CE-1295 Elkton Historic District, (Elkton Multiple Resource Area)

Architectural Survey File

This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse- chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation such as photographs and maps.

Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment.

All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust.

Last Updated: 09-12-2018 MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST DETERMINATION OF ELIGIBILITY FORM

Property Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address: Historic district: X yes no City: Elkton Zip Code: 21921 County: Cecil

USGS Quadrangle(s): Elkton

Property Owner: Tax Account ID Number:

Tax Map Parcel Number(s): Tax Map Number: 303-4 &c

Project: TEA-21 DOE Agency: Maryland Historical Trust

Agency Prepared By: Maryland Historical Trust Preparer's Name: Scott Whipple Date Prepared: 5/4/2004

Documentation is presented in: MIHP Form CE-1295 and CE-149-161, 246-47, 255-56, 257-59, 262, 266-67, 269-70, 299-99A, 719, 1310-1317, 1320, 1323-25, 1327, 1355-58

Preparer's Eligibility Recommendation: X Eligibility recommended Eligibility not recommended

Criteria: X A B X c D Considerations: A B C D E F G

Complete if the property is a contributing or non-contributing resource to a NR district/property: Name of the District/Property: Inventory Number: Eligible: yes Listed: yes

Site visit by MHTStaf X yes no Name: Scott Whipple Date: 12/8/2003

Description of Property and Justification: (Please attach map and photo) The Elkton Historic District encompasses several neighborhoods across the city and includes a broad range of building types and periods. The district consists of collections of buildings typifying residential, commercial, and ecclesiastical architecture of the mid-18th through the mid-20th centuries. Included are representative examples of workers' houses dating to the mid-19th century that correspond to Elkton's ascendancy as a commercial and industrial center. These are simple two or three story, gable roofed, frame houses, three or four bays wide, mostly duplexes, arranged in rows very close to the street. Many retain their 6/6 sash and clapboard siding. Also included are workers' housing constructed during the last quarter of the 19th century during an expansion of Elkton's industrial base: predominantly 2-!4 story, three bay frame houses with gamble fronts or central cross gables, and with one-story porches spanning the facades, located on small lots, spaced close to each other and the street. Also present are representative workers' houses dating to the late 19th and early 20th century that are somewhat larger and more stylish, occupying larger, tree-shaded lots. Most are of frame construction, although some are of brick, and many feature decorative treatments of the period, including sawn vergeboard trim and stickwork detailing. The district also includes examples of large 19th century Queen Anne, Shingle style, and Colonial Revival as well as older Greek Revival and Italian Villa styles and more recent bungalows. Alterations are for the most part minor and reversible, and do not obscure the essential form of these buildings.

MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST REVIE Eligibility recommended X Eligibility not recommended

Criteria: X A B X C D Considerations: A B C D E F G MHT Comments:

Scott Whipple Friday, June 25,2004 Reviewer, Office of Preservation Services Date

Reviewer, National Register Program Date NR-ELIGIBILITY REVIEW FORM

CE-1295 Elkton Historic District Page 2 There are relatively few recent houses, which tend to be small and in traditional design, blending unobtrusively with the older buildings.

The commercial precinct comprises a number of architecturally related structures dating from the second half of the 19th century through the first quarter of the 20th. Several churches are included in the district, ranging from those with higher Gothic detailing (one in the earlier Gothic Revival and the other in the late Victorian Gothic style) to more simple, vernacular churches typical of those of the late 19th century serving African American congregations.

Significance: Elkton's advantageous location at the juncture of major transportation corridors was instrumental in its achievement of significance in the military, commercial, and industrial history of the region.

Elkton figures prominently in the military history of the nation. It served as a key point of embarkation during the Revolutionary War: in 1777 the British general Howe landed his armies here en route to Philadelphia; it was this maneuver which doomed General Burgoyne at Saratoga. In March, 1781, Lafayette embarked from Elkton with his troops bound for Annapolis, and in September of the same year, Washington also embarked from Elkton to inaugurate the climactic Yorktown campaign. Elkton retained its strategic importance during the War of 1812 when British marines under Admiral Cockburn mounted an unsuccessful attack on the town.

Elkton preceded Baltimore in the development of the flour-packing industry and was hailed by 1807 as an important wheat market, with trade at that time having attained a level of 250,000 bushels per year. After the War of 1812, packet lines continued to run between Elkton and Baltimore, and the New Castle Frenchtown Railroad (1832) increased Elkton's importance as a transportation center. Numerous mills were established on the Elk River, evidenced by surviving millraces, and the town thrived. Prosperity waned in subsequent years until the post-Civil War period, when new industries, including pulp mills, machine shops, fertilizer plants, and canneries came to the town, stimulating housing construction, as reflected in the late 19th c. residential districts.

Elkton's history and development are clearly reflected in the various resources within the district. The town is architecturally significant in possessing a large and varied collection of well-preserved structures representing changes in fashions in residential, commercial, and ecclesiastical architecture from the mid-18th to early 20th centuries, with an especially fine concentration of houses, churches, and commercial buildings dating from the latter half of the 19th c. [extracted from P. Kurtze & P. Weissman]

MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST REVIE Eligibility recommended X Eligibility not recommended

Criteria: X A B X C D Considerations: A B C D E F G MHT Comments:

Scott Whipple Friday, June 25, 2004 Reviewer, Office of Preservation Services Date Peter Kurtze Reviewer, National Register Program Date Maryland Historical Trust Inventory No. CE-1295 Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties Form

1. Name of Property (indicate preferred name)

historic Elkton other Elkton Historic Distirct 2. Location

street and number not for publication

city, town Elkton vicinity county Ceciil

3. Owner of Property (give names and mailing addresses of all owners) name Multiple Ownership street and number telephone city, town Elkton state MP zip code 21921 4. Location of Legal Description

courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Multiple Deeds liber folio city, town Elkton tax map 303, 304, 307, 308 tax parcel tax ID number 5. Primary Location of Additional Data Contributing Resource in National Register District Contributing Resource in Local Historic District x Determined Eligible for the National Register/Maryland Register Determined Ineligible for the National Register/Maryland Register Recorded by HABS/HAER Historic Structure Report or Research Report at MHT Other: 6. Classification

Category Ownership Current Function Resource Count X district public agriculture landscape Contributing Noncontributing building(s) private X commerce/trade recreation/culture 382 109 buildings structure X both defense X religion sites site X domestic X social structures object education transportation objects funerary work in progress 382 109 Total X government unknown healthcare vacant/not in use Number of Contributing Resources industry other: previously listed in the Inventory 46 7. Description Inventory No. CE-1295

Condition

excellent deteriorated X good ruins fair altered

Prepare both a one paragraph summary and a comprehensive description of the resource and its various elements as it exists today.

Introdcution: The Elkton Historic District is architecturally significant in possessing a large and varied collection of well-preserved structures representing changes in fashions in residential, commercial, and ecclesiastical architecture from the mid-18th to early 20th centuries, with an especially fine concentration of houses, churches, and commercial buildings dating from the latter half of the 19th century. The Historic District encompasses several neighborhoods across the city and includes a broad range of building types and periods. Included are representative examples of workers' houses dating to the mid-19th century that correspond to Elkton's ascendancy as a commercial and industrial center, as well as workers' housing constructed during the last quarter of the 19th century during an expansion of Elkton's industrial base. Also present are representative workers' houses dating to the late 19th and early 20th century that are somewhat larger and more stylish, occupying larger, tree-shaded lots. The district also includes examples of large 19th century Queen Anne, Shingle style, and Colonial Revival as well as older Greek Revival and Italian Villa styles and more recent bungalows. Alterations are for the most part minor and reversible, and do not obscure the essential form of these buildings. There are relatively few recent houses, which tend to be small and in traditional design, blending unobtrusively with the older buildings. The commercial precinct comprises a number of architecturally related structures dating from the second half of the 19th century through the first quarter of the 20th. Several churches are included in the district, ranging from those with higher Gothic detailing to more simple, vernacular churches typical of those of the late 19th century serving African American congregations.

Detailed Description: 8. Significance inventory NO. CE-1295

Period Areas of Significance Check and justify below

1600-1699 agriculture economics health/medicine performing arts X 1700-1799 archeology education X industry philosophy X 1800-1899 X architecture engineering invention X politics/government X 1900-1999 art entertainment/ landscape architecture X religion 2000- X commerce recreation law science communications ethnic heritage literature social history community planning exploration/ maritime history transportation conservation settlement military other:

Specific dates Architect/Builder unknown

Construction dates various

Evaluation for:

X National Register X Maryland Register not evaluated

Prepare a one-paragraph summary statement of significance addressing applicable criteria, followed by a narrative discussion of the history of the resource and its context. (For compliance projects, complete evaluation on a DOE Form - see manual.)

Summary Paragraph: Elkton's advantageous location at the juncture of major transportation corridors was instrumental in its achievement of significance in the military, commercial, and industrial history of the region. Elkton figures prominently in the military history of the nation, serving as a key a key point of embarkation during the Revolutionary War as well as the sight of an unsuccessful attack by British marines during the War of 1812. Elkton's four-packing industry made the town an important wheat market through the middle of the eighteenth century, and after the Civil War new industries continued the town's prominence. Elkton's situation on the Elk River and the arrival of the railroad contributed to its importance as an industrial center.

Statement of Significance: Elkton's advantageous location at the juncture of major transportation corridors was instrumental in its achievement of significance in the military, commercial, and industrial history of the region.

Cooch, Frances A. Little Known History of Newark, Delaware and its Environs. Newark, DE: The Press of Kells, 1936.

Footner, Hulbert. Maryland Main and the Eastern Shore. New York: Appleton Century, 1942.

Fox, W. L., and Walsh, Richard. Maryland: A History 1632-1974. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 1974.

Johnston, George. History of Cecil County, Maryland. Elkton: Privately printed, 1881.

10. Geographical Data

Acreage of surveyed property Acreage of historical setting Quadrangle name Elkton Quadrangle scale: 1:24.000

Verbal boundary description and justification The boundary of the Elkton Historic District is indicated by the black line on the attached map. The Elkton Historic District is bounded on the west by Blue Ball Road. The district follows High and Main streets east from their intersection with Blue Ball Road. The north boundary of the district is formed by the rear of the lots on the north side of High Street, and near the point where the rail road crosses North Street. The district terminates on its eastern edge near the point where Main Street crosses Big Elk Creek. Frather north, the district's eastern border is formed by Booth Street. The district is bounded on the south by Mackall and Howard streets.

11. Form Prepared by

name/title Scott D. Whipple organization Maryland Historical Trust date June 30,2004 street & number 100 Community Place telephone 410-514-7600 city or town Crownsville state Maryland

The Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties was officially created by an Act of the Maryland Legislature to be found in the Annotated Code of Maryland, Article 41, Section 181 KA, 1974 supplement.

The survey and inventory are being prepared for information and record purposes only and do not constitute any infringement of individual property rights.

return to: Maryland Historical Trust DHCD/DHCP 100 Community Place Crownsville, MD 21032-2023 410-514-7600 Maryland Historical Trust Maryland Inventory of inventory NO CE-1295 Historic Properties Form

Name Continuation Sheet

Number _9_ Page 1

McSherry, James. History of Maryland. Baltimore: The Baltimore Book Co., 1904.

Millar, Alice E. Cecil County, Maryland: A Study in Local History. Elkton: C & L Printing Co., 1949.

Vieyra, Daniel I. Fill 'Er Up: An Architectural History of America's Gas Stations. New York: Collier Books, 1979.

Wilstock, Paul. Tidewater Maryland. New York: Tudor Publishing Co., 1945. Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. Contributing 0303 0998 Contributing 0303 1367 0304 0706 22 0304 0718 42 Noncontributing 0304 0727 54 0304 0797 23 0304 0799 0304 0857 1 Contributing 0304 0939 0304 1006 Noncontributing 0304 1183 0304 1225 0304 1238 Contributing 0304 1240 Contributing 0304 1241 Contributing 0304 1242 Contributing 0304 1243 0304 1251 0304 1253 0304 1263 0304 1292 Noncontributing 0304 1453 Noncontributing 0304 1489 1A 0304 2009 Noncontributing 0307 0243 Noncontributing 0307 0246 Noncontributing 0307 0252 Noncontributing 0307 0253 Noncontributing 0307 0271 3 Noncontributing 0307 0344

Page 1 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. Noncontributing 0307 0345 0307 0359 0307 0365 0307 0382 0307 0395 0307 0396 0307 0402 0307 0403 0307 0416 0307 0417 0307 0760 Contributing 0307 0761 0307 0813 0307 0918 0307 0996 Noncontributing 0307 1134 Contributing 0307 1171 0307 1188 0307 1188 Noncontributing 0307 1202 0307 1335 Contributing 0307 1337 0307 1366 0307 1380 0307 1398 0307 1402 Noncontributing 0307 1437 0307 1464 Noncontributing 0307 1478 Noncontributing 0307 1483

Page 2 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. Contributing 0307 1492 2 0307 1497 0307 1571 Noncontributing 0307 1577 Contributing 0307 1639 0307 1648 Noncontributing 0307 1653 Contributing 0307 1755 0307 1767 0307 1848 0307 1857 Contributing 0307 2025 Noncontributing 0307 2027 Noncontributing 0308 1099 Contributing 0308 1101 Noncontributing 0308 1102 Noncontributing 0308 1104 106 BELLS LANE 0307 1037 110 BELLS LANE 0307 1040 100 B ETH EL ST 0304 1300 104 BETHEL ST 0304 1301 106 BETHEL ST 0304 1302 108 BETHEL ST 0304 1303 109 BETHEL ST 0304 1306 110 BETHEL ST 0304 1305 111 BETHEL ST Noncontributing 0304 1307 115 BETHEL ST Noncontributing 0304 1308

117 BETHEL ST Contributing 0304 1309 118 BETHEL ST 0304 1304 108 BLUE BALL ROAD Noncontributing 0307 0258

Page 3 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 112 BLUE BALL ROAD Noncontributing 0307 0363 202 BLUE BALL ROAD Contributing 0307 0358 212 BLUE BALL ROAD Noncontributing 0307 0357 105 BOOTH ST Noncontributing 0304 1281 109 BOOTH ST Contributing 0304 1282 113 BOOTH ST Contributing 0304 1283 115 BOOTH ST 0304 1284 117 BOOTH ST Contributing 0304 1268 119 BOOTH ST Contributing 0304 1267 121 BOOTH ST 0304 1266 112 BOW ST Contributing 0307 0825

200 BOW ST Noncontributing 0307 0445 406 BOW ST Noncontributing 0303 1370 105 BRIDGE ST Contributing 0307 1422 CE-256 106 BRIDGE ST Contributing 0307 0997 CE-247 107 BRIDGE ST Contributing 0307 1423 109 BRIDGE ST Contributing 0307 1424 115 BRIDGE ST Noncontributing 0307 1425 117 BRIDGE ST Noncontributing 0307 1427 119 BRIDGE ST Noncontributing 0307 1428 121 BRIDGE ST Noncontributing 0307 1429 9 123 BRIDGE ST Noncontributing 0307 1430 129 BRIDGE ST 0307 1431 201 BRIDGE ST Noncontributing 0307 0776 124 CATHEDRAL ST Contributing 0307 0759 128 CATHEDRAL ST Contributing 0307 0757 130 CATHEDRAL ST Contributing 0307 0758 132 CATHEDRAL ST Contributing 0307 1417 140 CATHEDRAL ST Contributing 0307 0976 142 CATHEDRAL ST Contributing 0307 0977

Page 4 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 144 CATHEDRAL ST Contributing 0307 0978 146 CATHEDRAL ST Contributing 0307 0994 100 CHURCH ST Contributing 0307 0970 102 CHURCH ST Contributing 0307 1025 103 CHURCH ST Contributing 0307 0964 104 CHURCH ST Contributing 0307 0969 106 CHURCH ST Contributing 0307 1026 108 CHURCH ST Contributing 0307 1027 109 CHURCH ST Contributing 0307 1036 110 CHURCH ST Contributing 0307 1028 112 CHURCH ST Contributing 0307 1650 113 CHURCH ST Contributing 0307 1035 115 CHURCH ST Contributing 0307 1034 117 CHURCH ST Contributing 0307 1033 103 CLINTON ST 0304 1297

110 CLINTON ST Contributing 0304 1269 111 CLINTON ST 0304 1294 113 CLINTON ST Contributing 0304 1293 114 CLINTON ST Contributing 0304 1287 115 CLINTON ST Contributing 0304 1291 116 CLINTON ST 0304 1286 117 CLINTON ST Contributing 0304 1290 118 CLINTON ST 0304 1285 119 CLINTON ST 0304 1289 120 CLINTON ST Noncontributing 0304 1288 107 COLLINS AVE 0304 1228 108 COLLINS AVE 0304 1245 110 COLLINS AVE 0304 1246 112 COLLINS AVE Contributing 0304 1247 112 113 COLLINS AVE 0304 1229

Page 5 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 115 COLLINS AVE 0304 1230 116 COLLINS AVE 0304 1248 118 COLLINS AVE 0304 1249 119 COLLINS AVE 0304 1231 121 COLLINS AVE 0304 1232 122 COLLINS AVE 0304 1250 123 COLLINS AVE 0304 1233 129 COLLINS AVE 0304 1234 131 COLLINS AVE 0304 1235 132 COLLINS AVE 0304 1252 133 COLLINS AVE 0304 1236 135 COLLINS AVE 0304 1638 137 COLLINS AVE 0304 1237 141 COLLINS AVE Contributing 0304 1239 1 145 COLLINS AVE Contributing 0304 1244 103 DELAWARE AVE Contributing 0308 1124 104 DELAWARE AVE Contributing 0308 1107 105 DELAWARE AVE Contributing 0308 1126 106 DELAWARE AVE Contributing 0308 1474 107 DELAWARE AVE Contributing 0308 1127 108 DELAWARE AVE Contributing 0308 1106 110 DELAWARE AVE Contributing 0308 1100 111 E HIGH ST Contributing 0307 1205 113 E HIGH ST Contributing 0307 1207 114 E HIGH ST 0307 1179 115 E HIGH ST Contributing 0307 1208 116 E HIGH ST 0307 1198 118 E HIGH ST 0307 1199 122 E HIGH ST 0307 1200 125 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0304 1757

Page 6 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 130 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0307 1201 134 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1029 136 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1030 138 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0304 1031 139 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0304 1215 141 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1216 143 E HIGH ST 0304 1218 145 E HIGH ST 0304 1219 149 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1220 151 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0304 1221 153 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1222 155 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0304 1224 200 E HIGH ST 0304 1045 201 E HIGH ST 0304 1226 203 E HIGH ST 0304 1227 205 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 0989 206 E HIGH ST 0304 1044 209 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 0990 210 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 0768 212 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 0767 213 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0304 0991 213 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0304 0992 214 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1046 216 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1047 218 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 0766 219 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0304 1273 220 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 0765 226 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1067 228 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1066 230 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1063

Page 7 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 231 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0304 1274 232 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1062 233 E HIGH ST 0304 1275 236 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1052 237 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1276 CE-1320 238 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0304 1059 239 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0304 1277 240 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1051 241 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0304 1278 242 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1050 243 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0304 1279 244 E HIGH ST Contributing 0304 1645 245 E HIGH ST Noncontributing 0304 1280 208 W HIGH ST Noncontributing 0307 0418 214 W HIGH ST Noncontributing 0307 0415 215WHIGHST Contributing 0307 1344

216 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0414 217 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 1343 218 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0413 219 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 1342 220 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0412 221 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 1341 222 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0786 223 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 1340 224 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0411 226 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0410 227 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 1339 228 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0409 229 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 1338 230 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0408

Page 8 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 234 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0407 236 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0406 240 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0397 241 W HIGH ST 0307 0362 242 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0405 245 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0361 246 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0404 249 W HIGH ST Noncontributing 0307 0360 252 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0401 254 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0400 256 W HIGH ST Contributing 0307 0399 141 HOWARD ST 0307 1442 143 HOWARD ST 0307 1441 145 HOWARD ST 0307 1440 203 HOWARD ST Contributing 0308 1487 205 HOWARD ST Contributing 0308 1091 207 HOWARD ST Contributing 0308 1092 211 HOWARD ST Contributing 0308 1093 213 HOWARD ST Contributing 0308 1094 215 HOWARD ST 0308 1095 217 HOWARD ST Noncontributing 0308 1760

219 HOWARD ST Contributing 0308 1096 7 221 HOWARD ST Contributing 0308 1097 225 HOWARD ST Contributing 0308 1098 233 HOWARD ST Contributing 0308 1105 234 HOWARD ST Noncontributing 0308 1078 104 LANDING LANE 0307 1405 106 LANDING LANE 0307 1406

111 LANDING LANE Noncontributing 0307 0269 24 112 LANDING LANE Contributing 0307 1407

Page 9 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 113 LANDING LANE Contributing 0307 0268 25 114 LANDING LANE Contributing 0307 1408 115 LANDING LANE Noncontributing 0307 0267 26 116 LANDING LANE Contributing 0307 2043 117 LANDING LANE Contributing 0307 0266 27 102 LOCUST LANE Contributing 0304 1015 103 LOCUST LANE 0304 1005 104 LOCUST LANE Contributing 0304 1014 105 LOCUST LANE 0304 1003 106 LOCUST LANE Contributing 0304 1013 107 LOCUST LANE Contributing 0304 1012 108 LOCUST LANE Contributing 0304 1482 41 109 LOCUST LANE Contributing 0304 1004 225MACKALLST Noncontributing 0307 0333 227 MACKALL ST Contributing 0307 0332 229 MACKALL ST Contributing 0307 0330 239 MACKALL ST Contributing 0307 0947 243 MACKALL ST Contributing 0307 0948 245 MACKALL ST Contributing 0307 0949 247 MACKALL ST Contributing 0307 0950 251 MACKALL ST Contributing 0307 0951 255 MACKALL ST Noncontributing 0307 1410 257 MACKALL ST Contributing 0307 1582 259 MACKALL ST Contributing 0307 1411 261 MACKALL ST Contributing 0307 1412 265 MACKALL ST Contributing 0307 1413 269 MACKALL ST Contributing 0307 2043 273 MACKALL ST Contributing 0307 2043 104MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0432 106MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0431

Page 10 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 108MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0430 110MAFFITTST Noncontributing 0307 0429 112MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0428 112MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0428 114MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0427 116MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0426 119MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0387 120MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0424 25 123MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0388 124MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0423 26 125MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0389 126MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0422 27 127MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0390 128MAFFITTST Noncontributing 0307 0843 28 129MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0391 131 MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0392 132MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0421 133 MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0393 134 MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0865 135 MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0394 136 MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0420 30 140 MAFFITTST Contributing 0307 0419 100 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1169 103 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1174 105 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1175 106 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1167 109 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1176

111 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1177 112 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1166 114 E MAIN ST 0307 2030

Page 11 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 116 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1164 120 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1163 122 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1162 124 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1161 126 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1160 128 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1158 1 129 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1181 CE-246 130 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1158 2 131 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1182 CE-149 132 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1158 3 135 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1170 CE-1355 136 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1159 137 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0963 137 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1754 CE-1310 138 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1452 139 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0962 140 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1156 140 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1157 141 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0961 CE-269 142 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1155 CE-266 143 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0900 144 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 2404 1 144 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1154 CE-267 145 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0901 CE-150 147 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0965 CE-151 149 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0966 CE-1355 150 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1765 153 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0967 CE-152 155 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0968 156 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1149

Page 12 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 157 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0755 CE-153 170 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1140 190 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1129 200 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1083 201 E MAIN ST 0307 0927 202 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1858 203 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1048 204 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1654 204 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1084 205 E MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1049 CE-270 207 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1054 208 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1086 209 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1053 CE-258 210 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1087 211 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1055 212 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1088 213 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1056 CE-1312 214 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0308 1089 215 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1057 CE-154 216 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1090 217 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1058 CE-155 218 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1462 219 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1060 CE-257 220 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1115 CE-156 221 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1061 CE-157 222 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1114 CE-159 223 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 2090 CE-158 224 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1103 225 E MAIN ST 0304 1007 225 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0304 1011 CE-160

Page 13 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 226 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1113 CE-161 227 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1008 228 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1112 229 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1009 230 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1111 231 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1017 232 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1110 233 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1018 CE-1325 234 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1109 235 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1019 236 E MAIN ST Contributing 0308 1108 237 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1020 238 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1123 239 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1021 240 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1122 241 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1022 242 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1121 243 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1023 245 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1024 246 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1120 247 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 0792 26 250 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1119 CE-1327 252 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1118 CE-1315 253 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0304 0798 24 254 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1117 CE-1317 256 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1116 CE-1316 257 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1069 259 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1070 CE-1313 261 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1071 CE-1314 263 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1072

Page 14 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 265 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1073 267 E MAIN ST Noncontributing 0304 1075 269 E MAIN ST Contributing 0304 1074 CE-1311 102 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1168 104 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1373 106 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1374 108 W MAIN ST 0307 1375 109 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1184 109 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1187 111 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1185 111 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1985 112 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1376 113 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1186 116WMAINST Noncontributing 0307 1377 117WMAINST 0307 1401 118 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1378

120 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1379 121 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1400 123 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1399 124 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1484 129 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0756 129 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0756 130 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1382 131 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 0812 132 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1383 137 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0814 138 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1384 139 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0815 140 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1385 144 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1387

Page 15 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 148 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1388 150WMAINST Noncontributing 0307 1389 154 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1390 CE-719 156 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1391 160 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1393 162 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1394 166 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1395 168 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1396 170 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1397 202 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 1640 CE-259 203 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0919 205 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 1454 CE-255 207 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0435 208 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 0343 209 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0434 212 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0348 213 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0433 214 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0349 215 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0386 216 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0350 217WMAINST Contributing 0307 0574 218 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0351 219 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0385 CE-1356 220 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0341 221 W MAIN ST 0307 0384 222 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0340 223 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0383 226 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0339 227 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0381 228 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0808

Page 16 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 229 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0380 229 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0380 230 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0809 231 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0379 232 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0810 234 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0811 235 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0378 236 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0879 238 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0880 239 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0377 240 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0881 241 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0376 242 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0882 243 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0375 244 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 0883 245 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0374 247 W MAIN ST 0307 0373 248 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0884 CE-1357 251 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0372 252 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0885 256 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0886 257 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0371 258 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0922 260 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0923 CE-1358 261 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 0398 263 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0369 264 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0924 265 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0368 266 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0925 269 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0367

Page 17 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 270 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 0926 271 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 0366 300 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 0270 301 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 0251 308 W MAIN ST Noncontributing 0307 0272 4 309 W MAIN ST Contributing 0307 2029 106MILBURNST Contributing 0304 1272 107MILBURNST Contributing 0304 1254 108MILBURNST Contributing 0304 1271 109MILBURNST Contributing 0304 1255 110MILBURNST Contributing 0304 1270 111 MILBURN ST 0304 1256 112MILBURNST Contributing 0304 1298 114 MILBURN ST 0304 1746 115 MILBURN ST 0304 1257 116 MILBURN ST 0304 1744 117 MILBURN ST 0304 1258 118 MILBURN ST 0304 1299 119 MILBURN ST Contributing 0304 1259 123 MILBURN ST Contributing 0304 1260 125 MILBURN ST Contributing 0304 1261 127 MILBURN ST Contributing 0304 1262 107 NORTH ST Noncontributing 0307 1197 113 NORTH ST Contributing 0307 1194 114 NORTH ST Contributing 0307 1172 CE-262 117 NORTH ST Contributing 0307 1193 119 NORTH ST 0307 1192 120 NORTH ST 0307 1498 123 NORTH ST Contributing 0307 0820 123 NORTH ST Contributing 0307 1772

Page 18 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 127 NORTH ST Contributing 0307 1639 128 NORTH ST Contributing 0307 1336 CE-1334 130 NORTH ST Contributing 0307 0958 200 NORTH ST Noncontributing 0307 1463 201 NORTH ST Noncontributing 0307 0829 207 NORTH ST Noncontributing 0307 0827 208 NORTH ST Noncontributing 0303 1203 210 NORTH ST Noncontributing 0303 1331 214 NORTH ST 0303 1204 217 NORTH ST 0303 0832 219 NORTH ST 0303 1000 304 NORTH ST Noncontributing 0303 1328

308 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 1327 CE-1324/299 310 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 1326 CE-299A 312 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 1325 CE-1323 314 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 1499 316 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 1324 320 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 1323 322 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 1322 323 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0983 2 324 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0898 325 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0982 3 326 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0897 400 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0844 401 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0981 5 402 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0845 403 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0984 7 404 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0846 406 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0847 408 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0851

Page 19 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 410 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0852 412 NORTH ST Noncontributing 0303 0853 414 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0854 416 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0855 420 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0870 422 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0872 424 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0911 426 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0912 428 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0913 430 NORTH ST Contributing 0303 0914 107 OSAGE ST Contributing 0307 0338 109 OSAGE ST Contributing 0307 0337 113 OSAGE ST Noncontributing 0307 0336 114 OSAGE ST Contributing 0307 0352 115 OSAGE ST Noncontributing 0307 0335 116 OSAGE ST Contributing 0307 0353 117 OSAGE ST Noncontributing 0307 0334 118 OSAGE ST Noncontributing 0307 1002 103 SOUTH ST Contributing 0307 1082 107 SOUTH ST Contributing 0307 1081 111 SOUTH ST Contributing 0308 1080 115 SOUTH ST Contributing 0308 1079 101 STOCKTON ST Contributing 0303 1471 102 STOCKTON ST Contributing 0303 1318 104 STOCKTON ST Noncontributing 0303 1317 104 105 STOCKTON ST Contributing 0303 1319 106 STOCKTON ST 0303 1316 109 STOCKTON ST Noncontributing 0303 1320 1 116 STOCKTON ST Noncontributing 0303 1315 118 STOCKTON ST Contributing 0303 1314

Page 20 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 Contributing & Noncontributing Resources

District Name: Elkton Historic District Inventory Number: CE-1295

Address Contributing Resource? Map Parcel Block Lot Inventory No. 120 STOCKTON ST Contributing 0304 1313 122 STOCKTON ST Contributing 0304 1312 124 STOCKTON ST Contributing 0304 1311 1 VINSINGER LANE Contributing 0304 1064 3VINSINGERLANE Contributing 0304 1065

Page 21 of 21 Printed from Maryland Historical Trust Determinations of Eligibility Database 6/16/2004 NR-Eligible Districts within Elkton Multiple Resource Area (CE-1295) Elkton Quad " Cecil County CE-1295 Elkton Historic District Elkton Quadrangle

Maryland Historical Trust Determination of Eligibility Form

-perty Name: Elkton Resource Area Inventory Number: CE-1295 Address: Historic District: Yes X No City: Elkton Zip Code: County: Cecil

USGS Quadrangle(s):

Property Owner: Tax Account ID Number:

Tax Map Parcel Number(s): Tax Map Number:

Project: Agency:

Agency Prepared By:

Preparer's Name: Date Prepared:

Documentation Is Presented In:

Preparer's Eligibility Recommendation: Eligibility Recommended X Eligibility Not Recommended

Criteria: A B c D Considerations: A B c D E F G Complete if the property is a contributing or non-contributing resource to a NR district/property:

Name of the District/Property:

Inventory Number: Eligible: Yes Listed: Yes

Site Visit by MHT Staff: Yes No Name: Date:

Description of Property and Justification: (Please attach map and photo) e The entire area recorded as the Elkton Multiple Resource Area (CE-1295) is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Prior Determination of Eligibility forms listing CE-1295 as "eligible" were to indicate that this large survey area contained some smaller resources that are eligible, including North Residential District (CE-1530); East High Street Residential District (CE-1531); West Residential District (CE-1532); East Residential District (CE-1533); and the Commercial District (CE-1534).

MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST REVIEW

Eligibility Recommended: Eligibility Not Recommended: X Criteria: A B c D Considerations: A B c D E F G

MHT Comments: Jonathan Sager ----Tuesday, June 18, 2013 Reviewer, Office of Preservation Services Date

Peter Kurtze Tuesday, June 18, 2013 Reviewer, National Register Program Date

Tuesday, June 18, 2013 Printed from MHT GIS/Library Database ELKTON MULTIPLE RESOUFCF AREA

DESCRIPTION

The town of Elkton was inoorporated and designated the seat of Cecil County, Maryland, in 1787. Elkton's growth and development from the earliest patent in the 17 th century through the twentieth can largely be attributed to its location at the juncture of the headwaters of the Chesapeake Bay and overland travel routes, including the original Post Road between Philadelphia and Baltimore. An important commercial and industrial center in its early years, EDcton suffered a decline in prosperity in the mid-19th century, but the earning of new industries circa 1880-1900 again spurred the town's development.

The history of Elkton's development is amply reflected in its architecture, although a series of fires beginning in 1838 and recent re development have affected the survival of historic structures. Surviving resources are broadly separated by recent or substantially altered structures; it is for this reason that a determination of National Register eligibility as a multiple resource area is being sought. In its present form, Elkton exhibits a variety of styles, types, and levels of architecture clearly representing aspects of its long and various history, including a civic and commercial district, three areas of working-class housing and a neighborhood of fashionable homes of more affluent residents, and a number of individual sites representing different architectural forms and historic periods.

BOUNDARIES

The boundaries of Elkton multiple resource area are very similar to the corporate boundaries of the town as shown in Lake, Griffing, and Stevenson's 1877 Atlas of Cecil County. The area is bounded on the east and south by Big Elk Creek, on the north by the Conrail Tracks, and on the west by Landing Lane. Within the area are five smaller cohesive historic districts, including the Corrmer- cial district, the East, North, West, and East High Street Residential Districts, and interspersed among these are several individual sites worthy of listing in the National Register.

COMMERCIAL DISTRICT

The Commercial District comprises a number of architecturally-related structures dating from the second half of the 19th century through the first quarter of the 20th, located on both sides of North Street between Main and High Streets and on both sides of Main Street from Bridge Street to Groorne Lane.

The Clayton Building or Odd Fellows Lodge (1857)(1) stands at 114-118 North Street, a three-story gable-front brick building embodying features of the Romanesque Revival and Italianate styles. Above the first story, the facade is divided into five recessed bays holding tall, round-arched openings on the second story and arched 6/6 sash above, terminating in an elaborate arched corbel table under the bracketed eaves. The Elkton Police Department head quarters, (2) just south of the Clayton Building, is a massive two-story three- bay brick structure with a central tower suggesting the Italianate style. The Whig Building (1841, rebuilt 1882) (3) at 125 North Street, is a two-story, two-bay brick building representing a combination of mid to late 19th century architectural fashions. The Cecil County Banking and Trust Company, (4) 121 CE-1295

North Street, is an early 20th century Neoclassical building with a granite- block facade. The remaining structures on North Street are brick vernacular commercial building3 of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (5)

The three-story stuccoed Howard Hotel (6) at the northwest corner of North and Main Streets provides an important visual anchor with its two- story porch and seven-bay facade. For a block's distance east and west of the hotel Main Street is lined on both sides with two or three story commercial buildinas, usually of brick, dating from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which convey a feeling of "downtown" characteristic of small towns throughout the region. (7) (8)

West of Bow Street, the south side of Main Street is lined with a qroup of adjoining two and three story 18th and 19th century buildings. Formerly houses several are now partially modernized and converted to commercial use. 154 West Main Street (8) is one of the earliest; it has beaded siding and still reflects its original character. Just west of this group are several detached mid and late 19th century residences; several of these are also converted to commercial use, such as 158 West Main Street (9) , a mid-century hipped roofed house reflecting Greek Revival and Italian influence. At the corner of Main and Bridge Streets, the western boundary of this district, is a group of adjoining late 19th century brick buildings, including a three-story row house (10) and three story commercial block. (11)

The north side of this section of Main Street differs from the south side in that it contains a series of large, detached structures of varying types and periods, set hack from the street. The Chevron gas station (12) on the northwest corner of Main and Bow Streets was erected circa 1935 as a Pure Oil Company station; its picturesque cottage form is typical of the "Domestic" style which characterized gas station architecture from the mid-twenties through the 1930's. Just west of this building is Partridge Hill, (13) 129 West Main Street a fine, well preserved brick house of 1768 with many of its original interior features. It was built by Colonel Henry Hollingsworth, who was Quartermaster and Commissary of the Eastern Shore during the Revolutionary War.

The Colonial Revival House at 135 West Main (14) , a brick, gambrel roofed house with a date of 1885 in its north gable, is an early building in this style ^^ still retains many of its original decorative details. The two- story, hip roofed Elkton Post Office at 137 West Main was built in 1939 of Port Deposit granite. The size height, scale, and design of this simplified Federal Revival style building contribute to the quality of the streetscape in the area. At the western end of the block, at the northeast corner of Main and Bridge' Streets, is the First National Bank Building (15), 139 West Main, a tall thre-e-story Federal style brick building originally a residence. Its unusual four bay wide, asymmetrical fenestration and original appearance are still clearly visible despite a modern balcony and two-story portico. It also has a cui'V^ projecting bay on its northwest corner, a feature typical of Federal nnd Neo-classical design but not frequently seen. - 3 -

EAST RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT

The East Residential District contains buildings fronting on the north side of East Main Street from Groome Lane to the north branch of Big Elk Creek. On the south side of Main Street, it extends from South Street to a short distance west of the branch. It also contains part of Locust Lane and Church Street, north of Main Street.

In addition, it includes the area south of Main Street bounded on the west by South Street, on the south by Howard Street, and along the east side of Delaware Avenue to the creek.

The East Residential District is the largest in size of the four residential districts, and is the richest and most varied in its architecture. It contains well preserved buildings from the 18th century to the 20th century, of varying sizes, ages, levels of complexity, and architectural styles. Buildings reflecting almost every architectural fashion during this period blend easily and comfortably, providing a sense of cohesiveness, continuity, gradual change and evolution (16, 17, 18, 19). There are only a few recent houses, vtfiich are small and in traditional design, blending unobtrusively with the older buildings. Many of the district*a houses are unified by similar settings of shady yards, tree lined streets, front porches, and in many places, old brick sidewalks (20, 21).

Although there are a number of buildings dating from the late 18th and early 19th century concentrated on the western end of East Main Street within the district, the overall character of the district is dominated by the large and substantial houses built on East Main Street in the late 19th century, (22) a time of commercial prosperity and growth in Elkton. East Main Street can be characterized as Elkton's most fashionable and affluent neighborhood, with the area to its south along Delaware Avenue, South and Howard Streets containing smaller, less elaborate workers''hemes like those in the other three residential districts.

The western end of Main Street within the district (23) contains a few late 18th and early 19th century buildings, including the Mitchell House, (24) listed on the National Register of Historic Places. These are often of brick, two stories high, three bays wide, and set close to the street (25). The Hermitage, another early residence, is located further east, off Main Street (26). Further east on Main Street, are a nurriber of mid-19th century houses reflecting Greek Revival and Italian Villa influence (18, 27) . These are usually 2 or 2 1/2 stories, three bays wide, and severe and cubical in form with hipped roofs. Several of these are ornamented with unusually elaborate cast iron porches as at 220 (28) and 222 (29) East Main Street.

Several other houses along Mia in Street reflect the Gothic Revival influence of .the mid-19th century (16), with center cross gables, porches, scrollwork brackets, bargeboards and finials. Several hones reflect the architectural fashions of the years following the Civil War, the Italianate and Second Empire, either constructed in these styles or altered with mansard roofs, bracketed cornices, and projecting three-sided bays, as at 257 East Main Street (30). 157 East Main Street (31) is a particularly good example of the Italianate, retaining its mansard roof, quoins, window hoods, bracketed cornice, panelled doors, and long windows, and stucco scored to simulate ashlar. - 4 - CE-1295

The buildings which perhaps dominate East Main Street are the large homes built from the 1880's to the early decades of the 20th century, the tine of Elkton's commercial expansion. These houses provide excellent examples of several architectural movements of the period. Collectively and also within individual buildings, the eclecticism of the period is clearly reflected.

250 East Main Street (32) features an excellent Stick Style two-story porch on an asymmetrically composed, many gabled Queen Anne house with patterned shingles, the suggestion of medieval overhangs and half-timbering, and many chimneys. A rear wing, however, contains Colonial Revival decoration in its two-story closed-in porch. Next to this, at 252 East Main (33) is another Qaeen Anne house with similar features and decorative details.

254 East Main (34) combines Queen Anne, Shingle Style, and Colonial Revival elements in a unified design, with a shingled exterior, large porch, interesting sequence of roof lines, and the free interpretation of architectural motifs in the dormer and the recessed window in the front gable. 235 East Main (35) is a Colonial Revival house with a hipped roof main block, sheathed with both shingles and clapboards, and retaining its Colonial Revival decorative detailing. The asymmetrical composition, and the octagonal tower on the southwest corner, however, show the influence of the Queen Anne rather than adherence to principles of classical design.

An unusual house at 2<2 East Main Street (36), is basically Colonial Revival with a Dutch flavor combined with the influence of the Shingle Style and the bungalow mode. The curved front gable and the treatment of the interrupted east gable chimney with patterned brickrark are interesting features. The district also includes some good small early 20th century bungalows on the west side of Locust lane, north of East Main Street.

To the south of Main Street, along the east side of South Street, north side of Howard, and both sides of Delaware Avenue, (Md. Rt. 281) is a small area of smaller, less elaborate 19th century houses. Many of these were built to house local workers and are similar to those described in the other three Elkton residential districts. Several two story frame buildings with gable end facades and one story porches are located on the east side of Delaware Avenue (37) . Along Howard and South Streets are a number of identical two and three story, gable roofed, duplex houses with roof ridge aligned parallel to the street (38),

The district also contains two churches, both good examples of different phases of 19th century Gothic design. The 1859 Elkton Methodist Church (39) of monochromatic brownstone, is in a simple, traditional ecclesiastical form with a central shingled square tower, and imitative and superficial Gothic motifs. It is typical mid-century Gothic Revival churches built in many Maryland towns. The Presbyterian Church, (40) originally built in 1833 and enlarged to its present form in 1873 is red brick. Its contrasting stone trim, tower and entrance to one side, large central window, increased freedom in the design and in the use of Gothic elements, and increased solidity and sense of massive- ness all reflect developments in architectural design in the Victorian Gothic of the 1870's. - 5 - CE-1295

NORTH AND VEST RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS

The North Residential District, comprising those buildings on the east side of North Street, north of Railroad Avenue, and on both sides of Stockton Street, east of North Street, reflects the housing boom which accompanied the influx of new industries into Elkton in the last quarter of the 19th century. These buildings typify workers' housing of the period (41): predominantly 2 1/2 story, three bay frame houses with gable fronts or central cross- gables, and with one-story porches spanning the facades. Several of these buildings are duplexes. All are located on small lots, spaced close to each other and to the street. Alterations are for the most part minor and reversible, and do not obscure the essential form of these buildings.

The West Residential District also exemplifies workers* housing of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The houses in this district are generally somewhat larger and more stylish than those in the North, and occupy larger, tree- shaded lots. Several brick buildings appear here, although most are of frame construction. Decorative features typical of the period are evident, such as the sawn vergeboard trim of 217 VJest Main Street (42) and the stickwork detailing of 222 and 224 VJest High Street. There have been few alterations or intrusions in the VJest Residential District, which includes buildings on both sides of VJest Main Street between Maffit and Blue Ball Streets, the east side of Blue Ball Street between West Main and the Conrail Tracks, both sides of VJest High Street between Blue Ball and Maffit Streets, and both sides of Maffit Street between VJest High and VJest Main Streets.

EAST HIGH STBEET RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT

The East High Street Residential District, comprising the houses on both sides of High Street between North Street and Landing Lane, on both sides of Collins Avenue, Millbum Street, Clinton Street and Bethel Street, and on the west side of Boothe Street, is signficant as a oommunity of industrial housing representing the various periods of Elkton*s prosperity during the 19th century. While several late 19th century houses similar to those in the North and West residential districts are scattered throughout the neighborhood, the predominant form appears to date from Elkton's ascendancy as a commercial and industrial center around mid-century. Tnese are simple two or three story, gable-roofed frame houses, 3 or 4 bays wide, mostly duplexes, arranged in rows very close to the street. (43, 44) Many retain their original 6/6 sash and clapboard siding; such alterations as have been made to houses within the district are reversible and limited to more recent forms of sash and siding which do not com promise the form and character of these structures.

Two very plain, vernacular Gothic churches are located within the district; both are stuccoed, gable-front structures, three bays wide by four bays deep, with peaked windows. The entrances are centered in the facades, with circular windows above. These buildings are typical of late 19th century churches serving black congregations. (45, 46) - 6 -

INDIVIDUAL SITES

The following individual structures are also included in the Elkton Multiple Resource Area:

The Cecil County Sheriff's Office (47) on North Street, a long, narrow building with a pedimented gable end facade, is built in two sections. A brick Italianate front section, three bays wide with paired segrnentally arched windows and an elaborate doorway, is connected to the rear stone portion and unified under a long gable roof and continuous bracketed cornice.

Hollingsworth Tavern (48) 205-207 West Main Street, is a mid-18th century brick tavern with important associations with Elkton's history as a strategic point on travel and military routes. Similar in form to Partridge Hill, its original appearance and details such as its keystone lintels are still clearly visible despite the nodernization of its front doorway.

Brick House (49) 200 West Main Street, is a good example of the typical town houses o± "the late 18th-early 19th century in Elkton; few of these remain intact and unaltered in Elkton.

TrinityEpis copal Church (50) Northwest corner of West Main Street and Bridge Street, is a carefully designed Victorian Gothic church which is in excellent condition and very well preserved. It features a polychromatic combination of dark stone and contrasting red brickwork which is used in horizontal bands and as trim around openings. It also has a striking bell-tower, buttresses, original large door hinges, stained glass, tiles, and slate roof. To the rear is a small hipped roof brick and stone parish house of similar design (51) .

SIGNIFICANCE

Elkton's advantageous location at the juncture of major transportation corridors was instrumental in its achievement of significance in the military, ccrrrrercial, and industrial history of the region. Elkton figures prominently in the military history of the nation. It served as a key point of embarcation during the Revolutionary War: in 1777 the British General Howe landed his armies here en route to Philadelphia; it was this maneuver which doomed General Burgoyne at Saratoga. In March, 1781, Lafayette embarked from Elkton with troops bound for Annapolis, and in September of the same year, Washington also embarked from Elkton to inaugurate the climactic Yorktown campaign. Elkton retained its strategic importance during the War of 1812 when British marines under Admiral Cockburn mounted an unsuccessful attack on the town. Elkton preceded Baltimore in the development of the flour-packing industry and was hailed in 1807 as an important wheat market, with trade at that time having attained a level of 250,000 bushels per year. After the War of 1812, packet lines continued to run between Elkton and Baltimore, and the New Castle Frenchtown Railroad (1832) increased Elkton's importance as a transportation center. CE-1295

Numerous mills were established on the Elk River, evidenced by surviving millraces (52)/ and the town thrived. Prosperity waned in subsequent years until the post-Civil War period, when new industries including pulp mills, machine shops, fertilizer plants and canneries came to the town, stimulating housing construction as reflected in the late 19th century residential districts.

EDcton's history and development are clearly reflected in the five districts and four individual structures within the Multiple Resource Area. The town is architecturally significant in possessing a large and varied collection of well-preserved structures representing changing fashions in residential, ccrtTTercial and ecclesiastical architecture from the mid-eighteenth to early twentieth centuries, with an especially fine concentration of houses, churches, and oarrrercial buildings dating from the latter half of the nineteenth century.

Peter E. Kurtze and Peggy Bruns Weissnan Maryland Historical Trust 21 State Circle - Shaw House Annapolis, Maryland (301) 269-2438 CE-1295 MAJOR BIHLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

Ccoch, Frances A. Little Known History of_Newark, Delaware and its Environs. Newark, Del.: The Press of .

Footner, Hulbert, Maryland Main and the Eastern Shore. New York: Appleton Century, 1942.

Fox, W. L. , and Walsh, Richard. Maryland: A History 1632-1974. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, X974. Johnston, George. History of Cecil County^ Maryland. Elkton: Privately printed, 1881.

McSherry, James. History of Maryland. Baltimore: The Baltimore Book Co., 1904

Miller, Alice E. Cecil County, Maryland: A Study In Local History. Elkton: C & L Printing Co., 1949.

Vieyra, Daniel I. Fill 'Er Up: An Architectural History of America's Gas Stations. New York: Collier Books, 1979.

Wilstock, Paul. Tidewater Maryland. New York: Tudor Publishing Co., 1945.

STATE OF MARYLAND MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Elkton Multiple Resource District Kean's Row" looking east Peggy Weissmann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

Elkton Multiple Resource District East Main Street looking west from 222 Main Street Peggy Weissnann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

Elkton Multiple Resource District East Main Street Looking East from Baptist Church Peggy Weissmann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

ELkton Multiple Resource District East Main Street Looking West toward courthouse Peggy Weissnann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT CE-1295

Elkton Multiple Resource District Delaware and Howard Streets looking North Peggy Weissnann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

Elkton Multiple Resource District East Main Street South side looking West Peggy Weissnann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

Elkton Multiple Resource District East Main Street Looking West from Baker Law Office Peggy Welssmann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

Elkton Multiple Resource District East Main Street Looking west from 157 Main St. Peggy Weissnann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

Elk ton Multiple Resource District Big Elk Creek Peggy Weissnann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

Elkton Multiple Resource District East Main Street South side, looking West Peggy Weissnann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

Pesource District 256 East Main Street North Elevation G° Henry 5/85 - Negatives at MHT

Elkton Multiple Resource District East Main Street North Side Peggy Weissmnn/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

Elkton Multiple Resource District East Main Street South side looking east Peggy Weissnann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

CE-1295 EUcton Multiple Resource District East Main Street (North side with Presbyterian church in background) Peggy Weissnann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MKT

Elkton Multiple Resource District Delaware Avenue looking North Peggy Weissrann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

Elkton Multiple Resource District 252, 254, East Main Street Peggy Weissmann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

Elkton Multiple Resource District 248 East Main St., Locking W. Peggy Weissmann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

Elkton Multiple Resource Distxict 259 East Main Street Gees Funeral Home Peggy Weissnann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

CE-1295 Big Elk Creek along Howard Street Peggy Weissmann/Peter Kurtze, 1980 Negatives at MHT

Elkton Multiple Resource District