2020 Pan American Championships & Continental Olympic Qualifier In

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

2020 Pan American Championships & Continental Olympic Qualifier in Curitiba Brazil Assembled by Dan Henderson

Curitiba is the capital and largest city in the Brazilian state of Paraná. The city's population was 1,879,355 as of 2015, making it the eighth most populous city in Brazil and the largest in Brazil's South Region. The Curitiba Metropolitan area comprises 26 municipalities[3] with a total population of over 3.2 million (IBGE estimate in 2010),[4] making it the seventh most populous metropolitan area in the country. The city sits on a plateau at 932 meters (3,058 ft) above sea level. It is located west of the seaport of Paranaguá and is served by the Afonso Pena International and Bacacheri airports. Curitiba is an important cultural, political, and economic center in Latin America[5] and hosts the Federal University of Paraná, established in 1912. In the 1700s Curitiba's favorable location between cattle-breeding countryside and marketplaces led to a successful cattle trade and the city's first major expansion. Later, between 1850 and 1950, it grew due to logging and agricultural expansion in Paraná State (first Araucaria angustifolia logging, later mate and coffee cultivation and in the 1970s wheat, corn and soybean cultivation). In the 1850s, waves of European immigrants arrived in Curitiba, mainly Germans, Italians, Poles and Ukrainians, contributing to the city's economic and cultural development.[6] Nowadays, only small numbers of immigrants arrive, primarily from Middle Eastern[7] and other South American countries. Curitiba's biggest expansion occurred after the 1960s, with innovative urban planning that allowed the population to grow from some hundreds of thousands to more than a million people.[8] Curitiba's economy is based on industry and services and is the fourth largest in Brazil.[9] Economic growth occurred in parallel to a substantial inward flow of Brazilians from other parts of the country, as approximately half of the city's population was not born in Curitiba.[10] Curitiba is one of the few Brazilian cities with a high Human Development Index (0.856) and in 2010 it was awarded the Global Sustainable City Award, given to cities and municipalities that excel in sustainable urban development.[11] According to US magazine Reader's Digest, Curitiba is the best "Brazilian Big City" in which to live.[12][13] Curitiba's crime rate is considered low by Brazilian standards and the city is considered one of the safest cities in Brazil for youth.[14] The city is also regarded as the best in which to invest in Brazil.[15] Curitiba was one of the host cities of the 1950 FIFA World Cup, and again for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Despite its good social indicators, the city has a higher unemployment rate than other cities in the state.[16] USA State Department Information As of February 1, 2020. The US Department of State has issued a travel advisory for Brazil – Level 2: Exercise Increased caution, for crime. From the advisory:

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

• Violent crime, such as murder, armed robbery, and carjacking, is common in urban areas, day and night. Gang activity and organized crime is widespread. • Be aware of your surroundings, especially when traveling to tourist locations and in crowded public venues. • Do not physically resist any robbery attempt. • Use caution when walking or driving at night. • Do not display signs of wealth, such as wearing expensive watches or jewelry. • Avoid using an ATM in low-light or remote locations. Never let someone “shoulder surf” or assist you. Be aware that criminals often target ATMs and businesses in the early morning hours. If you use an ATM, select those located inside of secure facilities, such as an airport, hospital, bank, or government building. • Use caution at, or going to, major transportation centers or on public transportation, especially at night. Crime statistics indicate that passengers face an elevated risk of robbery or assault using public, municipal bus transportation throughout Brazil. Consider avoiding the use of public, municipal buses, at any time of day, and especially at night. • Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency. • Follow the Department of State on Facebook and Twitter. • Review the Crime and Safety Reports for Brazil. • U.S. citizens who travel abroad should always have a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the Traveler’s Checklist. • Health Alert: Dengue in Brazil (November 7, 2019)Fri, 08 Nov 2019 • United States Embassy Brasilia, Brazil Health Alert: Dengue (spread by mosquito bites) in Brazil November 7, 2019 Location: Brazil, country-wide Event: Dengue is an ongoing risk in Brazil. After low numbers of dengue cases in 2017-18, Brazil has already recorded more cases in 2019 (1,439,471 as of September 11) than occurred in either of those outbreak years. https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/index.html Iguaçu Park Iguaçu is "big water" in the language of the first inhabitants of that land, the Indians. The Iguaçu River rises in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba and, cutting across the State, plummets into waterfalls at its mouth, on the great Paraná River. The Iguaçu Park was implanted in 1976, in the southeastern region of Curitiba, to preserve the bottom of the Iguaçu River valley, the most important in Paraná. It is 14 km long, has an average width of 571m and an area of approximately 569 thousand m². It has several sectors: sports (peladeiro and baseball), nautical, zoo and forests that preserve the typical vegetation of the floodplains, pine trees and native forest, in addition to an ecological sanctuary (biological reserve). Delivered to the Curitiba inhabitants in 1982, the Municipal Zoo, which occupies 530,000 m2 of the Iguaçu Municipal Park, was created to accommodate the large animals, hitherto confined to the Public Promenade, in the heart of the city, providing breeding conditions for native animals and still serve as a

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

safe haven for migratory birds. There, today, more than 1000 animals of 80 species coexist, with all preservation conditions, in a habitat very close to the natural. In the middle of the urban area, the zoo is also a great space for environmental education. Casa do Acantonamento, for example, is a pioneer in the country and conducts recreational and ecological activities with groups of children. It has a zoo with domestic animals, an orchard, an educational garden and an ecological trail. The sports sector, with an approximate area of 126,000 m2, consists of Parque Peladeiro containing equipment such as: soccer fields, sand soccer and volleyball, changing rooms, toilets, playground and a stadium for the practice of baseball with bleachers, lighting, parking and a cafeteria. . The nautical sector, with an area of approximately 2,300,000 m2, for non-polluting water sports (rowing, sailing and canoeing), is equipped with the following equipment: administrative headquarters, pier / anchorage, boat garage, toilets, cafeteria, gazebo, lanes, side grandstand, timing tower for canoeing and inter-ditch channel. The canoe attraction of this park is the Rowing and Rafting Lane (also known as the Iguaçu Nautical Park), which was place of international competitions, including the Junior World Championship in 2001. The park was built in the 1970s and when the zoo was opened next to this park (1982), the Iguaçu Regional Park complex was created, but the park and the zoo are separated by a road (continuation of the Avenue Marechal Floriano Peixoto) that connects Curitiba to São José dosPinhais. The Iguaçu Regional Park is characterized by being, in addition to one of the largest urban parks in the country, unprecedented with regard to the existence of its various sectors where, above all, the preservation of nature in all its essence is placed. • Area: 569 thousand m2 • Location: Between the railway and the Iguaçu River • Neighborhood: Cajuru, Boqueirão and Alto Boqueirão • Year of Implementation: 1976 • Access: Free. • Fauna: Heron, jaçanã, blowtorch, vanel, turdo, saracura, mallard, mallard, hawk, turtleneck, tico-tico, pararú, cotia, nitra, capybara, cavy, lizard, water turtle, small and medium snakes small, small rodents. • Flora: Native forest, with different species: branquinho, vacum, aroeira, casearia, juvevê, timbó, araucária, pine, beef, covatã, pepper, corticeira do bathado, pitangueira, guabirobeira, cambuí, cambará, cedar rosa, canjerana , bracatinga, yellow and purple ipe and fruit trees. • Equipment: Zoo, parking lots for cars and buses, kiosks, bar and snack bar, anchorages, hut, bike rack, canal for the circulation of boats, bicycle path, hike path, environmental education house, sports fields. Local Club

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

The local club in Curitiba is Clube de Regatas Curitiba

• Parque Náutico Iguaçu - Av. Mal. Floriano Peixoto, 11000 - Boqueirão, Curitiba - PR, 81730-000, Brazil • https://www.cluberegatascuritiba.com.br/ • João Eduardo Sousa • [email protected] • (954) 470-8823 Race Course The race course runs from north north east to south south west. The finish line tower is located on a platform that is accessed from a causeway.

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Curitiba Race Course Map

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

1000m

Prevailing Wind

Finish

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Looking up the Course

Looking down the course from just past the 1000m

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Hotel

Address: R. Barão do Cerro Azul, 261 - Águas Belas, São José dos Pinhais - PR, 83005-430, Brazil Phone: +55 41 3074-5000 4.5 Stars Email: [email protected] This unassuming airport hotel is 2 km from Afonso Pena International Airport, and 4 km from Iguaçu Park. Featuring wood floors and furnishings, the unfussy rooms offer free Wi-Fi, flat-screen TVs and minifridges, plus safes and en suite bathrooms. Room service is available. Parking is complimentary. Other amenities include a simple restaurant/bar, a gym and meeting space. Breakfast is available.

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Map from Hotel to Race Course

Map from Airport to Race Course

Language

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Brazilians speak Portuguese. They don’t appreciate Spanish. Phrases Thank you - obrigado Good morning – bom dia estou chegando – I’ll be arriving at some point soonish. garçom (“gar-sohn”) – to call for the restaurant waiter com licença (“con lee-sin-sah”) – excuse me oi – hey Customs, Dos and Don’ts Don’t expect people to be on time. Things happen at their own pace in Brazil, so don’t be impatient. People temd to arrive 30 minutes late Long lines are common for everything from ATMs to grocery stores, so be prepared to wait patiently. In many countries making a circle with your thumb and finger is the signal for “okay,” however in Brazil it means something very different. The “okay” sign is a highly offensive rude gesture in Brazil, so refrain from doing it. However, thumbs up does mean something to similar to okay, literally “beleza” or “beauty,” and is frequently used. Tipping is not a common practice in Brazil and many locals will not expect you to tip, however they will appreciate it. Tipping is only mandatory to hotel staff and restaurant waiters. Be prepared to yell at your waiter. Although this may not be the customary practice in your home country, it is not considered rude by any means in Brazil. Don’t wait for the waiter to approach you to take your order or clear your plates, the customer is in control in Brazilian eateries. Do not flush the toilet paper. No matter how nice the facilities appear or how shiny the porcelain looks, do not trust the plumbing in Brazil. It is a must that you dispose of your toilet paper in the receptacle provided, as flushing it down will only lead to a major clog. Making eye contact with a complete stranger can feel awkward and even wrong at times, but in Brazil, making deliberate eye contact with others as you walk around is considered polite and respectful. On the other hand, avoiding eye contact with people can make you seem suspicious and up to no good. In fact, a big tip from travelers who’ve spent time in and around Brazil is that making eye contact can save you from a pickpocketing situation. In Brazil, thieves are more likely to swipe things from people who don’t make eye contact (this is the case presumably because the person being stolen from won’t be able to identify the pickpocket). So be polite and be alert—make eye contact, but don’t stare! Stay away from the favelas. The slums that are present in so many other cities in Brazil, the favelas, are still present throughout Curitiba (Figure 3). Urban poverty is still a massive issue that plagues Curitiba, and it is only getting worse as both population and housing prices increase. No littering. While this is a hard and fast rule about any country that you are visiting, it’s worth taking note that in Brazil, littering is a big no-no. The country has been making strides toward being cleaner and more environmentally conscious with its new Zero Lixo (Zero Waste) law, which is now being enforced throughout Brazil as part of the plan to promote sustainable awareness. Heavy fines and penalties have

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

been put in place for those who flout the rules. While you might see trash on the streets or even on some beaches (heartbreaking, I know), it doesn’t mean that it’s okay. Help set a good example by using proper trash receptacles, or if there are none available, pack your trash in your bag or pocket and throw it away later when you do find a bin. Don’t flaunt valuables. Most people who have traveled to Brazil recommend that you take extra caution when it comes to handling your valuable items. As with any country, there are parts of Brazil that are unsafe, especially in some areas of Rio de Janeiro. A simple rule will help you here—don’t flaunt your valuables or flash expensive things like jewelry around. It might be best for your most prized jewelry pieces to remain at home while you gallivanting all over Brazil. That way, you also eliminate the worry that you might lose something valuable while traveling, and the pickpockets won’t get tempted. Make sure you stay on high alert and watch your belongings, especially in crowded places and also when passing through streets that seem empty. Don’t loose you Consumption Card. While using a consumption card may be a new concept to you, in Brazil, it’s the way things are done. It’s actually a clever concept. Many bars and nightclubs in the country use a consumption-card system, which works this way—upon entry into the establishment, each customer will be given their own consumption card, on which their food and drink orders will be listed throughout the night. When you’ve had your fill and you’re ready to head home or hit up another place, you will need to produce your consumption card at the bar or counter so that you can settle your bill. If you lose your card, the bar staff won’t be very happy with you, and you’ll mess up their system. Quick tip—if you’re planning a big night, make sure you assign a particular pocket to carry your consumption card. If you think you’re going to lose it, ask a friend to watch over it for you so that you can enjoy your night out in Brazil without incident. Don’t put you bag on the ground. While this sounds like generic advice, it’s quite specific to Brazil. Thanks to its deep religious roots, Brazil is quite a superstitious country, so don’t be surprised if you hear things like “Don’t eat mangoes and then drink milk—it will kill you” or “Don’t walk barefoot in the house—you will catch a cold”. One such superstition is about not leaving your bag on the floor. Brazilians believe that if you leave your bag on the ground, you are guaranteed to lose money and will be unlucky with finances. In fact, this superstition is so prevalent in Brazil that you will rarely see locals put their bags on the floor. Take a leaf out of their books, place your bag on the table or chair instead and keep your finances safe. Don’t use street ATMs. No matter how much we plan our travels in advance, we are always going to need extra cash on the go. When visiting Brazil, another good bit of advice is to avoid the ATMs on the streets at all costs. If you need to withdraw some cash, opt to use machines inside malls or establishments instead, as they are preferable to using ones out on the roads, which leave you exposed and ripe for thieves and pickpockets. Deciding to withdraw cash from an ATM on the street does not mean you will get robbed, but locals and travelers alike advise caution in this situation—you’d be better off visiting a nearby mall with an ATM and getting your money there instead. Always employ the “safety first” rule when traveling, not just in Brazil, but wherever your adventures take you.

Weather

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Average Weather on May 8 in Curitiba Brazil On May 8, the temperature in Curitiba typically ranges from 57°F to 69°F and is rarely below 50°F or above 77°F. For reference, on January 21, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Curitiba typically range from 65°F to 79°F, while on July 22, the coldest day of the year, they range from 50°F to 67°F. The coolest time of the day is from 10:15 PM to 8:45 AM, with the coldest at 7:00 AM, at which time the temperature is below 60°F three days out of four, and below 62°F nine days out of ten. The warmest time of the day is from 11:30 AM to 4:45 PM, with the hottest at 2:15 PM, at which time the temperature is above 66°F three days out of four, and above 62°F nine days out of ten. The day has gained half its heat by 10:00 AM and lost it again by 6:15 PM. Average Weather in Curitiba Brazil In Curitiba, the summers are warm and mostly cloudy; the winters are short, cool, and partly cloudy; and it is wet year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 50°F to 79°F and is rarely below 42°F or above 86°F. Based on the tourism score, the best times of year to visit Curitiba for warm-weather activities are from early March to mid May and from early November to mid December.

Temperature The warm season lasts for 3.8 months, from November 29 to March 23, with an average daily high temperature above 77°F. The hottest day of the year is January 21, with an average high of 79°F and low of 65°F. The cool season lasts for 2.9 months, from May 12 to August 9, with an average daily high temperature below 69°F. The coldest day of the year is July 22, with an average low of 50°F and high of 67°F.

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Clouds In Curitiba, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year. The clearer part of the year in Curitiba begins around March 7 and lasts for 6.5 months, ending around September 24. On April 20, the clearest day of the year, the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 60% of the time, and overcast or mostly cloudy 40% of the time. The cloudier part of the year begins around September 24 and lasts for 5.5 months, ending around March 7. On February 9, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 64% of the time, and clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 36% of the time.

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Precipitation A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Curitiba varies significantly throughout the year. The wetter season lasts 5.6 months, from October 4 to March 24, with a greater than 46% chance of a given day being a wet day. The chance of a wet day peaks at 70% on February 6. The drier season lasts 6.4 months, from March 24 to October 4. The smallest chance of a wet day is 22% on August 10. Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 70% on February 6.

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Rainfall To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Curitiba experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall. Rain falls throughout the year in Curitiba. The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around January 26, with an average total accumulation of 8.1 inches. The least rain falls around August 12, with an average total accumulation of 2.8 inches.

Sun The length of the day in Curitiba varies over the course of the year. In 2020, the shortest day is June 20, with 10 hours, 33 minutes of daylight; the longest day is December 21, with 13 hours, 44 minutes of daylight.

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

The earliest sunrise is at 5:40 AM on October 17, and the latest sunrise is 1 hour, 23 minutes later at 7:03 AM on July 3. The earliest sunset is at 5:33 PM on June 8, and the latest sunset is 2 hours, 39 minutes later at 8:12 PM on January 13. Daylight saving time (DST) is observed in Curitiba during 2020, starting in the spring on October 18 and ending in the fall on February 15.

Humidity

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Curitiba experiences significant seasonal variation in the perceived humidity. The muggier period of the year lasts for 5.1 months, from November 10 to April 14, during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 10% of the time. The muggiest day of the year is February 13, with muggy conditions 39% of the time. The least muggy day of the year is August 10, when muggy conditions are essentially unheard of. Wind This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages. The average hourly wind speed in Curitiba does not vary significantly over the course of the year, remaining within 0.3 miles per hour of 3.9 miles per hour throughout.

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Curitiba is from the east throughout the year.

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Water Temperature Curitiba is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water. The average water temperature experiences some seasonal variation over the course of the year. The time of year with warmer water lasts for 3.9 months, from December 18 to April 14, with an average temperature above 77°F. The day of the year with the warmest water is February 13, with an average temperature of 80°F. The time of year with cooler water lasts for 3.2 months, from June 21 to September 28, with an average temperature below 68°F. The day of the year with the coolest water is August 6, with an average temperature of 65°F.

Solar Energy This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation. The average daily incident shortwave solar energy experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year. The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.3 months, from October 26 to February 6, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 6.2 kWh. The brightest day of the year is December 4, with an average of 6.8 kWh. The darker period of the year lasts for 2.7 months, from May 10 to August 2, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 4.1 kWh. The darkest day of the year is June 24, with an average of 3.4 kWh.

Topography For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Curitiba are -25.428 deg latitude, - 49.273 deg longitude, and 3,022 ft elevation. The topography within 2 miles of Curitiba contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 308 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 3,024 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (827 feet). Within 50 miles contains very significant variations in elevation (6,043 feet). The area within 2 miles of Curitiba is covered by artificial surfaces (67%) and shrubs (25%), within 10 miles by artificial surfaces (28%) and shrubs (27%), and within 50 miles by trees (72%) and cropland (12%). Medical Good medical care is available in the larger cities but may be difficult to find in rural areas. Medical care in Brazil may be extremely expensive. Each Brazilian pharmacy has a licensed pharmacist. Most are well supplied. Local Hospital

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Hospital da Cruz Vermelha Av. Vicente Machado, 1310 - Batel, Curitiba - PR, 80420-011, Brazil Open 24 hours · +55 41 3016-6622 Emergency room: Open 24 hours

Map from hotel to best rated hospital

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Map from race course to best rated hospital Emergency Services For Ambulance call 192 Vaccinations Suggested vaccinations: • Yellow Fever • Dengue • Hepatitis A • Typhoid Vaccinations take a couple of weeks to become effective, so get this taken care of well ahead of time. Preventative DEET – spray on exposed skin and clothing to keep mosquitos away Sunscreen – apply to exposed skin Infectious Diseases The diseases of most concern are mosquito-borne infections, including malaria, yellow fever and dengue fever, which are not a significant concern in temperate regions.

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Dengue Found throughout Brazil, dengue is transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, which bite preferentially during the daytime and are more common in densely populated, urban environments. Dengue usually causes flu-like symptoms, including fever, muscle aches, headaches, nausea and vomiting, often followed by a rash. There is no vaccine or treatment for dengue fever except to take analgesics such as acetaminophen/paracetamol and to drink plenty of fluids. Hepatitis A Hepatitis A is the second-most-common travel-related infection after traveler’s diarrhea. It’s a viral infection of the liver that is usually acquired by ingestion of contaminated water, food or ice, though it may also be acquired by direct contact with infected persons. The illness occurs throughout the world, but the incidence is higher in developing nations. Symptoms may include fever, malaise, jaundice, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Most cases resolve without complications, though hepatitis A occasionally causes severe liver damage. There is no treatment. The vaccine for hepatitis A is extremely safe and highly effective. If you get a booster six to 12 months later, it lasts for at least 10 years. You really should get it before you go to Brazil or any other developing nation. Because the safety of hepatitis A vaccine has not been established for pregnant women or children under the age of two, they should instead be given a gamma globulin injection. Malaria Malaria is transmitted by mosquito bites, usually between dusk and dawn. The main symptoms are high spiking fevers, which may be accompanied by chills, sweats, headache, body aches, weakness, vomiting or diarrhea. Severe cases may involve the central nervous system and lead to seizures, confusion, coma and death. Taking prophylaxis (malaria pills) is strongly recommended for forested areas within the nine states of the Amazonia region. If you develop a fever after returning home, see a physician, as malaria symptoms may not occur for months. Typhoid Typhoid fever is caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated by a species of salmonella known as Salmonella typhi. Fever occurs in virtually all cases. Other symptoms may include headache, malaise, muscle aches, dizziness, loss of appetite, nausea and abdominal pain. Either diarrhea or constipation may occur. Unless you expect to take all your meals in major hotels and restaurants, typhoid vaccine is a good idea. Yellow Fever Yellow fever is a life-threatening viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes in forested areas. The illness begins with flu-like symptoms, which may include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, backache, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. These symptoms usually subside in a few days, but one person in six enters a second, toxic phase characterized by recurrent fever, vomiting, listlessness, jaundice, kidney failure, and hemorrhage, leading to death in up to half of the cases. There is no treatment.

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

The yellow-fever vaccine is strongly recommended for all travelers to Brazil, except those visiting only Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and the coastal areas south of São Luís. Proof of vaccination is no longer required from travelers arriving from a yellow-fever-infected country in Africa or the Americas. Other Infectious Diseases Schistosomiasis This parasitic infection is acquired by skin exposure to contaminated fresh water; it occurs in almost all states of the Northeast and two states (Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo) in the Southeast. When traveling in these areas, you should avoid swimming, wading, bathing or washing in bodies of fresh water, including lakes, ponds, streams and rivers. Salt water and chlorinated pools carry no risk of schistosomiasis. Environmental Hazards Insect Bites & Stings To prevent mosquito bites, wear long sleeves, long pants, hats and shoes (rather than sandals). Bring along a good insect repellent, preferably one containing DEET, which should be applied to exposed skin and clothing, but not to eyes, mouth, cuts, wounds or irritated skin. Products containing lower concentrations of DEET are as effective, but for shorter periods of time. In general, adults and children over the age of 12 should use preparations containing 25% to 35% DEET, which usually last about six hours. Neurologic toxicity has been reported from DEET, especially in children, but appears to be extremely uncommon and generally related to overuse. Insect repellents containing certain botanical products, including oil of eucalyptus and soybean oil, are effective but last only 1½ to two hours. DEET-containing repellents are preferable for areas where there is a high risk of malaria or yellow fever. Products based on citronella are not effective. For additional protection, you can apply permethrin to clothing, shoes, tents and bed nets. Permethrin treatments are safe and remain effective for at least two weeks, even when items are laundered. Permethrin should not be applied directly to skin. Don’t sleep with the window open unless there is a screen in the window frame. If sleeping outdoors or in accommodations that allow entry of mosquitoes, use a bed net, preferably treated with permethrin, with edges tucked in under the mattress. The mesh size should be smaller than 1.5mm. If the sleeping area is not otherwise protected, use a mosquito coil, which will fill the room with insecticide throughout the night. Repellent-impregnated wristbands are not effective. Snake Bites Snakes and leeches are a hazard in some areas of South America. In the event of a venomous snake bite, place the victim at rest, keep the bitten area immobilized and move the victim immediately to the nearest medical facility. Avoid tourniquets, which are no longer recommended. Tap Water Tap water in Brazilian cities such as Rio and São Paulo is generally safe to drink, but it tastes awful. In remote areas, tap water may be suspect. Many hotels and guesthouses filter their water – be sure to inquire about the status where you’re staying. Vigorous boiling for one minute is the most effective

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

means of water purification, though you can also use a water filter, ultraviolet light (such as a steripen) or iodine pills.

Things to do in Curitiba City/Outdoor/Shopping

Botanical Garden Feira do Largo da Ordem – Sunday morning street Market

Tangua Park UNILIVRE Universidade Livre do Meio Ambiente University built into an old quarry

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Patio Batel – shopping mall Panoramic Tower – observation deck

Shopping Estacao – with train museum Centro Histórico de Curitiba

Ethnic

Deutscher Wald / Bosque Alemao – German Forest Ukranian Memorial, Painted Egg Museum immigrant museum, café with German cakes

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Bairro de Santa Felicidade – Italian neighbor- Curitiba Japanese Gardens hood – wineries, restaurants, chocolate shops Sports & Entertainment

Arena da Baixada – Soccer game Opera de Arame – café, live music on floating stag

Teatro HSBC - Palacio Avenida Museums

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

Oscar Niemeyer Museum of Modern Art Expeditionary Museum – Brazil in WWII

Museu de Arte Indigena – Brazilian Native Art Museu Egipcio Ordem Rosacruz – Eqypt & 17th century mystic belief system

Curitiba Automobile Museum

Sources: • Google Maps • Google Earth • https://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/conteudo/parque-iguacu-zoologico/313

Curitiba Updated 2020-02-15

• https://weatherspark.com/y/29910/Average-Weather-in-Curitiba-Brazil-Year-Round#Sections- BestTime • https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country- Information-Pages/Brazil.html • https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/index.html • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curitiba • https://all.accor.com/hotel/B207/index.en.shtml?utm_campaign=seo+maps&utm_medium=seo +maps&utm_source=google+Maps • https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g303441-Activities-Curitiba_State_of_Parana.html • https://www.lonelyplanet.com/brazil/curitiba/practical-information/health-and- insurance/a/nar/a25da17d-b6fc-4a0a-8f09-3449da51815a/363251 • https://www.destinationtips.com/destinations/13-things-not-to-do-in-brazil/6/ • https://awesomejelly.com/things-you-should-never-do-in-brazil- t2/3/?utm_medium=referral&layout=t2&utm_source=google&utm_campaign=A-t2-aj- ShouldNeverBrazil-d • https://curitibacityplanning.weebly.com/housing.html