îINò™îINò™ JOURNAL OF TAMIL STUDIES JANUARY 2017 àôèˆ îIö£ó£Œ„C GÁõù‹ F¼õœÀõ˜ ݇´ 2047-2048, ¶¡ºA, ñ£˜èN - ¬î INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TAMIL STUDIES Tharamani, Chennai - 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India. ISSN No. 0022-4855 Vol. No. 95, Issue: January 2017 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TAMIL STUDIES Board of Governors JANUARY 2017 CHAIRMAN Thiru Sevvoor S.Ramachandran Hon'ble Minister for Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments, Tamil Official Language and Tamil Culture, Govt. of Tamil Nadu. VICE-CHAIRMEN Mr. R.Venkatesan I.A.S. Secretary to Government Tamil Development and Information Department, Govt. of Tamil Nadu. Vice-Chancellor University of Madras, Chennai. Vice-Chancellor Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar. Vice-Chancellor Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai. Vice-Chancellor Tamil University, Thanjavur. MEMBERS SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT Finance Department, Govt. of Tamil Nadu. Dr. F. GROS Former Director, French Institute of Indology, Pondicherry (IATR-Representative). DIRECTOR Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore. MEMBER SECRETARY Dr. G. Vijayaraghavan Director, International Institute of Tamil Studies, Chennai. îINò™îINò™ JOURNAL OF TAMIL STUDIES JANUARY 2017 àôèˆ îIö£ó£Œ„C GÁõù‹ F¼õœÀõ˜ ݇´ 2047-2048, ¶¡ºA, ñ£˜èN - ¬î INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TAMIL STUDIES Tharamani, Chennai - 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India. www.ulakaththamizh.org / E-mail : [email protected] Phone: 22542992, 22542781/ Fax: 22541436 ISSN No. 0022-4855 Vol. No. 95, Issue: January 2017 BOARD OF EDITORS Dr. G.L. HART Professor of Tamil Language (Retd.) Dept. of South and South East Asian Studies, University of California, U.S.A. Dr. S.N. KANDASAMY Professor of Tamil (Retd.), Tamil University, Thanjavur. Dr. Pon. KOTHANDARAMAN Former Vice-Chancellor, University of Madras, Chennai. Dr. G. VIJAYARAGHAVAN Editor-in-Chief Dr. B. RAJA Associate Editor Editorial Board Dr. P. SELVAKUMAR Dr. A. THASARATHAN Dr. M.J. RABI SINGH Kalaimamani MARAIMALAIYAN îINòL™ Þ싪ðÁ‹ 膴¬óèO¡ 輈¶èÀ‚°‚ 膴¬ó ÝCKò˜è«÷ ªð£ÁŠ¹ Ýõ˜. Articles in the Journal of Tamil Studies do not necessarily represent either the views of the International Institute of Tamil Studies or those of the Board of Editors. ªð£¼÷ì‚è‹ 01. ºî¡¬ñ ÝCKò˜ à¬ó 1 02. â‹.âv. ݉ˆFó«ù£š °.Ü™L 2 03. ². ¬õò£¹KŠ 𤜬÷ ð£.Þó£ê£ 5 04. Morphology of Tamil Pronominal System - TolkAppiyam and Modern Tamil S. Manoharan 14 05. On the Human Predicament: Shakespeare and the Sangam Poets P. Marudanayagam 31 06. ¹øï£ÛŸÁ ªïPJ™ - ñ£Âìõ£›«õ ñèˆî£ù õ£›¾ è£.eó£ 55 07. àôè Þ¬ê ñŸÁ‹ è¬ôèÀ‚°ˆ  îI«ö ¹wðõù‹ °Š¹ê£I 68 08. Chola Inscription on a Menhir from Mepara, Rajakumari Panchayat, Idukki district, Kerala Ajit Kumar 78 09. A historical survey of Tamil palm-leaf Manuscripts A. Thasarathan 86 10. °ô¬õ Þ´î™ - Fó£Mì ÝŠHK‚è åŠd´ î£ò‹ñ£œ Üøõ£í¡ 105 11. ð‡¬ìò îIöèˆF™ Ëôèƒèœ Þó£.ªð¼ñ£œê£I 110 12. Ë™ ñFŠ¹¬ó ².îI›„ªê™M 116 Journal of Tamil Studies vi REVISED SUBSCRIPTION Within India Outside India Life Membership Rs. 6000.00 U.S.$. 200 or Rs. 12000.00 Institutional Membership Rs. 8000.00 U.S.$. 250 or Rs. 15000.00 Annual Rs. 400.00 U.S.$. 24 or Rs. 1400.00 Single Copy Rs. 120.00 U.S.$. 7 or Rs. 400.00 F¼ˆFò¬ñ‚èŠð†ì ê‰î£ Mõó‹ àœï£´ ªõO Ý»œ ê‰î£ àÁŠHù˜ Ï. 6000.00 U.S.$. 200 (Ü) Ï. 12000.00 GÁõù„ê‰î£ àÁŠHù˜ Ï. 8000.00 U.S.$. 250 (Ü) Ï. 15000.00 ݇´„ ê‰î£ Ï. 400.00 U.S.$. 24 (Ü) Ï. 1400.00 å¼ ð® Ï. 120.00 U.S.$. 7 (Ü) Ï. 400.00 No.90 2015 Journal of Tamil Studies 1 ºî¡¬ñ ÝCKò˜ à¬ó «ð󡹬ìf˜, õí‚è‹. àôèˆ îIö˜èO¡ ÞîòƒèO™ îñ¶ åŠðŸø ÝÀ¬ñŠ ð‡ð£™ C‹ñ£êù‹ Þ†´, 噽‹ õ¬èªò™ô£‹ Üõ˜î‹ ïô‹ Cø‚è Ü™½‹ ð轋 î‹ ªñŒõ¼ˆî‹ ð£ó£¶ Üòó£¶ à¬öˆî ñ£‡¹I° îIöè ºî™õ˜ Ü‹ñ£ Üõ˜èœ àì™ïô‚ °¬øõ£™ Ü™ôŸð†´ ñªò™ô£‹ e÷£ˆ¶òK™ Ý›ˆFM†´ e÷£ˆ¶JL™  Ý›‰Fì º®ªõ´ˆF†ì£˜. ⊪𣿶‹ Üõó¶ º®¬õ ãŸè£î âF˜‚è†Cèœ Üõó¶ Þ‰î º®¬õ»‹ ãŸèM™¬ô. 膮ò èóƒèÀì¡ èìŸè£ŸÁ‹ è¬ó«õ†®èÀ‹ Þîò‚ è¬ó‚°œ Üìƒè£î èõ¬ô ܬôèœ è¬ó‚°‹ Þîòˆ¬îˆ AŠ H®ˆîù ¹ó†®Š«ð£†ì ¹ò¬ôŠ ¹ó†Cˆî¬ôM õ£˜Š¹èœ ¹Kî½ì¡ âF˜ªè£‡ìù˜. ¹øŠð†ìù˜ îI› 裂è! 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ÝŒ¾ôAŸ°Š ðò¡ð´‹ õ¬èJ™ ÝŒ«õ´èœ °Pˆî °PŠ¹‹ îINòL™ õöƒèŠð쾜÷¶. âù«õ, Þ¶è£Á‹ «ñŸªè£œ÷ŠªðŸø º¬ùõ˜ð†ì ÝŒ«õ´èœ °Pˆî îèõ™è¬÷»‹ ÜŠH»îMìŠ ð™è¬ô‚èöèƒè¬÷»‹ îI› àò󣌾 ¬ñòƒè¬÷»‹ îINò™ Þî› ÝŒ¾‚°¿ «è†´‚ ªè£œAø¶. îINò™ Þî› H¬öF¼ˆî‹ ªêŒîOˆî º¬ùõ˜ Ý.îêóî¡ Üõ˜èÀ‚°‹ èEQJ™ õ®õ¬ñˆî F¼.Ý.Mñô£Fˆî‚°‹ ï¡P. îóñ£ù ÝŒMî›èO¡ õK¬êJ™ îINò™ Þî¿‹ ªî£ì˜‰¶ ðòE‚èˆ îƒèœ ܬùõK¡ 制¬öŠ¬ð»‹ ªðK¶‹ M¼‹¹‹... ºî¡¬ñ ÝCKò˜ No.95No.88 JANUARAPRILY 20172015 Journal of Tamil Studies 2 «ñ¬ô ´ˆ îIöPë˜ õK¬ê 02. â‹.âv. ݉ˆFó«ù£š °.Ü™L HøŠ¹ ÜPë˜ Ý‰ˆFó«ù£š 1931Ý‹ ݇´ HŠóõKˆ Fƒèœ 24Ý‹  à¼Cò£M¡ î¬ôïèó£ù ñ£v«è£M™, ð®ˆî, ð£ó‹ðKòI‚è APˆîõ‚ °´‹ðˆF™ Hø‰î£˜. è™M 1949Þ™ ݉ˆFó«ù£š ñ£v«è£M™ àœ÷ W›ˆF¬ê ªñ£NèO¡ è™M GÁõùˆF™ ñ£íõó£è„ «ê˜‰î£˜. ܃° õƒè£÷‹, Þ‰F, îI› ÝAò ªñ£Nè¬÷‚ èŸø£˜. 1954-57 õ¬óJ™ ÜPë˜ â‹.âv.݉ˆFó«ù£š º¶è¬ôŠ ð†ì ñ£íõó£è Ü«î è™M GÁõùˆF™ 𮈶ˆ «î˜„C»Ÿø£˜. 1958 - 59Ý‹ ݇´èO™ ªê¡¬ùŠ ð™è¬ô‚èöèˆF™ îI›ˆ ¶¬øJ™ ÝŒ¾ ñ£íõó£è„ «ê˜‰î£˜. ªðŸø ð†ìƒèœ ݉ˆFó«ù£š 1964Þ™ º¶G¬ôŠ ð†ì‹ ªðŸø£˜. º¬ùõ˜ (Ph.D.) ð†ìº‹ º¶ º¬ùõ˜ (D.Litt.) ð†ìº‹ Þ‰Fò ªñ£Nèœ ê£˜‰î ð†ìƒèÀ‹ ªðŸø£˜ (1971). îI›ŠðE îI› ªñ£NJ¡ Þô‚èí ÝŒõ£ù¶ Üî¡ «ð„² õö‚°è¬÷»‹ ð™«õÁõ¬è Þô‚Aò ï¬ìèOL¼‰¶‹ «êèK‚èŠð†ì °PŠ¹èO™ Þ¼‰¶‹ Fó£Mì ªñ£NèO¡ Þô‚èí 効¬ñè¬÷»‹ ¬ñòŠð´ˆFò‹. Þî¡ Ü®Šð¬ìJ™ ݉ˆFó«ù£õ£™ â¿îŠð†ì Grammar of Modern and Classical Tamil (îŸè£ô Þô‚Aò ïò‹ õ£Œ‰î îI› No.95No.88 JANUARAPRILY 20172015 Journal of Tamil Studies 3 Þô‚èí‹) â‹ Ë™ Hªó…² ܪñK‚è º¬ø»ì¡ îò ªü˜ñ¡ à¼Cò º¬ø¬òŠ ¹ˆîèŠ ð°Šð£Œ¾‚° à†ð´ˆF â¿îŠð†´œ÷¶. Þ‰î ˽‚è£èˆ îI› Ý󣌄C õ÷˜„C‚ °¿ñˆF¡ ºî™ ðKC¬ù 1973Þ™ îI›ï£´ Üó² ݉ˆFó«ù£š Üõ˜èÀ‚° õöƒAŠ ð£ó£†®ò¶. މ˙ °Pˆî ÜPë˜èO¡ 輈¶è÷£õù: âv.«è.ê†ì˜T ªð¼ñFŠ¹ I‚趋 ꣡ø£î£óƒèO¡ õL¾ ªðŸø¶ñ£ù¶ މ˙. ®.ð«ó£ ñFŠHì Þòô£î Iè„Cø‰î Ë™, ꣡ø£î£óƒèœ ðô ªè£‡ì¶. â‹.H.â‹ñ«ù£ Þ º¡ «î£¡Pò Ë™è¬÷M쾋 މ˙ º¿¬ñò£ù¶. â„.ªü.H¡«ù£š ªð¼ñFŠ¹I‚è Þ‰ËL¬ùˆ îINò™ ÝŒõ£÷˜èœ «ð£ŸÁõ«î£´ à혉¶ ªè£œ÷¾‹ «õ‡´‹. º¬ùõ˜ â‹.âv.݉ˆFó«ù£M¡ ñŸªø£¼ Ëô£ù¶ A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Languages (Fó£Mìªñ£NèO¡ åŠHô‚èí‹) â¡ð‹. Þ‰Ëô£ù¶ Fó£Mì ªñ£NèO¬ì«òò£ù «ð„²õö‚°èœ, ñóHò™ ÃÁèœ, õóô£Á ÞõŸP¡ ªî£ì˜¬ðŠ ðŸP ÝŒõ‹. Þ‰î ˽‹ ªñ£NJò™ ÜPë˜èœ ðôK¡ ð£ó£†¬ìŠ ªðŸø‹. Þõ˜ ãøˆî£ö 190‚°‹ «ñŸð†ì Ë™è¬÷ â¿F»œ÷£˜. ð™«õÁ 膴¬óè¬÷»‹ â¿F»œ÷£˜. «ñ½‹ Þõ˜ «õŸÁ¬ñ ༹èO¡ ªî£ì‚è‹, ªðòó¬ì, M¬ùò¬ìèO¡ ¶õ‚è‹ «ð£¡ø¬õ ðŸP»‹ M÷‚èñ£è â¿F»œ÷£˜. îI› ªñ£N Þô‚èíˆ¬îŠ ðŸP å¡ð¶ îQ Ë™èœ â¿F ªõOJ†´œ÷£˜. Cô 膴¬óè¬÷ à¼Cò ªñ£NJ™ â¿F ªõOJ†´œ÷£˜. îI›ˆ ªî£ì˜ð£è ݉ˆFó«ù£š â¿Fò Ë™èœ õ¼ñ£Á: 1. A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Languages, Moscow : Nauka Publications, 1978 (in Russian), Revised edition in English, Delhi, Ajanta Books. No.95No.88 JANUARAPRILY 20172015 Journal of Tamil Studies 4 2. A Grammar of the Tamil language, Moscow : Nauka Publications, 1966, 2nd edition 1987 (in Russian). 3. A Systematization at the Panchronic Grammar of the Tamil Language (in comparative treatment), Institute of Oriental Studies (USSR Academy of Science) 1970 (in Russian).