doi 10.1515/janeh-2013-0006 JANEH 2014; 1(1): 21–36 Niek Veldhuis* Intellectual History and Assyriology Abstract: The present article proposes to understand knowledge and knowledge traditions of ancient Mesopotamia as assets, deployed by actors in the social contexts in which they found themselves. This approach is illustrated with three examples from different periods of Mesopotamian history. Keywords: intellectual history, ancient Mesopotamia, sociology of knowledge *Corresponding author: Niek Veldhuis, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA, E-mail:
[email protected] The idea of an intellectual history, a history of knowledge, or a history of scholarship bears the mark of the Enlightenment. The optimism of scholars and scientists of the time that the world could be known, that it obeyed impersonal laws, which could be discovered, one by one, created many aspects of the concept of knowledge that we take for granted today: knowledge grows perpetually by the discoveries of scholars and scientists who are acknowledged in awards, citations, and footnotes. The object of their research is typically, nature – that is, anything not made by men and that behaves in a regular, almost mechanistic way and that is objectively available to perception. Since this knowledge is like a rolling train that inevitably runs its course to uncover more and more truths, the question of the history of this knowledge becomes inevitable. Where did it come from, whom should we acknowledge for all those things that have been known for a long time, how did the train get here, and where are we now? Such questions may easily be extended to ancient Mesopotamia, tracing the development of astronomy out of divination, linguistics out of lexicography, or (rational) medicine out of magic.