DOCSLIB.ORG

Tolkappiyam and Modern Tamil S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tolkappiyam and Modern Tamil S îINò™îINò™ JOURNAL OF TAMIL STUDIES JANUARY 2017 àôèˆ îIö£ó£Œ„C GÁõù‹ F¼õœÀõ˜ ݇´ 2047-2048, ¶¡ºA, ñ£˜èN - ¬î INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TAMIL STUDIES Tharamani, Chennai - 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India. ISSN No. 0022-4855 Vol. No. 95, Issue: January 2017 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TAMIL STUDIES Board of Governors JANUARY 2017 CHAIRMAN Thiru Sevvoor S.Ramachandran Hon'ble Minister for Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments, Tamil Official Language and Tamil Culture, Govt. of Tamil Nadu. VICE-CHAIRMEN Mr. R.Venkatesan I.A.S. Secretary to Government Tamil Development and Information Department, Govt. of Tamil Nadu. Vice-Chancellor University of Madras, Chennai. Vice-Chancellor Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar. Vice-Chancellor Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai. Vice-Chancellor Tamil University, Thanjavur. MEMBERS SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT Finance Department, Govt. of Tamil Nadu. Dr. F. GROS Former Director, French Institute of Indology, Pondicherry (IATR-Representative). DIRECTOR Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore. MEMBER SECRETARY Dr. G. Vijayaraghavan Director, International Institute of Tamil Studies, Chennai. îINò™îINò™ JOURNAL OF TAMIL STUDIES JANUARY 2017 àôèˆ îIö£ó£Œ„C GÁõù‹ F¼õœÀõ˜ ݇´ 2047-2048, ¶¡ºA, ñ£˜èN - ¬î INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TAMIL STUDIES Tharamani, Chennai - 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India. www.ulakaththamizh.org / E-mail : [email protected] Phone: 22542992, 22542781/ Fax: 22541436 ISSN No. 0022-4855 Vol. No. 95, Issue: January 2017 BOARD OF EDITORS Dr. G.L. HART Professor of Tamil Language (Retd.) Dept. of South and South East Asian Studies, University of California, U.S.A. Dr. S.N. KANDASAMY Professor of Tamil (Retd.), Tamil University, Thanjavur. Dr. Pon. KOTHANDARAMAN Former Vice-Chancellor, University of Madras, Chennai. Dr. G. VIJAYARAGHAVAN Editor-in-Chief Dr. B. RAJA Associate Editor Editorial Board Dr. P. SELVAKUMAR Dr. A. THASARATHAN Dr. M.J. RABI SINGH Kalaimamani MARAIMALAIYAN îINòL™ Þ싪ðÁ‹ 膴¬óèO¡ 輈¶èÀ‚°‚ 膴¬ó ÝCKò˜è«÷ ªð£ÁŠ¹ Ýõ˜. Articles in the Journal of Tamil Studies do not necessarily represent either the views of the International Institute of Tamil Studies or those of the Board of Editors. ªð£¼÷ì‚è‹ 01. ºî¡¬ñ ÝCKò˜ à¬ó 1 02. â‹.âv. ݉ˆFó«ù£š °.Ü™L 2 03. ². ¬õò£¹KŠ 𤜬÷ ð£.Þó£ê£ 5 04. Morphology of Tamil Pronominal System - TolkAppiyam and Modern Tamil S. Manoharan 14 05. On the Human Predicament: Shakespeare and the Sangam Poets P. Marudanayagam 31 06. ¹øï£ÛŸÁ ªïPJ™ - ñ£Âìõ£›«õ ñèˆî£ù õ£›¾ è£.eó£ 55 07. àôè Þ¬ê ñŸÁ‹ è¬ôèÀ‚°ˆ  îI«ö ¹wðõù‹ °Š¹ê£I 68 08. Chola Inscription on a Menhir from Mepara, Rajakumari Panchayat, Idukki district, Kerala Ajit Kumar 78 09. A historical survey of Tamil palm-leaf Manuscripts A. Thasarathan 86 10. °ô¬õ Þ´î™ - Fó£Mì ÝŠHK‚è åŠd´ î£ò‹ñ£œ Üøõ£í¡ 105 11. ð‡¬ìò îIöèˆF™ Ëôèƒèœ Þó£.ªð¼ñ£œê£I 110 12. Ë™ ñFŠ¹¬ó ².îI›„ªê™M 116 Journal of Tamil Studies vi REVISED SUBSCRIPTION Within India Outside India Life Membership Rs. 6000.00 U.S.$. 200 or Rs. 12000.00 Institutional Membership Rs. 8000.00 U.S.$. 250 or Rs. 15000.00 Annual Rs. 400.00 U.S.$. 24 or Rs. 1400.00 Single Copy Rs. 120.00 U.S.$. 7 or Rs. 400.00 F¼ˆFò¬ñ‚èŠð†ì ê‰î£ Mõó‹ àœï£´ ªõO Ý»œ ê‰î£ àÁŠHù˜ Ï. 6000.00 U.S.$. 200 (Ü) Ï. 12000.00 GÁõù„ê‰î£ àÁŠHù˜ Ï. 8000.00 U.S.$. 250 (Ü) Ï. 15000.00 ݇´„ ê‰î£ Ï. 400.00 U.S.$. 24 (Ü) Ï. 1400.00 å¼ ð® Ï. 120.00 U.S.$. 7 (Ü) Ï. 400.00 No.90 2015 Journal of Tamil Studies 1 ºî¡¬ñ ÝCKò˜ à¬ó «ð󡹬ìf˜, õí‚è‹. àôèˆ îIö˜èO¡ ÞîòƒèO™ îñ¶ åŠðŸø ÝÀ¬ñŠ ð‡ð£™ C‹ñ£êù‹ Þ†´, 噽‹ õ¬èªò™ô£‹ Üõ˜î‹ ïô‹ Cø‚è Ü™½‹ ð轋 î‹ ªñŒõ¼ˆî‹ ð£ó£¶ Üòó£¶ à¬öˆî ñ£‡¹I° îIöè ºî™õ˜ Ü‹ñ£ Üõ˜èœ àì™ïô‚ °¬øõ£™ Ü™ôŸð†´ ñªò™ô£‹ e÷£ˆ¶òK™ Ý›ˆFM†´ e÷£ˆ¶JL™  Ý›‰Fì º®ªõ´ˆF†ì£˜. ⊪𣿶‹ Üõó¶ º®¬õ ãŸè£î âF˜‚è†Cèœ Üõó¶ Þ‰î º®¬õ»‹ ãŸèM™¬ô. 膮ò èóƒèÀì¡ èìŸè£ŸÁ‹ è¬ó«õ†®èÀ‹ Þîò‚ è¬ó‚°œ Üìƒè£î èõ¬ô ܬôèœ è¬ó‚°‹ Þîòˆ¬îˆ AŠ H®ˆîù ¹ó†®Š«ð£†ì ¹ò¬ôŠ ¹ó†Cˆî¬ôM õ£˜Š¹èœ ¹Kî½ì¡ âF˜ªè£‡ìù˜. ¹øŠð†ìù˜ îI› 裂è! Ü‹ñ£¬õ ªï…C™ A! ñ£‡¹I° Ü‹ñ£M¡ G¬ù¾è¬÷ˆ A, õ÷˜„CŠð£¬îJ™ ¹¶ï¬ìðJ½‹ àôèˆ îIö£ó£Œ„C GÁõùˆF¡ îINò™ Þî› î¡ Þô‚¬è «ï£‚AŠ ðòE‚Aø¶. ‘¹Fòù ¹°î½‹ õ¿õô è£ôõ¬èJù£«ù’ â‹ ßÁ‚° ãŸðŠ ðFò‹ ðô «ð£†´Š ¹¶Š¹¶ ÝŒ¾ õó¾è¬÷ M¬÷„êô£Œˆ îINò™ î¼Aø¶. Þˆ îIö£Œ¾Š ðEJ™ ß´ð†´õ¼‹ ÝŒõPë˜èO¡ à¬öŠ¹‚°ˆ îIö£Œ¾ôè‹ â¡ªø¡Á‹ ï¡P‚ èìŠð£´¬ìò¶. îI› ªî£ì˜ð£ù ÝŒõóƒèƒèœ, è¬ôGÁõùƒèœ ÝAòõŸP¡ ªêò™ð£´è¬÷ àô° ÜP»‹ õ‡í‹ ªõOJì àôèˆ îIö£ó£Œ„C GÁõù‹ M¼‹¹A¡ø¶. âù«õ, àôªèƒ°‹ ðóMõ£¿‹ îIö˜èœ ݃裃°ˆ îI› õ÷˜„C‚°‹ àôè 弬ñŠð£†´‚°‹ «ñŸªè£‡´õ¼‹ ªêò™ð£´è¬÷ ÜŠH»îMìˆ îINò™ Þî› ÝŒ¾‚°¿ «è†´‚ ªè£œAø¶. ÝŒ¾ôAŸ°Š ðò¡ð´‹ õ¬èJ™ ÝŒ«õ´èœ °Pˆî °PŠ¹‹ îINòL™ õöƒèŠð쾜÷¶. âù«õ, Þ¶è£Á‹ «ñŸªè£œ÷ŠªðŸø º¬ùõ˜ð†ì ÝŒ«õ´èœ °Pˆî îèõ™è¬÷»‹ ÜŠH»îMìŠ ð™è¬ô‚èöèƒè¬÷»‹ îI› àò󣌾 ¬ñòƒè¬÷»‹ îINò™ Þî› ÝŒ¾‚°¿ «è†´‚ ªè£œAø¶. îINò™ Þî› H¬öF¼ˆî‹ ªêŒîOˆî º¬ùõ˜ Ý.îêóî¡ Üõ˜èÀ‚°‹ èEQJ™ õ®õ¬ñˆî F¼.Ý.Mñô£Fˆî‚°‹ ï¡P. îóñ£ù ÝŒMî›èO¡ õK¬êJ™ îINò™ Þî¿‹ ªî£ì˜‰¶ ðòE‚èˆ îƒèœ ܬùõK¡ 制¬öŠ¬ð»‹ ªðK¶‹ M¼‹¹‹... ºî¡¬ñ ÝCKò˜ No.95No.88 JANUARAPRILY 20172015 Journal of Tamil Studies 2 «ñ¬ô ´ˆ îIöPë˜ õK¬ê 02. â‹.âv. ݉ˆFó«ù£š °.Ü™L HøŠ¹ ÜPë˜ Ý‰ˆFó«ù£š 1931Ý‹ ݇´ HŠóõKˆ Fƒèœ 24Ý‹  à¼Cò£M¡ î¬ôïèó£ù ñ£v«è£M™, ð®ˆî, ð£ó‹ðKòI‚è APˆîõ‚ °´‹ðˆF™ Hø‰î£˜. è™M 1949Þ™ ݉ˆFó«ù£š ñ£v«è£M™ àœ÷ W›ˆF¬ê ªñ£NèO¡ è™M GÁõùˆF™ ñ£íõó£è„ «ê˜‰î£˜. ܃° õƒè£÷‹, Þ‰F, îI› ÝAò ªñ£Nè¬÷‚ èŸø£˜. 1954-57 õ¬óJ™ ÜPë˜ â‹.âv.݉ˆFó«ù£š º¶è¬ôŠ ð†ì ñ£íõó£è Ü«î è™M GÁõùˆF™ 𮈶ˆ «î˜„C»Ÿø£˜. 1958 - 59Ý‹ ݇´èO™ ªê¡¬ùŠ ð™è¬ô‚èöèˆF™ îI›ˆ ¶¬øJ™ ÝŒ¾ ñ£íõó£è„ «ê˜‰î£˜. ªðŸø ð†ìƒèœ ݉ˆFó«ù£š 1964Þ™ º¶G¬ôŠ ð†ì‹ ªðŸø£˜. º¬ùõ˜ (Ph.D.) ð†ìº‹ º¶ º¬ùõ˜ (D.Litt.) ð†ìº‹ Þ‰Fò ªñ£Nèœ ê£˜‰î ð†ìƒèÀ‹ ªðŸø£˜ (1971). îI›ŠðE îI› ªñ£NJ¡ Þô‚èí ÝŒõ£ù¶ Üî¡ «ð„² õö‚°è¬÷»‹ ð™«õÁõ¬è Þô‚Aò ï¬ìèOL¼‰¶‹ «êèK‚èŠð†ì °PŠ¹èO™ Þ¼‰¶‹ Fó£Mì ªñ£NèO¡ Þô‚èí 効¬ñè¬÷»‹ ¬ñòŠð´ˆFò‹. Þî¡ Ü®Šð¬ìJ™ ݉ˆFó«ù£õ£™ â¿îŠð†ì Grammar of Modern and Classical Tamil (îŸè£ô Þô‚Aò ïò‹ õ£Œ‰î îI› No.95No.88 JANUARAPRILY 20172015 Journal of Tamil Studies 3 Þô‚èí‹) â‹ Ë™ Hªó…² ܪñK‚è º¬ø»ì¡ îò ªü˜ñ¡ à¼Cò º¬ø¬òŠ ¹ˆîèŠ ð°Šð£Œ¾‚° à†ð´ˆF â¿îŠð†´œ÷¶. Þ‰î ˽‚è£èˆ îI› Ý󣌄C õ÷˜„C‚ °¿ñˆF¡ ºî™ ðKC¬ù 1973Þ™ îI›ï£´ Üó² ݉ˆFó«ù£š Üõ˜èÀ‚° õöƒAŠ ð£ó£†®ò¶. މ˙ °Pˆî ÜPë˜èO¡ 輈¶è÷£õù: âv.«è.ê†ì˜T ªð¼ñFŠ¹ I‚趋 ꣡ø£î£óƒèO¡ õL¾ ªðŸø¶ñ£ù¶ މ˙. ®.ð«ó£ ñFŠHì Þòô£î Iè„Cø‰î Ë™, ꣡ø£î£óƒèœ ðô ªè£‡ì¶. â‹.H.â‹ñ«ù£ Þ º¡ «î£¡Pò Ë™è¬÷M쾋 މ˙ º¿¬ñò£ù¶. â„.ªü.H¡«ù£š ªð¼ñFŠ¹I‚è Þ‰ËL¬ùˆ îINò™ ÝŒõ£÷˜èœ «ð£ŸÁõ«î£´ à혉¶ ªè£œ÷¾‹ «õ‡´‹. º¬ùõ˜ â‹.âv.݉ˆFó«ù£M¡ ñŸªø£¼ Ëô£ù¶ A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Languages (Fó£Mìªñ£NèO¡ åŠHô‚èí‹) â¡ð‹. Þ‰Ëô£ù¶ Fó£Mì ªñ£NèO¬ì«òò£ù «ð„²õö‚°èœ, ñóHò™ ÃÁèœ, õóô£Á ÞõŸP¡ ªî£ì˜¬ðŠ ðŸP ÝŒõ‹. Þ‰î ˽‹ ªñ£NJò™ ÜPë˜èœ ðôK¡ ð£ó£†¬ìŠ ªðŸø‹. Þõ˜ ãøˆî£ö 190‚°‹ «ñŸð†ì Ë™è¬÷ â¿F»œ÷£˜. ð™«õÁ 膴¬óè¬÷»‹ â¿F»œ÷£˜. «ñ½‹ Þõ˜ «õŸÁ¬ñ ༹èO¡ ªî£ì‚è‹, ªðòó¬ì, M¬ùò¬ìèO¡ ¶õ‚è‹ «ð£¡ø¬õ ðŸP»‹ M÷‚èñ£è â¿F»œ÷£˜. îI› ªñ£N Þô‚èíˆ¬îŠ ðŸP å¡ð¶ îQ Ë™èœ â¿F ªõOJ†´œ÷£˜. Cô 膴¬óè¬÷ à¼Cò ªñ£NJ™ â¿F ªõOJ†´œ÷£˜. îI›ˆ ªî£ì˜ð£è ݉ˆFó«ù£š â¿Fò Ë™èœ õ¼ñ£Á: 1. A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Languages, Moscow : Nauka Publications, 1978 (in Russian), Revised edition in English, Delhi, Ajanta Books. No.95No.88 JANUARAPRILY 20172015 Journal of Tamil Studies 4 2. A Grammar of the Tamil language, Moscow : Nauka Publications, 1966, 2nd edition 1987 (in Russian). 3. A Systematization at the Panchronic Grammar of the Tamil Language (in comparative treatment), Institute of Oriental Studies (USSR Academy of Science) 1970 (in Russian).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION \ India Is a Land of Immense Variety, Not Only
    CHAPTER I ( INTRODUCTION \ India is a land of Immense variety, not only in its physical features, climate and natural resources, but also, and perhaps more so, in its people, languages and culture. People at various stages of civilization from the very primitive to the highly advanced, and of various racial ancestries from the Negrito to the Nordic are found in this vast sub-continent. Successive advents of peoples of highly varied cultural and racial types into the land for thousands of years, have forced the original inhabitants, and possibly some of the subsequent settlers, into the relative security and freedom of the forests and hinterland of the country. These peoples who are found all the way from north to south, and east to west, form the tribal population of India, No exact estimate of their numbers has ever been made, nor will it be possible, < 'i L due to a variety of reasons. Census figures of tribes vary greatly from one Census to another, not so much due to natural demographic variations as to changing definitions and criteria in classifying peoples. The comparatively recent classification of a section of people as »Scheduled Tribes* is a political, rather than strictly ethnographic, 2 classification. Equally misleading is the classification of people according to Religion, as for instance, Hindus and Animists, or Hindus and Tribals. Kingsley Davies says: "Most inaccurate figures on religion in India are those covering the ’Tribals* (or ’Animists* as they were 1 called prior to the 1931 Census).** There is considerable dove-tailing between the lower forms of Hinduism and the higher forms of tribal religion; so that, it is impossible to draw a line of demardation.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal LXIII, Vol. 1-2021
    JOURNAL OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY VOLUME LXIII No. 1-2, 2021 THE ASIATIC SOCIETY 1 PARK STREET KOLKATA © The Asiatic Society ISSN 0368-3308 Edited and published by Dr. Satyabrata Chakrabarti General Secretary The Asiatic Society 1 Park Street Kolkata 700 016 Published in August 2021 Printed at Desktop Printers 3A, Garstin Place, 4th Floor Kolkata 700 001 Price : 400 (Complete vol. of four nos.) CONTENTS ARTICLES Genes as a Guide to Human History and Culture Partha P. Majumder ... ... ... 1 Rajendralala Mitra — A Time Traveller in the Twentieth Century — A Possible Scenario Malavika Karlekar ... ... ... 11 Why Is Understanding Gender Important Today? Nirmala Banerjee ... ... ... 31 Remnants of Dharmadam Fort — The Unwritten History of the British Trading Posts of Thalassery in Kerala M. S. Mahendrakumar ... ... ... 53 German Military Aid to the Indian Revolutionary Parties for anti-British Armed Uprising in India 1914-15 Premansu Kumar Bandyopadhyay ... ... 73 Instant Triple Talaq : A Curse on Muslim Women in India Nurul Islam ... ... ... 113 COMMUNICATIONS A Vedic Riddle (Prasnottaré) H. S. Ananthanarayana ... ... ... 129 Sukumar Sen : The Man behind the Screen of Indian Parliamentary Democracy Nilay Kumar Saha ... ... ... 137 ( vi ) GLEANINGS FROM THE PAST Annual Address Delivered by Professor Suniti Kumar Chatterji on February 1, 1971 at The Asiatic Society, Kolkata ... 153 Notes on Gleanings Acharya Suniti Kumar Chatterji’s Reflections on the Founder of the Asiatic Society Satyabrata Chakrabarti ... ... ... 161 BOOK REVIEW The Sun that Shines Supreme : Essays on Ideology and Revolutionary Activities of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, Edited by Mamata Desai and Manis Kumar Raha, K. P. Bagchi & Company, Kolkata, 2010. Ranjit Sen ... ... ... 165 Genes as a Guide to Human History and Culture* Partha P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Kataragama Pāda Yātrā in Sri Lanka
    Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences 2017 40 (1): 41-52 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljss.v40i1.7500 RESEARCH ARTICLE Collective ritual as a way of transcending ethno-religious divide: the case of Kataragama Pāda Yātrā in Sri Lanka# Anton Piyarathne* Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Sri Lanka. Abstract: Sri Lanka has been in the prime focus of national and who are Sinhala speakers, are predominantly Buddhist, international discussions due to the internal war between the whereas the ethnic Tamils, who communicate in the Tamil Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan language, are primarily Hindu. These two ethnic groups government forces. The war has been an outcome of the are often recognised as rivals involved in an “ethnic competing ethno-religious-nationalisms that raised their heads; conflict” that culminated in war between the LTTE (the specially in post-colonial Sri Lanka. Though today’s Sinhala Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, a military movement and Tamil ethno-religious-nationalisms appear as eternal and genealogical divisions, they are more of constructions; that has battled for the liberation of Sri Lankan Tamils) colonial inventions and post-colonial politics. However, in this and the government. Sri Lanka suffered heavily as a context it is hard to imagine that conflicting ethno-religious result of a three-decade old internal war, which officially groups in Sri Lanka actually unite in everyday interactions. ended with the elimination of the leadership of the LTTE This article, explains why and how this happens in a context in May, 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Religious Desegregation in an Immediate Postwar Town Jaffna, Sri Lanka
    Carnets de géographes 2 | 2011 Espaces virtuels Socio-religious desegregation in an immediate postwar town Jaffna, Sri Lanka Delon Madavan Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/cdg/2711 DOI: 10.4000/cdg.2711 ISSN: 2107-7266 Publisher UMR 245 - CESSMA Electronic reference Delon Madavan, « Socio-religious desegregation in an immediate postwar town », Carnets de géographes [Online], 2 | 2011, Online since 02 March 2011, connection on 07 May 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/cdg/2711 ; DOI : 10.4000/cdg.2711 La revue Carnets de géographes est mise à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International. Socio-religious desegregation in an immediate postwar town Jaffna, Sri Lanka Delon MADAVAN PhD candidate and Junior Lecturer in Geography Université Paris-IV Sorbonne Laboratoire Espaces, Nature et Culture (UMR 8185) [email protected] Abstract The cease-fire agreement of 2002 between the Sri Lankan state and the separatist movement of Liberalisation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), was an opportunity to analyze the role of war and then of the cessation of fighting as a potential process of transformation of the segregation at Jaffna in the context of immediate post-war period. Indeed, the armed conflict (1987-2001), with the abolition of the caste system by the LTTE and repeated displacements of people, has been a breakdown for Jaffnese society. The weight of the hierarchical castes system and the one of religious communities, which partially determine the town's prewar population distribution, the choice of spouse, social networks of individuals, values and taboos of society, have been questioned as a result of the conflict.
    [Show full text]
  • “Lost in Translation”: a Study of the History of Sri Lankan Literature
    Karunakaran / Lost in Translation “Lost in Translation”: A Study of the History of Sri Lankan Literature Shamila Karunakaran Abstract This paper provides an overview of the history of Sri Lankan literature from the ancient texts of the precolonial era to the English translations of postcolonial literature in the modern era. Sri Lanka’s book history is a cultural record of texts that contains “cultural heritage and incorporates everything that has survived” (Chodorow, 2006); however, Tamil language works are written with specifc words, ideas, and concepts that are unique to Sri Lankan culture and are “lost in translation” when conveyed in English. Keywords book history, translation iJournal - Journal Vol. 4 No. 1, Fall 2018 22 Karunakaran / Lost in Translation INTRODUCTION The phrase “lost in translation” refers to when the translation of a word or phrase does not convey its true or complete meaning due to various factors. This is a common problem when translating non-Western texts for North American and British readership, especially those written in non-Roman scripts. Literature and texts are tangible symbols, containing signifed cultural meaning, and they represent varying aspects of an existing international ethnic, social, or linguistic culture or group. Chodorow (2006) likens it to a cultural record of sorts, which he defnes as an object that “contains cultural heritage and incorporates everything that has survived” (pg. 373). In particular, those written in South Asian indigenous languages such as Tamil, Sanskrit, Urdu, Sinhalese are written with specifc words, ideas, and concepts that are unique to specifc culture[s] and cannot be properly conveyed in English translations.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion, Ethics, and Poetics in a Tamil Literary Tradition
    Tacit Tirukku#a#: Religion, Ethics, and Poetics in a Tamil Literary Tradition The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Smith, Jason William. 2020. Tacit Tirukku#a#: Religion, Ethics, and Poetics in a Tamil Literary Tradition. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard Divinity School. Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37364524 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use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
    [Show full text]
  • Trichirapalli.Pdf
    Contents TITLE Page No. Message by Member Secretary, State Planning Commission i Preface by the District Collector iii Acknowledgement v List of Boxes vii List of Figures viii List of Tables ix Chapters 1. DistrictProfile 1 2. Status of Human Development 11 3. Employment, Income and Poverty 29 4. Demography, Health and Nutrition 45 5. Literacy and Education 75 6. Gender 105 7. Social Security 113 8. Infrastructure 123 9. Summary and Way Forward 133 Annexures Technical Notes A20 Abbreviations A27 References A29 TIRUCHIRAPPALI DISTRICT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2017 District Administration, Tiruchirappali and State Planning Commission, Tamil Nadu in association with Bharathidasan University Contents TITLE Page No. Message by Member Secretary, State Planning Commission i Preface by the District Collector iii Acknowledgement v List of Boxes vii List of Figures viii List of Tables ix Chapters 1. DistrictProfile 1 2. Status of Human Development 11 3. Employment, Income and Poverty 29 4. Demography, Health and Nutrition 45 5. Literacy and Education 75 6. Gender 105 7. Social Security 113 8. Infrastructure 123 9. Summary and Way Forward 133 Annexures Technical Notes A20 Abbreviations A27 References A29 Dr. K.S.Palanisamy,I.A.S., Office : 0431-2415358 District Collector, Fax : 0431-2411929 Tiruchirappalli. Res : 0431-2420681 0431-2420181 Preface India has the potential to achieve and the means to secure a reasonable standard of living for all the sections of its population. Though the economy touched the nine per cent growth rate during the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12), there are socio-economically disadvantaged people who are yet to benefit from this growth.
    [Show full text]
  • GRAMMAR of OLD TAMIL for STUDENTS 1 St Edition Eva Wilden
    GRAMMAR OF OLD TAMIL FOR STUDENTS 1 st Edition Eva Wilden To cite this version: Eva Wilden. GRAMMAR OF OLD TAMIL FOR STUDENTS 1 st Edition. Eva Wilden. Institut français de Pondichéry; École française d’Extrême-Orient, 137, 2018, Collection Indologie. halshs- 01892342v2 HAL Id: halshs-01892342 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01892342v2 Submitted on 24 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. GRAMMAR OF OLD TAMIL FOR STUDENTS 1st Edition L’Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), UMIFRE 21 CNRS-MAE, est un établissement à autonomie financière sous la double tutelle du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères (MAE) et du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). Il est partie intégrante du réseau des 27 centres de recherche de ce Ministère. Avec le Centre de Sciences Humaines (CSH) à New Delhi, il forme l’USR 3330 du CNRS « Savoirs et Mondes Indiens ». Il remplit des missions de recherche, d’expertise et de formation en Sciences Humaines et Sociales et en Écologie dans le Sud et le Sud- est asiatiques. Il s’intéresse particulièrement aux savoirs et patrimoines culturels indiens (langue et littérature sanskrites, histoire des religions, études tamoules…), aux dynamiques sociales contemporaines, et aux ecosystèmes naturels de l’Inde du Sud.
    [Show full text]
  • SRI LANKA: Land Ownership and the Journey to Self-Determination
    Land Ownership and the Journey to Self-Determination SRI LANKA Country Paper Land Watch Asia SECURING THE RIGHT TO LAND 216 Acknowledgments Vavuniya), Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka, Hadabima Authority of Sri Lanka, National This paper is an abridged version of an earlier scoping Aquaculture Development Authority in Sri study entitled Sri Lanka Country Report: Land Watch Asia Lanka, Urban Development Authority, Coconut Study prepared in 2010 by the Sarvodaya Shramadana Development Authority, Agricultural and Agrarian Movement through the support of the International Land Insurance Board, Coconut Cultivation Board, Coalition (ILC). It is also written as a contribution to the Janatha Estate Dvt. Board, National Livestock Land Watch Asia (LWA) campaign to ensure that access Development Board, National Water Supply and to land, agrarian reform and sustainable development for Drainage Board, Palmyra Dvt. Board, Rubber the rural poor are addressed in development. The LWA Research Board of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka Tea Board, campaign is facilitated by the Asian NGO Coalition for Land Reform Commission, Sri Lanka State Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC) and Plantation Cooperation, State Timber Cooperation, involves civil society organizations in Bangladesh, Geological Survey and Mines Bureau, Lankem Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Tea and Rubber Plantation Limited, Mahaweli Philippines, and Sri Lanka. Livestock Enterprise Ltd, National Institute of Education, National Institute of Plantation Mgt., The main paper was written by Prof. CM Madduma Department of Wildlife Conservation Bandara as main author, with research partners Vindya • Non-Governmental Organizations Wickramaarachchi and Siripala Gamage. The authors Plan Sri Lanka, World Vision Lanka, CARE acknowledge the support of Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism, Caste-Blindness, and the Continuing Problems of War-Displaced Panchamars in Post-War Jaffna Society
    Article CASTE: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 51–70 February 2020 brandeis.edu/j-caste ISSN 2639-4928 DOI: 10.26812/caste.v1i1.145 Nationalism, Caste-Blindness, and the Continuing Problems of War-Displaced Panchamars in Post-War Jaffna Society Kalinga Tudor Silva1 Abstract More than a decade after the end of the 26-year old LTTE—led civil war in Sri Lanka, a particular section of the Jaffna society continues to stay as Internally Displaced People (IDP). This paper tries to unravel why some low caste groups have failed to end their displacement and move out of the camps while everybody else has moved on to become a settled population regardless of the limitations they experience in the post-war era. Using both quantitative and qualitative data from the affected communities the paper argues that ethnic-biases and ‘caste-blindness’ of state policies, as well as Sinhala and Tamil politicians largely informed by rival nationalist perspectives are among the underlying causes of the prolonged IDP problem in the Jaffna Peninsula. In search of an appropriate solution to the intractable IDP problem, the author calls for an increased participation of these subaltern caste groups in political decision making and policy dialogues, release of land in high security zones for the affected IDPs wherever possible, and provision of adequate incentives for remaining people to move to alternative locations arranged by the state in consultation with IDPs themselves and members of neighbouring communities where they cannot be relocated at their original sites. Keywords Caste, caste-blindness, ethnicity, nationalism, social class, IDPs, Panchamars, Sri Lanka 1Department of Sociology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka E-mail: [email protected] © 2020 Kalinga Tudor Silva.
    [Show full text]
  • I Year Dkh11 : History of Tamilnadu Upto 1967 A.D
    M.A. HISTORY - I YEAR DKH11 : HISTORY OF TAMILNADU UPTO 1967 A.D. SYLLABUS Unit - I Introduction : Influence of Geography and Topography on the History of Tamil Nadu - Sources of Tamil Nadu History - Races and Tribes - Pre-history of Tamil Nadu. SangamPeriod : Chronology of the Sangam - Early Pandyas – Administration, Economy, Trade and Commerce - Society - Religion - Art and Architecture. Unit - II The Kalabhras - The Early Pallavas, Origin - First Pandyan Empire - Later PallavasMahendravarma and Narasimhavarman, Pallava’s Administration, Society, Religion, Literature, Art and Architecture. The CholaEmpire : The Imperial Cholas and the Chalukya Cholas, Administration, Society, Education and Literature. Second PandyanEmpire : Political History, Administration, Social Life, Art and Architecture. Unit - III Madurai Sultanate - Tamil Nadu under Vijayanagar Ruler : Administration and Society, Economy, Trade and Commerce, Religion, Art and Architecture - Battle of Talikota 1565 - Kumarakampana’s expedition to Tamil Nadu. Nayakas of Madurai - ViswanathaNayak, MuthuVirappaNayak, TirumalaNayak, Mangammal, Meenakshi. Nayakas of Tanjore :SevappaNayak, RaghunathaNayak, VijayaRaghavaNayak. Nayak of Jingi : VaiyappaTubakiKrishnappa, Krishnappa I, Krishnappa II, Nayak Administration, Life of the people - Culture, Art and Architecture. The Setupatis of Ramanathapuram - Marathas of Tanjore - Ekoji, Serfoji, Tukoji, Serfoji II, Sivaji III - The Europeans in Tamil Nadu. Unit - IV Tamil Nadu under the Nawabs of Arcot - The Carnatic Wars, Administration under the Nawabs - The Mysoreans in Tamil Nadu - The Poligari System - The South Indian Rebellion - The Vellore Mutini- The Land Revenue Administration and Famine Policy - Education under the Company - Growth of Language and Literature in 19th and 20th centuries - Organization of Judiciary - Self Respect Movement. Unit - V Tamil Nadu in Freedom Struggle - Tamil Nadu under Rajaji and Kamaraj - Growth of Education - Anti Hindi & Agitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Iv Traces of Historical Facts From
    CHAPTER IV TRACES OF HISTORICAL FACTS FROM SANDESAKAVYAS & SHORT POEMS Sandesakavyas occupy an eminent place among the lyrics in Sanskrit literature. Though Valmiki paved the way in the initial stage it was Kalidasa who developed it into a perfect form of poetic literature. Meghasandesa, the unique work of Kalidasa, was re- ceived with such enthusiasam that attempts were made to emulate it all over India. As result there arose a significant branch of lyric literature in Sanskrit. Kerala it perhaps the only region which produced numerous works of real merit in this field. The literature of Kerala is full of poems of the Sandesa type. Literature can be made use of to yield information about the social history of a land and is often one of the main sources for reconstructing the ancient social customs and manners of the respective periods. History as a separate study has not been seriously treated in Sanskrit literature. Apart form literary merits, the Sanskrit literature of Kerala contains several historical accounts of the country with the exception of a few historical Kavyas, it is the Sandesakavyas that give us some historical details. Among the Sanskrit works, the Sandesa Kavya branch stands in a better position in this field (matter)Since it contains a good deal of historical materials through the description of the routes to be followed by the messengers in the Sandesakavyas. The Sandesakavyas play an impor- tant role in depicting the social history of their ages. The keralate Sandesakavyas are noteworthy because of the geographical, historical, social and cultural information they supply about the land.
    [Show full text]