December 2000, Vol.14
ISSUES OF METROPOLITAN PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT WERE DISCUSSED AT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
International Conference on Metropolitan Planning At the presentation on September 29, Young- and Management was held on September 29 to 30 at the Hwan, Jin and Dong-Ju, Kim of KRIHS introduced Korea Chamber of Commerce & Industry in the joint the details of Metropolitan Plan for 2020 for six auspices of KRIHS, the Korean Regional Science Asso- metropolitan areas with green belts in Korea. The ciation and the Graduate School of Environmental Stud- objective of the Metropolitan Plan for 2020 lies in ies of Seoul National University. restructuring the green belts - Restricted Develop- The conference was held timely as the Korean gov- ment Zones (RDZ) - that have been strictly controlled ernment, according to the urban planning law renewed for the last 30 years. The restructuring of the RDZ is this year, is working on the demarcation and planning examined through metropolitan planning in addition of metropolitan areas adopting a metropolitan planning to environment assessment. With the Metropolitan system for the first time. Furthermore, the matter of Plan for 2020, urban problems arising from adjusting green belts that have been kept intact for the metropolitan growth as well as restructuring green past 30 years is considered at the level of metropolitan belts are expected to be dealt with more efficiently at planning. Metropolitan planning and management are both environmental and planning perspectives. expected to help alleviate urban problems like traffic As foreign experiences in metropolitan planning and jam, pollution, housing and short supply of infrastruc- management and in green belts policy, Robert Pirani, ture facing the big cities throughout the world accord- director of Regional Plan Association of New York ing to the extension of metropolitan areas and attain a introduced regional plans for the New York Metropoli- more comfortable urban environment. tan Area stretching over 3 states of New York, New Jer-
Status of six Metropolitan Areas(1998)
Seoul Busan Daegu Gwangju Daejeon Ma Chang Metro. Metro. Metro. Metro. Metro. Jin Metro. Area Area Area Area Area Area Population 21,900 4,340 3,110 1,660 2,580 1,460 (thousand)
Area Total 11,754 1,708 4,978 2,995 5,112 1,614 2 (km ) RDZ 1,518.7 552.7 545.5 554.8 437.2 314.2
Seoul, Daegu, and Gwangju and Daejeon, 5 cities Masan, Busan, Incheon, and 7 cities and 5 cities and and counties in Changwon, Municipalities Yangsan, 31 cities and counties in counties in Chungnam-do, Jinhae, Included and Gimhae counties in Gyeongsang- Jeollanam-do and 4 in Gimhae, cities Gyeonggi-do buk-do Chungbuk-do Haman
Note) In the Daejeon Metropolitan Area, Chungju City and surrounding areas may be treated as a separate Metropolitan Area by the deci- sion of Central Urban Planning Committee in Korea 2 sey and Conneticut. In addition, he also told about the sion in Portland, Oregon. Martin Simmons, head of 3Es, basic principles of plan- development and transport strat- ning: economy, environment and Location of Six Metropolitan egy and chief planner of Greater equity. Elizabeth Mclaren, assis- Planning Areas in Korea London Authority Transition tant deputy minister of Munici- introduced the directions of the pal Affairs and Housing spoke Greater London urban planning of the administering system in and changes in managerial the Greater Toronto Area. Tat- ■ organs. According to him, the suo Ito, president of Nagoya Seoul Metro Area Greater London Authority given Sangyo University of Japan, a full authority implements the introduced the planning and ■ relevant policies to realize the management system in the Daejon Metro Area strategic objectives of the ■ Tokyo Metropolitan Area focus- Daegu Metro Area metropolitan area planning also ing on green belt policies. David sharing functions with municipal- ■ Bragdon, the presiding officer of Kwangju Metro Area ■ ities which provide basic services Pusan Metro Council in Portland illus- ■ to the residents. A workshop on Ma-Chang-Jin Metro Area trated the preservation of farm- Metro Area the Capital Region Metropolitan ing land and forestry and mea- Planning in Korea followed on sures to prevent the urban expan- September 30.
THE JOINT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR THE CHUNGCHEONG CIRCLE IN PROGRESS
he Daejeon Metropolitan City and the Chung- Chungcheong Province and North Chungcheong Tcheong Circle administrative council commis- Province. The program can be characterized as a sioned KRIHS to carry out a research on the joint regional collaborative plan that was established by development program for the Chungcheong Circle in local governments autonomously and, in particular, is July 1999. The research aimed at devising appropriate meaningful in that it incorporated the 4th national com- measures to materialize the cooperation and assistance prehensive territorial plan. between the Daejeon Metropolitan City, South The program spans the three regions of the Daejeon Metropolitan City, South The Location of Chungcheng Circle Chungcheong Province and North Chungcheong Province and will be completed by the year of 2020. In the Gangwan Province program, policies for regional collabo- Gyeonggi Province ration and joint development were worked out confined in three areas of industry, transportation and tourism as detailed in the below with the objective North Chungcheong Province of developing the Chungcheong Circle South Chungcheong into a stronghold of national develop- Province ment in the 21st century. To achieve North Gyeongsang this objective, the Chungcheong Circle The Daejeon Province Metropolitan City is divided into 5 areas: central metropolitan area, the north of the West Coast, the south of the West Coast, north inland and south inland.
North Jeolla Province
SPECIAL FOCUS
URBAN GROWTH MANAGEMENT AND NEW TOWN DEVELOPMENT IN THE CAPITAL REGION
RIHS held a forum over the KRIHS propos- prevent reckless development and areas to cope Kal for the propriety and directions of the new with demand. Areas for future growth are strate- town development in the Capital Region on gic development areas to be cultivated into bases October 10 at the KRIHS lecture hall to gather in the future for the goal of balanced regional opinions of the relevant experts and civic groups. development and multi-core spatial structure According to the proposal, new towns are con- even though self-reliance in the area is low at sidered to be the best alternative to prevent reck- present. Areas to prevent reckless development less development and meet the short-term hous- are where reckless development is anticipated ing demand at the moment. due to small-scale development and systematic At the forum, KRIHS anticipated that if the provision of infrastructure facilities is urgent. areas of high development potential are neglect- Areas to cope with demand are where market- ed as they are, reckless development will be driven development is so likely as to easily unavoidable and that a multi-core strategy is secure infrastructure facilities with the profits on essential for balanced development within the development and efficiently cope with the short- Capital Region. In addition, new town develop- term housing demand. ment is the best policy to meet one million-unit Candidate areas in the northern part of the Capi- housing demand in the coming 5 years until the tal Region are 1,983ha in Gyoha-myeon, Paju-city whole nation is managed in the principle of as an area for future growth, 992ha in Uijeongbu- “planning first and development after” under the city as an area to cope with demand and 992ha in National Land Use and Urban Planning Act, Yangchon-myeon, Gimpo-city as an area to pre- which is in the process of legislation. vent reckless development. In the southern part of KRIHS classified the candidate areas into the Capital Region, considered as candidate areas three categories: areas for future growth, areas to for new town development are 926ha in Pangyo- dong, Seongnam-city as an area to prevent reckless development and to cope with demand, 1,322ha in Dongtan- The Location of new town candidates myeon, Hwaseong-gun as an area for future growth and to prevent reckless development and 3,306ha Uijeongbu Paju Goyang in the South Hwaseong-gun as an Pocheon area for future growth. Dongducheon If the KRIHS proposal for new South Gimpo ▼ Paju Yangju town development is materialized ▼ Gimpo Uijeongbu in the Capital Region, it will ▼ Namyangju Goyang Seongnam Pangyo impact on the overall economies Seoul as well as housing market consid- Incheon Ha-nam the central Hwaseong ▼ erably. In particular, the Pangyo Anyang Seongnam Gwangju New Town is expected to pull Ansan ▼Suwan down the apartment price in the Hwaseong Yongin Gangnam area in Seoul and Bun- Southwest Hwaseong Osan ▼ dang New Town. Taking into Anseong Cheon-an Asan account the problems and achieve- ▼ ments in the previous new town Cheon-an development, KRIHS proposed that the new town development 5 December 2000
should be directed towards: embodiment of friendly development. In addition, countermea- advanced new town model for the 21st century, sures to deal with issues of financing for infras- timely provision of infrastructure facilities, impo- tructure facilities, reckless development in the sition of various functions and strengthening the neighboring areas, traffic jam, supply of living self-reliance, rationalization of the development water and buying land as speculation are also re- method and land supply system and environment- commended in the KRIHS proposal.
THE NGIS PROMOTIONAL COMMISSION SHAPED THE 2ND NGIS MASTER PLAN
he NGIS Promotional Commission has tion to the efficiency of administrative operations Tapproved the master plan for the 2nd National and service to the people. At the same time, efforts Geographic Information System (NGIS) on October will be directed towards picking out and supporting 6 to cover the period from 2001 to 2005. Thirteen the areas in which private sector can make the most government authorities took part in establishing the of framework data and public GIS applications. plan, in which the Ministry of Construction and Transportation and KRIHS took a leading role. The 3.Geographic information dissemination plan has a goal to materialize a digitalized nation by structure 2005 through securing national spatial data infras- tructure. Under this goal, several NGIS projects The dissemination structure of geographic infor- will be carried out in 8 divisions as articulated in the mation will be established to channel various geo- below: graphic information collected through NGIS pro- 1.The construction of framework data jects to users rapidly and conveniently using infor- mation technologies such as Internet and worldwide When the most commonly used framework data web. In the process, national geographic informa- are collected, users will be able to use GIS more tion dissemination structure will be established and extensively and diversely. Here, framework data the national geographic data clearing house will be include geodetic controls, topography, cadastre, set up to facilitate the sharing and use of geographic administrative boundaries, transportation, hydrolo- information network. Furthermore, electronic GIS gy, facilities, satellite images and aerial photos. For library will be established to distribute the results of this, priorities will be given to the improvement in GIS projects, and research and development. geodetic control networks, demonstrative projects for framework data construction and the develop- 4.GIS technology development ment of framework databases. GIS technology will be developed at the national 2.GIS application development level putting in continuous investment and supports with a ultimate goal of exporting GIS technology Various GIS applications should be developed, abroad. In particular, core fundamental technolo- particularly for the areas of underground facilities, gies in the areas of collection, processing, distribu- underground resources, environment, agriculture, tion and utilization of geographic information will forestry, ocean and statistics, which are mostly used be developed in phases, and GIS technology center by the central government, local governments and will be constructed to form a brain pool in order to other public institutions. This project will be pro- facilitate the collaboration among industry, univer- ceeded as a consecutive project of the public GIS sity and research institutes for joint technology applications now in progress under the 1st NGIS development and national technology information project (1995-2000) taking into account its contribu- networking. 6
5.Fostering GIS industries thered to raise the level of the use of geographic infor- mation in everyday life so that people can understand GIS industries will be fostered according to the and use GIS in their daily lives without difficulties. visions and goals of NGIS master plan, which is the digitalization of national land information. In order 8. Supporting research and institutional to build the foundation of GIS industries, compre- improvement hensive policy measures to cultivate and support GIS industries will be prepared and, after then, the rele- For the efficient promotion of NGIS projects, prac- vant laws and institutions will be adjusted. GIS tical research will be carried out to substantively sup- industries based on user demands will be fostered port the NGIS projects, and adjust and improve regu- departing from the past policies inclined toward sup- latory environment that are currently not conducive pliers and software developers. Appropriate mea- to carrying out GIS projects. More specifically, the sures will be devised to encourage and support the existing GIS-related laws such as survey law and exports of domestic GIS technologies. land register law will be adjusted according to ‘the Law on the Establishment of NGIS and its Utiliza- 6. Standardization tion’ and GIS audit system will be institutionalized to properly manage large-scale projects. GIS-related data and technologies will be stan- dardized and at the same time, standards for geo- Total US$1,174 million will be invested to attain graphic information creation and operational proce- the objectives of the 2nd NGIS projects during the dures will be developed. The trend of international project period. For the systematic implementation of standardization will be monitored through participa- NGIS projects, 7 subcommittees, namely, omnibus tion in international standardization activities such as coordination subcommittee, geographic information ISO and OGC and will be reflected upon domestic subcommittee, cadastral subcommittee, technology standardization. subcommittee, utilization and dissemination subcom- mittee, human resources training subcommittee and 7. The cultivation of GIS experts and industry cultivation subcommittee will be formed publicity activities under the umbrella of NGIS Promotional Commis- sion in which 13 central government authorities, local Educational institutions for GIS experts will be plu- governments and civic experts participate. In each ralized so that educational programs can be tailored to subcommittee, specialized technical support organs the characteristics of GIS trainees. GIS educational will be installed. Furthermore, civic advisory com- network will be organized in collaboration of indus- mittee will be run as an advisory organ for the NGIS try-university-research institutes to set up a remote Promotional Commission to gather wide opinions of education system. Publicity activities will be fur- civic experts.
KOREA-GERMAN WORKSHOP HELD TO DISCUSS EXPERIENCES OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
A Korea-Germany workshop was held on the subject of experiences of regional development after German unification and implications for inter-Korean integration on October 18 and 19 at KRIHS. At the workshop, Drs. Steffen Maretzke and Wendelin Strubelt of Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning in Germany told that for the past 10 years since the German unification, the East German communes had achieved a sub- stantial economic growth but many problems still remained to be solved such as high unemployment and unbal- anced regional development. The participants discussed lessons from the German experiences in regional development and the long-ranged regional development issues in the North of the future. Excerpts of the papers “Regional aspects of economic and social changes in the new Länder of the Federal Republic of Germany” by Drs. Steffen Maretzke and Wendelin Strubelt and “Challenges in inter-Korean economic cooperation and regional integration” by Dr. Won Bae Kim are attached hereto. 7 December 2000
Regional aspects of economic and social changes in the new L nder of the Federal Republic of Germany Drs. Steffen Maretzke and Wendelin Strubelt
ince 1990, many things have changed in the Having a closer look at special social groups and SEast German regions. It is obvious that all the living conditions in the perspective of regional dis- regions have profited from the provision of infras- parities, middle-aged groups around forties and tructure, housing and retail trade. However, struc- fifties and women lost their jobs during the eco- tural changes are not homogenous and simultane- nomic restructuring process and never got the ous across regions. In the beginning of the unifica- equivalent jobs. The younger generation had diffi- tion, agglomeration areas have profited from the culties but to a lower degree than middle-aged growth, whereas rural areas are taking the growth groups. However, many persons within the existing process very recently. However, regional dispari- workforce had the chance to switch over to the new ties have increased in the new Länder, similar to the system in the united Germany. Most of the politi- West. Until now, there is no stable regional devel- cal and social elite of the former GDR were dis- opment pattern; there exist not only growing missed or dismantled from their duties. However, regions but also regions with economic deficiency. they did not fall into poverty but rather retired and Even in case of a steady growth of GDP, the East took advantage of the better pension system of the German's living conditions will not be equivalent to West transferred to the East. those of the West. There has not been any self-sus- One of the difficulties in the unification process taining development. In the long run, many finan- was a candid communication with the people about cial transfers will be required to improve the struc- what is going on, who is carrying the burdens and tural changes and to support those who have not who are favored. Also, the West Germans should profited from it. Experts say that there still needs share the advantages that they had during the devel- DM300 billion for infrastructure investment. Fur- opment with the East Germans. The West Germans thermore, if financial transfer is reduced, the new should have been informed that this sharing process Länder will suffer from reduction in productivity is a natural obligatory burden they should bear in and higher unemployment. On the other hand, the order to realize a unified Germany. lack of development in the East will have impacts on the West. The existing economic problems in the East German Länder are concerned with structure as was in the Old Länder. Therefore, poli- cies to push forward structural changes in the East are required. The East German transformation process is not only a process within but also part of worldwide global changes. In particular, the Euro- pean process is quite important for the development of the new Länder. Through the future EU enlargement toward the East, there will be new markets to directly compete against the new German Länder. So, many new production plants will not be founded in the new Länder but in the adjacent countries accessible to the East due to lower wages. 8
Challenges in Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation and Regional Integration Dr. Won Bae Kim
In spite of seemingly cooperative mood between form of quid pro quo that chaebol could be expected the two Koreas at the moment, two fundamental to extract. Furthermore, the concentration of invest- questions remain to be answered in order for the two ment in a few pockets with favorable conditions will Koreas to continue economic cooperation on a firm accentuate the development of the Seoul-Pyongyang footing in the medium and long term: reciprocity and corridor, which will result in an unbalanced develop- a peaceful co-existence. In addition, the likelihood ment not only within the North but also in the Kore- of reform in the North is a key factor, which will an peninsula as a whole. determine the prospect for inter-Korean economic cooperation in the medium and long term. When Pyongyang's commitment to economic reform is firmly manifest, inter-Korean economic Putting together the evidences of inter-Korean eco- cooperation needs a comprehensive strategy taking a nomic cooperation thus far with the likely pattern of longer-term perspective to build diversified and bal- transportation development in the North, we can anced economies of the two Koreas, which means an anticipate with a reasonable degree of confidence: economy with a self-sustaining growth base and a 1) Industrial conglomerates such as Hyundai will be complementarity. the major actors in inter-Korean economic coop- eration. Balanced development should be defined in quali- 2) South Korean investment will occur in processing tative terms, i.e., whether a region has a capacity of and assembly industries as well as tourism devel- self-sustaining growth with its own characteristics opment, where North Korea can earn foreign cur- distinctive from others. Therefore, a comprehensive rency without much of its own investment. strategy for inter-Korean economic cooperation 3) South Korean investment will concentrate in a few should pay due attention to: pockets of special economic zones in the North 1) rehabilitation of regional economic base to the with relatively easy access to South Korea. extent justified economically 4) South Korean government assistance in transport 2) promotion of new industries and other infrastructure will concentrate on those 3) joint ventures between local industries in the special economic zones and transport links North and small and medium enterprises in the between these zones and Seoul. South 4) exploitation of regional growth potential Three issues are of particular importance for the integration of North and South Korea: the industrial In addition to utilizing low-wage labor for export- structure of the North, the mode of economic coop- oriented industries, Pyongyang and Seoul together eration and geographical pattern of development. As must consider the possibility of introducing and suggested by private enterprises in the South, North promoting new industries such as information tech- Korea may become a low-cost production base for nology and modern logistics in suitable locations South Korean and foreign firms if the static compar- within North Korea. Given the experience of China, ative advantage of the North is emphasized. Howev- Germany, and East European economies, the er, given the experience of Germany, where the west growth of small and medium sized enterprises is has spent an enormous sum of capital to raise the liv- essential to maintain employment base and to intro- ing standard of the east but still suffers from regional duce market-type management. Although the con- disparity between the east and the west, turning dition of local industries in the North is known to North Korea into a low-cost production base is not be poor, injecting capital and management know- desired at all. Letting chaebol companies to carry how with the assistance of the South may partially out the task of economic development in the North salvage local economic base. Most of all, both sides would involve both economic and political risks; need to pay attention to how to best use growth economic risks in terms of reducing chaebol compet- potential of North Korea and component regions itiveness internationally and political risks in the within it. 9 December 2000
KRIHS HELD A WORKSHOP ON THE DIRECTIONS TO BALANCE PUBLIC INTEREST WITH PRIVATE INTEREST INVOLVING LAND
The Land Research Division of KRIHS held a workshop on August 22 at the KRIHS lecture hall on the direc- tions to balance public interest with private interest involving land jointly with the Korean Real Estate Law Society. The workshop was intended to seek ways for balancing public interest with private interest through collecting opinions of academic sector, working level officials and judicial circles. Introduced herein is an excerpt of the paper by Dr. Hai-Woong, Yoo.
DIRECTIONS TO BALANCE PUBLIC INTEREST WITH PRIVATE INTEREST INVOLVING LAND Dr. Hai-Woong, Yoo
and, as public property, has the characteristics the current of times and changes in circumstances Lof private property deeply rooted in the private from the 1970s to the 1990s and enacted three laws ownership system at the same time. Civil law also according to the expansion of the concept of public allows landownership as a complete real right that nature of land in 1989. However, depression in the enables the landowners to use and dispose land, and real estate market following the 1997 financial crisis make profit on it. Nonetheless, it is necessary to and the ensued moderation of restraints on land use impose heavier restrictions to land than to other substantially set back regulations for public interest properties from the viewpoint of public welfare, while strengthening the position of private interest. which is because that land has a high degree of The constitutional court's decisions of unconstitu- public and social natures that cannot be possessed tionality and disagreement to the constitution in rela- by one single person like the sun, water and air. tion to the declared land value regulation, the regu- The constitutional law embodies such public and lation of extra profits duty, the upper limit on the pos- social natures of land in the exercise of property session of housing lot, the designation of develop- rights suitable for the public welfare and the ment-restricted zone and urban planning facilities infringement on property rights to meet the public unexecuted for a long time. needs, which has been serving the basis of the The degree of emphasis on either public or private enactment of land laws putting a stress on regula- interest on land tends to change subject to political, tion. economic and social changes. The setback of public Land law provides a basis to restrict the basic interest to give priority to private interest may be jus- rights for the sake of the public nature of land such tified as circumstances require but it needs a more as public welfare, efficient use of national land, the careful review. In particular, despite the fact that sound growth of a region and environment conserva- public interest and private interest coexist, the mod- tion. However, conflicts between public interest and ern land system is caught in a dilemma by setting private interest are always inherent in such land reg- their relationship as conflicting and exclusive one. ulations and systems that go in gear with private To rectify it, first, a common understanding of land interest and seem to be unavoidable due to the dual should be established among the people and, second, character of land. measures to efficiently balance public interest with The Republic of Korea had adopted various land private interest should be prepared to develop them systems and regulations that placed more emphases into a land system. on public welfare and/or public interest according to It is also necessary to find directions to appropri- 10 ately control the conflicts arising from the dual char- infringed by such a public interest. acter of land inherent between public and private Fourth, the participation of residents and compen- interests. The reckless development that has recent- sation for right relief should be expanded, which are ly occurred in the Yongin city of the Capital Region considered as typical means of relief for the private is a representative case that shows a sharp contrast interest infringed by the embodiment of public inter- between public interest and private interest sur- est. The former is an advance right relief and the lat- rounding development and conservation. ter is a post-right relief. It is also required to acti- Reckless development has increased the floor area vate the participation of residents and compensation ratio with the conversion of the conventional conser- as means of right relief. vation-oriented zoning into a development-oriented zoning to increase the housing supply in the end. However, due to the developers struggling for profit- 1 It can be characterized: 1) The justification of the making, development was carried out without the purpose: the purpose of the operations of a nation construction of infrastructure in some areas only to should be justified by the constitution and legal sys- result in bad effects. Reckless development, as a tems; 2) The propriety of the method: the methods result of the abuse of permissions and approvals used to attain a goal should be effective and appropri- pushed by civil petitions emphasizing private inter- ate; 3) The minimization of loss: among the methods of the same efficiency, the method that will infringe est, has generated a social issue of the confrontation the basic rights at minimum should be used; 4) The between development as a private interest and con- balance of the benefit and protection of the law: when servation as a public interest. The government the degree of infringement and public interest are announced comprehensive measures to prohibit weighed on the whole, there should be an appropriate reckless development and at the same time to attain proportion between them. the goal of housing supply. The government is also making efforts to seek a new land use system for planned land development and the balance of public interest with private interest. In order to balance public interest with private interest, however, Korea THE NEW NATIONAL LAND RESEARCH needs a significant policy shift, which should contain the following elements: COUNCIL WAS FORMED TO First, the idea of land must be changed. Even SEEK WAYS TO NATIONAL LAND though the relationship between public interest and private interest should be established based on coex- MANAGEMENT POLICY istence, it is also necessary to correctly understand the primary character of land as public goods taking into account the conflicting relations between public The New National Land Research Council declared property and private property. The result of an the Charter of National Land in the inaugural cere- opinion survey renders a support for the priority of mony followed by a panel discussion on September public interest over private interest. 20 in the Press Center sponsored by the Ministry of Second, the basic land law should be legislated. Construction and Transportation, the Ministry of The basic land law heralds the basic ideas of land to Agriculture and Forestry and the Ministry of Envi- build up a common understanding on land and is ronment. The council will elaborate on planned and significant in establishing basic directions for land environment-friendly national land use to meet the policy based on it. 21st century and ways to new national land manage- Third, land regulations should be lifted or mitigat- ment policy as well. The council is composed of the ed. To balance public interest with private interest Center for Urban Reform of the Citizens' Coalition by the annulment or mitigation of regulations, it is for Economic Justice, Green Traffic Movement, important to judge if the principle of proportion1 is Green Korea United, Citizen's Movement for Envi- violated. Principally, the main point should be if ronmental Justice, KRIHS, Korea Rural Economic regulations in question are inevitable for the sake of Institute, Korea National Housing Corporation, Korea public interest and/or public welfare and if they can Land Corporation, Korea Environment Institute, be replaced by other alternative measures. Further- Korea Planners Association, Korea Environmental more, the principle of proportion should apply in Economics Association and the Korean Society for balancing the public interest occurring from the Environmental Policies. Herein introduced is the full imposition of regulation with the private interest text of the Charter of National Land. 11 December 2000
The Charter of National Land
National land is a unique base in which our nation exploited efficiently so that city, farming and shall live forever. Therefore, we living in this land fishing communities can be evenly developed are responsible for conserving our national land as and every person can live happily. Social Over- a beautiful, clean and sound place. Furthermore, we head Capital shall be enlarged constantly bring- should strive to cultivate our national land into a ing together all wits and efforts so that diverse place where people and the nature are well harmo- regions can benefit equally. nized and a competitive place that expands into the 4. Preparing conditions for the balanced develop- world so that people can live comfortably, happily ment of the North and the South along with the and safely everywhere nationwide. competitive national land, our national land shall be united with the world, making the most of our 1. National land shall be developed and managed in strong point to connect the continent to the a sustainable manner by establishing plans tak- ocean, ing into account the nature, environment, histo- 5. Recognizing the above, the government shall ry and culture so that every person can live the manage national land in a comprehensive, ratio- way he or she wants. nal and scientific manner and establish land poli- 2. The possession of land shall aim to develop our cies by the consensus drawn by the participation economy soundly and enable neighbors, descen- of the people. dents and people and living creatures to make a good living all together with common interests. September 20, 2000 3. The land resources and its potential shall be The New National Land Research Council
NN EWS & ANNOUNCEMENTS National Environment Research Division held National Planning Division held a public hearing an open forum as to new visions and challenges in on the draft plan for reforming the 21st century nation- construction environment policies on June 30 at the al land use system with the Ministry of Construction Construction Hall. The forum was intended to rumi- and Transportation on August 18 at the KRIHS lecture nate upon the meanings of the Ministry of Construc- hall. It was aimed to collect opinions of experts and tion and Transportation's declaring new millenium civic groups on the draft plan and based on them, to environment-friendly construction on June 2 and seek ways for planned management of national land, collect expert opinions of industry-education-labora- which will establish a new philosophy of national land tory on the mid to long-term master plans designed to meet with the 21st century and prevent reckless thereby. development in quasi-agricultural zone
Dr. Larry Bourne, professor at the University of Malaysian delegation composed of 11 government Toronto, Canada delivered a special lecture on the officials headed by Dato' Prof. Zainuddin Muhammad, subject of social conflicts, unbalanced income, and director general of Federal Department of Town and land and housing policies in Canada on August 8 at Country Planning Malaysia visited KRIHS on August the KRIHS seminar room. He spoke of social con- 17. They were given an introduction to KRIHS and flicts arising from political, economic and social Korean experiences in land use plan, urban planning, restructuring in a globalization era centering on regional development plan, industrial site plan and Toronto regions. housing lot development plan. They also had a dis- cussion with several senior fellows of KRIHS. The 29th IGC (International Geographical Congress) was held at the COEX Exhibition Hall in Seoul from Twenty-four government official trainees from August 14 to 18. KRIHS, to publicize its activities to Indonesia, the Philippines, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thai- the participants in the congress, participated in the land and Laos visited KRIHS on August 24 on a site International Geographical Information and Urban tour as part of the 5th Human Resources Development Marketing Exhibit that was held at the same time. Course for Asian government officials. KRIHS intro- 12 duced to them Korea's national and regional plans. KRIHS performed a ceremony to celebrate its 22nd birthday on October 2. At the ceremony, the president Center for Infrastructure Studies participated in of Korea Council of Economic & Social Research the international seminar for regional development Institutes read a congratulatory address followed by a through South Korea-China-North Korea cooperation memorial speech by Mr. Lee Jeong Sik, president of held August 21 to 27 in Yanji and Changchun, China. KRIHS. Fourteen long-service staffs were awarded presents and Professor Suh, Dae-Sook of Kyongnam Center for housing and urban studies presented University gave a lecture on the Korea-China border. a national report on the implementation of the agenda Old staffs including the first president of KRIHS of HABITAT (United Nations Center for Human Set- joined the reception that followed the lecture. tlements) to the Ministry of Construction and Trans- portation upon their request on September 22. The Construction Economics Research Division held report depicts the current status of Korea along with a 9th Korea-Japan Construction Economics Work- problems and recommendations by areas of shelter, shop on October 19 and 20 at the Sherathon Hotel in social development and eradication of poverty, envi- Seoul. The workshop was intended to discuss mat- ronmental management, economic development, gov- ters common to both countries in construction and ernance and international cooperation. seek constructive ways for development. Eight Japanese including the executive director of RICE KRIHS and Shanghai Academy of Urban Plan- (Research Institute of Construction and Economy) ning & Design in China published the final report participated in the workshop. "A comparison of housing and new town develop- ment policies between Seoul and Shanghai", which is Regional Economies Division participated in the the result of a joint research carried out by both insti- conference on “Territorial development: Strategies tutes from August 1999 to September 2000. For this and vision for the 21st century” that the North Jeolla research, each institute held a workshop in Seoul and Provincial Government held in partnership with the in Shanghai for fact-finding and KRIHS dispatched OECD and KRIHS on November 8 and 9 at the one researcher to Shanghai Academy of Urban Plan- Chonju Riviera Hotel. ning & Design for 6-month stay to facilitate delibera- tions and research coordination Center for Housing and Urban Studies conceives a development plan for 1,376ha of idle land scattered GIS Center held the 5th GIS International Semi- within Inchon International Airport(IIC) to be open in nar for the directions of national GIS policies and March 2001. It is to strengthen the function of the IIC technology development in preparation for informa- to serve as a hub airport in Northeast Asia and at the tion-based society on September 28 and 29 at the same time, provide profit-making activity sites to Ritz Carlton Hotel in Seoul. Inchon International Airport Corp(IIAC).
KRIHS GAZETTE DECEMBER 2000 Vol.14
The Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements is a Copyright © DECEMBER 2000 non-profit research institution established in 1978. The Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements It specializes in the field of national planning, housing and land policies, transportation, regional development, SPACE and ENVIRONMENT urban design, environment, and construction economy. is published twice a year by the Korea Research Institute KRIHS seeks to improve knowledge and understanding of for Human Settlements the conditions and problems of the nation's resources and 1591-6 Kwanyang-dong Tongan-gu, Anyang-shi Kyonggi-do their interaction with people, to assist the government in 431-712 formulating long-range development plans and make Korea. policy recommendations on related matters, to collaborate with the international research community in TEL : 82-31-380-0222 solving theoretical and practical problems concerning E-Mail : [email protected] human settlement issues and planning, and to provide http : //www.krihs.re.kr research expertise and consulting services as well as Publisher : Jeong Sik Lee training programs for foreign governments and Editors : Won Bae Kim, Hye Young Kim institutions. Publication : Ho Sang Sakong, Jin-Bae Kim