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Regional Forum on Good Governance for East Asian Countries

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Regional Forum on Good Governance for East Asian Countries REGIONAL FORUM ON GOOD GOVERNANCE FOR EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES STRENGTHENING OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION FOR EFFECTIVE INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF CORRUPTION Co-hosted by UNAFEI and the Supreme Public Prosecutors Office of Japan 10-11 December 2008, Tokyo, Japan December 2009 TOKYO, JAPAN The views expressed in this publication are those of the respective presenters and authors only, and do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of UNAFEI, the Supreme Public Prosecutors Office of Japan, or other organizations to which those persons belong. Masaki Sasaki Director United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI) 1-26 Harumi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0057, Japan http://www.unafei.or.jp [email protected] CONTENTS STRENGTHENING OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION FOR EFFECTIVE INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF CORRUPTION Foreword..................................................................................................................................................... i Forum Schedule.......................................................................................................................................... iii List of Participants, Visiting Experts & Secretariat .................................................................................... v General Rapporteur’s Report ..................................................................................................................... 1 Chairman’s Statement ................................................................................................................................ 23 Opening Session ........................................................................................................................................ 25 Opening Remarks by Mr. Keiichi Aizawa, Director, UNAFEI ......................................................... 27 Address by Mr. Hiroshi Obayashi, Superintending Prosecutor, Tokyo High Public Prosecutors Office, Japan ...................................................................................................................................... 29 Address by Mr. Yoshinobu Onuki, President, Research and Training Institute, Ministry of Justice, Japan .................................................................................................................................................. 31 Keynote Speeches ..................................................................................................................................... 33 Keynote Speech – Mr. Kunihiko Sakai, Director, General Affairs Department, Supreme Public Prosecutors Office, Japan .................................................................................................................. 35 Keynote Speech – Mr. Masato Higuchi, Director, Second Investigation Division, Criminal Investigation Bureau, National Police Agency, Japan ....................................................................... 38 Visiting Expert’s Keynote Speech – Mr. Ricky Yau, Assistant Director, Operations Department, Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC), Hong Kong, China ..................................... 42 Presentation Session .................................................................................................................................. 49 Country Report – Pengiran Nina Jasmine binte PLKDR Pg Hj Bahrin, Brunei Darussalam ........... 51 Country Report – Ms. Pen Somethea, Cambodia ............................................................................. 61 Country Report – Dr. Xu Daomin, China ......................................................................................... 68 Country Report – Mr. Jhoni Ginting, Indonesia ................................................................................ 71 Country Report – Mr. Yuichiro Tachi, Japan ..................................................................................... 75 Country Report – Dr. Kyung-Joon Jin, Korea .................................................................................. 81 Country Report – Mr. Khamphet Somvolachith, Lao PDR .............................................................. 89 Country Report – Mr. Lai Yong Heng, Malaysia............................................................................... 97 Country Report – Mr. Han Nyunt, Myanmar................................................................................... 111 Country Report – Mr. Severino H. Gaña Jr., the Philippines................................................................ 117 Country Report – Mr. Bala Reddy, Singapore ................................................................................. 124 Country Report – Mr. Sirisak Tiyapan, Thailand ............................................................................ 146 Country Report – Ms. Lai Thu Ha, Vietnam ................................................................................... 152 Closing Ceremony Closing Remarks by Mr. Yutaka Nagashima, Public Prosecutor Supreme Public Prosecutors Office, Japan .................................................................................................................................................157 FOREWORD It is my great pleasure and privilege to present this report of the Regional Forum on Good Governance for East Asian Countries which was held at the United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI), Tokyo on 10 and 11 December 2008, and co-hosted by UNAFEI and the Supreme Public Prosecutors Office of Japan. We were delighted to welcome to our institute friends old and new. The main theme of the Forum was “Strengthening of Domestic and International Co-Operation for Effective Investigation and Prosecution of Corruption”, and it was attended by high-ranking officials from 13 East Asian countries: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. UNAFEI has held two Regional Seminars on Good Governance for Southeast Asian Countries in Bangkok, Thailand; the first in 2007 and the second in 2008. Through those Seminars, UNAFEI made a valuable contribution to both the mutual understanding of the present issues facing respective countries, and the capacity building of criminal justice officials. However, corruption is an insidious and deep- rooted issue, and to achieve good governance will require more than Seminars at practitioner level. Therefore, we decided to provide an opportunity for senior criminal justice officials from East Asian countries to exchange perspectives, to reaffirm the recognition that the achievement of good governance is the common goal in the region, and to show their commitment to strengthening their good governance strategies, including the establishment of co-operation systems based upon mutual understanding. Two new aspects of corrupt behaviour have been identified in recent years. The first such aspect is the involvement of the private sector in corruption. Along with economic development, the relationship between the public sector and the private sector has changed, leading to greater interaction and closer relationships between the two. Corruption emerges through such close and familiar relationships and corruption in the private sector has effects on the administration of the public sector. To detect corruption and impose effective criminal sanctions on corrupt persons, investigations should involve not only traditional law enforcement authorities but also competent administrative agencies with the function of supervising the private sector. For criminal justice authorities, it is vital to foster co-operation with those administrative authorities and with private companies and corporations, especially financial institutions. The second new aspect is the globalization of corruption. Corrupt activities can now easily and instantly cross borders, and money-laundering of the proceeds of corruption can be committed outside the jurisdiction where the initial offence was perpetrated, making this crime more complicated and diversified. Under these circumstances, international society has begun to take a combative attitude towards corruption. One of the remarkable outcomes of this determined mindset is the adoption of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC). Among the efforts that each country can make at the domestic level, introduction of legislation for effective anti-corruption measures is fundamental, and the promotion of a good working relationship among investigative authorities is also critical. However, even if those objectives are achieved domestically, the globalization of corruption necessitates international co-operation. In such a situation, a co-operative attitude towards requests for mutual legal assistance from foreign countries is sometimes, in reality, not sufficient to solve the problem. Differences in legal systems and ineffective and inflexible practices in respective countries lead to delays in legal assistance and/or extradition. In order to deal with this situation, it is critically important to elicit more practical and more continuous co-operation from not only investigative authorities but also financial authorities and institutions, both domestic and foreign. With a view to addressing these issues, it was our intention that this Forum would be an opportunity for senior criminal justice officials from
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