UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Find the True Country: Devotional Music and the Self in India's National Culture Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67s3p240 Author Virani, Vivek Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles FIND THE TRUE COUNTRY: DEVOTIONAL MUSIC AND THE SELF IN INDIA’S NATIONAL CULTURE A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology by VIVEK VIRANI 2016 © Copyright by Vivek Virani 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Find the True Country: Devotional Music and the Self in India’s National Culture by Vivek Virani Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Daniel M. Neuman, Chair For centuries, the songs of devotional poet-saints have been an integral part of Indian religious life. Countless regional traditions of bhajans (devotional songs) have been able to maintain their existence by adapting to serve the contemporary social needs of their participants. This dissertation draws on fieldwork conducted over 2014-2015 with contemporary bhajan performers from many different genres and styles throughout India. It highlights a specific tradition in the Central Indian region of Malwa based on poetry by Kabir and other Sants (anti- establishment poet-saints) performed by lower-caste singers. This tradition was largely unheard- of half a century ago, but is now a major part of Malwa’s cultural life that has facilitated the creation of lower-caste spiritual networks and created a space for those networks to engage in discourse about social issues. Malwa’s bhajan singers have also become part of India’s popular ii religious and musical life as certain performers have attained celebrity status and been recognized at the national level as living bearers of the Sant tradition. This dissertation follows performers and songs from Malwa into new contexts and explores the processes by which performers and audiences in diverse styles and contexts use Sant bhajans to construct understandings of the self. It further addresses the role of Sant bhajans in the formation of new communities comprising members from previously disparate social groups. It interrogates why Sant bhajans might be relevant and appealing to Indians from so many backgrounds and how these bhajans and their performers are relevant to major cultural, religious, and social discourses in India today. It describes and analyzes the various processes by which Sant bhajans are creating new arenas for artistic, spiritual, and social dialogue, and allowing previously marginalized voices to contribute to the formation of Indian culture. iii The dissertation of Vivek Virani is approved. Aamir R. Mufti Timothy D. Taylor Ali J. Racy Daniel M. Neuman, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2016 iv To Swami, who brought me into the world of devotional music v TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents vi Note about Orthography vii Table of Figures viii Table of Images ix Acknowledgements xi Vita xv Chapter 1 “Come to My Country” Introduction 1 PART I: THE REGION Chapter 2 “Bhajans Have Purified My Body”: Nirgun Bhajans in Malwa Society 30 Chapter 3 “Pierced by the Arrow of Song”: Musical Structure of Malvi Nirgun Bhajans 77 Chapter 4 “This World is a Bustling Marketplace”: Changing Contexts, Identities, and Performance Practices 111 PART II: THE NATION Chapter 5 “A Voice with No Singer”: Regional Devotional Performers on the National Stage 152 Chapter 6 “One Water in Many Vessels”: Kabir in Popular Music 203 Conclusion 232 Glossary of Foreign Terms 241 References 245 vi NOTE ABOUT ORTHOGRAPHY When rendering terms from Hindi and other languages in Roman characters, I use a modified form of IAST transliteration to account for ambiguities in the regional pronunciations of certain words, and for the fact that pure IAST is difficult to read for most Indians. My deviations from IAST include the following: 1. The vowel ‘ṛ’ (ऋ) is rendered as ‘ṛi’. 2. The consonants ‘c’ and ‘ch’ (च and छ) are rendered respectively as ‘ch’ and ‘chh’. 3. The consonants ‘ṣ’ and ‘ś’ (श and ष) are rendered respectively as ‘śh’ and ‘ṣh’, although the distinction between sibilants is highly ambiguous in practice, particularly in regional dialectic pronunciations. 4. The nasalization of vowels typically represented by a chandrabindu (◌ँ) in Hindi is represented by ‘ṅ’, not to be confused with the cerebral nasal consonant ‘ṇ’ (ण). 5. ‘N’ is used to represent the dental nasal (न) as well as the nasals typically represented in IAST as ‘ñ’ and ‘ṅ’ (ङ and ञ). The latter nasals only occur in conjunctions preceding homorganic consonants, and the distinction between them is nonexistent in spoken Hindi and most other North Indian languages. 6. IAST does not provide a standardized means of differentiating between the dotted and undotted forms of the voiced dental stops ‘ḍ’ (ड and ड़) and ‘ḍh’ (ढ and ढ़). Therefore, there is a small degree of ambiguity in words containing these letters. 7. Frequently used terms, including bhajan, maṇḍalī, nirgun, sagun, and tambura, are rendered in non-italicized text without diacritics after their first use. vii TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 3-1: Common tambura and kartāl patterns 88 Figure 3-2: Standard nirguṇ bhajan form 92 Figure 3-3: Example sākhī melodies 95 Figure 3-4: "Zara halke gādi hāṅko," chorus and first verse, 97 Figure 3-5: Chorus of “Thāri kāyā nagarī meṅ” 98 Figure 3-6: "Saudagir, ab kyon bhulyo jāye?" Chorus and Part of First Verse 100 Figure 3-7: Chorus of “Muniyā pinjare vālī nā” 103 Figure 3-8: Chorus of “Kar le mail gaṅvārā” 103 Figure 3-9: Chorus of "Kin kāran āyo?” 106 Figure 3-10: First line of first verse of “Guru sharan meṅ rehnā” 106 Figure 3-11: First line of first verse of “Kartā karam se nyārā” 107 Figure 4-1: Typical four-beat rhythm played by percussion section of a nirgun mandali. 139 Figure 4-2: Intro to “Avadhu vo koi des batāvo” 143 Figure 6-1: Guitar and vocal parts from “Piya kī suratiyā” 214 viii TABLE OF IMAGES Image 2-1: Brahmin boys stand protectively at the temple steps 33 Image 2-2: The road between Lunyakhedi and Kabir Nagar 33 Image 2-3: Shrine to Ajay Bal Chakravarty Bhagavan 39 Image 2-4: A home in Malwa displaying images of Kabir alongside Baba Gurinder Singh 42 Image 2-5: Republican Party of India banner in Pune 56 Image 2-6: Pritam Malviya and Madanlal Malviya Singing at a Mrtyu Bhojan function 59 Image 2-7: A disciple touches the feet of a Kabir Panth mahanth 60 Image 3-1: A winter night satsang in Lunyakhedi village 78 Image 3-2: Kabir Kalā Manch, a bhajan mandali 82 Image 3-3: Two types of tambura plectra worn on the index finger 85 Image 3-4: Prahlad Tipanya inserts bridges into a number of new tamburas 86 Image 3-5: Prahlad Tipanya with his son, Vijay, performing in Indore 109 Image 4-1: A section of the crowd at one of Tipanya's performances 115 Image 4-2: Mathuralal Bilodiya with his son, Amritlal, and mandali 122 Image 4-3: Grounds and stage where annual Lunyakhedi Kabir Utsav is held 125 Image 4-4: A Malvi dance troupe performs for Doordarshan Indore 127 Image 4-5 a) Malvi Kabir bhajan VCD album covers 133 Image 4-6: Pavan Parihar and Manglesh Malviya playing ḍholak and ṭimki 138 Image 4-7: Devnarayan Saroliya and Dharmendra Tipanya playing violin and harmonium 141 Image 4-8: Mandalis gathered at the bhajan competition 151 Image 5-1: Prahlad Tipanya’s troupe prepares for a concert 153 ix Image 5-2: Malvi musicians representing Madhya Pradesh 155 Image 5-3: Private Concert by Prahlad Tipanya’s troupe 157 Image 5-4: Poster for the first Mumbai Kabir Festival, held in 2011. 167 Image 5-5: Mooralala Marwada's group practicing with Nirali Kartik 169 Image 5-6: 2015 Lunyakhedi Kabir Worshop 170 Image 5-7: Performers and travelers from all over at the 2015 Malwa Kabir Yatra 172 Image 5-8: Deepa Kamath sings a Kabir bhajan in her home 180 Image 5-9: Table selling traditional instruments at the 2014 Mumbai Kabir Festival 188 Image 5-10: Parvathy Baul performs at the Malwa Kabir Yatra 200 Image 6-1: Bindhumalini Narayanaswamy and Vedanth Bharadwaj perform 216 Image 6-2: The audience cheers for Kabir Cafe 218 Image 6-3: Kabir Cafe conducting sound check 221 x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my overwhelming gratitude to the many people without whom this project would have been unimaginable. I thank the UCLA Department of Ethnomusicology for its continued support through research fellowships, conference travel awards, and the fieldwork fellowship that allowed me to conduct research for this dissertation. I also thank UCLA’s Graduate Division for funding in the form of Summer Research Fellowships, a Graduate Research Mentorship during my fourth year, and the Dissertation Year Fellowship that allowed me to complete this project. Many thanks to my committee members, Aamir Mufti, A. J. Racy, and Timothy Taylor for sharing their insight and for challenging me to expand my perspectives. Thanks especially to my advisor and committee chair, Daniel Neuman, whose continued guidance and confidence in me have been invaluable to my growth as a scholar. I am also grateful to the many professors at UCLA who have offered intellectual, professional, and personal guidance over the years, including Münir Beken, Tara Browner, Amy Catlin- Jairazbhoy, Stephanie Jamison, Roger Kendall, Cheryl Keyes, Vinay Lal, Steven Loza, Saloni Mathur, James Newton, Timothy Rice, and Anthony Seeger.
Recommended publications
  • Society April 2013-Preview
    &217(176 APRIL 2013 30 The Eternal Dreamer The man who regaled us with his acting and directorial skills has now put his heart to a new venture, Qyuki. Shekhar Kapur tells Society why he wants to foster creativity in the country. By Anupama Bijur 66 126 50 The Tamil Effect Catching the Tiger by his Tail A Bold Stance The people of Tamil Nadu are an Read a 1980 interview of Mansur Ali The censor board is not kind to filmmaker and illustrious community, having excelled Khan Pataudi, in which he candidly activist Sridhar Rangayan’s realistic movies in all walks of life. Society looks at the chats with Society about his childhood, on the tabooed subjects of transgenders and prominent Tamilians in the country. royalty, career and family. homosexuals. But, as Manali Shah finds out, he By CSS Latha By Ingrid Albuquerque has stuck to his guns. EDITORIAL &217(176 EDITOR Suchitra Iyer APRIL 2013 BUREAU CHIEFS Meeta Mishra (Delhi); Anupama Bijur (Bangalore); CSS Latha (Chennai); Nandini R Penna (Hyderabad); Kakoli Poddar, Sudeshna Chakravarty (Kolkata) SENIOR CORRESPONDENT Ujwal Salokhe 100 96 CORRESPONDENTS Srividya Menon, Manali Shah Being ‘Brand’ Yuvi Rupert’s Rival (Mumbai) ; Martin DeSouza, Prashant Rane (New York); While cricketer Yuvraj Singh’s victory against Rupert Murdoch’s arch nemesis Craig Ekatmata Sharma, Ngathingpei Khayi, Roma Arora (Delhi) cancer was lauded by all, him promoting a life Aaron tells Kenneth Rapoza about EDITORIAL CO-ORDINATOR Catherine Fernandes insurance ad brought up the question of how his passionate ¿ ght to reform the SENIOR ARTIST Uday Gaikar ethical ailment marketing is.
    [Show full text]
  • Caste, Kinship and Sex Ratios in India
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CASTE, KINSHIP AND SEX RATIOS IN INDIA Tanika Chakraborty Sukkoo Kim Working Paper 13828 http://www.nber.org/papers/w13828 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 March 2008 We thank Bob Pollak, Karen Norberg, David Rudner and seminar participants at the Work, Family and Public Policy workshop at Washington University for helpful comments and discussions. We also thank Lauren Matsunaga and Michael Scarpati for research assistance and Cassie Adcock and the staff of the South Asia Library at the University of Chicago for their generous assistance in data collection. We are also grateful to the Weidenbaum Center and Washington University (Faculty Research Grant) for research support. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2008 by Tanika Chakraborty and Sukkoo Kim. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Caste, Kinship and Sex Ratios in India Tanika Chakraborty and Sukkoo Kim NBER Working Paper No. 13828 March 2008 JEL No. J12,N35,O17 ABSTRACT This paper explores the relationship between kinship institutions and sex ratios in India at the turn of the twentieth century. Since kinship rules varied by caste, language, religion and region, we construct sex-ratios by these categories at the district-level using data from the 1901 Census of India for Punjab (North), Bengal (East) and Madras (South).
    [Show full text]
  • The Merchant Castes of a Small Town in Rajasthan
    THE MERCHANT CASTES OF A SMALL TOWN IN RAJASTHAN (a study of business organisation and ideology) CHRISTINE MARGARET COTTAM A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. at the Department of Anthropology and Soci­ ology, School of Oriental and African Studies, London University. ProQuest Number: 10672862 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672862 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 2 ABSTRACT Certain recent studies of South Asian entrepreneurial acti­ vity have suggested that customary social and cultural const­ raints have prevented positive response to economic develop­ ment programmes. Constraints including the conservative mentality of the traditional merchant castes, over-attention to custom, ritual and status and the prevalence of the joint family in management structures have been regarded as the main inhibitors of rational economic behaviour, leading to the conclusion that externally-directed development pro­ grammes cannot be successful without changes in ideology and behaviour. A focus upon the indigenous concepts of the traditional merchant castes of a market town in Rajasthan and their role in organising business behaviour, suggests that the social and cultural factors inhibiting positivejto a presen­ ted economic opportunity, stimulated in part by external, public sector agencies, are conversely responsible for the dynamism of private enterprise which attracted the attention of the concerned authorities.
    [Show full text]
  • From American Bandstand to Total Request Live: Teen Culture and Identity on Music Television Kaylyn Toale Fordham University, [email protected]
    Fordham University Masthead Logo DigitalResearch@Fordham American Studies Senior Theses American Studies 2011 From American Bandstand to Total Request Live: Teen Culture and Identity on Music Television Kaylyn Toale Fordham University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://fordham.bepress.com/amer_stud_theses Part of the American Popular Culture Commons, and the Film and Media Studies Commons Recommended Citation Toale, Kaylyn, "From American Bandstand to Total Request Live: Teen Culture and Identity on Music Television" (2011). American Studies Senior Theses. 14. https://fordham.bepress.com/amer_stud_theses/14 This is brought to you for free and open access by the American Studies at DigitalResearch@Fordham. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Studies Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalResearch@Fordham. For more information, please contact [email protected]. From American Bandstand to Total Request Live : Teen Culture and Identity on Music Television Kaylyn Toale American Studies Senior Thesis Fall 2010 Prof. Amy Aronson, Prof. Edward Cahill Toale 1 “When we started the show… there weren’t any teenagers,” remarked Dick Clark to The Washington Post in 1977. “They were just miniatures of their parents. They didn’t have their own styles. They didn’t have their own music. They didn’t have their own money. And now, of course, the whole world is trying to be a kid.” 1 The show to which he refers, of course, is American Bandstand, which paved the way for Total Request Live (TRL) and other television shows which aimed to distribute popular music to young audiences. Here, Dick Clark situates the intersection of music and television as an entity that provides great insight into the social dynamics, the media experience, and the very existence of teenagers in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Connections IIT Gandhinagar 2014-2015, Volume VII, Issue III Connectionsconnections Is the Quarterly Newsletter for Friends of IIT Gandhinagar Jan - Mar 2015
    Connections IIT Gandhinagar 2014-2015, Volume VII, Issue III ConnectionsConnections is the quarterly newsletter for friends of IIT Gandhinagar Jan - Mar 2015 Institute News IITGN FOUNDATION APPOINTS USAID SUPPORT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR A Joint Declaration of Intent was signed on IIT Gandhinagar Founda- Jan 23, 2015, ahead of President Obama’s In- tion, a US-based charitable dia visit, between the Ministry of Human Re- trust, announced the appoint- source Development (MHRD) and the United ment of Mr Ravi Mistry as States Agency for International Development its first Executive Director. (USAID) for providing support to Indian In- Mr Mistry will primarily be responsible for stitutes of Technology. The declaration calls designing and managing the Foundation’s for intensifying collaborations in Research and worldwide capital campaign with primary fo- Development (R&D) and entrepreneurship and identifies IIT Gandhinagar as the initial IIT cus on the US. He will also serve as a liaison for support. A team of three USAID representatives, comprising Mr Mitch Kirby, senior between donors and IITGN on important education advisor; Dr Sheila E Desai, India senior science and technology advisor; and Dr initiatives supported by the donors. Mr Mis- Eric M Johnson, senior research economist with RTI International, visited IITGN on Feb try was previously a member of the founding 10, 2015 to assess institutional needs and discuss strategies with senior IITGN administrators. team of Virident Systems, a technology Their discussions covered a wide range of possible areas of support including strengthen- startup based in the Silicon Valley. ing research capabilities, student and faculty exchanges, leadership development, networking, communication strategies, and entrepreneurship.
    [Show full text]
  • THE PARK Magazine
    THE PARK Magazine 10 LIVING / Issue 10 / Contrast LIVING is a barometer for global drifts, glimpsed through the unique lens of The Park Hotels. Travers- ing the landscape of contemporary lifestyle in the 21st century, it reflects on inventive thinking in design, hospitality, cuisine and artistic expression. How does the juxtaposition of opposites create a whole new engagement? In the final issue of our volume that looks at the world through the building blocks of design, we explore contrast and its power to augment experience. 02 In.congruity 14 Converse: Dialogues on Contrast + Sujata Assomull Sippy con + Abraham & Thakore + Monica Dogra + Nathaniel Gaskell 24 The Park Spotlight 28 The Park Explorer: Delhi 32 The Park People: Alex Davis 34 A Slice of The Park 38 The Park Scoop trast40 Art at The Park congruityin. Within the white walls of a factory turned gallery, thousands of stainless steel pots and pans stand in a perfectly haphazard pile. Under the big top of the Great Bombay Circus, its resident pehelwan (wrestler) makes his grand entry on a toddler’s tricycle. Her pink hair drenched, a teenager stops to pour water on a golden Buddha before pointing her plastic gun at the crowds gathered for Songkran on the streets of Bangkok. Things that don’t go together have this uncanny way of working together beautifully. What turns a bucket into a thing of art? There’s scale, and there’s craftsmanship. But the sheer contrast of context in Subodh Gupta’s installations, the mundane everyday planted bang in the centre of discourse, tells a tale that the same bucket could never convey in your bathroom.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Angeles a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Satisfaction of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomu
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles FIND THE TRUE COUNTRY: DEVOTIONAL MUSIC AND THE SELF IN INDIA’S NATIONAL CULTURE A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology by VIVEK VIRANI 2016 © Copyright by Vivek Virani 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Find the True Country: Devotional Music and the Self in India’s National Culture by Vivek Virani Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Daniel M. Neuman, Chair For centuries, the songs of devotional poet-saints have been an integral part of Indian religious life. Countless regional traditions of bhajans (devotional songs) have been able to maintain their existence by adapting to serve the contemporary social needs of their participants. This dissertation draws on fieldwork conducted over 2014-2015 with contemporary bhajan performers from many different genres and styles throughout India. It highlights a specific tradition in the Central Indian region of Malwa based on poetry by Kabir and other Sants (anti- establishment poet-saints) performed by lower-caste singers. This tradition was largely unheard- of half a century ago, but is now a major part of Malwa’s cultural life that has facilitated the creation of lower-caste spiritual networks and created a space for those networks to engage in discourse about social issues. Malwa’s bhajan singers have also become part of India’s popular ii religious and musical life as certain performers have attained celebrity status and been recognized at the national level as living bearers of the Sant tradition. This dissertation follows performers and songs from Malwa into new contexts and explores the processes by which performers and audiences in diverse styles and contexts use Sant bhajans to construct understandings of the self.
    [Show full text]
  • Uttar Pradesh Upgs 2018
    State People Group Language Religion Population % Christian Uttar Pradesh Abdul Urdu Islam 4910 0 Uttar Pradesh Agamudaiyan Tamil Hinduism 30 0 Uttar Pradesh Agamudaiyan Nattaman Tamil Hinduism 30 0 Uttar Pradesh Agaria (Hindu traditions) Agariya Hinduism 29770 0 Uttar Pradesh Agaria (Muslim traditions) Urdu Islam 6430 0 Uttar Pradesh Ager (Hindu traditions) Kannada Hinduism 860 0 Uttar Pradesh Aghori Hindi Hinduism 21460 0 Uttar Pradesh Agri Marathi Hinduism 930 0 Uttar Pradesh Ahar Hindi Hinduism 1432140 0 Uttar Pradesh Aheria Hindi Hinduism 135160 0 Uttar Pradesh Ahmadi Urdu Islam 33150 0 Uttar Pradesh Anantpanthi Hindi Hinduism 610 0 Uttar Pradesh Ansari Urdu Islam 4544320 0 Uttar Pradesh Apapanthi Hindi Hinduism 27250 0 Uttar Pradesh Arab Arabic, Mesopotamian SpoKen Islam 90 0 Uttar Pradesh Arain (Hindu traditions) Hindi Hinduism 730 0 Uttar Pradesh Arain (Muslim traditions) Urdu Islam 57550 0 Uttar Pradesh Arakh Hindi Hinduism 375490 0 Uttar Pradesh Arora (Hindu traditions) Hindi Hinduism 19740 0 Uttar Pradesh Arora (SiKh traditions) Punjabi, Eastern Other / Small 17000 0 Uttar Pradesh Atari Urdu Islam 50 0 Uttar Pradesh Atishbaz Urdu Islam 2850 0 Uttar Pradesh BadaiK Sadri Hinduism 430 0 Uttar Pradesh Badhai (Hindu traditions) Hindi Hinduism 2461740 0 Uttar Pradesh Badhai (Muslim traditions) Urdu Islam 531520 0 Uttar Pradesh Badhi (Hindu traditions) Hindi Hinduism 7350 0 Uttar Pradesh Badhi (Muslim traditions) Urdu Islam 28340 0 Uttar Pradesh BadhiK Hindi Hinduism 15330 0 Uttar Pradesh Bagdi (Hindu traditions) Bengali Hinduism 4420
    [Show full text]
  • Sambalpur Studies in Literatures and Cultures
    Sambalpur Studies in LiteraturesISSN-2231 and Cultures-5616 Sambalpur Studies in Literatures and Cultures Series 5, 2019 Department of English Sambalpur University Odisha INDIA 183 Advisory Board Prof K. Narayana Chandran (University of Hyderabad) Prof Krishna Sen (University of Calcutta) Prof Nadini Bhattacharya (University of Burdwan) Prof Bijay K Danta (Tejpur University) Editorial Board K Misra, Professor R. Tripathy, Professor A. Patel, Associate Professor Ajit Kullu, Assistant Professor Editor Ashok K Mohapatra, Professor, Department of English, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla-768019, Sambalpur, Odisha, INDIA [email protected] Copy-right Holder & Publisher © Department of English, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla-768019, Sambalpur, Odisha, INDIA SSLC is a peer-reviewed journal and listed in the UGC approved list of journals. It is published annually by the Department of English, Sambalpur University. This journal invites full-length scholarly essays on the topics relating to culture, society, art and literature as well as Translation Studies. It insists on analytical rigour and insightfulness of the essays. It also invites book reviews and interviews. Essays must be sent in soft copy format subject to the following conditions: 1. Essays typed in double-space, from 3000 to 6000 words in text-file format, should be sent by e-mail. 2. Reviews must be between 1500 and 2000 words. 3. Essays and reviews must be original and must not have been either accepted for publication or published anywhere else in any form. 4. Essays should conform to the 9th edition of MLA style manual. 5. Essays should be accompanied by the academic details and mailing address by the contributors separately to facilitate confidential peer-reading.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamics of Biraderi Politics in the Punjab with Special Reference to District Toba Tek Singh
    Dynamics of Biraderi Politics in the Punjab with Special Reference to District Toba Tek Singh Nabila Akhtar Session 2008-2011 Registration No. 71-GCU-PhD-Pol-Sc-2008 Roll No. 407-PHD-08 DEPARTMENT of POLITICAL SCIENCE GC.UNIVERSITY, LAHORE 2014 I Dynamics of Biraderi Politics in the Punjab with Special Reference to District Toba Tek Singh Submitted to GC University, Lahore in partial fulfilment of the requirements For the award of Degree of PH. D. In Political Science By Nabila Akhtar Session 2008-2011 Registration No. 71-GCU-PhD-Pol-Sc-2008 Roll No. 407-PHD-08 DEPARTMENT of POLITICAL SCIENCE GC.UNIVERSITY, LAHORE 2014 II III IV V VI Acknowledgments All praises are for the creator of the Universe ‗Allah Almighty‘! First of all, I am highly thankful to my Allah, the most gracious and merciful whose bestowal makes me complete my research work. Research is a hard task and one has to be prepared oneself strong morally and mentally. I owe my gratitude to honour Dr, Khalid Manzoor Butt, Chairman, and Department of Political Science for his guidance and help when I was hung-up during my study. He has always been very kind and considerate. He is the person who brought me out from the doldrums situation when I stuck and left to complete the task. He took a special interest in my research and gave me some valuable tips. His kind support has enabled me to accomplish this task. My heartiest gratitude is due for my supervisor, Dr. Sadia Mushtaq, who guided and helped me to complete this research.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of MTV Music Programs an Analysis of the MTV Artists Program Huiming Zhang
    The Evolution of MTV Music Programs An Analysis of the MTV Artists Program A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Huiming Zhang in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science August 2014 © Copyright 2014 Huiming Zhang. All Rights Reserved i Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................... ii Abstract ........................................................................................................................ iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 Background and Need ........................................................................................................... 5 Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................................... 10 Research Questions ............................................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................... 12 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 12 Body of the Review ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • AMTS Loses Rs 12L
    IIT-Gn gets Coke Studio on board Blithchron-2015, the annual culfest of the institute that is likely to be thronged by 20,000 students, will see performance by Chennai-based Swarathma band PDPU and HL College. Students com- Kuldeep.Tiwari @timesgroup.com ing from outside Ahmedabad, will get accommodation and food on the TWEETS @kuldeep_2105 campus, said students committee that ndian Institute of Technology – is organising the event. Gandhinagar (IIT-Gn)’s annual culfest Blithchron-2015 is free SWARATHMA BAND I and open to all! Not enough? Swarathma is a Bangalore-based Indi- Coke Studio is on also board! Now an folk/fusion band. don’t hold your excitement as the According to the institute, the cur- two-day event that will see spectacular rent line-up features Vasu Dixit (vo- performances in singing, dancing and cals and rhythm guitar), Pavan Kumar band performances begins today. KJ (percussion and backing vocals), Coke Studio is calling Chennai- Varun Murali (lead guitar), Sanjeev based Swarathma band that fuses In- Nayak (violin) and Jishnu Dasgupta dian folk music with Carnatic classical (bass guitar and backing vocals). Swa- to create a mesmerising fusion, for the rathma was formed in 2002 in Mysore performance at the institute. The Last year, the Blithchron attracted 15,00o students from across the country when vocalist and songwriter Vasu band that consists of five members Dixit met Abhinanth Kumar on the will perform on Sunday with a Coke tion of the event, said, “This is the sev- case their talent. That’s why the entry 15,000 visitors.
    [Show full text]