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Scarica Il Rapporto 2015 lo stato della popolazione nel mondo 2015 lo stato lo stato della popolazione nel mondo 2015 AL RIPARO DALLA TEMPESTA: U TEMPESTA: DALLA AL RIPARO N agenda Costruire un mondo ’ in cui ogni gravidanza sia desiderata ogni parto innovativa sicuro e le potenzialità PER di ogni giovane siano realizzate DONNE E raga zz E , AL RIPARO IN UN MONDO DALLA IN continua TEMPESTA emergen Un’agenda innovativa per donne e ragazze, in un mondo Fondo delle Nazioni Unite z A per la popolazione Associazione italiana donne in continua emergenza 605 Third Avenue per lo sviluppo New York, NY 10158 USA Via dei Giubbonari 30 00186 - Roma Tel. +1-212 297-5000 tel. +39 06 687 3214/196 www.unfpa.org [email protected] ©Unfpa 2015 www.aidos.it Stampato su carta ecologica Lo Stato della popolazione nel mondo 2015 GLOSSARIO DEI TERMINI UMANITARI Ricercatrice principale Redazione Therese McGinn Caporedattore: Richard Kollodge Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman Redattrice associata e responsabile versione digitale: Katheline Ruiz AZIONE UMANITARIA DIRITTI UMANI motivi di etnia, religione, nazionalità, School of Public Health, Columbia University appartenenza a un determinato gruppo Sviluppatore digitale: Hanno Ranck L'azione umanitaria fornisce servizi Tutti i diritti umani si fondano sulla sociale o opinioni politiche, e che non Ricercatori E autori Progettazione e produzione della versione stampa e web salva vita e facilita il ritorno alla dignità e il valore propri di ogni essere può o non vuole, a causa di tale timore, Jacqueline Bhabha interattiva Prographics, Inc. normalità di persone e comunità umano. Il concetto di diritto umano Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; François-Xavier Bagnoud avvalersi della protezione di quel paese. colpite da catastrofi di origine riconosce che ogni persona ha il diritto Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University; Harvard RINGRAZIAMENTI naturale o causate dell'essere umano. di godere dei suoi diritti umani senza Law School Mengjia Liang, Edilberto Loaiza e Rachel Snow del Settore Mira inoltre a diminuire l'impatto distinzioni di razza, colore, sesso, Richard Garfield Popolazione e Sviluppo di UNFPA hanno analizzato e aggregato i RISPOSTA UMANITARIA Emergency Response and Recovery Branch, United States Centers dati delle tavole degli indicatori del Rapporto e fornito le stime sul distruttivo di disastri ed emergenze lingua, religione, opinione politica for Disease Control and Prevention; numero delle donne incinte nei paesi colpiti da un conflitto o da un complesse. o altro, origine nazionale o sociale, Assistenza materiale e logistica Columbia and Emory Universities disastro naturale. ricchezza, nascita o altro status. data alle persone, per rispondere ai Kirsten Johnson, M.D. Le fonti per gli indicatori sono stati messi a disposizione bisogni causati da un conflitto o un Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, dalla Divisione per la popolazione del Dipartimento per gli CONSEGUENZA DIRETTA disastro, fornita in seguito all’appello Montreal Canada; Humanitarian U Affari Economici e Sociali delle Nazioni Unite, da UNESCO e O INDIRETTA DISASTRO NATURALE del governo o di organizzazioni dall'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità. Gretchen Luchsinger Una conseguenza diretta è la morte Avvenimento di grande ampiezza che internazionali. Ramiz Alakbarov, Björn Andersson e Arthur Erken hanno rivisto le Lisa Oddy versioni preliminari e contribuito alla struttura del Rapporto. o altro effetto negativo verificatosi distrugge la vita e/o i beni. Perché un Humanitarian U direttamente e principalmente a causa evento sia classificato come tale dal I colleghi degli uffici UNFPA a Amman, Bangkok, Bogota, Cairo, Monica Adhiambo Onyango Centro per la Ricerca sull’Epidemiologia SFOLLATI INTERNI Dakar, Istanbul, Johannesburg, Kathmandu, Monrovia, Panama City di un disastro. Una conseguenza Boston University School of Public Health, and Skopje hanno supportato o orientato la stesura delle sezioni indiretta è la morte o altro effetto dei Disastri, riconosciuto a livello Persone costrette o obbligate a fuggire Department of Global Health di approfondimento e la scelta delle fotografie del rapporto: Ghifar negativo che si è verificato come internazionale, deve rispondere ad o lasciare le proprie case, i luoghi Sarah Shteir and Louise Searle Al Alem, Tamara Alrifai, Daniel Baker, Mile Bosnjakovski, Santosh un risultato eventuale, ma non almeno uno dei seguenti criteri: di residenza abituale, soprattutto a Humanitarian Advisory Group Chhetri, Jens-Hagen Eschenbaecher, Adebayo Fayoyin, Gema immediato, di un singolo evento • Dieci o più persone uccise. causa di un conflitto armato, situazioni Granados, Habibatou M. Gologo, Calixte Hessou, Ruba Hikmat, • Un centinaio o più persone colpite Assistenti ALLA ricerca Jorge Parra, Elina Rivera, Shible Sahbani, Alvaro Serrano, Sonja distruttivo. Generalmente, le di violenza generalizzata, violazioni Amiya Bhatia Tanevska, Giulia Vallese and Roy Wadia. conseguenze indirette possono essere • Una dichiarazione di stato di emergenza. dei diritti umani o disastri di origine Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health identificate a livello di popolazione, • Una richiesta di assistenza Anna Maltby ha scritto il reportage sulla crisi Ebola in Liberia naturale, o causati dall'essere umano, Chantilly Wijayasinha mentre le conseguenze dirette si internazionale. o per evitare le conseguenze di questi Fotografi e videografi: Boston University School of Public Health, possono osservare a livello individuale. I disastri naturali includono siccità, eventi, che non hanno attraversato le Nake Batev (Ex Repubblica Jugoslava di Macedonia) Department of Global Health Daniel Baldotto (Colombia) Per esempio, se il tasso di mortalità terremoti, epidemie, caldo o freddo frontiere di uno Stato, riconosciute a Mélanie Coutu Abbas Dulleh, AP Images (Liberia) aumenta dopo un evento e non vi è estremo, inondazioni, tempeste, livello internazionale. Humanitarian Studies Initiative, McGill University Salah Malkawi (Giordania) altra ragione che possa giustificare tsunami, eruzioni vulcaniche e incendi. questo aumento, queste morti CONSULENTI UNFPA MAPPE E DEFINIZIONI addizionali saranno considerate come Prudence Chaiban SITUAZIONE D’URGENZA Howard Friedman Le definizioni utilizzate e la presentazione dei dati nelle mappe PERSONE COLPITE DA UN Henia Dakkak Ann Leoncavallo di questo Rapporto non implicano in alcun modo l'espressione di una conseguenza indiretta dell’evento COMPLESSA in questione. CONFLITTO O DISASTRO Ugochi Daniels Jacqueline Mahon qualsivoglia opinione da parte di UNFPA per quanto riguarda lo Una crisi umanitaria multidimensionale, Abubakar Dungus Rachel Snow status giuridico di ogni singolo paese, territorio, città o area, né per Persone che, durante una situazione Danielle Engel in un paese, regione o comunità, che quanto riguarda le autorità preposte o la definizione e delimitazione di emergenza, hanno bisogno di di confini e frontiere. Una linea tratteggiata rappresenta in modo ha prodotto un considerevole o totale CRISI UMANITARIA approssimativo la Linea di Controllo concordata da India e Pakistan un’assistenza immediata in grado crollo dell’autorità, in seguito a un per Jammu e Kashmir. Lo status giuridico definitivo Un evento o una serie di eventi che di soddisfare i bisogni fondamentali conflitto interno o internazionale, e che di Jammu e Kashmir non è ancora stato concordato dalle parti. rappresentano una minaccia per la necessari allo loro sopravvivenza, come richiede una risposta multisettoriale salute, la sicurezza o il benessere cibo, acqua, rifugio, igiene e assistenza e internazionale che va al di là del Edizione italiana di una comunità o altro grande medica. mandato o della capacità di un solo Versione italiana a cura di AIDOS, Associazione italiana gruppo di persone, di solito su un organismo o del programma paese donne per lo sviluppo vasto territorio. Conflitti armati, delle Nazioni Unite in corso. Queste UNFPA RIFUGIATO Traduzione: Anna Tagliavini epidemie, carestie, calamità naturali emergenze hanno un effetto devastante Costruire un mondo in cui Editing: Giovanna Ermini e Serena Fiorletta e altri grandi emergenze possono Una persona che ha lasciato il proprio soprattutto per i bambini e le donne ogni gravidanza sia desiderata Impaginazione: Simona Ferri implicare o condurre a una crisi paese di origine, a causa di un fondato e richiedono un insieme di interventi Stampa: Litostampa 3B umanitaria. timore di essere perseguitata per complessi. ogni parto sicuro e le Ufficio stampa:Serena Fiorletta potenzialità di ogni giovane Foto di copertina: © UNFPA/Nake Batev siano realizzate © Fondo delle Nazioni Unite per la Popolazione, 2015 lo stato della popolazione nel mondo 2015 AL RIPARO DALLA TEMPESTA Un’agenda innovativa per donne e ragazze, in un mondo in continua emergenza Premessa pagina 2 Introduzione pagina 4 1 Un mondo fragile pagina 12 2 Il prezzo troppo alto pagato da donne e adolescenti pagina 36 3 Cambiare le risposte: da essenziali a complete pagina 56 Rafforzare la resilienza e colmare il divario pagina 74 4 tra assistenza umanitaria e sviluppo Nuove indicazioni per i finanziamenti della salute sessuale pagina 90 5 e riproduttiva nelle emergenze umanitarie Una visione innovativa per la riduzione del rischio, pagina 102 6 la capacità di reazione e la resilienza Indicatori pagina 115 Bibliografia pagina 131 Foto © Panos Pictures/Brian Sokol Premessa Oggi sono oltre 100 milioni le persone che hanno bisogno di assistenza umanitaria. Mai, dalla Seconda
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