It bears a registration label reading 'Odessa Vokzal ' and three fine strikes of the Odessa MKV postmark, serial "a", dated 29-3-1916 - 614 years earlier than the earliest recorded strike of the "b" postmark! The Cherkassy arrival mark ties one of the War Charity stamps UkrainUur PlrillltelUt No. 73n4 (1995) 221 Figure 5 --i ! .M3~2 I POCCI51- ~~@i~ff~,,~~·~~B~A~51KAPT04K , ~~~~~ ; ~, ··t?· l.{i~~W~ .. 't_ Zo/i~ u ;f;{0': : ~--- ~4l.l to the card. The franking of 13k (3k postcard rate, 10k registration) is made up - curiously - by a 4k Romanov card and 3 x 3k War Charity stamps. I am grateful to other collectors who have sent me some covers from their collections, showing registration labels of Odessa Station and of the other postmark of the Odessa MKV station: serial "b", namely John Holland, Ed Kossoy, Eric Peel and Derek Palmer. Figure 6 shows a 1922 registered cover from Odessa to Germany (Kossoy collection). Franked on the reverse with 2k and 5R Arms stamps, it bears a Odessa MKV Station postmark, serial "b", and a registration label reading 'Odesskoe/ZheI.Dor.P.O.' Figure 7 shows another 1922 cover from this station, this time with the same registration label as the cover in figure 5, postmark serial "b" Both the lauer two covers also bear the "Three Triangle" postmarks, of Moscow and Odessa respectively. These postmarks are now generally regarded as representing secret inspection by the censors. Let us ask the question now: are we SURE that the Central Mainline Odessa Station used a simple standard ODESSAIVOKZ. oval, and the Odessa North (or MKV) Station the ODESSA/MKV postmark? The next few covers appear to confirm this theory. Figure 8 shows a cover from the collection of our member Derek Palmer in Chile. It is adressed to Vienna, dated 1923. The registration label reads ODESSA GLAVN.lZHEL.DOR. P.O .. The oval postmark at lower left is a Soviet remake of the oval postmark, the inner date bars are shotter than those in the earlier types and the word 'Vokzal' has no final "hard sign" So the Soviets continued to use a simple ODESSAIVOKZ. oval at the mainline station. Figure 9, from the Eric Peel collection, shows the same registration label and another new Soviet oval postmark, a new serial "a" postmark. The original "a" postmark is as yet unrecorded. Sadly, some the stamps were cut out of the centre of the cover. Finally, figure 10 shows another fine cover from the Derek Palmer collection. Again the new "a" postmark, but this time the registration label matches that of the 1916 period, simply reading ODESSA VOKZAL. Figure 11 from Eric Peel throws a spanner in the works! It bears an Odessa/Vokzal oval of Soviet manufacture, serial "gO dated 11-3-1924, but the registration label in the Latin alphabet for foreign mail reads: 'Odessa Gare/Moscou-Kiew-Woronej' If this was registered as the MKV Station, which up to now we associated with the MKV postmark, why does it have the simple oval postmark and not the MKV postmark?! UkrainUm PhiJotelUl 222 Figure 6 Figure 7 No. 73n4 (1995) 223 .$UMJf;:':vu • a/q; '.. jJ ' fte~udt:~cM~C/f1- .:Ji'.H(€.)!1/ Jle! /!--l~/ J3-e1t FigureS Figure 9 ~"" ., '. .~- . .' :: Ukrainian Philatelist 224 It is indeed possible that by March 1924 the MKV "b" postmark had been worn out or lost. The fact that Eric's cover has a new Soviet postmark with serial "gO suggests that new ones were made: perhaps the new Soviet-type "a" and "b" for the Odessa Central Station and a new "gO for the MKV Station, with the allocation of the inevitable "v " postmark as yet unknown. It might well be that SQ)lle reorganisation was in progress, merging previously independent or regional railway companies. In any case, this seems to confirm that the Odessa MKV "b" postmark was not in use after March 1924. There are some notable 'gaps' and perhaps until these are filled we can only suggest a theory that has to be tested. The original Odessa/Vokz. "a" postmark, dating from about 1905, is yet to be recorded. The simple Odessa/Vokz. "b" seems to disappear around late 1915. We ought to assume that it continued in use throughout the revolutionary period until replaced by the Soviet remake, perhaps around 1920-1921. If our assumption is correct that the Odessa MKV "a" postmark was introduced around early 1916, why have we not found more examples of this postmark? If the route Odessa-8akhmach (309/310 ) was in operation by 1913, were the Odessa MKV postmarks in use as early as that as well? What are the earliest and latest dates we can assign to the Odessa MKV "b" postmark? Can we assume that at some time prior to March 1924 the MKV postmarks were discontinued and replaced by ordinary Odessa/Vokz. postmarks in Soviet style? Let me conclude these notes on the subject by making some very tentative observations regarding the registration labels. Certainly in the period up to 1913 perhaps later - the only railway station in Odessa possessing postal facilities was the Odessa Mainline Station, listed in the 1916 list as the Glavnaya Vokzai. So batches of registration labels (both Cyrillic and Latin) were printed simply saying Odessa Vokzai. At whatever date the new Odessa MKV Station opened a postal desk (1916? 1915? 1913?) it simply 'borrowed' a batch of registration labels reading Odessa Vokzai. A new batch of labels were then printed for the mainline station, reading ODESSA GLAVNAYA ZH.D.P.O. and labels like the one on the cover in figure 11 were printed for the Odessa MKV Station. When these two series ran out, both stations used residual supplies of the old Odessa Vokzai labels. It would be nice to see covers with a Cyrillic Odessa Vokzai/M.K.V.Zh.D. label. It should be remembered that in the 1918-1921 period, a civil war raged, Ukraine was independent, the railway sytem was disrupted and the Kherson province, in which Odessa was situated, was occupied by Denkin's forces for some time during 1919. It may well have been the case that Cyrillic postmarks and registration labels - such as those at the Odessa MKV station - were discarded or lost. When Russian/Soviet control was resumed, they used whatever was available - perhaps a surviving batch of the original Odessa Vokzai labels and the MKV "b" postmark. The one thing we can say with certainty is that the ODESSAIMKV postmark is uncommon, the "a" serial even scarce. There ought to be more examples of it in the 1915-1918 period. We hope that members and readers can help to plug these yawning gaps in our knowledge and help us build up a better picture of the postal services offered by the Odessa railway stations in the final decade of the Imperial period and the early Soviet period. Perhaps those of our members with contacts abroad can help us by bringing new material to our notice. Reprinted from the British Journal of Russian Philately No. 77 (1994) pp. 16-23 . Ukrainian Philtuelist No. 73n4 (J99!) 226 A SYNOPTICON OF CARPATHO-UKRAINE POSTAGE STAMPS compiled by Peter Bylen The postal emissions of Calpatho-Ukraine's transitional govenunents have long been the domain of a select group of specialists. Most Ukraine collectors steer clear of CaIpatho-Ukraine postage stamps due to the sheer nwnber of stamps, sub-types, errors, expense, and of course, forgeries. Other Ukraine collectors know little about them because no comprehensive English-language treatment of the issues has been attempted. In philately, transitional govenunents are often absorbed into the general listing of the consequent entity, granted back-of-the-book status, or worse. The Michel and Zumstein catalogs add to the confusion by not properly dilferentiating the First and Second Uzhhorod Issues and omit some issues altogether. Meanwhile, the Scott catalog absorbed their only Calpatho-Ukraine stamp into the Czech-Slovak listing (Scott 254 B). It should come as no surprise, therefore, that Carpatho-Ukraine has not had a prominent place in Ukrainian philately. In recent years, important advances have been made in Calpatho-Ukraine philately. Regrettably much of the discussion took place between specialists writing in Czech or Hungarian. What did filter down to the general Ukraine collector was frequently so fragmentary, cryptic, or patronizing, that it served more to confuse and to alienate than to clarify. The BK nwnbering is taken from Carpatho-Ukralne: A Ca/a/og-CheckiI8/, recently published by Ukrainian Philatelic Resources. MI = Michell; ZM - Zumstein.; SH - Shulewsky'; CA - Carrigan'; BL - Blaha'; SI - Simady' An "E" prefix on a BK nwnber designates an essay - a stamp or stamp design that was prepared but not intended for postal use; • denotes acknowledgement by source without a nwnber assignment. BK DescrIption MI ZM SH CA BL SI NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ISSUE 1 3 k. Yasinia Church. 1 • • • • • KHUSTISSUE 2 2 p. Horthy. A27 1 1 27 27 3 S p. Horthy. A28 2 2 28 28 4 If. AIpad. Al 3 3 1 1 S 2 f. Ladislaus. A2 4 4 2 2 a. Double owrprint 4a 6 3 f. Toldi A3 S S 3 3 7 4 f. Hunyadi. A4 6 6 4 4 8 Sf. Kinizsi. AS 7 7 S S 9 6f. ZrinyL A6 8 8 6 6 a. :Jnwm:d owrprint 8a • 10 8 f. Rakoc2i A7 9 9 7 7 11 10 f. Hadik. A8 10 10 8 8 12 12 f. Gorgci. A9 11 11 9 9 13 18 f. St MMy. AIO 12 12 10 10 No. 73n4 (\99S) 227 BK Descri ption MI ZM SH CA BL SI 14 20 f. St. Stephen's Crown. All 13 13 11 11 a. Inverted overprint 13a 13K • 15 24 f. St. Mary. A12 14 14 12 12 16 30 f. st. Stephen's Crown. A13 15 15 13 13 a. Double overprint 15a b. Inverted overprint 15b 15K • 17 50 f. st. Stephen's Crown. A14 16 16 14 14 18 80 f. St. Stephen's Crown. A15 17 17 15 15 19 1 p. St. Stephen's Crown. A16 18 18 16 16 a. Inverted overprint 18a 19K • E20 4 f. Christmas. 19 19 1 29 21 4 f. Kossu~. A18 21 21 18 18 a. Inverted overprint 21a • 22 20 f. Kossuth. A19 22 22 19 19 23 50 f. Kossuth. A20 23 23 20 20 24 30 f. St. Margaret. A17 20 20 17 17 a. Inverted overprint 20a 20K • 25 20 f. St. Elizabeth. A21 24 24 21 21 a. Inverted overprint 24a • 26 24 f. st. Margaret. A22 25 25 22 22 27 30 f. Szilagyi. A23 26 26 23 23 28 50 f. Kaniz3ai. A24 27 27 24 24 29 70 f. Lorantfy. A25 28 28 25 25 30 80 f. Zrinyi. A26 29 29 26 26 31 2 f. Postage Due. Bl 30 30 1 30 32 3 f. Postage Due. B2 31 31 2 31 33 4 f. Postage Due. B3 32 32 3 32 34 8 f. Postage Due. B4 33 33 4 33 35 10 f. Postage Due. B5 34 34 5 34 36 12 f. Postage Due. B6 35 35 6 35 37 16 f. Postage Due. B7 36 36 7 36 38 18 f. Postage Due. B8 37 37 8 37 39 20 f. Postage Due. B9 38 38 9 38 E40 30 f. Postage Due. 39 D 39 41 40 f. Postage Due. BI0 40 39 10 40 FIRST UZHHOROD ISSUE 42 4.00/2 p. Horthy. 1 lOA 111 15 a. Inverted overprint la IOAa - • 43 10.00/5 p. Horthy. 2 llA 121 16 44 40/2 f. Ladislaus. 3 20A 331 1 a. Inverted overprint 3a 45 40/8 f. Rakoczi. 4 22A 351 2 a. Inverted overprint 4a Ukrainian PhiJoteUst No. 731'74 (1995) 228 BK Description MI ZM SR CA BL SI 46 40/10 f. Radik. 5 23A 361 3 a. Inverted overprint 5a 23Aa - '" 47 2.00/1 p. St. Stephen's Crown. 8 35A 55I 5 a. Inverted overprint 8a 35Aa - '" 48 40/18 f. St. Mary. 6 25A 381 4 a. Inverted overprint 6a 25Aa - '" 49 2.00/80 f. Church. 7 8A 91 24 50 40/4 f. Kossuth. 9 59A 59I 17 a. Inverted overprint 9a 59Aa - '" 51 1.00/50 f. Kossuth. 10 62A 621 18 a. Inverted overprint lOa '" 52 60/30 f. St. Margaret. 11 54A 51 6 a. Inverted overprint 11a 54Aa - 53 60/20 f. St. Elizabeth. 12 65A 651 7 54 60/24 f. St. Margaret. 13 66A 66al 8 a. Inverted overprint ... 55 60/30 f. Szilagyi. 15 68A 671 10 a. Inverted overprint ... 56 1.40/70 f. Lorantfy. 17 70A 691 11 a. Inverted overprint '" 57 2.00/80 f. Zrinyi. 18 73A 721 13 a. Inverted overprint ... 58 60/24 f. st. Margaret. 14 67A 661 9 59 1.00/50 f. Kanizsai. 16 69A 681 10 a. Inverted overprint .. 60 10/2 f. Postage Due. 19 74A 11 19 61 20/8 f. Postage Due. 20 76A 31 20 a. Inverted overprint 20a 76Aa - '" 62 20/10 f. Postage Due. 21 77A 41 21 63 30/12 f. Postage Due. 22 78A 51 22 a. Inverted overprint 22a 78Aa - ... 64 40/20 f. Postage Due. 23 79A 61 23 65 1.00/40 f. Postage Due. 24 83A 101 24 66 40/10 f. S:wnololap illetek. 1 1 25 84 lal 25 67 40/10 f. S:wnololap illetek. 26 84a 68 40120 f. S:wnololap illetek. 2 2 27 85 2al 26 69 60/50 f. S:wnololap illetek. 3 3 28 86 3al 27 lRJNGARIAN REVENUE STAMPS Doc:umentary Issue of 1934 E70 10/2 f. Okmanybelyegek. 29 la E71 10/4 f. Obnanybelyegek. 30 lb E72 40/4 f. Okmanybelyegek. 31 lea E73 40/4 f. Obnanybelyegek. 32 Icb lIIrNiItUut PIriIIIUIUt No. 73n4 (1995) 229 BK DescrIption MI ZM SH CA BL SI E74 4015 f. Okmanybelyegek. 33 Id E75 40110 f. Okmanybelycgek. 34 Ie E76 40120 f. Okmanybelyegek. 35 If E77 60/30 f. Okmanybelycgek. 36 Ig E78 60/40 f. Okmanybelyegek. 37 Ih E79 1.00140 f. Okmanybelyegek. 38 Ii E80 1.00150 f. Okmanybelyegek. 39 Ij E81 2.00150 f. Okmanybelyegek. 40 Ik E82 2.0011 p. Okmanybelyegek. 41 n E83 2.00110 p. Okmanybelycgek. 42 hn E84 2.00/20 p. Okmanybelycgek. 43 In E85 2.00150 p. Okmanybelycgek. 44 10 E86 4.0012 p. Okmanybelycgek. 45 Ip E87 10.0015 p. Okmanybelycgek. 48 Is Documentary Issue of 1943 E88 4.00/3 p. Okmanybelyegek. 46 Iq E89 6.0013 p. Okmanybelycgek. 47 Ir Bill of Excbange Issue of 1934 E90 1013 f. Valto metek. 49 Da E91 40/15 f. Valto illetek. 50 fib E92 60/30 f. Valto illetek. 51 lle E93 1.00/4Sf. Valto metek. 52 lld E94 1.40/60 f. Valto illetek. 53 llea E95 1.40/60 f. Valto illetek. 54 lleb E96 6.0013 p. Valto metek. 55 llf E97 15.0017.50 p. Valto metek. 56 IIg Judlclal Revenue Issue of 1934 E98 20/10 f. TOJVCIlYkezesi metek. 57 rna E99 40/10 f. Torvenykezesi illetek. 58 nIb El00 40/20 f. Torvenykezcsi metek. 59 me EI0l 60/30 f. Torvenykezcsi illetek. 60 md EI02 1.00150 f. TOJVCIlYkezcsi metek. 61 me EI03 2.00150 f. Torvenykezcsi metek. 62 llIf EI04 2.00/1 p. TOIVCnykezcsi illetek. 63 IIIg EI05 4.0012 p. TOJVCIlYkezcsi illetek. 64 nIh EI06 6.0015 p. Torvenykezesi IIletek. 65 llIi EI07 10.0015 p. Torvenykezesi IIletek. 66 mj No. 73n4 (1995) 230 BK Description MI ZM SH CA BL SI Documentary Issue of 1935 E108 1015 f. Two-Part Receipt. 67 IVa EI09 20/10 f. Two-Part Receipt. 68 IVb E110 40/20 f. Two-Part Receipt. 69 IVc El11 1.00/50 f. Two-Part Receipt. 70 IVd E112 2.00/1 p. Two-Part Receipt. 71 IVe EI13 2.00/1 p. Two-Part Receipt. 72 E114 5.0012 p. Two-Part Receipt. 73 IVf E115 6.00/3 p. Two-Part Receipt. 74 IVII: E116 10.00/4 p. Two-Part Receipt. 75 IVh E117 10.00/5 p. Two-Part Receipt. 76 IVi E118 15.00/6 p. Two-Part Receipt. 77 IVj E119 20.00/10 p. Two-Part Receipt. 78 IVk E120 40.00120 p. Two-Part Receipt. 79 IVI E121 60.00130 p. Two-Part Receipt. 80 IVm - Official Issue of 1934 E122 4.00/2 p. Szamololap D1etek. 81 Va E123 10.00/5 p. Szamololap D1etek. 82 Vb SECOND UZHOROD ISSUE 124 60/1 f. Arpad. 185 27D 1 119 a. Inverted overprint 197 27Da • 125 60/2 f. Ladislaus. 186 28D 2 120 a. Inverted overprint 198 28Da • • 126 60/4 f. HlUlYadi. 187 30D 3 121 a. Inverted overprint 199 30Da .. 127 60/8 f. Rakoczi. 188 33D 4 122 a. Inverted overprint 200 33Da .. 128 60/10 f. Hadik. 189 34D 5 123 a. Inverted overprint 201 34Da .. 129 60/12 f. Gorgei. 190 3SD 6 124 a. Inverted overprint 202 3SDa .. 130 60/20 f. St. Stephen's Crown. 192 37D 8 126 a. Inverted overprint 204 37Da .. 131 60/30 f. St. Stephen's Crown. 193 39D 9 127 a. Inverted overprint 205 39Da .. 132 60/18 f. St. Mary. 191 36D 7 125 a. Inverted overprint 203 .. .. 133 60/4 f. Kossuth. 1% 60aD 12 130 134 60/30 f. Szilagyi. 194 68D 10 128 a. Inverted overprint 206 .. Ukrainian Phillltelisl No. 73n 4 (1995) 231 BK Description MI ZM SH CA BL SI 135 2.00170 f. Lorantfy. 195 720 11 129 a. Inverted overprint 207 ... 136 60/16 f. St. Stephen's Crown. 3 2 83 2 2 70 137 2.00/1 p. Horthy. 11 10 84 9C 10 77a 138 4.00/2 p. Horthy. 12 11 85 IOC 11 78 139 10.00/5 p. Horthy. J3 12 86 llC 12 79 140 40/10 f. Szechenyi. 14 13 87 12 13 80 141 60/16 f. Szechenyi. 15 14 88 13 14 81 142 1.00120 f. Bridge. 16 15 89 14 15 82 143 1.40132 f. Chain Bridge. 17 16 90 15 16 83 144 2.00/40 f. Transport. 18 17 90 16 17 84 145 10/2 f. Postage Due. 162 74C l06a 146 20/8 f. Postage Due. 163 76C 108a 147 20/10 f. Postage Due. 164 77C 109a 148 30/12 f. Postage Due. 165 78C 110a 149 40120 f. Postage Due. 166 79C lIla 150 60/4 f. Postage Due. 167 80C 112a 151 60/6 f. Postage Due. 168 81C 113a 152 60/16 f. Postage Due. 169 82C 114a 153 1.00/40 f. Postage Due. 170 83C lISa 154 2.00/1 p. Horthy. 94 9B 77b 155 60/3 f. st. Stephen's Crown. 2 1 92 1 1 69 156 60/24 f. St. Stephen's Crown. 4 3 93 3 3 71 157 10/1 f. Arpad. 31 30 94 17 30 28 a. Inverted overprint 95a 17a • • 158 1012 f. Ladislaus. 32 31 96 18 31 29 a. Inverted overprint 96a 18a ...... 159 10/3 f. Toldi. 34 33 97 19b 32a 31 a. Inverted overprint ...... 160 40/2 f. Ladislaus. 35 34 99 20C 33 32 a. Inverted overprint 99a 20Ca - ... 161 40/5 f. Kinizsi. 36 35 100 21 34 33 a. Inverted overprint l00a 21a • 162 40/8 f. Rakoczi. 37 36 101 22C 35 34 a. Inverted overprint lOla 22Ca - ... 163 40/10 f. Hadik. 38 37 102 23C 36 35 a. Inverted overprint 102a - 164 40112 f. Gorgei. 39 103 24 37 36 a. Inverted overprint 103a 24a ... 165 40/20 f. St. Stephen's Crown. 41 40 105 26 39 38 a. Inverted overprint 105a 26a ...... 166 60/1 f. Arpad. 42 41 106 27C 40 39 a. Inverted overprint 106a 27Ca • • 167 60/2 f. Ladislaus. 43 42 107 28C 41 40 a. Inverted overprint 107a 28Ca ... UlrrrUnUuJ PhiIatdis/ No. 73n4 (1995) 232 BK Description MI ZM SH CA BL SI 168 60/3 f. Toldi. 44 43 108 29 42a 41 a. Inverted overprint 108a 29a ...... 169 60/4 f. Hunyadi. 45 44 110 30C 43 43 a. Double overprint l10w 30Cb - b. Inverted overprint 110a 30Ca ...... 170 60/5 f. KinizBi. 46 45 111 31 44 44 a. Inverted overprint 111a 31a ...... 171 60/6 f. Zrinyl. 47 46 112 32 45 45 a. Inverted overprint. 112a 32a ...... 172 60/8 f. Rakoczi. 48 47 113 33C 46 46 a. Inverted overprint 113a 33Ca ...... 173 60/10 f. Hadik. 49 48 114 34C 47 47 a. Inverted overprint 114a 34Ca ...... 174 60/12 f. Gorgei. 50 49 115 35C 48 48 a. Inverted overprint lISa 35Ca ... 175 60/18 f. St. Mary. 52 51 117 36Cb 49a 50 a. Inverted overprint 116a - ... 176 60/20 f. St. Stephen's Crown. 53 52 118 37C 50 51 a. Inverted overprint 118a 37Ca ...... 177 60/24 f. St. Mary. 54 53 118 38 51 52 a. Inverted overprint 118a 38a • ... 178 60/30 f. St. Stephen's Crown. 55 54 134 39C 52 53 a. Inverted overprint 134a 39Ca ... 179 2.00/50 f. St. Stephen's Crown. 57 55 136 40b 53a 55 180 2.00/80 f. St. Stephen's Crown. 58 57 137 41 54 56 a. Inverted overprint ... 181 2.00/1 p. St. Stephen's Crown. 59 58 138 42C 55 57 a. Inverted overprint 138a 42Ca - ... 182 10/3 f. Toldi. 33 32 97 19 32 30 a. Inverted overprint 97a 19a • 183 40/18 f. st. Mary. 40 104 25C 38 37 a. Inverted overprint 104a - ... 184 60/3 f. Toldi. 109 29b 42 42 a. Inverted overprint ... 185 60/18 f. St. Mary. 51 50 116 36C 49 49 a. Inverted overprint 116a 36Ca ...... 186 2.00/50 f. St. Stephen's Crown. 56 55 135 40 53 54 a. Inverted overprint 135a 40a ... 187 60/30 f. Cathedral. 6 4 120 4 4 72 188 60/40 f. Church. 7 6 121 S 6 73 189 2.00/50 f. Basilica. 8 7 122 6 7 74 190 2.00/70 f. Church. 9 8 123 7 8 75 191 2.00/80 f. Church. 10 9 124 8B 9 76 192 20/1 + 1 f. Archer. 19 18 125 43 18 85 193 40/20 + 2 f. Musketeer. 20 19 126 44 19 86 194 60/4 + 1 f. Soldier. 21 20 127 45 20 87 Ukrainian PltiltJulUt No. 73n 4 (1995) 233 BK Description MI ZM SH CA BL SI 195 60/8 + 2 f. Swordsman. 22 21 128 21 88 196 60112 + 2 f. Knight. 23 22 129 47 22 89 197 60/20 + 2 f. Musketeer. 131 44a 90 198 60/40 + 4 f. Hussar. 24 23 130 48 23 91 199 1.00/50 + 6 f. Artilleryman. 25 24 132 49 24 92 200 1.40170 + 8 f. AIms. 26 25 133 50 25 93 201 60/4 f. Christmas. 60 59 139 51 56 94 202 60/20 f. Christmas. 61 60 140 52 57 95 203 60/30 f. Christmas. 62 61 141 53 58 % 204 1.00120 + 20 f. Red Cross. 27 26 142 55 26 97 205 1.40/30 + 30 f. Red Cross. 28 27 143 56 27 98 206 2.00/50 + SO f. Red Cross. 29 28 144 57 28 99 207 4.00170 + 70 f. Red Cross. 30 29 145 58 29 100 208 40/4 f. Kossuth. 63 62 146 59C 59 101 E209 40/30 f. Kossuth. 147 60C 61 102 210 60/20 f. Kossuth. 64 63 148 61 60 103 211 1.00/50 f. Kossuth. 66 65 149 62C 62 104 212 2.00/50 f. Kossuth. 67 66 150 63 63 105 213 60130 f. St. Margaret. 5 5 151 54 5 58 a. Inverted overprint 151a 54a 214 40/20 f. St. Elizabeth. 68 67 152 64 64 59 a. Inverted overprint 152a 64a ...... 215 60/20 f. St. Elizabeth. 69 68 153 65 65 60 a. Inverted overprint ... 216 60/24 f. St. Margaret. 70 69 154 66 66a 61 a. Inverted overprint 154a 66a 217 60/30 f. Szilagyi. 72 71 156 68 67 63 a. Inverted overprint 156a 68a 218 1.40170 f. LorantfY. 74 74 158 70 69 65 a. Inverted overprint 158a - 219 2.00170 f. LorantfY. 76 76 160 72 71 67 220 2.00/80 f. Zrinyl. 77 78 161 73 72 68 a. Inverted overprint 161a - 221 60/24 f. St. Margaret. 71 70 155 67 66 62 222 1.00/50 f. Kanizsai. 73 72 157 69 68 64 a. Inverted overprint 157a 69a 223 2.00/50 f. Kanizsai. 75 75 159 71 70 66 a. Inverted overprint ... 224 10/2 f. Postage Due. 1 1 171 74 1 106b 225 10/3 f. Postage Due. 2 2 181 75 2 107 226 20/8 f. Postage Due. 3 3 172 76 3 108b 227 20/10 f. Postage Due. 4 4 173 77 4 l09b 228 30/12 f. Postage Due. 5 5 174 78 5 110b 229 40/20 f. Postage Due. 6 6 175 79 6 111b 230 60/2 f. Postage Due. 8 176 74a 231 60/4 f. Postage Due. 8 177 80 7 112b Ukrainion PIIiloJewl No. 73174 (\ 995) 234 BK Descri ption MI ZM SH CA BL SI 232 60/6 f. Postage Due. 178 81 8 113b 233 60/16 f. Postage Due. 179 82 9 114b 234 1.00/40 ( Postage Due. 9 9 180 83 10 115b 235 40/10 f. Szamololap IDetek. 182 87 116 236 40120 ( Szamololap IDetek. 183 88 117 237 60/50 f. Szamololap IDetek. 184 89 118 FIRST STANDARD ISSUE 238 60 f. Soldier, Type I. 78 77 211a 90 131a a. Type IT. 211b * b. Imperforate 2111a 90a 131b ba. Imperforate, Type IT. 2111b * 239 100 f. Chain, blue. 79A 78 212 91 132a a. Imperforate 79B 78A 2121 9la 132b b. Ultramarine 78a 212a 91b ba. Ultramarine, Imperforate 2121a 91c 240 200 f. Fist and chain. 80 79 213 92 133 a. Imperforate 2131 92a SECOND STANDARD ISSUE 241 10 f. Soviet Arms within a star. 81 80 214 931 134a a. Imperforate 2141 93IT 134b 242 20 t: Soviet Arms within a star. 82 81 215 941 135a a. Imperforate 2151 94IT 135b 243 40 f. Soviet Arms within a star. 83 82 216 951 136a a. Imperforate 2161 95IT 136b 244 60 ( Soviet Arms within a star. 84 83 217 961 137a a. Imperforate 2171 9611 137b 245 100 f. Soviet Arms within a star. 85 84 218 971 138a a. Imperforate 2181 9711 138b 246 200 f. Soviet Arms within a star. 86 85 219 981 139a a. Imperforate 2191 98IT 139b THIRD STANDARD ISSUE 247 10 f. Soviet Arms within a star. 87 86 220 991 140a a. Imperforate 2201 99IT 140b 248 20 f Soviet Arms within a star. 88 87 221 1001 141a a. Imperforate 2211 10011 - 141b Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (1995) 235 N .... 1MlclNl E",,,JH' K 1IIiIID,. o.t. (Band 2), 1985186. 2ZIUIIItdn E",,,pa KIIIiIID,. o.t. (Band 4), 1984, listing for the Khust Issue appears after the Czech-Slovak listing. 3Michael Shulewsky CIII'JHIIIw-UkrIliM: U'/JJJu1r"d Pr"IIim>1UIl 0vDprlnt8 "n HIUJ,arlan P"nll{/~ Stantp:t: D_a1ptum, LInInK, and Priu GuUU. (Kensington, Cf: TI}'ZUb Stamp Company, 1996 revised edition) and misce\laneous correspondence dated 1994 and 1995. 4Jay Cmigan CIII'JHIIIw-UkrIliM: TM 1945 PUP"':t C"JUJdlI:t:tlU:t: HaMbooIc and CIIIiIID,. (Fairfax, VA: JayCorp, 1992), unpublished Carpatho-Ukraine checldist (Khust Issues), and miscellaneous conespondence dated 1994 and 1995. ~08Iav BIahaZIIkarpat:tko: p"_,,vn~ hUtorldcy vyvo}vuulfky, raVtkD, cdbry, p"ny, pon""ny. Fi1atelisticke Prirucky No. 20. (Praha [Prague]: Svas Ceskych Fi1atelista, 1989); Khust Issue, pages 98-99; First and Second Uzhhorod Issue, pages 110-113 [Czech]. 6seia Simady KfII7HIII1IJa P,,6tiIIlIrtetUle. (Budapest: Magyar Be\yeggyujtok Orszagos Szovetsege, 1991); Khust Issue, pages 118-119; First Uzhhorod Issue, page 129; Second Uzhhorod Issue, pages 133-136; First Standard Issue, page 143; Second Standard Issue, page 147; and Third Standard Issue, page ISO [Htmgarlan] . A different nwnbering system is used in Simady's "Overprinted Issues of Carpatho-Ukraine, 1945" Th~ Ammcan PhIIate/l.rt(December 1989),pages 1156-1164. UKRAINIAN PHILATELIC RESOURCES PUBLICATIONS Western Ukraine: A Catalog-CheckJlst (UPR No. 1, $5.00) by Peter Byten Soviet Uk,."lne: A Cata/og-Checkllst (UPR No.2, $5.00) by Peter Bylen Carpatho-Ukra/ne: A Cata/og-Checkllst (UPR No.3, $5.00) by Peter Bylen All orders are postpaid for all North American orders (other destinations please add an additional $1 .00 per publication). Payment drawn in U.S. funds payable to "Peter BylenlUkrainian Philatelic Resources" Other UPR publications in preparation include a catalog-checklist on Belarus, Ukraine (1991 -1995), trident issues of 1918-1920, matters related to postal history (postmarks, censor marks, postal rates, etc.), and postal stationery. Ukrainian Philatelic Resources P.O. Box 7193 Westchester, IL 60164-7193, U.S.A. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n 4 (1995) 236 Numismatics F27 - NEW DATA by Peter Bylen The story behind Ukraine's five stamp-like on thin 0.11 mm cream-buff card very roughly money tokens (currency stamps or nOlgeld) is well perforated II Yo-12 . The reverse trident is known.! Simply stated, these tokens on card stock helped characterized by the wrong shape to the wing alleviate a shortage of small change coins.2 In July of notches the lettering is badly malformed, in 1918, three months after their first appearance, the particular the "k" On my copy there are some designs of these tokens were used to prepare stamps of distinct breaks' in the frame line which may be the Shabiv Issue. Some money tokens saw postal usage consistent. 6 (by favor) and thus garnered philatelic status in some Figure I illustrates Ceresa's F27 .' The inscription side is catalogs.) Other publications are more conservative and a type B single-line frame with subtype I inscription font. list them for the record before. standard Ukraine li sting.' Figure 2 shows a genuine SO-shabiv type B I for com Raymond Ceres.'s treatment of Shabiv Issue panson. counterfeits is the most comprehensive to date. He A few years ago, I carne into possession ofF27 details thirty-six different forgeries of the SO-shabiv in sheetlet fonn ~ it is laid out in a fannat 6f five by fow money token alone.' He describes. single in his collec (Figure 4). The genuine issue was printed in sheets of tion identified as F27(SOsh.curr.), hereafter referred 400 and cut into panes of 100. F27 is line perforated to as F27. II Yo (as is the genuine). Ceresa's observations on color The extremely small posthoms and small shield and paper can now be collaborated since my exam identifY this forgery which is printed in pale carmine ple is obviously in "mint" condition. The breaks in the 4 _ _ . _ f x 0 A HT b 'J. o A"y ... HaplBHI III p•• '" 3 AlBiHKOIO • Ani. It .04 MOHeTOIO. HO."10!.l. ~L-_ ' __ Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Forgery F27 from Ceres •. Genuine 50 shahiv stamp. Posilion 11 from sheellel. UkrainitJn Philatelist No. 7Jn4 (1995) 237 lines are notconsistant. Each frame measures 19.5mm x tion 20 (row 4, stamp 5 of the obverse side). 25mm (as in the genuine). When the subjects were Ceresa reasoned that the counterfeited money transferred to the cliche, somehow the trident is position tokens primarily defrauded the Ukrainian treasury (rather 16 (row 4, stamp I of the reverse side) became mal than post office) which explains why this activity was formed (Figure 5). Otherwise, the remaining tridents are restricted to the 40 and 50 shahiv values' Judging from identical. A comparision of the inscriptions (in particular the pristine condition of my sheetlet, I'd like to suggest the spacing of the letters) indicates that despite the the possibility that F27 was a philatelic rather than breaks, each set of words was transferred from an identi nwnismatic forgery. Further comments would be appre cal master. Ceresa's example is position II (row 3, stamp ciated. I of the reverse side), compare Figure I and Figure 3. The front of the sheetlet (Figure 4) confmns Not•• Ceresa's observations concerning the size and unifonnity 'Paul B. Spiwak "Ukrainian Currency Stamps of 1918' of the posthorns and shield. The illustration shows Ukrainian Philatelist Volume 27, WIN 43 (1980), pages positional varities of the lettering which go beyond a 7-14; Ian L. G. Bailie Ukrain.: Shagiv [ss".s (Bristol,. malformed "k" Note especially the lower right in posi- England: n.p., 1963), pages 21-25; Raymond 1. Ceresa • • • • '.• • • • • .•...••...... •, ... • ... ••• '''.To", •••• •••• , ...... "...... :...... Figure 4. Obverse side oj sheetlet. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73r74 (1995) 238 ThePootogeStmttp. ofRu•• ia, 1917-1923. Volume H. 'Inscription on reverse reads ''Khodyt narivni z dzvinkoyu Ukraine. Parts 24126. The Shahiv, Hryven and Vienna monetoyu" ("Has circulation on par with coins"). Issues. (Cambridge, England: np., 1988), pages 423-432 plus plates ocm through OCXL VIII; and John Sem ' Scott 67-71, Minkus 44-48, and Stanley Gibbons 06- eniuk "The Ukrainian Currency Stamps of 1918" The GIO. Bank Note Reporter (December 1974), pages I and 7. Semeniuk mentions one forgery with an inscription that 'Miche~ Zumstein, and the UPNS Handbook Catalog reads; "How are ours worse than yours?" For additional assign them Roman numerals I-V background on money tokens see: Paul B. Spiwak ''Russian and Ukrainian Currency Stamps" Yamshchik: ' Ceresa, page 424-430 plus plates OCXXIH through The Post Rider No 3 (September 1978) pages 14-18; OCXL. Leonard L. Tann " Imperial Russia's Currency-Tokens 'Ceresa, page 429. 1915-1917" Scott Stamp Month~ (November 1992), pages 16-18; Ian L. G. BajJle and Raymond J. Ceresa ' Ceresa, plate OCXXXVI. "Ukraine: The Shagiv Currency Stamps" British Journal of Russian PhiJJlte~ No.40 (1967), pages 19-22. ' Ceresa, page 424. : : : : : : ~ ... ~ •...•...... : ...... • : ...... ) ...... •...... : ... . lr ;:·• • :• ~ ~ ~ :• ~ ~ • X 0ANT. x G AitT. X OAlotT~ )( OAMT" • ..• : XOAMTb "'~i'Hi HlpilHi H1pi,"i : "IP.iIMi "'piIHi ·• • , A'IIHKOIG ••,liHKOIO • • • A,.hu(o~ • D ."1"""011'). ••"i""o" • • 1';0,.111,)10, • HO""OIO. • MOH'TOIO. "OMITOIO. • ...... • -----... '"'0""010. .• ... : ...... •.••...... ~ ....•.....•..•...... : .•...... : .... ~ ~ - ~ ;.--.~----, ~ ;~ , : '(CANTb lC.o",MTh XOAMTh • X04"'T" • "',!!IiIHi . , ,XOANTb • r .. ip'ltoIl "apilHI ' ,. Nlpi.Hi • :1 ".ltiHK)oC';' "IP""' • ',ON"".:'.,. • .saUU:'CIO 1.,.iHKOIO I A,.iHKOIO , a:.,ilu(tlf.l : 11M. HUG, . ~~~'pl0tCt, • ~ ~O"OalO. . HUHt"TO:J. ~, . •••• (· ...... - . . r;-.-;-...... r-~-i l ~ - -,.' .'-~ ' .,~ . ~ : : Y.OAMyJ" : XOAMTb XOAMTb )tOAM''' ' X GANT" : "I~illlli : "IPi.lli ""piIHi. "'pIChi H.piIHi. : • A'.' K..o , . • .,.i/u,,;... ~ · .,.iHK'IO:. Anil'ff\::O • A'IIiHflOIO • HO.I.'0:". : t.tGltltNO. H,;,.IIoJQ.. MO"OT(,~. "", ...·1010. : L-' _ . " . :L _____-' - _ . . . . . \ . .... : ...... ~ ...... ( .... . • ;~ : . , • • " . c; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~!&l ~!1 : X OA"TIt : X :-A"TIt ) '3."TIt : X OAMTIt • X OANT.' : : •::::::'IJ : •::~i::pJ , :;!'::!IO : s ::~jj::!10 :. ::~ii:::~ ~ : UoIiot'Tng. : ",,."010. I'!OI4ITOtD.- , : ~O"~lCta. : ",OMITCIC!. : " : . __ ~ : ' :L--__ . •••.: •• ~ •••••••••••~ ••••••••••••• ! ••••••••••••: •••••••••••••• ~ ••••• f •••• ~ •• J •• •• • • Figure 5. Reverse side of sheetlet. Ukrainian Philatelist No. 73n4 (\995) 239 ANNOUNCING A NEW DIRECTION IN UKRAINE PHILATELY THE UPR PROJECT The Ukrainian Philatelic Resources Project is !I joint effort of Ukraine collectors and specialists assembling rdevant data toward the publication of what is expected to be a compendium of every aspect of Ukraine philately. Phase [ of the project is a comprehensive listing of stamps issued by respective Ukrainian governments and occupations. Phase II will focus on matters relating to postal history such as rates, routes, cancellations, censor marks, and other atLxiliary marks. Phase III will investigate forgeries, speculative issues, and fantasies. Phase IV will treat postal stationery. The project is a learn e!lort; it is funded by the sales oflJPR publications. Consider purchasing one as a donation to a Ukrainian or philatelic library, museum, or other similar institution. Please understand thaI alllJPR catalogs are published with economy and the expectation that the discovery of additional data will necessitate revised editions. Eventually all data is to be assembled into a single philatelic encyclopedia. Much will depend upon the acceptance and partidpation in the lJPR Project. WESTERN UKRAINE Sales of Western Ukraine: A CalaJog-CheckUst have been steady and a sell·out is inevitable. If demand continues, the catalog may be republished with corrections, additional varieties, historical summaries, bibliography, and a format change that will make the overall appearance in keeping with the subsequent publications. Please continue to forward your observations and discoveries. $5.00 postpaid in North America ($6.00 elsewhere). SOVIET UKRAINE lJPR's second publication Soviet Ukraine: A CalaJog-Checklist is now available; it details the national and local stamp issues of the Ukrainian Socialist aepublic as well as occupational issues. The Type II Kharkiv Issues are subject to considerable expansion, so please forward your observations. $5.00 postpaid in North America ($6.00 elsewhere). CARPATHO-UKRAINE Completion of the UPR's third publication was not expected until mid·1996 but Carpalho-Ukraine: A CalaJog-CheckUst was unexpectedly completed for an earlier release. Since this volunle was not previously announced, we have few standing orders. To obtain a copy please send your order today. This compilation is the most comprehensive treatment of this little understood and highly specialized area of Ukraine philately. $5.00 postpaid in North America ($6. 00 elsewhere). BELARUS The lJPR Project has undertaken to publish a comprehensive catalog of postage stamps issued for use on Belarusian territory. Why Belarus? Portions of Belarus were administered by the Kyiv postal district and a number of local trident issues were placed in use there. In addition, a stamp catalog of Belarus has never been attempted. $5.00 postpaid in North America ($6.00 elsewhere). UKRAINE The lJPR Project is set to publish a comprehensive catalog detailing all the officially recognized stamp issues since Ukraine's independence. $5.00 postpaid in North America ($6.00 elsewhere). Ukrainian Philatelic Resource. P.O. BOll 7193 Westchester, IL 60154-7193, U.S.A. No. 73n4 (1995) 240 Publication Reviews UKRAINIAN PHILATELIC RESOURCES, VOLUMES 1-3 by John-Paul Himka Bylen, Peter Western Ukraine: A Catalog book on the subject. I also studied various Checklist. Ukrainian Philatelic Resources, 1. drafts of articles on Western Ukraine that Westchester, IL: Ukrainian Philatelic Re Peter Bylen was kind enough to send me. I sources, 1995. 26 pp. was just going to be so prepared for the moment. Then one day the moment came. Bylen, Peter Soviet Ukraine: A Catalog Hands trembling, breath held, I opened the Checklist of National and Local Postage packet. Greeting me were the faces of Symon Stamp Issues 1919-1923, Including Occupa Petliura and Taras Shevchenko: the packet tional Issues of 1918-1920 and 1941-1944. was full of the UNR Vienna series of 1920! I Ukrainian Philatelic Resources, 2. West e-mailed back to the dealer and informed him chester, IL: Ukrainian Philatelic Resources, that this was just regular Ukraine, not Western 1995. 34 pp. Ukraine. His reply: it's what we call Western Ukraine. Arrghhh! Bylen, Peter Carpatho-Ukraine: A Catalog Checklist. Ukrainian Philatelic Resources, 3. Obviously, there's work to be done in Westchester, IL: Ukrainian Philatelic Re the promotion of knowledge concerning sources, 1995 . 26 pp. Ukrainian philately. The inauguration of the series of handbooks under review is therefore First, please indulge me while I relate a very welcome step. The handbooks are a story that testifies to the general state of authoritative, clear, and inexpensive ($5.00 knowledge "out there" about Ukrainian philat apiece in North America, $6.00 elsewhere ely. In the summer of 1995 I came across an from Ukrainian Philatelic Resources, PO Box announcement on the internet from a stamp 7193, Westchester IL 60154-7193). In addi dealer in the Washington area: he was sending tion to the three works reviewed here, a num out nickel-a-stamp approvals from various odd ber of other volumes are planned which will countries; among these places was "Ukraine, cover the whole spectrum of Ukrainian philat mainly Western Ukraine." I was quite amazed ely, including the national and regional issues and asked him for a better description by e of the Ukrainian National Republic and the mail. He said: well, no trident overprints, official and semi-official issues of Ukraine in mainly just Western Ukraine. Send them, I the 1990's. said. For a few weeks, I speculated: what kind of Western Ukraine stamps could possibly be In the first installment of this catalog sold for a nickel apiece? Is it that the gentle series, Bylen's intention is to provide an or man is keenly aware of the problem of forger derly, comprehensive list of all Western ies and just wants to get rid of things he can't Ukrainian stamps and their major varieties for sort out and, in good conscience, sell? Is it the intermediate to advanced specialists. This he unissued First Western Ukraine Vienna Issue succeeds in doing completely. To some extent of 1919 (selling at the UPNS auctions for the catalog-checklist is an expansion of the under $5 a set)? Damaged material? What? section on Western Ukraine that Bylen con So the excitement built up as I waited for the tributed to the indispensable Introductory excruciatingly slow arrival of the nickel Handbook of Ukrainian Philately edited by packet. I studied the catalog of Western Ingert Kuzych. The same, very logical "Bylen Ukraine cited above and I reread John Bulat's Kuzych" (BK) numbering system is retained UkrainUm Philote1is, No. 73174 (1995) 241 for the basic stamps--each stamp is assigned a The third installment, on Carpatho number from I to 132 (no skipping as in Ukraine, can serve as the most graphic illustra Scott's West Ukraine section). In the new tion of how the series is advancing Ukrainian catalog-checklist, Bylen has added letters of philatelic knowledge. As is well known to the alphabet to distinguish varieties. To take collectors of Ukrainian stamps, the Scott an example: Scott's Western Ukraine no . 75 Catalogue just lists one stamp for Carpatho (2 hryvni overprint on Austrian 2 crown mili Ukraine, the National Assembly Issue of 15 tary post stamp) is BK95. If it is missing the March 1939, and even that one is listed under letter "U" in the overprint (position 15) it is the heading "Czechoslovakia" (no. 254B). BK95a. What Bylen has done, in effect, is to The Michel Europa-Katalog Ost is much, create a more sophisticated language for much better. It lists not only the 1939 stamp, describing Western Ukrainian stamps, one but overprints on Hungarian stamps of 1944- which collectors and dealers will find exceed 45 (nos. 2-77), the National Council Issues of ingly convenient. The Bylen catalog-checklist 1945 (nos. 78-88), and official and postage does not cross-list other catalog numbers, but due stamps (3 + 9), for a total of 101 stamps the Introductory Handbook does and Bylen (not 100, because 79A and 79B are listed has also published separately a "synopticon" of separately). The Bylen catalog-checklist lists Western Ukraine catalog numbers (in the 248 general issues and 101 local issues' previous issue of this journal). This catalog Where do Bylen's extra stamps come from? checklist, as the others in the series, omits Many are the Khust Issue of 1944 (overprints price evaluations, arguing that "collectors of "CSP/. 1944." on Hungarian stamps); these would be better served consulting auction are mentioned in Michel, but not actually realizations for current valuations. " listed. Bylen also lists essays of unissued stamps; they are numbered in logical sequence The second catalog-checklist concerns with the issued stamps, but prefixed with an Soviet Ukraine, conceived widely enough to "E." The Bylen catalog-checklist not only lists include occupation issues. It covers: the more, but it lists with more attention to impor Kharkiv Issues of 1920 (the "RUB." overprints tant detail. For example, Michel Carpatho on Russian imperial stamps), the KYlv Issue of Ukraine nos. 63-67 are overprints (poshta I 1922 (the numeral overprints), the Famine Zakarpatska I Ukraina) in either red or black ReliefIssue ofJune 1923, local issues of 1919- on the Hungarian Lajos Kossuth Issue of 22, White Army occupational issues, 1944. The Bylen listing of the same series is Reichskommissariat Ukraine (locals and the BK 208-12. It distinguishes BK 208-11 , Dienstpost overprints), the General which are overprinted in black, from BK 212, gouvernement (District Galicia), Transnistria, which is overprinted in red. It includes BK and the unissued stamps of Vlasov's army. E209, an essay not encompassed by Michel, The Soviet Ukraine catalog-checklist also adds and it excludes Michel no . 65, since it "does a judiciously selected bibliography (absent in not exist with a genuine overprint." the previous, Western Ukraine installment, but present in the subsequent one on Carpatho These first three installments of the Ukraine). All in all, this is a useful and reliable Ukrainian Philatelic Resources handbooks are listing of variegated and often obscure phila clearly the result of a great deal of painstaking telic material conveniently brought together in work (the Ukrainian word podyvuhidnyi a single volume. comes to mind). Equally clearly, they belong on the reference shelf of anyone interested in Ukrainian philately. UkrainUm Pltilotwt No. 73n4 (\995) 242 COIOO YKP ADlCbKUX elJlATEJDC11B I IIYMI3MATIIKIB UKRAINIAN PHILATELIC AND NUMISMATIC SOCIETY P.o. BOX 11184, CHICAGO, IL 60611-0184 OFFICERS EDITORIAL BOARD Ukrainian Philatelist President: Treasurer: Bohdan Pauk Dr. George Slusarczuk P.O. Box 11184 P.O. Box 303 Journal Editor Chicago. IL 60611-0184 Southfields, NY 10975 Dr. Ingert Kuzych Board of Vice Presidents: Chainnan E:s:pertizing P.O. Box 3 Executive Vice President: Committee: Springfield, VA 22150 Dr. Bohdan Bodnaruk Jerry Tkachuk 425 Ridge Ave. 30552 Dell Lane Associate Editors: Clarendon Hills, IL 60514 Warren, MI 48092 Dr. Alexander MacGregor Vice President (USA): EIpert Advisor: 6822 N. Lakewood Peter Bylen John Bulat Chicago, IL 60626 P. O. Box 7193 P.O. Box 91, Main Station Westchester, IL 60154 Yonkers. NY 10702-0091 Val Zabijaka Vice President (Canada): Auditing Board Cbainnan: P.O. Box 3711 Ivan Perederyj Orest Horodysky Silver Spring, MD 20918 416 Anderson Dr. 6228 W. Giddings St. Cornwall. Ontario K6H 5N3 Chicago, IL 60630 Ukrainian Editor: Vice President (Europe): Adjudicating Board Chainnan: Dr. Alexander Malycky Seppo Laaksonen Patrick Eppel 2509 - 21st. ST., SW. Mechelininkatu 19A12 108 Pinewood Circle Calgary. Alberta T2T 5A9 00100 Helsinki 10 Finland Apple Valley, MN 55124 Secretary: Publicity Chainnan: Newsletter Editor: WasylMudry Paul B. Spiwak Bohdan Pauk 2149 W. Superior St. 42 Irving Road Box 11184 Chicago, IL 606 12 New Hartford, NY 13413 Chicgo, IL 60611-0184 CHAPTERS and AFFILIATES Association of Ukrainian Philatelists Metopotitan Detroit UPNS Chapter Ky'Iv UPNS Chapter and Numismatists (Montreal) Roman Maziak Viktor Mohylny Stefan Werbowyj , Pres. 892 Eastover Dr. Abon. Skrynka 82/1 Contact: Ivan Perederyj. Sec. Bloomfield Hills; Ml48304 252124 Kylv-124 Ukraine 416 Anderson Dr. Cornwall, Ont K6H 5N3 Mid-Atlantic UPNS Chapter Lviv UPNS Chapter Dr. Ingert Kuzych Roman Byshkevych Toronto UPNS Chapter P.O. Box 3 vul. Kahancia. 34/2 Borys Zayachivsky Springfield. VA 22150 290055 Lviv-55 Ukraine 72 Harshaw Ave. Toronto, Ont M6S I YI Philadelphia UPNS Chapter Aziv Ukrainian Philatelic and George Danyliw Nwnismatic Exchange Club Ukrainian CoUectors' Club of Calgary 954 Hillside Dr. Serhij Jannak Dr. Alexander Malycky Southampton, PA 18966 P.O. Box 15009 2509 - 21 Street, SW 341015 Mariupil-15 Ukrsine Calgary, Alberta T2T 5A9 Ukrainian CoUedibles Society Inc., Australia Chicago UPNS Chapter Frank Fursenko, Pres. BohdanPauk Contact: George Fedyk, Sec. P.O. Box 11184 P.O. Box 466 Chicago, IL 60611-0184 Woodville, South Australia 5011 AVAILABLE BACK ISSUES OF UKRAINIAN PHILATELIST Issue No. Features Postpaid Price (i n U.S. dollars) Vol. 36 No. 2 (56) 1989 Mail Transport in Ukraine During the 18th and 19th Centuries; Millennium Year $5.00 Cancellations; T. Schevchenko Philatelic Releases; Post Offices Named for T. Shevchenko; Early 20th Century 'lCrag' Machine Cancellations. Supplement to The 1988 Austrian Christmas Stamp; Numismatics in the Service of the Soviet $3.00 Vol. 36 Empire. Vol. 37 Supplement to Ukrainian Topics on Soviet Stamps, 1927-1989; Architecture in Ukraine; Medical $12.00 Vol. 37 Sciences in Ukraine; Theater in Ukraine. Vol. 38 No. 1 (59) 1991 Anniversary Issue: A History of the UPNS; Forty Years of Ukrainian $5.00 Philalelisl;UPNS Commemorative Covers; Cumulative UPNS Membership Listing; Notes on C.M.T. Stamps; A Share of "Rukh." No. 2 (60) 1991 First Round Trip of "Air Ukraine'\ "C.O.D." Mail in Ukraine ~ Carpatho-Ukrainian $5.00 Post Offices, 1920-1939; A Unique Banknote; Soviet Post Offices Named For Taras Shevchenko; The Ukrainian Trident; Cossack Flags; Diplomatic Corps Flags of 1918-1924; Symbols ofCarpatho-Ukraine. Supplement to Ukrainian Topics on Stamps of the World, 1918-1989; Fortresses, Castles, and $10.00 Vol. 38 Palaces in Ukraine ; Sacred Pictorial Art. Vol. 39 No.2 (62) 1992 First Postage Stamps ofa Reestablished Ukraine; Soviet Occupation of Western $5.00 Ukraine, 1939-1941 ; Ukrainian Transfer Cards, 1917-1920 (part 11); Polish So lidarity Union Labels; Publication Reviews. Supplement to Ostarbeiter Mail from World War II; Ostarbeiter Patches; Crimea in Philately; 1843 $5 .00 Vol. 39 Postal Convention Between Austria and Russia. Vol. 40 No. 112 (63/64) Introductory Handbook of Ukrainian Philately, covers: Zemstvo stamps, 1918 trident $10.00 1993 overprints, Western Ukraine, Carpatho-Ukraine, DP and POW camps, Ukrainian topicals, postcards, and cinderella stamps. Includes a 38-page catalog section of classical Ukrainian stamps (19 18-23). Vol. 41 No. 112 (65 /66) Lviv Postmarks; 1939 Carpatho-Ukraine Stamp; 1992 Ukrainian Stamp Issues; 1941 $10.00 1993 Kolomyia ProvisionaJ Postal Card; Ukrainian-Language Telegram Forms; Kreminets Exchange Note; Unissued Coins of 1992; New Symbols of Ukraine; Publication Reviews. Vol. 42 No. 1 (67) 1994 Ukrainian Field Post Issue of 1920; Local Provisionals for 1992-93 (part 0; 1992 $5.00 Ky"iv Provisionals; Soviet Forgeries on Russian Documentary Stamps; Donation Coupons of the Ukrainian Central Committee , 1942-44; Bogus DP Camp Stamps. No. 2 (68) 1994 Trident Surcharges on Stationery. 1992-94; Local Provisionals for 1992-93 (part II); $5.00 A1eksandria Zemstvo Stamp of 1870; 1993 Ukrainian Stamp Issues; Yuriy Lohvyn Ukrainian Stamp Designer; Russian Occupation of Lviv , 1914-15; Pub lication Reviews. No. 3/4 (69nO) Ky'iv, Lviv, and Chemihiv Trident Overprints of 1992; Chernivtsi Trident $10.00 1994 Overprints; Lutsk Local Overprints; Pryluky Overprints of 1993; Poltava Trident Overprint of 1993; Crimean Postal Surcharges, 1992-94; Chortkiv in Philately; Odessa Overprints; Ukrainian Camp Post; "Black Chambers. M Vol. 43 No. 112 (71n2) Marks on Trident-Overprinted Stamps; Court Stamps of East Galicia; Local $10.00 1995 Provisionals for 1992-93 (part Dl); Russian Field Post in Ukraine During World War I; Ukraine's Postal Activities in 1994; Grodno Connecting Mail in 191 9; Documents Pertaining to Provisional Releases; Publication Reviews. Copies may be obtained from : Ingert Kuzych , Editor, Ukrainian Philatelist P.O. Box 3, Springfield, VA 22 150 Ukrainian Phi/(delist No. 73n4 (1995) ~ SELFRELIANCE UKRAINIAN ...... ~i>..-.-. FEDERAL ~.&. CREDIT UNION EASY APPLICATION PROCESS! Call 312-489-0520 anytime - 24 hrs a day. During business hours ask to speak with our VISA department personnel. If you get our welcome recording, press ext. 233 and leave your name and address and we will mail a membership packet and VISA application to you! 'Membership is open to individuals of Ukrainian heritage No Annual Fee - 25 Day Grace period! The advantage is yours with Selfreliance! 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