National Highway Sector Project

Environmental Assessment Report

Summary Initial Environmental Examination for Peradeniya – Badulla - Chenkaladi (A005) National Highway Project Number: 38357 November 2007

Sri Lanka: National Highway Sector Project

Prepared by [Author(s)] [Firm] [City, Country] Prepared by Road Development Authority for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Prepared for [Executing Agency] [Implementing Agency]

TheThe initial views environmental expressed herein examination are those is of a thedocument consul tantof the and borrower. do not necessarily The views representexpressed those herein of do ADB’s not necessarilymembers, Boardrepresent of Director those s,of Management,ADB’s Board ofor Directors,staff, and mayManagement, be preliminary or staff, in nature. and may be preliminary in nature.

National Highways Sector Project

Improvement and Upgrading

Section from Nuwara Eliya (km 75.5) to Badulla (km 130.3) of

Peradeniya – Badulla - Chenkaladi (A005) National Highway

Summary Initial Environmental Examination Report

Submitted to

Asian Development Bank

November 2007

Road Development Authority Ministry of Highways and Roads Development Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank CEA – Central Environment Authority EMP – environment management plan EMoP – environmental monitoring plan ESD – Environmental and Social Division GSMB – Geological Surveys and Mines Bureau HSNR – Hakgala Strict Natural Reserve LHS – left-hand side NBRO – National Buildings Research Organization PIU – project implementing unit RDA – Road Development Authority ROW – right-of-way SC – supervision consultant

Figure 2.1 Location map of subproject area from Nuwara Eliya to Badulla of A005 highway

End (Badulla)

Start (Nuwara Eliya)

Nuwaraeliya A005 highway

Badulla

Subproject road section of A005 Map 7 Gregory Kale, Hakgala botanical gardens and HSNR

Gregory Lake

A005 highway

Hakgala botanical garden and HSNR area

Summary Initial Environmental Examination

Introduction and Background

1. This document presents the results and conclusions of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) conducted on approximately 55 km section of Peradeniya – Badulla – Chenkaladi (A005) highway, within Nuwara Eliya and Badulla districts of Central and Uva Provinces. The construction works of this subproject is partly funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Loan 2217-SRI: National Highway Sector Project.

2. This IEE report was prepared according to ADB Environmental Guidelines, May 2003. The Central Environmental Authority (CEA) under the provision of National Environmental Act amended by Act 56 of 1988 approved this subproject by issuing the environmental clearance on 1 February 2006.

3. The IEE study covers approximately 55 km section of road the existing road from km 75.5 (at Nuwara Eliya) to km 130.3 (at Badulla). The field survey in connection with the IEE study was conducted during April and May 2007. The study area included the road corridor and the area on either side of the road to be used for improvement works with observation area of about 50m from the centre line of the existing road trace with the following exceptions; (i) for hydrology and drainage the extent was extended to the catchment boundaries of the streams and other drainage paths crossing the road and to the downstream of the stream as far as the effects on the stream exerted by the hydraulic structures such as bridges and culverts and the restrictions created by the road embankments in some segments; (ii) for air, water quality, noise and vibration the study area extend beyond 50 m corridor depending on the intensity of the impacts; (iii) any socially sensitive entity such as school, temple, hospital beyond the 50 m corridor was considered based on the significance of the impact.

4. As this road section traverses adjacent to Gregory Lake Environmentally Protected Zone, Hakgala Botanic Garden and Hakgala Strict Natural Reserve (HSNR) an ecological survey to observe and record terrestrial and aquatic ecology was carried using the following methodology; (1) Direct observations were made to identify the flora and fauna up to 100 m to either side of road and were recorded along with habitat information; (2) A 100m x 5m line transect survey (vegetation) and rapid wildlife assessments were carried out through natural forest within the sanctuary. During the study, 3 line transects were made at different places in natural forest habitat in HSNR. Flora of over 10 cm diameter at breast height in line transects was recorded.

5. Public consultation was also carried out in line with ADB guidelines to establish meaningful feedback from the stake holders. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and an Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) were developed based on best practices of environmental management.

Description of the Project

6. This project is a road rehabilitation and improvement subproject which involves developing the existing road to a standard two-lane status with improvement to road side drainage by reconstructing constructing, improving and extending bridges across 2 streams, lengthening and replacing about 480 culverts. Parking lots/ bus stops and pedestrian walks will also be included at required locations.

7. The present condition within this section of road is very poor. The poor horizontal alignment, narrowness of the carriage way and road surface conditions has led to increase of operational cost of vehicles and travel time of road users between Nuwara Eliya and Badulla. The present traffic volume is about 5,800 vehicles/day at Badulla end and reduces to about 1,000 Vehicles/day over Welimada and Hali Ela sections, which is expected to increase up to about 10,000 and 2,000 vehicles/day2 respectively by 2025.

8. The subproject area is located in Nuwara Eliya and Badulla districts of Central and Uva Provinces, within the Divisional Secretary Divisions of Nuwara Eliya, Welimada, Hali Ela and Badulla.

9. In order to improve the existing road to a standard two lane status, land acquisition at selected sections will be required. The structures within the acquired land will be dismantled; the resettlement plan is being prepared in a separate document. Electricity power lines, telephone lines and water mains within the proposed right-of-way (ROW) will be shifted as and when necessary. The activities will also include; improving drainage within town areas and at other key areas; reconstructing bridges across rivers and streams, rehabilitating numerous culverts; constructing bus stopping areas and vehicle parking areas; and improving road alignment, landscape and accessories.

Description of the Existing Environment

10. The construction of A005 road dates back to the early parts of the last century. The existing carriageway width varies between 7~7.5 m from Nuwara Eliya and gradually reduces to about 5.5~6.5 m between Hakgala and Welimada. Between Welimada and Hali Ela the existing road is extremely narrow between 3.5~4.5 m. But the road width again increases up to about 7~8 m from Hali Ela and Badulla. The first few kilometres of the road passes adjacent to environmentally sensitive areas such as the Gregory lake (between kms 76 and 78) and Hakgala botanical garden and Hakgala Strict Natural Reserve (HSNR, between kms 82 and 83). Towns that are passed by the road between Nuwara Eliya and Badulla are Sita Eliya, Keppettipola, Welimada, Ettampitiya and Hali Ela. Except for the townships the road winds mainly through areas of forest and few agricultural lands (vegetable plots) and home gardens.

11. A major portion of the subproject area falls within the eastern parts of the upcountry intermediate zone. The subproject area receives an annual rainfall between 1500 and 2000 mm. High rainfall peaks are common in the months of November and December during the North East Monsoon with an annual average temperature in the range of 15 to 25 0C. The entire subproject area could be categorized as low noise area.

12. In the hilly area, the soil is dominated by Red Yellow Podzolic type and Mountain Regosols type could also be observed at few locations along the trace, especially close to the border of Nuwara Eliya administrative district. Geology of the area could be classified as “Highland Sires” with garnet- sillimanite, schist and gneiss, quartz feldspar, granulite, charnokitic gneiss, pyriclasite, pyroxenes and amphibolites etc. Traces of Marble, commonly dolomiteic; calcyphyre (diopside-scapolite, pyroxene amphibolite are found close to Badulla. The National Buildings Research Organization (NBRO) has 3 identified sections 91km to 93km, 104km to 107km, 109km to 114km and 117km to 122km as the landslide prone along A005 highway. Several landslides have occurred along this road in the recent past.

13. Major streams intercepted by this road are, Nanu Oya (at bridge No. 77/8), Kuda Oya (at bridge No. 100/6) and Mahatotilla Oya (at kms 106.7). The road traverse along the bank of Gregory lake for about one and a half kilometres from km 76 and Dougolla Oya flows parallel on the left-hand side (LHS) of the road between Welimada up to about kms 108. There are numerous small streams that crosses through the culverts and many of them are seasonal due being located in the intermediate zone of the country.

14. Gregory lake environmentally protected zone, Hakgala botanical garden and HSNR area are the most important ecological habitats located beside this road section. With respect to floral and faunal distribution six habitat types were identified as; Natural Forest, Aquatic and Associated Vegetation, Agriculture Lands and Forest Plantations, Home Garden, Disturbed or Degraded Lands, Road Side Vegetation.

15. A total of 137 plant species that belong to 62 families were observed during the study, these include 29 endemic and five nationally threatened species. A total of 93 aquatic and terrestrial faunal species were also recorded which included a single species of snails, nine species of butterflies, six species of fish, five species of amphibians, 10 species of reptiles, 40 species of birds and 22 species of mammals. From the total recorded fauna eight species are endemic and two species belongs to threatened category according to IUCN 1999 National threatened list.

16. Tourism is a major industry in Nuwara Eliya. Brewing is another commercial activity that is carried out in Nuwara Eliya. Nuwara Eliya is also famous for growing upcountry vegetables (especially potatoes) and floriculture. Vegetable and potato cultivation is the main livelihood activity of the people in the road stretch from Hakgala to Hali Ela. Tea cultivation is prominent in the areas close to Welimada and Ettampitiya. In Badulla people grow minor export crops in their home gardens. Paddy cultivation is done in slope lands using traditional terrace system at different locations.

17. Electricity supply is available to the households who live along this road section, except in forest areas. Pipe water is available to residents from Nuwara Eliya to Hakgala, to about 2 km from Keppettipola town, to about 3 km from Welimada town and from Hali Ela town to Badulla. People living in other areas depend on streams and springs for water. Telecommunication facilities are available to the population living along the road trace through fixed cable lines (in certain areas such as Nuwara Eliya, Welimada and Badulla) and through wireless network systems such as Dialog and Mobitel.

18. Both public and private transport facilities in the form of busses are available to the people along the subproject road. Rural distributor / access roads that branch off from A005 provides access to rural communities living in those areas to better infrastructure facilities of health and education. Lorries and trucks are also available as means of transporting vegetables, fruits and flowers to other areas of the country especially from Nuwara Eliya. Railway stations are located at Hali Elia and Badulla which provides transport facilities from trains. Railway is also a prominent source of transport especially for goods.

19. Communities living in Nuwara Eliya, Welimada and Badulla could be defined as urban while Keppettipola, Ettampitiya, Hakgala and Hali Ela are semi-urban in nature. Majority of the communities living in the area are Sinhalese (70%), while 25% are Tamil and remaining are Muslims. The different religious groups among the three communities reported include 70% Buddhist, 20% Hindu, 5% Islamic and 5% Christians. The employment pattern of the subproject area is as follows; 40% in agriculture, 20% in agriculture based labour, 15% in private sector, 10% in government sector, 10% in business and 5% in different self employment activities other than business.

20. Children in the study area have access to proper educational facilities located in Nuwara Eliya, Keppettipola, Welimada and Badulla. Communities living in the immediate vicinity of the road benefits through district hospital in Nuwara Eliya, rural hospital in Keppettipola and Ettampittiya, government hospitals at Welimada and Hali Ela, District Hospital at Badulla. A Medical Officer of Health Offices dealing with preventive health care facilities is also located within the immediate vicinity of the road in Welimada. People in the subproject influence also have access to teaching hospitals at Kandy and Peradeniya.

21. Twenty three religious places are located within the 100 m corridor were studied. Out of these places Sita Eliya Hindu temple and the temple at Hakgala are located about 2~3 m from the edge of the existing road.

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

1. Environmental impacts associated with preconstruction and construction stages

a. Land acquisition and removal of structures in the acquired lands for road widening

22. Acquisition of sections of private land will be required in order to widen the road at sections where the existing road is narrow and the existing ROW is not adequate to do any road widening operations. The resettlement plan is being prepared to address and handle land acquisition. Acquiring cultivation plots, home gardens and paddy lands (close to Keppettipola, Welimada areas) if required will also have an impact on the farmers’ livelihood. The Hindu temple at Sita Eliya and the temple at Hakgala which are located about 2~3 m from the edge of the existing may also be affected due to the acquisition of land for road widening.

23. Shifting the new centre line towards LHS for the road along the Hakgala botanical garden area will remove the necessity of encroaching towards the botanical garden and avoid any impact to the botanic garden area.

b. Alteration of surface water hydrology of water ways

24. Alterations of surface water hydrology of water ways during construction phase is temporary in nature and reconstruction of twelve bridges and about 480 culverts along the trace based on proper design standards; constructing during dry weather flow; constructing side drains and clearing lead ways drains before construction work commence will restore the normal flow of water in the streams.

c. Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff, emissions and spoil from worker camps

25. Deterioration of surface water quality especially in Gregory lake and Daugolla Oya due to silt runoff, emissions and spoil from worker camps and other construction activities will be mitigated through inclusion of suitable clauses in the EMP and contract specifications such as placing silt traps, storing all material at secure and well managed sites away from water bodies.

26. Conditions given under section 7 (Visual Environment) of CEA conditional clearance document in setting up of labour camps should be implemented.

d. Increase of local air pollution, noise and vibration

27. To improve air quality affected by dust, measures such as using water sprinklers, covering of stock piles, etc will be used at quarries, storage areas and construction sites. Workers camps should be located away from sensitive areas (Gregory lake, Hakgala botanical garden, HSNR, schools and places of worship). Worker camps should be provided with good sanitary and garbage disposal facilities.

28. Limiting operations to times when they have least impacts, ensuring that construction plant and equipment is maintained to a high standard, and that exhaust baffles are fitted and maintained in a high serviceable condition will minimize noise and vibration impacts.

e. Extraction and transportation of construction material

29. Impacts due to extraction and transportation of construction materials will include; dust, noise and vibration nuisance, respiratory problems and accidental risks if such sites are located close to any settlement area; breeding of disease spreading vectors (as mosquitoes) could occur if burrow pits are left to fill water. Such impacts could be mitigated by use of quarries approved by Geological Surveys and Mines Bureau (GSMB). Utilizing sand deposited on reservoir banks of Mahaweli reservoirs such as Randenigala and Rantambe under the supervision of GSMB could minimize impacts of sand mining. The mitigation measures stipulated in the EMP should be incorporated in to the contract documents.

f. Impacts to other infrastructure facilities (electricity, water supply and telecommunication)

30. Use of trained and experience operators to man construction equipment, proper coordination with concerned authorities, advance notice to public about the times that the utility services will be disrupted could offset the impacts on public utilities such as electricity power lines and water mains.

g. Compaction of soil

31. Limiting the movement and stationing of plant and vehicles to the ROW and specific sites where appropriate leases have been negotiated and/ or clearance obtained could mitigate the impacts of compaction of soil in lands outside the proposed ROW. 6

h. Landslide Impacts

32. Sections from 91km to 93km, 104km to 107km, 109km to 114km, 117km to 122km and at 120km along A005 have been identified as landslide prone areas by NBRO. Construction of retaining walls, avoidance of un-necessary removal of vegetative cover, adopting the specifications given in the “Guidelines for Construction in Landslide Prone Areas” by NBRO, introduction of grasses like Vetiver or use of other geo-fabrics to cover slopes, Incorporating the conditions given under section 4 on “Soil Conservation” and 6 on “ Landslide prone areas” of the CEA conditional clearance, which stipulates the necessity of developing a soil management plan in consultation with National Resources Management Centre of Department of Agriculture will mitigate the adverse impacts due to instability of slopes.

i. Impacts due to blasting of rock outcrops along the road trace

33. Risks of accidents, cracking of nearby structures and excessive rock fracturing from blasting could occur if uncontrolled blasting is conducted. Controlled blasting should be carried out by experienced workers using adequate blasting strength. If blasting is to be done near schools, such activities should be avoided during school hours as stated under section 3.5 of CEA conditional clearance. Necessary warnings, security measures, safety nets, temporary evacuation of people in the vicinity should be carried out before blasting operations are conducted in order to minimize the negative impacts.

j. Impacts due to migrant labour, poor sanitation at worker camps, work sites and disposal of spoil

34. Use of locally available labour, strict labour supervision, conducting of awareness programmes and counseling, assurance that arrangements for worker camps are satisfactory in terms of hygiene, cleanliness and safety, providing sufficient labour welfare, will resolve any potential conflicts that may be caused by migrant labour with the local communities.

k. Ecological impacts

35. Destruction and disturbance to flora and fauna (especially adjacent to Gregory lake, Hakgala botanical garden and HSNR) could occur due to construction activities and migrant labour population working for the subproject. The followings are mitigation measures that needs to be implemented to minimize environmental impact on the Gregory lake, Hakgal Botanical Garden, and HNSR: (i) employing an erosion control measures and silt traps at construction sites to avoid soil erosion and siltation of water bodies (especially near Gregory lake and Daugolla Oya), (ii) adhering to the conditions stipulated in the CEA environmental clearance (section 5) to protect forest and wildlife reserve areas from disposal of construction waste, (iii) avoiding unnecessary removal of trees and other important vegetation due to construction activities, (iv)providing necessary instructions to the equipment operators by contractor not to destroy ground vegetation cover unnecessarily, (v) prohibiting collection of fire wood from the forest areas by construction workers, and (vi) regular and adequate supply of LPG or kerosene to worker camps; strict labour supervision will minimize the impacts on flora and fauna during construction stage. 7

36. If it is extremely necessary to remove trees, it is recommended to replant specimen species of tress that are removed at the nearest location possible, replanting at least five plants for each tree to be felled will be required. Such compensatory tree planting should be attended for about two years to promote survival of the replanted specimens.

l. Disruption to traffic

37. Providing advance information to the public about the planned construction works, use of flagmen and/or temporary traffic lights to control traffic flows at constricted sites, including safe crossing for pedestrians especially near town areas and schools will minimize the impacts on the existing traffic and could avoid an accident.

m. Site safety

38. Training and briefing of workers on safety precautions, their responsibility for their safety and the safety of others; provision of protective clothing and equipment to workers; ensuring that vehicle and equipment are operated by trained and experience operators; arranging for provisions of first aid facilities, rapid availability of trained paramedical personnel and emergency transport to nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities; allocation of responsibility to ensure that these arrangements are kept in place; arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material; and allocation of responsibility will ensure the safety of public and workers involved in the subproject.

2. Screening of potential environmental impacts during operational stage

a. Impacts on nearby water bodies

39. Designing the drains to withstand appropriate storm events will reduce the risk of any operational failure of the drainage system and regular maintenance will further reduce the chances of failure of the drainage system.

b. Road safety

40. Provision of centreline road marking and studs, edge delineation on wider pavements, guard railing and chevron markers on bends; provision of sealed shoulders where cycle and other slow and non-motorised traffic is significant; provision of kerbed footpaths through settlement areas and pedestrian crossings; provision of bus bays, parking bays and rest areas with proper signing; provision of clearly marked signing at townships, sensitive areas such as schools, temples; and enforcement of speed limits and other traffic rules, especially within the town limits should be enforced to ensure road safety.

c. Impacts on Hakgala botanical garden and HSNR

41. With improved road infrastructure more tourists will come to Hakgala botanical garden and HSNR, which will be a beneficial impact to the country. Applying stipulations 8 given under section 5 of CEA conditional clearance will mitigate the impacts to fauna due to increase vehicle traffic during operational stage of the subproject.

d. Impacts on air quality and noise

42. Higher speed limits will reduce the travel time through the area and better road alignment will reduce the number of accelerations and decelerations in travelling thereby reduce the emissions to the air. The subproject is therefore expected to have a positive effect on overall air quality.

e. Improvements to traffic flow

43. With proper alignment and visibility, vehicles will be able to travel at higher speeds, there by the travel time and operational cost of vehicles, especially the trucks that carry vegetables, tea and flowers to other areas from Nuwara Eliya, Welimada, Badulla, and busses that transport public will be reduced.

44. Damage to the road surface would occur if overloaded trucks travel along the improved road. Formulation of a management plan to avoid any truck to take loads that exceed the loading capacity of the developed road. Regular maintenance to suppress the deterioration of road surface by developing pot holes on the road surface, drainage failure would mitigate the adverse impacts due to improved traffic flow. It is also important to consider the conditions given under section 7 of the CEA clearance to restore the visual beauty along the trace.

Institutional Requirements and Environmental Management Plan

45. The EMP, attached as Appendix 1, was developed based on the best practices on environmental management during preconstruction, construction and operational stages of the subproject. Monitoring environmental parameters to monitor implementation of mitigation measures suggested for the potentially significant impacts mentioned in the previous section will be based on the EMoP, attached as Appendix 2. The data collected during preconstruction stage (on different environmental parameters) will provide baseline information on the existing conditions which could be used to compare the changes in quality levels during construction and operational phases. Such a comparison will reflect how effective the EMP is and help to revise it to rectify any shortcomings that will cause any adverse impacts. It is expected that RDA will provide adequate budgetary support to ESD to ensure timely and adequate monitoring of implementation of environmental mitigation measures as described in the EMP and also implementation of CEA’s conditions of issuing the environmental clearance.

46. The responsibility of implementing the EMP, especially in handling environmental impacts related with construction works will be with the contractor. The supervision consultant (SC) working under the project implementing unit (PIU) will directly supervise the contractor in implementing the EMP, while the PIU will have the overall responsibility of monitoring the implementation of EMP. Environmental and Social Division (ESD) of Road Development Authority (RDA) will act as an independent monitoring unit within the RDA, monitoring the implementation of environmental safeguards measures. ESD will directly report to the general manager. Progress reports prepared by SC will be submitted to ESD for review through the PIU. ESD will endorse these reports prior to submitting to CEA, ADB and other relevant institutions. In the event the subproject 9 creates a complex environmental impact ESD will discuss with the PIU to review and decide whether independent external monitoring will be required.

47. This subproject has been approved by CEA. Therefore, the Environmental Management Committee of CEA will undertake the overall monitoring plan. Within RDA, ESD will work closely with CEA in overall monitoring of the subproject.

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure

48. Interviews were held with community leaders and few focus group discussions were held with the public. Key government officers at Divisional Secretariat Offices, Grama Niladari Offices, Samurdhi Niyamaka Offices and Agriculture Extension and Production Assistants’ offices were also interviewed.

Findings and Recommendations

49. Findings of the study could be summarized as follows: (i) the environmental impacts related with the proposed works are insignificant and manageable as they are mostly construction related impacts which are temporary. However, implementation of the mitigation measures to minimize impacts to flora and fauna needs to strictly implemented especially close to Gregory lake, Hakgala botanical garden and HSNR. The slope stability is needed for areas along the road that have been identified as landslide prone areas. In addition, careful monitoring of the implementation of mitigation measures especially during the construction is required.

50. Monitoring environmental quality (air quality, noise and water quality) should be carried out during subproject preconstruction stage to establish the baseline of parameters for checking during the construction and operational stages.

Conclusions

51. The IEE concludes that the subproject will not cause significant problems and the potential adverse impacts are manageable through the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. Therefore, an Environmental Impact Assessment will not be required.

Environmental Management Plan for Rehabilitation and Developing of Nuwara Eliya - Badulla Section of A005 Highway

1 Appendix Potential Mitigatory Action Approximate Mitigation Cost Institutional Institutional Indicators or Standards Environmental Environmental Location Responsibility Responsibility Means of Parameters to Impact (Implementation) (Supervision) Verification be Reflected in

the EMoP Preconstruction and Construction Stage Effects on private Acquisition of private land Locations in Describe in the Describe in the Land Acquisition and Describe in the Describe in None property and to the minimum which sections of Resettlement Resettlement Resettlement resettlement the religious sites due requirement. Private lands Action Plan Action Plan Division of RDA action plan resettlement to acquisition of Implementation of the with cultivation action plan land and entitlement matrix of the plots, home demolishing Resettlement Action Plan gardens and structures within for the subproject, under paddy lands the acquired lands which compensatory (close to measures are determined Keppettiploa, with the affected Welimada areas) community. which may be Restoration of any public acquired. property (such as temples, Hindu shrines and bus Hindu temple stops) in consultation with (Sita Eliya) and religious leaders and the the temple community leaders of the (Hakgala ) may area. also be affected due to the acquisition of land for road widening.

Shifting the new centre line PIU and Design RDA through ESD No towards LHS within consultant encroachment Hakgala botanical garden of the sensitive area will remove the areas necessity of encroaching towards the botanical garden and avoid any impact to the botanic garden area Alteration of Drainage studies to check Bridge nos; Engineering Contractor RDA/ PIU with Visual Technical Water quality surface hydrology adequacy of opening size; Cost assistance from inspection Specifications ( turbidity) due to follow design specifications 77/8, 82/1, ESD Check reconstruction of when reconstructing 90/1, 100/6, conformity to

Potential Mitigatory Action Approximate Mitigation Cost Institutional Institutional Indicators or Standards Environmental Environmental Location Responsibility Responsibility Means of Parameters to Impact (Implementation) (Supervision) Verification be Reflected in the EMoP culverts and bridges and culverts; 101/2, 102/2, construction bridges providing additional cross 106/2, 108/1, plans. drainage where road is to 110/1, 120/3, be placed on embankment; 125/4 and Check Use 1m x 1m box and conformity to 129/4 along the 900mm diameter culverts contractor’s as minimum culvert size; trace method construction to be done statement. during dry weather flow; All culverts constructing side drains (about 480 in and clearing lead ways number) that are drains before construction marked to be work commence. replaced in the The upstream and lead- detailed designs away channels of the bridge and culvert structures should be cleaned before reconstruction of the structure in order to allow smooth flow and avoid drainage congestion. When constructing the bridges and culverts the RDA should adopt the “Bridge design manual of RDA” Release of silt from Construction activities Locations along Engineering Contractor RDA Measure degree Technical Water Quality earth works should be carried out the trace where cost Supervision of compaction specifications ( Turbidity, Total operations, bridge during non rainy days, earth works, Consultant will given in the Dissolved Solids) and culvert Reuse of soil from cut bridge and directly supervise in Visual design replacement slopes for filling (as much culvert the field; PIU and inspection of documents operations; as possible), construction will ESD will monitor the ground cover,

Emissions from Installation of silt traps prior take place implementation of establishment of 1 Appendix vehicles and to the commencement of (especially close mitigation measures. silt traps, water equipment (such as earthwork activity where to Gregory Lake, quality oil, grease), spills earthworks take place Daugolla Oya); (appearance, and leakages from adjacent to water bodies, Material storage smell) material stores and Removal of all temporary depots, vehicle toilet facilities of soil dumps from site to a servicing Visual

worker camps suitable disposal place, workshops, inspection to 11 could deteriorate covering of temporary soil worker camps check

Potential Mitigatory Action Approximate Mitigation Cost Institutional Institutional Indicators or Standards Environmental 12 Environmental Location Responsibility Responsibility Means of Parameters to Impact (Implementation) (Supervision) Verification be Reflected in

the EMoP 1 Appendix the surface water dumps with thick polythene and construction conformity to quality sheet if they are left at the sites construction site for a long times, plans

Temporary soil dumps should not be placed near Check water bodies, Proper conformity to compaction of all fills, back contractor’s fills and slopes method Establishment of suitable statement. local drainage measures to properly drain the water in the construction area to the nearby waterway Establishment of suitable mulch to cover the slopes of fills, Storing all materials (including toxic and hazardous material) required for construction at secure and managed sites, sited away from water bodies Proper maintenance of vehicles and equipment in good operable condition, ensuring no undue leakage of oil or fuel. Servicing vehicles and equipment at properly managed and equipped workshops and collection and disposal of waste oil at approved locations, Sanitation arrangements at worksites and any accommodation facilities for workers’ accommodation, ensuring that no raw sewage is released into drains or water bodies. Conditions given under section 7 (Visual

Potential Mitigatory Action Approximate Mitigation Cost Institutional Institutional Indicators or Standards Environmental Environmental Location Responsibility Responsibility Means of Parameters to Impact (Implementation) (Supervision) Verification be Reflected in the EMoP Environment) of CEA conditional clearance document in setting up of labour camps should be incorporated in to tender documents. Emissions of dust Sitting of hot mix plant at Sections of road Engineering Contractor RDA Check National Noise/Vibration and exhaust fumes locations distant from passing through cost Supervision conformity to Environmental levels from construction settlement areas, settlement areas, Consultant will contractor’s Act; regulations vehicles; Procurement of high quality noise sensitive directly supervise in method for noise control Air quality noise and plant, maintenance of plant locations such as the field. statement of 1996 parameters vibrations nuisance in good condition and places of (Gazette no. (SPM, PM10) from construction operated by well trained worship, schools PIU and ESD will Verify number & 924/12) operations and experienced staff, and Hakgala monitor. nature of social maintenance of plant and botanical garden complaints. vehicles in compliance with Within the road national emission section standards, fitting of exhaust baffles, limiting construction operations to times when they have the least impact, avoiding construction operations during days of religious importance, regular sprinkling of water on surface, covering the construction sites at windy locations to avoid dust blowing

All construction work within kms 80 and 83 (Hakgala botanical garden and

HSNR area) should be 1 Appendix carried out with the permission and supervision of Department of Wildlife Conservation and Forest Department; No night work should be undertaken

within kms 80 and 83; 13 Awareness should be

Potential Mitigatory Action Approximate Mitigation Cost Institutional Institutional Indicators or Standards Environmental 14 Environmental Location Responsibility Responsibility Means of Parameters to Impact (Implementation) (Supervision) Verification be Reflected in

the EMoP 1 Appendix created among the contractor staff and advice them not to create

unnecessary noise during construction, Blasting arrangements should be coordinated with GSMB and bulk blasting which creates high noise should be avoided. Dust, noise, Utilizing quarry sites and Material Engineering Contractor Supervision Check Environmental Air Quality vibrations , damage burrow pits approved by extraction sites, cost Consultant will conformity to Protection Standards to land, visual GSMB and local authorities minor roads that directly supervise in EPL License, impacts, stagnation operating with an EPL, are used to the field. GSMB of water in borrow obtaining prior approval transport material Check guidelines for pits and damage to from GSMB and local PIU and ESD will conformity to quarry operation other roads due to authorities if new sites are monitor contractor’s extraction and to be opened (as stated method transportation of under section 3 of CEA statement. construction clearance document), use materials of crushed blasted rock outcrops as source of metal, no pits should be left in quarry sites to gather stagnant water, Standard precautionary measures should be adopted in blasting operations, Tree plantation should be carried out in order to restore the scenic beauty of such sites. Advising the contractor to select material extraction sites that have roads which have capacity to be used by heavy trucks and keeping provisions for repairing and restoration of such roads by the contractor in the contract document, use of covers

Potential Mitigatory Action Approximate Mitigation Cost Institutional Institutional Indicators or Standards Environmental Environmental Location Responsibility Responsibility Means of Parameters to Impact (Implementation) (Supervision) Verification be Reflected in the EMoP over transported materials to guard against dust blow and water spraying to dampen the surface Severance of Proper coordination with Throughout the Engineering Contractor RDA/ PIU; CEB, Inspection of Standards and None utilities during agencies that supply these trace where cost NWS&DB, SLT shifting conditions construction due to utilities such as CEB, electricity, water operations stipulated by the relocation and NWS&DB, SLT when and concerned accidental damage shifting the supply lines; telecommunicatio agencies Ensure that construction n supply lines machinery are operated by need to be experienced operators shifted under strict supervision; Providing advance notice to the public on date & time of disruption of supply Compaction of soil Limiting the movement and Throughout the Engineering Contractor Supervision Verify number of None None beyond the stationing of plant and road trace cost Consultant will public proposed ROW to vehicles to the ROW and directly supervise in complaints be widened and specific sites where the field. causing impacts to appropriate leases have the scenic beauty been negotiated and/ or PIU and ESD will of lands clearance obtained monitor Risk of slope failure Slopes should be protected Road section Design and Contractor Supervision Visual Standards and Turbidity of due to road against erosion and within the hilly Engineering Consultant will inspection of measures surface water in widening activities degradation by using area, however costs directly supervise in establishment of stipulated in the nearby streams natural vegetation cover, special attention the field. vegetative cover soil and other water geo-fabrics, geo-grids etc. should be paid at management bodies Drainage lines and water locations PIU and ESD will plan pipes should be located between 91km to monitor away from the crest 93km, 104km to Construction of retaining 107km, 109km to walls, avoidance of un- 114km, 117km to

necessary removal of 122km and at 1 Appendix vegetative cover, 120km as these Adopting the specifications locations have given in the “Guidelines for been identified Construction in Landslide by NBRO as Prone Areas” by NBRO, landslide prone introduce Grasses like location along

Vetiver or use of other geo- the trace 15

fabrics to cover slopes,

Potential Mitigatory Action Approximate Mitigation Cost Institutional Institutional Indicators or Standards Environmental 16 Environmental Location Responsibility Responsibility Means of Parameters to Impact (Implementation) (Supervision) Verification be Reflected in

the EMoP 1 Appendix Incorporating the conditions given under section 4 of the conditional clearance of

CEA in contract documents Ricks of accidents, Controlled blasting should At locations Design and Contractor Supervision Check for National Air quality cracking of nearby be carried out by where blasting is Engineering Consultant will appearance of Environmental structures and experienced workers using to be carried out costs directly supervise in any cracks on Act; regulations Noise levels excessive rock adequate blasting strength. the field. structures due to for noise control fracturing from Necessary warnings, blasting of 1996 blasting security measures, safety PIU and ESD of operations (Gazette no. nets, temporary evacuation RDA and GSMB will 924/12) of people in the vicinity monitor Directives of Proposed should be carried out local authorities Vibration before blasting operations & other line standards for are conducted agencies ( e.g. Sri Lanka If blasting is to be done Local Police) stipulated by near schools, such CEA activities should be avoided during school hours as stated under section 3.5 of CEA conditional clearance. Using of explosives to the strength required for the blasting will help to minimize any damage to near by structures due to vibrations. Social problems Use of locally available At all locations Engineering Contractor RDA/ Awareness None Water quality owing to migrant labour; where labour cost Supervision creation on parameters (E. worker populations Strict labour supervision; camps are consultant will labour about coli) Conducting of awareness placed supervise in the field behaviour, programmes and communal counseling; PIU, ESD and Local diseases etc. Assurance that Authorities will arrangements for worker monitor Test water camps are satisfactory in quality terms of hygiene, degradation cleanliness and safety, owing to solid Providing sufficient labour waste disposal, welfare. bad sanitary practices; Visual inspection of

Replanting at least 5 good specimens of same tree species (having > 4 cm DBH) for each tree removed. Compensatory tree planting shall be attended for about two years to promote survival of the replanted specimens. Replanting should be as near as

possible to the removal 1 Appendix location and if larger areas of trees are to be cleared, compensatory planting could take place off site but at a ratio and replacement measures agreed with DoF

Regular and adequate fuel 17 supplies of LPG or

Potential Mitigatory Action Approximate Mitigation Cost Institutional Institutional Indicators or Standards Environmental 18 Environmental Location Responsibility Responsibility Means of Parameters to Impact (Implementation) (Supervision) Verification be Reflected in

the EMoP 1 Appendix kerosene to worker camps in order to avoid workers scavenging for fuel wood in

forest areas. No material storage sites or worker camps should be located within Gregory lake and Daugolla Oya areas. Temporary barriers such as sand bags between the lake, stream and road should be established during construction time (especially rainy season) which could avoid material ingress into the lake and stream. Disruption to traffic Providing advance Along the road Engineering Contractor RDA/ Visual None None due to construction information to the public trace where cost Supervision inspection of operations about the planned existing culverts consultant will construction construction works, and bridges are supervise in the field activities; Use of flagmen and/or to be temporary traffic lights to reconstructed as PIU and Local Recording the control traffic flows at stated in the Authorities will amount of public constricted sites, including finalized designs monitor complaints safe crossing for arising due to pedestrians especially near disruption of town areas and schools traffic Safety hazards to Training and briefing of Along the road Engineering Contractor RDA/ Visual Contractor’s None workers and public workers on safety trace at cost Supervision inspection of safety precautions, their construction consultant will implementing of standards responsibility for their sites, worker supervise in the field proper warning safety and the safety of camps and signs to workers others; blasting sites PIU and Local and public Provision of protective Authorities will clothing and equipment to monitor Check whether workers; workers are Ensuring that vehicle and provided with equipment are operated by proper clothing trained and experience required for operators; construction Arranging for provisions of work first aid facilities, rapid

Potential Mitigatory Action Approximate Mitigation Cost Institutional Institutional Indicators or Standards Environmental Environmental Location Responsibility Responsibility Means of Parameters to Impact (Implementation) (Supervision) Verification be Reflected in the EMoP availability of trained paramedical personnel and emergency transport to nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities; Allocation of responsibility to ensure that these arrangements are kept in place; Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material and allocation of responsibility Operational Stage Risks of pollution Designing the drains to Throughout the To be RDA, concerned RDA Regular Standard water quality and flooding of withstand appropriate storm trace where new determined by provincial offices inspection of specifications water bodies by events will reduce the risk bridges and RDA an to be maintenance for construction failures in the road of any operational failure of culverts have incorporated as work and drainage system the drainage system and been constructed maintenance maintenance of regular maintenance will cost for the roads and further reduce the chances subproject bridges of RDA of failure Safety of road and Provision of centreline road Throughout the Engineering RDA RDA, Local Monitor the None None roadside users and marking and studs, edge road trace and Authorities and number of road residents delineation on wider maintenance police side accidents pavements, guard railing cost and chevron markers on bends; Provision of sealed shoulders where cycle and other slow and non- motorised traffic is

significant; 1 Appendix Provision of kerbed footpaths through settlement areas and pedestrian crossings; Provision of bus bays, parking bays and rest areas

with proper signing; 19

Provision of clearly marked

Potential Mitigatory Action Approximate Mitigation Cost Institutional Institutional Indicators or Standards Environmental 20 Environmental Location Responsibility Responsibility Means of Parameters to Impact (Implementation) (Supervision) Verification be Reflected in

the EMoP 1 Appendix signing at townships, sensitive areas such as schools, temples;

Enforcement of speed limits and other traffic rules, especially within the town limits Impacts on air Clear signing should be Along the road Engineering RDA RDA in collaboration Check air National Air quality quality and noise placed at sensitive areas trace especially cost with local police and quality Environmental parameters and such as schools and at schools and CEA parameters and (Noise noise level places of worship to warn places of worship noise levels Control) drivers and avoid making Regulations, unnecessary horn signals NAAQS Damage to the road Formulation of a Throughout the Maintenance RDA in RDA provincial Traffic load Standard None surface due to management plan to avoid road trace cost collaboration with office, local police studies specifications traveling of over any truck to take loads that local police for loaded trucks exceed the loading capacity construction of the developed road. and Regular maintenance to maintenance suppress the deterioration of roads and of road surface by bridges of developing pot holes on the RDA road surface, drainage failure; Applying the conditions given under section 7 of the CEA clearance to restore the visual beauty along the trace

CEB= Ceylon Electricity Board, DoF= Department of Forestry, EMoP= Environmental Monitoring Plan, EO= Environmental Officer, EPL= Environmental Protection License, GOSL = Government of Sri Lanka, GSMB= Geological Survey and Mines Bureau, HSNR = Hakgala Strict Natural Reserve, LA= Local authority, LHS = left-hand side, NAAQS= National Air Quality Standards, NRMC = Natural Resource Management Centre, NWS&DB= National Water Supply & Drainage Board, PIU= Project Implementation Unit, RDA= Road Development Authority, SLT = Sri Lanka Telecom.

Notes: 1. Mitigation costs are intermingled with the road rehabilitation costs (i.e. the cost of civil engineering works). Cost for environmental monitoring is indicated in the Monitoring Plan. 2. Contract document references for necessary environmental impact mitigation stipulations should be included at the preparation stage of contract documents.

Environmental Monitoring Plan for Nuwara Eliya to Badulla Section of A005 Highway

Environmental Parameters to Approximate Project Stage Location Frequency Standards Rate Implementation Supervision component be Monitored cost (SRs)

5 locations 82km (Hakgala botanical garden), 94km RDA through Design -1 Design, (Keppettipola Supervision SPM, PM10, Construction - Construction town), NAAQS of Sri SRs 41,000 1,435,000 consultant with NOx, CO, SO , 3 Contractor stage 2 99km Lanka per Sample close Pb times/Yr for (Welimada consultation 2 Yrs town), with ESD Air 124km Quality ( Hali Ela town), 130km (Badulla town)

Operation SPM, NOx, CO, 3 locations 2 times NAAQS of Sri SRs 41,000 246,000 RDA through stage HC, Pb, SO2 82km (Hakgala Lanka per Sample ESD botanical garden), 99km(Welimada town), 130km (Badulla town) Water Quality Design, EC, pH, DO, 5 locations Design – 1 CEA Water SRs. 13,000 325,000 Contractor RDA through Construction TSS, BOD, Oil 77/8 Construction – Quality per sample Supervision stage and grease, (Nanu Oya), 2 times/Yr for Regulations consultant with lead, E.Coli. 102/2 (Labutota 2 Yrs close Bridge) consultation 108/1 with ESD (Girambaya 2 Appendix Bridge) 125/4 (Hali Ela Bridge) 129/4

(Maha Bokkuwa)

Operation EC, pH, DO, 3 locations 2 times CEA Water SRs. 13,000 78,000 RDA through 21

Environmental Parameters to Approximate Project Stage Location Frequency Standards Rate Implementation Supervision component be Monitored cost (SRs) Appendix 2 Appendix

stage TSS, BOD, Oil 77/8 Quality per sample ESD and grease, (Nanu Oya), Regulations lead, E.Coli. 108/1 (Girambaya Bridge) 129/4 (Maha Bokkuwa) Noise levels Design dB levels 5 locations Design -1 National SRs. 10,000 250,000 Contractor RDA through Construction 82km Construction- Environmental Per sample Supervision stage (Hakgala 2 times/Yr for (Noise Control) consultant with botanical garden) 2 Yrs Regulations close 94km consultation (Keppettipola with ESD town) 99km (Welimada town) 124km ( Hali Ela town) 130km (Badulla town) Operation dB levels 3 locations 2 times SRs. 10,000 60,000 stage 82km (Hakgala per sample botanical National garden), Environmental RDA through 99km(Welimada (Noise Control) ESD town), Regulations 130km (Badulla town) Flora Design and Number of tree Sporadic Trees 1 visit Diversity of SRs. 20,000 20,000 RDA, PIU in RDA through construction specimens to be felled all species per visit coordination ESD with Stage replanted along the route, with DoF and close by paying special DWLC coordination attention to, with DoF, 76km DWLC, and LA (Lake Gregory) 82km (Hakgala botanical garden) Operation Survival rate of All along route at 1 visit Percentage SRs. 20,000 20,000 RDA through stage replanted desired places survival per visit ESD, in

Environmental Parameters to Approximate Project Stage Location Frequency Standards Rate Implementation Supervision component be Monitored cost (SRs)

specimen trees and, coordination 76km with DoF and (Lake Gregory) DWLC 82km (Hakgala botanical garden) Fauna Design Stage Diversity of Fauna presence 1 visit As directed by SRs. 20,000 20,000 RDA, PIU in RDA through species and movement DWLC per visit coordination ESD with especially at with DoF and close 76km DWLC coordination (Lake Gregory) with DoF, 82km DWLC, and LA (Hakgala botanical garden) Diversity of Fauna presence 2 visit As directed by SRs. 20,000 40,000 RDA, PIU in RDA through species and movement DWLC per visit coordination ESD with especially at with DWLC and close Construction 76km DoF coordination Stage (Lake Gregory) with DoF, 82km DWLC, and LA (Hakgala botanical garden) Operation Diversity of Fauna presence 2 visit As directed by SRs. 20,000 40,000 RDA through Stage Species and movement DWLC per visit ESD in especially at coordination 76km with DWLC and (Lake Gregory) DoF 82km (Hakgala botanical garden) SRs 2,534,000 Total (US$ 23,036.36) Appe CO=carbon monoxide, DoF= Department of Forestry, DWLC= Department of Wildlife Conservation, ESD= Environment and Social Division, HC=hydrocarbons,

LA= Local authority, NAAQS= National Air Quality Standards, NOx=oxides of nitrogen, Pb=lead, PIU= Project Implementation Unit, PM10= Respirable particulate ndix 2 matter<10micrometers diameter, RDA=Road Development Authority, SC=supervision consultant, SO2=sulphur dioxide, SPM= suspended particulate matter. Notes: 1. Design Stage = Baseline Stage

2. Air quality- The rate per sample includes: Laboratory analysis –10,000; Equipment rental – 10,000; technical staff – 8000. , Transportation – 3,000, Experts 23

salary @ 10,000 (all per sample) 24 3. Water quality: Rs. 13,000 per sample ( all inclusive) 4. Noise Level: Rs. 10,000 per sample (all inclusive) 5. 1 $= 110 SRs 2 Appendix