ORDER PROBOSCIDEA ORDER SIRENIA FAMILY ELEPHANTIDAE FAMILY DUGONG GENUS Elephas GENUS Dugong FAMILY TRICHECHIDAE GENUS Trichechus ORDER HYRACOIDEA FAMILY PROCAVIIDAE ORDER TUBILDENTATA GENUS Procavia FAMILY ORYCTEROPODIDAE GENUS Orycteropus

ORDER

FAMILY ORYCTEROPODIDAE

GENUS: Orycteropus FAMILY ORYCTEROPODIDAE GENUS: Orycteropus

-teeth are flat-topped, lack enamel -mesial drift -diet: ants and termites -fossorial

Range: Africa, south of the Sahara ORDER

FAMILY ELEPHANTIDAE

GENUS: Elephas FAMILY ELEPHANTIDAE GENUS: Elephas

- mesial drift - lophodont teeth - ever-growing incisors (tusks) - herbivores - heavy skull lightened by air cavities - matrilines - 80 year lifespan - 18-24 month gestation Range: Africa south of Sahara (Loxodon); Southern Asia (Elephas) ORDER FAMILY PROCAVIIDAE

GENUS: Procavia FAMILY PROCAVIIDAE

GENUS: Procavia

-special muscular pads on soles for traction on rocky areas and form ‘suction cups’ -upper incisors ever- growing -enamel only on front -herbivorous -nocturnal

Range: Africa, south of the Sahara but extends in E. Africa to the Middle East ORDER FAMILY DUGONGIDAE

GENUS: Dugong FAMILY DUGONGIDAE

GENUS: Dugong

- has forelimbs, no hindlimbs -tail has two pointed projections -nasal bones reduced or absent -teeth are simple columnar - 2 tusk-like incisors - Stellar’s sea cow Range: E. Africa, S. Asia, and extinct (Bering Sea) Australia coastal waters

FAMILY TRICHECHIDAE

GENUS: TrichechuS FAMILY TRICHECHIDAE GENUS: TrichechuS

-round, paddle-like tail -no upper incisors -mesial drift -pachyostosis = dense rib bones used as ballast to fight buoyancy -only 6 cervical vertebrae

Range: N. and S. America warm coastal waters on Atlantic side; west Africa; sometimes migrate deep up rivers