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Maryland Historical Magazine Vol Winter 2013 M A R Y L A N D Maryland In this issue . Historical Historical Magazine Before the Storm: Maryland Shipping, 1750–1775 by John F. Wing Magazine The Rhetoric and Reality of English Law in Colonial Maryland, Part I—1632–1689 by Jeffrey K. Sawyer White Community Involvement in the 1906 Annapolis Lynching of Henry Davis by C. Christopher Brown Research Notes & Maryland Miscellany Captain Henry Thompson’s First Baltimore Horse Artillery in the Defense of Baltimore in the War of 1812, by Nelson Mott Bolton and Christopher T. George John Work Garrett, Civil War Photography, and the Varieties of Historical Causation, by Matthew J. Hetrick Index to Volume 108 Vol. 108, No. 4, Winter 2013 The Journal of the Maryland Historical Society Friends of the Press of the Maryland Historical Society The Publications Committee continues its stalwart support of Maryland Historical Society books with the funding of two titles during this season of com- memorating the sesquicentennial of the Civil War and the bicentennial of the War of 1812. Ross J. Kelbaugh, Maryland’s Civil War Pho- tographs: The Sesquicentennial Collection, is a vast photographic record of the people, places, and events surrounding the war. It is also the largest collection of original Maryland-related Civil War photographs ever published. Donald R. Hickey’s 187 Things You Should Know About the War of 1812 is a concise and informative introduction to the often complex issues surrounding that conflict, presented in an engaging question-and- answer format. These books are numbers five and six of the Friends of the Press titles, continuing the society’s mission to bring forth the best new Maryland history. We invite you to become a supporter, to follow the path first laid out with the society’s founding in 1844. Help us fill in the unknown pages of Maryland’s past for future generations. Become, quite literally, an im- portant part of Maryland history. If you would like to make a tax-deductible gift to the Friends of the Press, please direct your gift to Development, Maryland His- torical Society, 201 W. Monument Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201. For additional information on MdHS publications, contact Patricia Dockman Anderson, Editor, 410-685-3750 x317, or [email protected]. Maryland Historical Society Founded 1844 Officers Thomas A. Collier, Chairman James W. Constable, Secretary Richard C. Tilghman Jr., Vice Chairman Louise Lake Hayman, Vice President Burton K. Kummerow, President M. Willis Macgill, Vice President Cecil E. Flamer, Treasurer Lynn Springer Roberts, Vice President Board of Trustees Thomas C. Barbuti Brian W. Hammock Immediate Past Chairman Robert G. Bolton Louis G. Hecht Robert R. Neall H. Clay Braswell Jr. Frederick M. Hudson Chairpersons Emeriti Francis J. Carey III George S. Malouf Jr. Jack S. Griswold Robert M. Cheston Jr. Jayne H. Plank Barbara P. Katz Virginia Clagett Brien Poffenberger Stanard T. Klinefelter W. Talbot Daley George S. Rich Henry Hodges Stansbury Russell C. Dashiell Jr. Jacqueline Smelkinson Sandra R. Flax Ex-Officio Trustees The Hon. John P. Sarbanes The Hon. David R. Craig The Hon. Stephanie Rawlings-Blake, Representative: William B. Gilmore II The Hon. Kevin Kamenetz, Representative: Richard Parsons John Siemon, Maryland Genealogical Society Chandler B. Denison, Young Defenders Representative The Maryland Historical Magazine Patricia Dockman Anderson, Editor Matthew Hetrick, Associate Editor Christopher T. George, Donna B. Shear, Joe Tropea, Editorial Associates Editorial Board H. Thomas Howell, Interim Chair Jean H. Baker; Robert J. Brugger; Deborah Cardin; Lois Green Carr; Suzanne E. Chapelle; Marilyn Davis; Toby L. Ditz; Jack G. Goellner; Elizabeth Gray; Norvell E. Miller III; Charles W. Mitchell; Edward C. Papenfuse; Lawrence Peskin; Jean B. Russo; James F. Schneider; David S. Thaler The Maryland Historical Magazine welcomes submissions from authors and letters to the editor. Letters may be edited for space and clarity. All articles will be acknowledged, but only those accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope will be returned. Submissions should be printed or typed manuscript. Address Editor, Maryland Historical Magazine, 201 West Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201. Include name, address, and daytime telephone number. Once accepted, articles should be on CDs (MS Word or PC convertible format), or may be emailed to [email protected]. The guidelines for contributors are available on our website at www.mdhs.org. ISSN 0025-4258 © 2013 by the Maryland Historical Society. Published quarterly as a benefit of membership in the Maryland Historical Society, spring, summer, fall, and winter. Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and/or America: History and Life. Periodicals postage paid at Baltimore, Maryland, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Please send address changes to the Maryland Historical Society, 201 West Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. Printed by The Sheridan Press, Hanover, Pennsylvania 17331. M A R Y L A N D Historical Magazine VOLUME 108, NO. 4 (Winter 2013) CONTENTS Before the Storm: Maryland Shipping, 1750–1775 ..................................................................369 JOHN F. WING The Rhetoric and Reality of English Law in Colonial Maryland, Part I—1632–1689 ........................................................................................................................393 JEFFREY K. SAWYER White Community Involvement in the 1906 Annapolis Lynching of Henry Davis ...........411 C. CHRISTOPHER BROWN Research Notes & Maryland Miscellany .................................................................................420 Captain Henry Thompson’s First Baltimore Horse Artillery in the Defense of Baltimore in the War of 1812, by Nelson Mott Bolton and Christopher T. George John Work Garrett, Civil War Photography, and the Varieties of Historical Causation, by Matthew J. Hetrick Letters to the Editor ................................................................................................................... 462 Index to Volume 108 ..................................................................................................................466 Cover President John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917–1963) In the fiftieth anniversary year of his death, the Maryland Historical Magazine pays tribute to the charismatic leader whose exuberance and optimism rallied a generation of idealistic young Americans with his inaugural address, delivered on a bitterly cold January 20, 1961: “Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans—born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage—and unwilling to wit- ness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty. And so, my fellow Ameri- cans: ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country.” PDA 368 Maryland Historical Magazine Eighteenth-century Chesapeake merchants prospered as the tobacco economy shifted to an export market that thrived on a variety of crops. Emanuel Bowen, A New and Accurate Map of Virginia and Maryland, 1747 [1752]. Maryland Shipping, 1770–1775 369 Before the Storm: Maryland Shipping, 1750–1775 JOHN F. WING n the twenty-five years leading up to the Revolutionary War, Patrick Creagh and Samuel Galloway, Maryland businessmen, represented a growing class of local merchants who built, owned, and operated vessels in Maryland’s shipping. They Isent them to England, the Caribbean Islands, and to sister colonies in North America. The wind-driven wooden vessels were loaded with Maryland’s agricultural output and brought back household goods, sugar, rum, salt, wine, and people. Maryland’s economy and its ocean trade were increasing in part due to the entrepreneurial spirit of men such as Creagh and Galloway, the diversification of its export cargoes, and the accumulation of capital. The London-based merchants and New England ship owners who had controlled colonial shipping were now facing competition. The Revolutionary War, though, ended the long growth of Maryland trade and shipping, the cornerstones of the colony’s economy. This essay focuses on the period of profound shift from dependence on tobacco exports to Britain to development of a broader agricultural base, which overtook tobacco’s share of the provincial economy. Manufactured products, which had been imported exclusively from Britain, were now increasingly made locally as well as in other American colonies. Vessels were being built and crewed in Maryland. All of these developments describe a more self-reliant economy than the highly dependent tobacco economy that characterized Maryland fifty years earlier. The principal economic change was the decline in tobacco exports and the increase in a wider set of exports: wheat, flour, corn, timber, ships, and iron. At the same time the vessels in Maryland’s overseas trades evolved from three-masted, square-rigged vessels—ships, hagboats, flyboats, and pinks, and a small number of two-masted vessels (brigantines, ketches, and barks)—to a more even mix of ships, brig types, schooners, and sloops. Rather than being confined
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