bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 317

INDEX

Abercorn, Duke of, 76 death of, 2, 5, 39, 52, 76, 92–93, 97, 273, Abergeldie Castle, 161, 175 279 Act of Settlement of 1701, 25 depressive bouts of, 34 Adelaide, Queen Consort of Great Britain European royal intermarriages and, (formerly Princess of Saxe-Coburg and 48–49 Meiningen), 27, 35 health decline of, 38–39 Adolphus, Prince and Duke of Cam- image of monarchy and, 7–9, 48, 63, 223 bridge, 27 jewelry designed/given by, 108, 109 Adolphus, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, marital relationship of, 35–39, 63 50–51 mausoleum for, 96–97, 177, 258, 274, 285 Africa, 19, 274 memorialization of, 40–41, 160, 258, 279 Aga Khan, 112, 113 music arranged/composed by, 89, 258 Aix-les-Bains, 191 Osborne House and, 41, 178–186 Albany, Duchess of. See Helen as parent, 46–47, 48–499, 55, 63, Albany, Duke of. See Leopold 134–135, 136, 140, 184–185 Alberque, Charles, 199 personality of, 8, 34 Albert, Duke of Württemberg, 259 Prince of Wales’s problems and, 46–47, Albert, Prince (“Abby”) (grandson), 58 134–135, 136, 140 Albert, Prince (great-grandson). See royal court reforms of, 119–121 George VI royal mews design and, 69 Albert, Prince Consort of Great Britain royal role of, 35–37 and Ireland, 1, 32, 46, 130 Victoria Cross design and, 232 accomplishments of, 36 Victoria’s letters to, 11 Balmoral CastleCOPYRIGHTED and, 1, 41, 155–162 Victoria’s MATERIAL mourning for, 2, 5, 6, 19, birth and childhood of, 33–34 40–43, 50, 52, 60, 75, 76, 100, 136, Buckingham Palace and, 209, 210, 213, 144, 164, 260–261, 274 215, 217, 218–219 Windsor Castle and, 38–39, 83–84, 88, children’s marriages and, 48–49 92–97, 122 Christmas tree popularization by, 188 Windsor livery design and, 69 courtship and wedding of, 34–35 Albert, Prince of Prussia and Regent of death anniversary of, 76, 144 Brunswick, 259

317 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 318

318 INDEX

Alberta (royal yacht), 177, 280–281 Aldershot, 269 Albert Cottage, 185 Alexander II, Emperor of Russia, 54, 56, Albert Edward (“Bertie”) (eldest son), 166, 196 Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), Alexander III, Emperor of Russia, 166, 58, 133–142, 166 168 Abergeldie Castle lease of, 161 Alexander, Prince (grandson and Beat- ascension to throne of, 279–282, 284 rice’s son), 61 birth and childhood of, 45, 134–135 Alexander, Prince (grandson and Bertie’s Buckingham Palace events and, 221, son), 140 226, 228, 236 Alexander, Prince of Battenberg, 51 children of, 133, 136–137, 140–151 Alexandra, Empress of Russia. See Alix of Devonshires’ ball and, 251, 252 Hesse Diamond Jubilee and, 20, 259, 260, 263, Alexandra, Princess (great-granddaughter), 266 145 disdain for John Brown of, 43 Alexandra, Princess (“Sandra”) (grand- extramarital affairs of, 9, 137–139, 140, daughter), 57 200, 243 Alexandra, Princess of Wales and Queen governmental duties and, 61, 140 Consort of Edward VII (“Alix”) Karim and, 203 (daughter-in-law), 52, 92, 168, 182 levees and, 230 Buckingham Palace events and, 226, Marlborough House Set and, 240–241 227, 228, 236 marriage of, 83, 135–136 court scandal and, 71 mother’s death and funeral and, daughter Maud’s wedding and, 133, 147, 276–277, 279–282, 284 149, 150 on mother’s declining health, 273 Devonshires’ fancy dress ball and, 252 Osborne House and, 178, 182 diamond collar resille of, 245 parents’ expectations for, 41, 46–47, Diamond Jubilee and, 263, 266 134–135 marriage of, 135–136 personality of, 134–135, 139–140 maternal possessiveness of, 141, 144, Russian royals’ visit and, 168–171, 145–146 173–174, 175 personal appeal of, 136 Albert Memorial Chapel, 83–84, 143, 283, as queen consort, 279, 280, 282 284 resentment of Beatrice by, 61 Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. See Albert, son Albert Victor’s death and, 143 Prince Consort of Great Britain and Victoria’s death and funeral and, 277, Ireland 279, 280, 282 Albert Victor, Prince and Duke of Alfred, Prince (“Affie”) (son), Duke of Clarence (“Eddy”) (grandson), 165, Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 182 115, 167, 259 birth of, 136, 141 birth of, 45, 55 death of, 19, 45, 143, 144, 273 death of, 274 interment in Albert Memorial Chapel of, dislike of Brown by, 43 84, 143 as father’s favorite, 47, 55 youth and problems of, 141–143 marriage and children of, 56–57 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 319

INDEX 319

mother’s Golden Jubilee bonnet and, aristocracy 19 education of, 238 personal traits of, 55–56 entertainments and, 244–246 Alfred, Prince (grandson), 57 etiquette and, 243–244 Ali, Hourmet, 201, 202 leading hostess of, 248–255 Alice, Princess (daughter), 39, 41, 57, 166, London social season and, 237, 240–242 182 male activities and, 242–243 birth of, 45, 52 number of, 238 children of, 52, 53 royal ceremonial image and, 223 death of, 45, 53, 76, 273 royal household and, 66, 76–79, 127 mother’s criticisms of, 47 Victoria’s and Albert’s view of, 8 mother’s mementos of, 100, 279 women’s activities and, 243–244 social causes of, 52–53 women’s presentation at court, 224–230 Alice, Princess (granddaughter), 60, 149 Arlington, Earl of, 207 Alix, Princess of Wales. See Alexandra Aronson, Theo, 144 Alix of Hesse (“Alicky”) (granddaughter) Arran, Earl of, 27 (later Empress of Russia), 6, 12, 142, Arthur, Prince (grandson), 59 257 Arthur, Prince and Duke of Connaught Balmoral visit of, 165, 168–176 and Strathearn (son) birth and childhood of, 52, 53, 54, 55 birth of, 45, 59 courtship and marriage of, 55, 166–168 nephew Ernie’s wedding and, 166 role as empress, 6, 168 brother-in-law’s eye loss and, 58 Alten, Charles von, 248 Buckingham Palace events and, 226, 228 Alten, Louisa von. See Devonshire, Devonshires’ fancy dress ball and, 253 Duchess of Diamond Jubilee and, 21, 259, 263, 267 Amberley, Lady, 32 mother’s death and funeral and, 276, American heiresses, 240–241 277, 279, 280, 282, 284 Amir Khan, 260 as mother’s favorite, 47, 59 Ampleforth, 239 on mother’s outlook, 31 Ampthill, Baroness, 289 personal life of, 59 Angeli, Heinrich von, 92, 95, 182 Russian royals’ visit and, 170, 171 Anglesey, Marquess of, 241 Ashanti Expedition, 62 Anglicanism. See Church of England Athenaeum (private club), 242 Anglo-Egyptian campaign, 170 Athole, Duchess of, 289 Anne, Dowager Duchess of Athole, 289 Augusta, Princess and Grand Duchess of Anne, Dowager Duchess of Roxburghe, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 21, 259 79, 289 Augusta, Princess of Hesse-Kassel, 27 anti-Semitism, 54, 240 Augustus, Prince and Duke of Sussex, Antrim, Lady. See Louisa, Countess of 27 Antrim Australia, 4, 17 Aosta, Duke of, 282 Appleton Hall, 151 Bacchante (ship), 141 Argyll, Duke of, 59 Bagehot, Walter, 63 Aribert, Prince of Anhalt, 58 Bagot, Lord, 228 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 320

320 INDEX

balls Benson, E. F., 174 Balmoral ghillies’, 163 Benson, Edward White, Archbishop of debutante, 224, 244 Canterbury, 149, 150 Diamond Jubilee, 12, 24, 246, 249–255 Beresford, Lord Charles, 138 social season, 244–246, 249 Bernhardt, Sarah, 199–200 Balmoral Castle, 12, 60, 97, 145, 153–164, Biarritz, 191 186, 201, 220, 257 Biasini, Sebastien-Marcel, 196 Albert’s death and, 40, 41, 42, 43 Biddulph, Sir Michael, 288 grandchildren’s holidays in, 54 Bigge, Lady, 71 history of, 156 Bigge, Lieutenant General Sir Arthur, 20, interior/exterior description of, 157–161 70–71, 102, 168, 173, 228, 288, 289 Russian royals’ visit to, 165, 168–174 Birkhall estate, 160–161, 175 Victoria’s journals on life at, 1–2 Birkin, Anne, 100 Victoria’s railway travel to, 69, 153–154 Bismarck, Otto von, 49 Victoria’s routine at, 161–163 Bizet, Georges, 113 banquets, state, 87, 127–132 Blatchford, Lady Isabella, 178 Diamond Jubilee and, 259–260, 266 Blenheim Palace, 208 menus of, 131–132 Blore, Edward, 89, 209, 210, 211, 212, table settings for, 129–131 214, 215, 217, 226, 259 Baring, Lady Susan, 66, 75 Blue Hungarian Band, 251 Barlow, Sir Thomas, 275 Blue Room (Windsor Castle), 40 barons, 238 Board of Green Cloth, 67–68 Barry, Sir Charles, 179 Boer War, 19, 58, 61, 274 Barton Manor, 185, 187 Bolton Abbey, 247 Battenberg, Prince of. See Henry; Louis Bootle-Wilbraham, Edward. See Lathom, Beatrice, Princess (“Baby Bee”) (grand- Earl of daughter), 57 Bostick, Sam, 125 Beatrice, Princess (daughter), 11, 41, 59, Boyd-Carpenter, William, 187 147, 178, 224, 231, 267 Bradford, Sir Edward, 169 birth of, 45, 60 Braemar Gathering, 163 at Buckingham Palace, 224 Braemar Highland Society, 163 court scandal and, 71 Britannia (ship), 141 marriage and children of, 61–62 British Empire, 13, 108, 201 mother’s close relationship with, 47, as Diamond Jubilee focus, 19–20, 60–62, 74–75, 101 261–262, 269, 271 mother’s death and, 277 honors and awards of, 232–235 mother’s French holiday and, 191, 194 unrest in, 19, 274 Osborne House and, 185, 188 Victoria as symbol of, 4–5, 17, 43, 45 piano playing by, 114 Victoria’s death and, 276–285 rheumatism of, 103 zenith of, 4–5 Bedford, Duchess of, 289 See also India Begg, John, 112 British monarchy, 45–63 Belgium, 6 Albert’s role in, 35–37 Bennet, John, 172 art collection of, 172 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 321

INDEX 321

ceremony of, 223–230 Buckingham Palace, 18, 59, 65, 90, 119, china and glassware of, 129–130 184 court dress and, 228–229, 231 administration of, 155 cousin intermarriage and, 54–55 Albert’s rooms preserved at, 40 domestic moral image of, 5, 8–10, 48, 62, ceremonies and social events at, 223–233 63, 95 Diamond Jubilee and, 12, 22, 23–24, European royal marriages and, 6, 45, 207, 224, 258–262, 266–269 48–60, 142–143 garden parties at, 10, 235–236, 268–269 family deaths and, 19, 45, 58, 60, 62, 76, layout, decoration, furnishings of, 273, 274 207–221 first motion pictures of, 176 Princess Maud’s wedding at, 147, hemophilia carriers and, 9, 53, 55, 59, 148–150 61 royal mews of, 23–24, 69 influence in European courts of, 6, 45 sanitation and, 49 jubilee celebrations and, 18, 19 (see also Builder, The (magazine), 210 Diamond Jubilee) Buksh, Mahomet, 201 line of succession and, 26 Bulgaria, 6 loss of respect for, 62–63 Bulgaria, Prince and Princess of, 259–260 official residences of, 155 Burns, Robert, 106 revised image of, 5, 7–8, 63, 223, 271 Byng, Mary, 289 royal children’s reputation and, 62–63 Byng, Sir Henry, 69, 288 royal children’s upbringing and, 46–48 royal household and, 65–80, 124, 223 calls, social, 243–244 scandals and, 8, 9, 25–26, 62–63, Cambridge, Duke of, 172, 263 137–138, 140 Cambridge University, 135, 142 Victoria’s funeral and, 281–285 Campbell, John, Marquess of Lorne (son- Victoria’s long reign and, 5, 175, in-law), 59, 259, 280 257 Campbell, Walter, 288 See also specific members Canada, 4, 17, 20, 58, 59, 261 British Red Cross, 57 Cannadine, David, 66 Brooke, Lady Daisy, Countess of Warwick, Canterbury, Archbishop of, 7, 31, 149, 138–139, 140, 239, 240, 244, 246, 248, 150, 163, 264, 265, 270, 283 254 Carington, Sir William, 192, 288 Brown, Archibald, 60 Carl, Prince of Brunswick, 129 Brown, John, 1, 2, 11, 32, 42–43, 60, 74, Carl, Prince of Denmark (later King 107, 201, 279 Haakon VII of Norway), 12, 146–151 Brown, Lancelot (Capability), 210 Carlos, King of Portugal, 282, 284 Browne, Henry, 288 Carlton (private club), 242 Bruce, Lady Augusta, 158 Carlton House, 90, 91, 93, 208, 214, 215, Buccleuch, Duchess of. See Louisa, 216, 220 Duchess of Buccleuch Carmen (opera), 113 Buccleuch, Duke of, 76, 156 Caroline, Princess of Brunswick, 25–26 Buckingham, Duke of, 208 Cassel, Ernest, 240 Buckingham House, 208 Cathcart, Emily, 289 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 322

322 INDEX

Catherine of Braganza, 85 at Devonshires’ fancy dress ball, 250, Catholics. See Roman Catholicism 252, 254 Cavendish, Lord Frederick, 247 Churchill, Sir Winston, 241 Cavendish, Spencer Compton, Duke of Church of England, 75, 163, 238, 268, Devonshire, 245–255 270, 278. See also Canterbury, Arch- Cavendish-Bentinck, William, Duke of bishop of; York, Archbishop of Portland, 69, 228, 247, 254 Church of St. George (Cannes), 198 Cazalet Villa Liserb, 198 Church of Scotland, 163 Cecil, Lord William, 228, 288 Cimiez (France), 191, 195–200, 203, 205, Central Telegraph Office, 262 275 Chamberlain, Joseph, 20 cinematograph, 176 Chapel of the Resurrection, 87 Civil List, 28, 72, 156 Charles II, King of England, 82, 85, 86, Clarence, Duke of. See Albert Victor 88, 155 Clarence House, 56 Charlotte, Princess of Germany (grand- Clarendon, Lord, 158, 162, 267 daughter), 50, 182 Clerk, John, 289 Charlotte, Princess of Great Britain and clerk of the closet, 75 Ireland, 26, 27, 35 clerk of the kitchen, 122 Charlotte, Queen Consort of George III Clifden, Nellie, 135 (Victoria’s grandmother), 92, 96, 107, clubs (London), 242 208 Coburg, 167 Christmas tree custom and, 188 colonialism. See British Empire Charterhouse, 239 Colville, Sir William, 73, 287 Chatsworth House, 247, 250 Compton Place, 247 chef de cuisine, 123–124, 127 Connaught and Strathearn, Duchess of. Chelsea Royal Hospital, 260 See Louise child labor, 125 Connaught and Strathearn, Duke of. See Chiswick House, 247 Arthur chivalric orders, 233–235 Conroy, John, 29, 31 Christian IX, King of Denmark, 135 Consoni, Nicola, 218 Christian, Prince of Denmark, 149 Constantine I, King of the Hellenes, 51 Christian, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein Constream Guards, 147, 148 (son-in-law), 57–58, 159, 259 Conyngham, Marquess of, 31, 66, 78 Christian Victor, Prince of Schleswig-Hol- Cook, T. A., 266 stein (“Christle”) (grandson), 58, 148, Corelli, Marie, 106 274 Cornforth, John, 91, 93 Christmas festivities, 12, 177–178, 186, court circular, 68, 269, 275 187–190, 274 courtiers, Court of St. James’s. See royal dinner menu, 190 household Churchill, Lady Jane. See Jane, Baroness Covent Garden, 113, 244 Churchill Coventry, Earl of, 228, 288 Churchill, Lady Randolph (Jennie Cowell, Sir John, 68 Jerome), 59, 111, 238, 241, 243, 247 Crace & Sons, 86 Crown of India award to, 232 Crathie Church, 163, 173, 174 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 323

INDEX 323

Crawford, Earl of, 220 hymn written for, 258, 265 Crimean War, 166, 211, 232–233 London social season and, 237–255 Charge of the Light Brigade survivors of, planning for, 18–24 260, 264 Prince of Wales and, 20, 260, 263, 266 crown equerry, 69, 288 processional route of, 22, 23, 257–258, Crystal Palace, 36 260, 261–264, 265–266 Cubitt, Thomas, 179–180, 181 significance of, 271 Cumberland, Duchess of, 27 state banquet for, 259–260, 266 Cumberland, Duke of. See Ernst August as twilight of an era, 24, 271 Cumberland Lodge, 96 Victoria’s image and, 5–6 Cumming, Sir William Gordon, 140 Victoria’s photographic portrait for, Curzon, George, 241 15–16 Curzon, Viscount, 228, 288 Victoria’s transport and acclamation at, Cust, Lady, 289 24, 262–263, 265–266, 267–268, 270–271 Dagmar, Princess of Denmark, 143, 196 Dickens, Charles, 106, 107 Dalkeith Palace, 156 diplomatic corps, 21, 228, 230, 270 dance cards, 246 Disraeli, Benjamin, 32, 40, 42, 107, 162 Davidson, Sir Arthur, 69, 228, 289 Ditweiler, Emily, 125 Davidson, Randall, Bishop of Winchester, dogs, royal, 8, 94–95, 103, 276 7, 71, 264, 276, 280, 284, 285 “dollar Princesses,” 240–241 debutantes, 224–231, 244 domestic staff. See servants Deceased Wife’s Sister Marriage Act, Dossé, Ernest, 195 61 Downe, Viscountess, 289 Deer Drive, The (Landseer), 181 Downey, A. J., 15, 16, 176 de Grey, Lady, 252, 254 drawing rooms (court presentations), De la Roche (painter), 183 224–231 Delorme, Monsieur, 122 Drummond, Frances, 226, 228, 289 Denmark, 6, 12, 135, 141, 146–147, 282 Drummond, Malcolm, 288 Devonshire, Duchess of (Louisa von Dudley, Countess of, 254 Alten), 248–255 Duff, Alexander, Duke of Fife, 145 Devonshire, Duke of (Spencer Compton Duff, Lady Alexandra, 149 Cavendish), 246–255 dukedoms, 238 Devonshire House, 247, 249–255 Dumas, Alexandre père, 106 Diamond Jubilee, 3, 45, 65, 175, 207, 223, Durbar Room (Osborne House), 186, 188, 224, 257–271 189 British Empire as focus of, 17, 19–20, Dyce, William, 183 43, 261–262, 269, 272, 274 cathedral service for, 265 earl marshal, 238 commemorative items for, 22 earls, 238 Devenshires’ fancy dress ball for, 12, East India Company, 108 246, 249–255 East Sheen Lodge, 145 garden party for, 268–269 ecclesiastical household, 75–76 honors awards and, 233 Edinburgh, Duke of. See Alfred bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 324

324 INDEX

Edith, Countess of Lytton, 22, 79, 118, marriage of, 55, 57, 166–167 160, 171–172, 174–175, 261, 270, 289 Erroll, Countess of, 289 Edward III, King of England, 83, 234, 235 Erskine, Lady Sybil St. Clair, 143 Edward VII, King of Great Britain and etiquette, 110, 131, 243–244 Ireland (son), 279–282, 284. See also Eton College, 83, 88, 239, 268 Albert Edward, Prince of Wales Etruscan Service (china), 129 Edward VIII, King of Great Britain and Eugene, Prince of Sweden and Norway, 259 Ireland (later Duke of Windsor) Eugenie, Empress of the French, 71, 86, (great-grandson), 81, 96, 144, 161, 100, 198, 212 173, 261 Ewart, Sir Henry, 69 Edward, Prince and Duke of Kent Excelsior Regina Hotel (Cimiez), 196–200, (father), 27–28 275 Edwards, Sir Fleetwood, 71–72, 228, 288, extramarital affairs. See scandals 289 Egerton, Josslyn Seymour, 226, 289 family life Ehrenburg Palais, 167 Albert and Victoria and, 5, 8–10, 48, 62, electricity, 102–103, 186 63, 95 Elfin (royal tender), 187 aristocracy and, 237–238 Eliot, Philip, Dean of Windsor, 75, 283, Faudel-Phillips, Sir George, 263–264 284 Fellowes, Ailwyn, 67, 228, 287 Elisabeth, Princess of Hesse (“Ella”) feminist studies, 11 (granddaughter), 52, 53, 54, 166, 167, Feodora (Victoria’s half sister), 28, 29 173, 259, 270 Ferdinand IV, King of Naples, 129 Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 5 Ferdinand, King of Romania, 143, 166 Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain and Ferguson, Honorable Mrs., 226, 228, 289 of Northern Ireland, 6, 10 Ferry, Monsieur, 192, 199 Elizabeth, Duchess of Bedford, 289 Fife, Duchess of. See Louise, Princess and Elizabeth, Grand Duchess of Russia, 259 Duchess of Fife Ely, Lady Jane, 80 Fife, Duke of (Alexander Duff), 145 Emich Karl, Duke of Leiningen, 28 First Prussian Dragoons, 167, 262 Emily, Baroness Ampthill, 289 Fitzalan-Howard, Henry, Duke of Nor- Entombment of Christ, The (painting), folk, 278 184, 277 Fitzalan-Howard family, 238 equerries, 69, 76, 113, 127, 131, 192, 236, Fitzclarence children, 26, 29 267, 280, 288 Fitzherbert, Marie, 25 Ernst, Duke (Albert’s father), 34 Florence, 191 Ernst August, Prince and Duke of Cum- Florinda (Winterhalter), 183 berland (later King of Hanover), 27, food and menus 29, 107 for balls, 246 Ernst Ludwig, Prince and Grand Duke of chef de cuisine and, 111, 123–124, 127 Hesse (“Ernie”) (grandson), 118, 165, for Christmas festivities, 189–190 259, 270, 282 for garden parties, 236 birth and childhood of, 52, 53, 54 for large dinner parties, 110–112 sexuality of, 55 for Princess Maud’s wedding, 150 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 325

INDEX 325

for royal household meals, 126–127 Garrard jewelers, 108, 130 for royal household supplies, 121 Garter Service (china), 129 for state banquets, 87, 127–132, Garter Throne Room (Windsor), 235 259–260, 266 gas lighting, 122 for Victoria’s breakfasts, 101 George I, King of the Hellenes, 282 Victoria’s rapid eating and, 74, 112 George III, King of Great Britain and Ire- for Victoria’s south of France holiday, land (grandfather), 8, 25, 27, 129, 196 199 Buckingham Palace and, 208, 209 for Victoria’s tea, 106 death of, 4, 28 footmen, 72, 121, 126, 131, 259 long reign of, 18, 257 Fort Belvedere, 95 popular press and, 62 France, 170, 174 Windsor Castle and, 85, 92, 95 Victoria’s holiday in south of, 191–205 George IV, Prince Regent and King of Frances, Countess of Warwick, 32 Great Britain and Ireland (uncle), 62, Francis, Prince of Teck, 146 235 Franco-Prussian War, 49–50 ascension of, 28 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria- Buckingham Palace and, 208, 209, 212, Hungary, 259, 282 214, 216 Frederica, Princess and Duchess of York, china services of, 129, 130 26 death of, 30, 38–39 Frederica, Princess of Mecklenburg-Stre- scandals and, 25–26 litz and Duchess of Cumberland, 27 Windsor Castle and, 82–83, 86–91 Frederick, Prince and Duke of York, 26 George V, King of Great Britain and Frederick, Prince of Prussia, 59 Ireland (grandson), 52, 148, 149, 172, Fredericka, Princess of Hanover, 259 259, 277 Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark, 146, birth of, 136 149 children of, 144, 261 Friedrich Wilhelm II, King of Prussia Devonshires’ fancy dress ball and, 253 (great-grandfather), 26, 54 marriage of, 143–144 Friedrich Wilhelm III (“Fritz”) (son-in- on mother, Alexandra’s, selfishness, 141 law), Prince of Prussia and Emperor of personal traits of, 143 Germany, 19, 48–50, 182 youth of, 141, 142 Friedrich Wilhelm (“Frittie), Prince of George VI, King of Great Britain and Ire- Hesse (grandson), 52, 53 land (Prince Albert) (great-grandson), Frogmore, 96, 101, 104, 105–106, 136, 144, 261 177, 201, 258, 274, 279, 284, 285 Germany, 6, 282 Fulford, Sir Roger, 34 British royal marriages and, 45, 48–50, Fullerton, Rear Admiral, 193 57 Furstenburg Service (china), 129 Christmas tree tradition and, 188 unification of, 49–50 Gainsborough, Thomas, 92 Gernsheim, Alison, 9 gardeners, 121–122 Gernsheim, Helmut, 9 garden parties, 10, 72, 235–236, 268–269 ghillies’ ball, 163 Gardiner, H. Lynedoch, 288 Gibbons, Grinling, 85, 86, 87 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 326

326 INDEX

Golden Jubilee (1887), 19, 21, 22, 231 drug addictions of, 9, 58 Gordon, Sir Robert, 156 marriage and children of, 57–58 Goring House, 207 mother’s death and, 276–277 Gosse, Edmund, 3 personal traits of, 57 Grand Hotel (Cimiez), 196 Helena Victoria, Princess (“Thora”) Grant, Francis, 94 (granddaughter), 58 Great Exhibition (1851), 36 Hélène, Princess (daughter of Comte de Great Western Railway, 224 Paris), 142 Greece, 6, 45, 51, 282 hemophilia, 9, 53, 55, 59, 61 Green Drawing Room (Windsor Castle), Henderson, Mrs. (housekeeper), 119, 124 94 Henniker Major, J. E. de G., 226 Grenadier Guards Regiment, 280, 283, Henry II, King of England, 82 285 Henry VII, King of England, 227 Grey, Charles, 66, 70 Henry VIII, King of England, 65, 83, 95 groom-of-the-chamber, 70 Henry, Prince of Battenberg (“Liko”) grooms-in-waiting, 267, 288 (son-in-law), 114, 115, 185 Grüner, Ludwig, 91, 96, 179, 180, 181, Beatrice’s marriage to, 61–62 213, 217, 218 court scandal and, 71 Gurkha Rifle Regiment, 233 death of, 19, 62, 147 Gustav VI, King of Sweden, 59 Herbert, Sidney, Earl of Pembroke, 67, 227, 267, 288 Haakon VII, King of Norway, 12, 146–151 Hesse, 6, 52–55, 259 Hall, Phillip, 178 Hesse, Grand Duchess of. See Elisabeth Halsbury, Lord, 267 Hesse, Grand Duke of. See Ernst Ludwig Hampton Court Palace, 119 Hill, Lord Arthur, 68, 228, 288 “Happy Darkies Workin’ in the Field” Hohenzollern (German royal yacht), 281 (song), 110 Hohenzollern Dynasty, 50, 276 Harald, Prince of Denmark, 149 Holker Hall, 247 Harbord, Charles, 288 Holland, Henry, 90 Harbord, Judith, 226, 228, 289 Holyrood House, 155 Harcourt, Marquis d’, 105–106 homosexuality, 55, 58, 59, 102 Hardwick Hall, 247 Hong Kong, 4, 17, 20 Harrow, 239 Honorable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms, Hartington, Lord, 112 227, 236 Heinrich, Prince of Prussia (grandson), honors and awards, 231–235 50, 54, 259 housekeeper, 119, 124, 127 Helen, Princess of Waldeck-Pyrmont and housemaids, 125, 126 Duchess of Albany (daughter-in-law), House of Commons, 240, 241, 242, 267, 60, 92, 226, 228 269 Helena, Princess (“Lenchen”) (daughter) House of Lords, 239–240, 242, 267 birth of, 45, 57 Hyde Park, 22, 23, 41, 210, 243, 258, 262, Buckingham Palace events and, 224, 226 267 court scandal and, 71 Diamond Jubilee events and, 258, 263 Ileana, Princess of Romania, 55 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 327

INDEX 327

Imperial College, 36 Kensington Palace, 59, 208 Imperial Order of the Crown of India, 232 servants’ quarters in, 119 India, 19, 20, 108, 201, 268 statue of Victoria, 59 medals and awards, 232, 233 Victoria’s girlhood in in, 28–29, 30 munshi and, 200–205 Kensington System, 29 Victoria as Empress of, 4–5, 17, 43, 45 Kent, Duchess of (Victoria’s mother). See Victoria’s fascination with, 5, 185–186 Victoire Indian Imperial Service Troops, 262, 263 Kent, Duke of (Victoria’s father). See Industrial Revolution, 4, 5, 17, 36 Edward, Prince and Duke of Kent Ingeborg, Princess of Denmark, 149 Kent, William, 249 investiture ceremonies, 233–235 Kent House, 185 Ireland, 19, 247 Kipling, John, 186 Irene, Princess of Hesse (later Princess of Kipling, Rudyard, 186 Prussia) (granddaughter), 52, 54–55, Kirill Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Rus- 259 sia, 259 Irish home rule, 19 knighthoods, 67, 232, 233–235 Irving, Sir Henry, 232, 268 Koh-i-noor Diamond, 108 Irving, Washington, 106 Isle of Wight, 177–178. See also Osborne ladies-in-waiting, 69, 76, 110, 192 House queen’s dressers and, 125, 127, 202, 279 ladies of the bedchamber, 104, 267, 289. “Jack the Ripper” murders, 102 See also women of the bedchamber Jacquot (donkey), 105, 192 Lady River (anon. pamphlet), 138 James, Robert Rhodes, 179 Laking, Sir Francis, 143 Jane, Baroness Churchill, 78, 274, 289 Lancaster, Duchy of, 72 Japan, Prince of, 259 Landseer, Sir Edwin, 94, 95, 103, 181, 183 Jenner, Sir William, 42 Langtry, Lillie, 138, 243 Jerome, Jennie. See Churchill, Lady Ran- Lathom, Earl of (Edward Bootle- dolph Wilbraham), 65, 67, 148, 227, 254, Jersey, Lady, 25 269, 287 jewelry, 16, 56, 107–109, 245, 252 Laurier, Sir Wilfrid, 261 Jews, 54, 232, 240, 268 Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Jockey Club Stakes, 175 Highlands (Queen Victoria), 1–2, John Brown’s Legs, or Leaves from a Jour- 106–107 nal in the Lowlands (anon. pamphlet), Lee, Cameron, 163 107 Legge, Henry, 228, 288 Jones, Edmund, 210 Lehzen, Louise, 29 Jordan, Dorothy, 26 Leiter, Mary, 241 jubilees. See Diamond Jubilee; Golden Leopold I, Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Jubilee; Silver Jubilee and King of the Belgians (uncle), 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 39, 212 Karim, Abdul, 5, 11, 12, 32, 113, 114, 195, Leopold II, King of the Belgians (cousin), 258, 269 20, 282 background/behavior of, 200–204 Leopold, Prince (grandson), 61 Karl (Victoria’s half brother), 28–29 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 328

328 INDEX

Leopold, Prince and Duke of Albany Louise, Princess (daughter) (son), 100 beauty and personal traits of, 58–59 on Balmoral’s drawbacks, 161 birth of, 43, 45, 58 birth of, 45, 59 mother’s clashes with, 47 death of, 45, 60, 198, 273 mother’s death and, 276–277 hemophilia of, 9, 59–60 rift with Beatrice of, 62 interment in Albert Memorial Chapel of, scandals of, 9, 71 84 Louise, Princess and Duchess of Con- personal traits of, 47, 60 naught and Strathearn (daughter-in- Leslie, Anita, 144, 242 law), 59, 92, 166, 253 Leslie, Lady Leonie, 59 Louise, Princess and Duchess of Fife levees, 72, 230 (granddaughter), 136, 144–145, 149, Life Guards Regiments, 147, 224, 226, 161 258, 262 Louise, Princess of Denmark, 146 Lily Font (royal christenings), 46 Louise, Princess of Prussia, 59 Lismore Castle, 247 Louise, Queen of Denmark, 137 London Louise of Saxe-Coburg-Altenburg Diamond Jubilee and, 16–18, 22, 23, (Albert’s mother), 34 257–265 Louis Philippe, King of the French, 92 Victoria’s funeral cortege through, Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse und Bei 281–282 Rhein (son-in-law), 19, 52, 53–54, 55, London, Bishop of, 264, 268 61, 182, 202 London and North Western Railway, Luxembourg, Hereditary Grand Duke of, 153 259 London Daily Mail, 261, 264 Lytton, Lady Edith. See Edith, Countess of Londonderry, Lord, 268 Lytton London social season, 224, 237–255 Devonshires’ ball and, 250–255 MacDonald, Andrew, 172 Longford, Elizabeth, 7, 11, 66 MacDonald, Flora, 289 lord chamberlain, 23, 65–67, 120, 127, maids of honor, 66, 79, 104, 192, 226, 289 257, 284, 287 Mallet, Marie, 74, 78, 162, 173, 191, 273 honors awards and, 233 Manchester, Duke of, 241, 248 social functions and, 224, 225, 227, 235, Mansion House, 22, 265 236 Marble Arch, 209, 210 Lord Mayor of London, 22, 265 Margaret, Princess of Connaught (grand- lords-in-waiting, 76, 267, 288 daughter) (later Queen Consort of lord steward, 67–68, 120, 227, 284, 287, Sweden), 59, 149 288 Margaret, Princess of Germany (“Mossy”) Lorne, Marquess of. See Cambell, John (granddaughter), 50, 51 Louis, Prince of Battenberg (grandson-in- Marie, Princess (“Missy”) (granddaughter) law), 54, 61, 203, 282–283 (later Queen Consort of Romania) Louisa, Countess of Antrim, 66, 148, 289 on Balmoral’s decor, 158 Louisa, Duchess of Buccleuch, 76, 148, brother-in-law Ernie’s wedding and, 166 171, 226, 228 on Buckingham Palace garden, 211 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 329

INDEX 329

on family’s Teutonic accent, 47 master of the household, 67–68, 110, 120, on life at Windsor, 93, 101, 103, 127, 129, 130, 175, 269, 288 104–105, 113 Maud, Princess (great-granddaughter), marriage of, 143 145 parents of, 57 Maud, Princess (“Harry”) (granddaugh- on Swiss Cottage, 185 ter) (later Queen Consort of Norway), Marie, Princess of Erbach-Schönberg, 12, 182, 277 233–234 beauty and personality of, 146 Marie, Princess of Hesse (“May”) (grand- wedding of, 133, 146–151 daughter), 52, 53 Maurice, Prince (grandson), 61 Marie Alexandrovna, Duchess of Edin- May, Hugh, 82, 85, 87 burgh (daughter-in-law), 92, 104, McDonald, Annie, 155 277 McNeill, Sir John, 69, 288 background of, 56–57 Meakin, John, 100 Marie Feodorovna, Empress of Russia, meals. See food and menus 138, 168 Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Grand Duchess of, Marie Louise, Princess of Schleswig- 21, 259 Holstein (“Louie”) (granddaughter), Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Grand Duke of, 259 49, 58, 167, 246, 270, 284 media, 1, 8, 9, 62, 63, 70, 145 Marie of Edinburgh, Princess, 143 medical household, 66, 73–74, 75, 78 Marlborough, Duchess of (Consuelo Van- Melbourne, Lord, 32, 178 derbilt), 109, 112, 241, 244, 248, 249 Menager, Monsieur, 123–124 Devonshires’ fancy dress ball and, Mendelssohn, Felix, 104, 113, 216, 258 254–255 menus. See food and menus on Victoria’s funeral, 283 Michael Alexandrovich, Grand Duke of Marlborough, Duke of, 208, 241 Russia, 282 Marlborough House, 133, 136, 147, 148, Michie, John, 176 150, 240 Military Knights of Windsor, 83 Marlborough House Set, 240–241 Minton Service (china), 129 Mar Lodge, 145, 161 mistress of the robes, 76, 148, 226, 266, Marochetti, Carlo, 97 289 marquesses, 238 Mitchie, Mrs., 180, 186 Mary, Duchess of York and Queen Con- Mohammed Ali, Prince of Egypt, 260 sort of George V (daughter-in-law), 21, monarchy. See British monarchy 146, 172, 261, 277 Mongenet, Thérèse-Bernadine (Julie de St. Devonshires’ fancy dress ball and, 253 Laurent), 27 marriage of, 143–144 Montefiore, Sir Moses, 232 Mary, Queen of Scots, 155 Montenegro, Crown Prince of, 259 Mary of Teck. See Mary, Duchess of York Mordaunt, Sir Charles, 137–138 and Queen Consort of George V Mordaunt, Lady Harriet, 137–138 mass media. See media More Leaves from the Journal of A Life in master of ceremonies, 287 the Highlands (Queen Victoria), 2, 107 master of the buckhounds, 288 motion pictures, 176 master of the horse, 69, 72, 120, 287, 288 Mount Stephen, Lord, 204 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 330

330 INDEX

Mrs. John Brown (pamphlet), 43 129, 148, 227, 234–235, 279, 283 munshi. See Karim, Abdul Order of the Golden Fleece, 251 Murray, Lady Augusta, 27 Order of the Indian Empire, 232, 233 Muslim Patriotic League, 204 Order of the Star of India, 232 Order of the Thistle, 233 Naples, Prince of, 259 Order of Victoria, 77 Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 4, 87, Order of Victoria and Albert, 227 252 Orders of Knighthood, 67 Napoleon III, Emperor of the French, 61, Orléans Service (china), 129 71, 86, 87, 212 Orthodox Church, 56, 166, 167, 168 Nash, John, 90, 208–209, 210, 211, 213, Osborne (Prince of Wales’s yacht), 281 215, 216, 226 Osborne House, 12, 54, 69, 97, 103, 158, National Gallery, 36 177–190, 201, 220 Neeld, Colonel, 227–228, 288 Christmas at, 187–190, 274 Nelson, Lord Horatio, 85 grandchildren’s holidays in, 54 Neptune Entrusting the Command of the mourning for Albert and, 40, 41, 42, Seas to Britannia (Dyce), 183 43 New Year’s awards, 231–232 Princess Alice’s wedding in, 52 Nice, 191, 195, 196, 199, 205 Swiss Cottage at, 185 Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia, 88, 212 Victoria’s decline and death at, Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia, 12, 21, 55, 274–280 142, 165–176, 257 Ottoman Empire, 170 Nicholas, Prince of Greece, 7, 139, 146, Oxford, Bishop of, 283 147, 150 Oxford University, 60, 135 Nicholas, Prince of Russia, 143, 196 Nield, John Camden, 156 page of the chambers, 72–73, 120, 126, Nightingale, Florence, 53 289 Norfolk, Duke of, 238, 278 pages, 126, 226 Norway, 6, 12, 45, 147, 282 costumes of, 132 nouveau riche, 240 Paget, Henry, Earl of Uxbridge, 66 nursing, 53, 57 Paget, Lord Alfred, 66, 241 Paget, Minnie Stevens, 241, 252 office of the robes, 76 Paget family, 66 Office of Woods and Forests, 120, 155, Paoli, Xavier, 194–195, 197, 199 219 Paris, Comte de, 142 Okhrana agents, 169 Parliament, 18, 28, 209, 239–242, 267, 269 Olga, Grand Duchess of Russia (great- Parratt, Sir Walter, 73 granddaughter), 173 Patricia, Princess (granddaughter), 59, 149 Oliphant, Margaret, 106 Paxton, Joseph, 36 opera, 113, 244 Peel, Sir Robert, 178 Order of St. Michael and St. George, 233 Pelham-Clinton, Lord Edward, 68, 127, Order of St. Patrick, 233 130, 226, 228 Order of the Bath, 62, 233 Pembroke, Earl of (Sidney Herbert), 67, Order of the Garter, 16, 62, 87, 88, 92, 227, 267, 288 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 331

INDEX 331

Pembroke Dockyard, 193 Reid, Sir James, 172, 175, 185, 203, 204 Pennethorne, Sir James, 217, 218 personal life of, 66, 75 Phipps, Harriet, 78, 148, 202–203, 289 Princess Louise’s mischief and, 72 photography, 8–9, 16, 176 Victoria’s decline and death and, 274, Pickard, A. J., 289 275, 276, 277, 279 Plumb, J. H., 94–95 as Victoria’s personal physician, 73–74, Plymouth, Lady, 254 75, 78 Ponsonby, Lord Frederick, 66, 69–70, Reid, Whitelaw, 270 74–75, 95, 105, 106, 110–111, 113, River Dee, 156–157, 161 114, 115, 163, 183, 194, 200, 203, 204, Riviera, 191, 195–205 248, 267, 269, 284, 288, 289 Robertson (page), 126 Ponsonby, Sir Henry, 66, 70, 71, 78, 201 Robinson, Sir J. Charles, 72, 215 Ponsonby, Mary, 3, 77, 78, 162, 183 Rockingham Service (china), 129 Ponsonby family, 66 Roman Catholicism, 25, 76, 238, 239, 268, Ponsonby-Fane, Sir Spencer, 66, 67, 287 269–270 Pope-Hennessy, James, 142, 201 funerary rites of, 278 porphyria, 50 Romania, 6, 45, 57, 143, 282 Portland, Duchess of, 254 Romanov dynasty, 56 Portland, Duke of, 69, 228, 247, 254 Rosebery, Lord, 145, 158 Portugal, 6 Rossini, Gioacchino, 113 Powell, Sir Richard Douglas, 73 Rothschild, Lord, 268 Presbyterian Church, 163 Rothschild family, 240 presentation at court, 224–231 Roxburghe, Dowager Duchess of, 79, 289 private clubs, 242 Royal Academy of Art, 241 Private Life of Queen Victoria, The Royal Albert Hall, 41 (anon.), 3 Royal Artillery Brigade, 262, 284 Privy Council, 27, 41 royal bargemaster, 73 Privy Purse, 71–72, 288 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 261 Prussia. See Germany royal court. See royal household Pugin, A. W. N., 90 Royal Dragoons, 262 royal family. See British monarchy; specific Quarterly Review, 3 members Queen’s House, 208, 215. See also Buck- Royal Horse Artillery Regiment, 262 ingham Palace royal household (Court of St. James’s), 12, Queen Victoria Riding with Lord Mel- 65–80 bourne at Windsor (Grant), 94 Albert’s reforms and, 119–121 Balmoral and, 161, 162–163, 175 railway travel, 153–155, 191, 194–195, bureaucracy and waste in, 120 224, 258, 268 ceremony of, 223–236 Victoria’s funeral train and, 281 chaplains and, 75–76 Raincliffe, Lady, 253 departments/duties of, 67–73, 119–120 Rankin (Highland servant), 194 Diamond Jubilee and, 262, 269 Reform (private club), 242 hierarchical order of, 127, 131 Regal Indian Tiara, 108 munshi and, 200–204 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 332

332 INDEX

royal household (continued) Sassoon family, 240 personal sacrifices of, 79–80 Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 6, 56, 57, 167 principal officeholders of, 287–289 Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Duke of. See Alfred St. James’s Palace offices of, 65–66 scandal Victoria’s funeral and, 278, 280, 284 Albert’s parents and, 34 Victoria’s oversight of, 69–71, 75, 77–79, aristocracy and, 242–243 80 Prince of Wales and, 9, 137–139, 140, women’s positions in, 76–84, 289 200, 243 See also servants royal children and, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 62, Royal Hussars and Lancers, 262 71 Royal Lodge, 95 Victoria’s ancestors and, 8, 25–26, 62–63 Royal Marriages Act of 1772, 27 Scheffer (painter), 183 royal mausoleum. See Frogmore Schleswig-Holstein Crisis, 49 Royal Navy, 56, 141, 280 Schloss Rosenau, 156 Royal Opera House, 113, 244 Schubert, Franz, 110 Royal Pavilion (Brighton), 208, 216, 217, Scotland, 1, 153, 155–157, 163. See also 218 Balmoral Royal School of Needlework, 279 Scotland Yard, 169 Royal Scots Grays Regiment, 169, 171, 172 Scots Guards Regiment, 228 Royal Victorian Order, 233 Scott, George Gilbert, 83 Royal Worcester Service (china), 129 Scott, Sir Walter, 106 Ruprecht, Prince of Bavaria, 259 Seckendorff, Count Theodor von, 49 Russell, Bertrand, 32 Serge Alexandrovich, Grand Duke of Rus- Russia, 45, 54, 55, 56, 166, 168–170, 174, sia, 54, 166, 167, 259 232–233 sergeant footman, 72, 126 servants, 12, 40, 55, 117–132, 192, 223 St. Aubyn, Giles, 134 accommodations of, 119 St. George’s Chapel (Windsor), 82, 83, Alfred’s reforms and, 120–123 136, 234, 235 Balmoral and, 163, 175 administration of, 73, 75 Devonshires’ fancy dress ball and, 250, Diamond Jubilee service at, 258 251 Victoria’s funeral and, 279, 283–284 in domestic staff, 119 St. George’s Hall (Windsor), 128, 130, Indian, 5, 185–186, 200–201 131, 132, 270 master of the household’s supervision of, St. James’s Palace, 18, 65, 119, 143, 208, 67–68, 120, 127, 129, 130 230 meals of, 126–127 St. Mildred’s Church, 181, 185 Osborne Christmas celebration and, St. Paul’s Cathedral, 18, 21, 22, 23, 261, 187, 188 264, 277 pay and gifts to, 119, 123 Salisbury, Countess of, 234 Prince Alfred’s treatment of, 45, 57 Salisbury, Marquess of, 20, 170, 174, 287 Prince Henry and, 62 Salvin, Anthony, 84, 86 routine of, 124–126, 127, 132 Sandhurst, 239 royal ceremonial image and, 223 Sandringham, 136, 140, 143, 178, 240 state banquets and, 128–129, 131, 132 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 333

INDEX 333

Victoria’s interaction with, 118–119, 125 Thomas, Owen, 121 Seven Weeks’ War, 49, 53 Thompson, A. and W., 126 Sèvres Service (china), 129 Thyra, Princess of Denmark, 149 Shah of Persia, 212 Times of London, 147, 151, 169, 170, 230, Siam, Crown Prince of, 259, 282 249, 251, 254, 255, 276 Sigismund, Prince of Germany (grandson), Timur Necklace, 108 50 Titian, 251 Silver Jubilee (1862), 19 Travancore, Raja of, 88 Singh, Bhaj Ram, 186 traveling yeomen, 72 Smith, John, 156 Trinity College, 142 Smith, William, 156 Trinity Pier (East Cowes), 280 Soane, Sir John, 215 Triqueti, Henri de, 84 Sophia (Duke of Cumberland’s sister), 27 Tuck, Mary, 125, 202, 279 Sophie, Princess of Germany and Queen Tudor Burne, Sir Owen, 233 Consort of Greece (granddaughter), Turf Club, 242 50, 51, 200 Turi (dog), 103, 276 South Africa, 4, 17 Tweedmouth, Lady, 253 Southampton, Baroness, 226, 228, 289 Spain, 6, 45, 61 universal suffrage, 32 Staal, Baron George de, 170–171, 228 ushers, 72, 227, 236 Standart (Russian imperial yacht), 170, 171 Stewart, Sir D., 203–204 Vanderbilt, Consuelo. See Marlborough, Stockmar, Baron Christian, 31 Duchess of Stopford, Horatia, 289 Van Dyck, Anthony, 85 Story, Robert, 163 Vaughan, Cardinal, 268 Strachey, Lytton, 3–4 Verrio, Antonio, 85, 86, 87 Strauss, David, 53 vice chamberlain, 287 Strauss, Richard, 216 Victoire, Dowager Princess of Leiningen Sudan, 170 and Duchess of Kent (mother), 34, 35, suffrage rights, 32 38, 63, 96, 273 Sullivan, Sir Arthur, 258, 265 marriage and children of, 28–31 Sutherland, Duke of, 179 Victoria, Princess of Germany (grand- Swaboda, Rudolf, 185–186 daughter), 50–51 Sweden, 6, 282 Victoria, Princess of Hesse (granddaugh- Swiss Cottage (Osborne House), 185 ter), 55, 198, 203, 283 Symonds, Mrs., 174 birth and childhood of, 52, 53 marriage of, 61 tableaux vivants, 113–114 on travel to Balmoral, 155 table settings, 110, 129–131, 236 Victoria’s closeness with, 54, 165, 166, Tennyson, Alfred, 106 168 Terry, Ellen, 268 Victoria, Princess of Schleswig-Holstein Theed, William, 159 (granddaughter), 149 Theresa, Marchioness of Londonderry, Victoria, Princess of Wales (“Toria”) 253 (granddaughter), 147, 149, 277 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 334

334 INDEX

Victoria, Princess of Wales (continued) children’s royal marriages and, 45 drawing rooms and, 226, 227 christened name of, 28 mother, Alexandra’s, domination of, Christmas observance and, 12, 177–178, 145–146 186, 187–190, 274 Victoria, Princess Royal (“Vicky”) (eldest Civil List of, 28, 72, 156 daughter) (later Empress of Germany), clothing of, 15–16, 19, 99–100, 107, 108, 6, 39, 94, 97, 164, 182, 190 125–126, 227, 231, 235, 258, 259, birth of, 45, 48 260–261 nephew Ernie’s wedding and, 166 common man and, 8, 10 cancer of, 273–274, 275 contradictions in character of, 2–3, 7 children of, 50–52 court circular and, 68, 269 Diamond Jubilee and, 20, 263, 266, 267 courtiers and, 66, 69–80, 125, 148, 172, as father’s favorite, 47, 48, 134 223, 287–289 marriage of, 48–50 daily life of, 99–115, 161–164, 187 mother’s relationship with, 46, 47, 57, daughter Beatrice’s closeness with, 47, 106, 173, 200 60–62 rearing of, 47–52 death and funeral of, 184, 277–285 Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and dining habits of, 74, 112 Ireland domestic idealized image of, 5, 8–10, 48, Albert’s death and mourning by, 2, 5, 6, 62, 63, 95 19, 38–43, 50, 52, 60, 75, 76, 100, 136, as Empress of India, 4, 5, 108, 201 144, 164, 260–261, 274 as enigma, 63 Albert’s health problems and, 38–39 family members’ deaths and, 19, 45, 58, Albert’s idealization by, 34–35, 134–135, 60, 62, 76, 273, 274 279 family scandals and, 8, 9, 55, 58, artistic taste of, 94 137–138, 140 ascension to throne of, 5, 17, 21, 31, 257 financial affairs of, 71–72 background of, 25–31, 35, 38, 63, 96, food and drink preferences of, 74, 273 111–112 Balmoral routine of, 161–164 garden parties and, 10, 235–236, birth of, 25, 28 268–269 books about, 1, 2, 3–4, 7, 11 governmental affairs and, 33, 35, 41, as Britain’s longest-reigning monarch, 5, 101–102, 161–162, 170, 174, 187, 197 175, 257 (see also Diamond Jubilee) grandchildren’s arranged marriages and, British Empire and, 4–5, 108, 201, 274 12, 54–55, 58, 142, 165–168 Brown’s relationship with, 1, 2, 11, 32, grandchildren’s visits and, 54,104–105 42–43, 74, 107, 201, 279 granddaughter Alix’s marriage and, 12, ceremonial role of, 10, 223–236, 271 165–166 childhood and youth of, 28–31, 46 granddaughter Maud’s wedding and, 12, children and grandchildren of, 1, 9, 38, 148, 150 45–63, 133–151, 165–176, 184–185, granddaughter Victoria’s correspon- 187, 262 dence with, 54 children’s births and christenings and, as “grandmother of Europe,” 6, 45 45–46 half-siblings of, 28–29 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 335

INDEX 335

health problems of, 15, 42, 60, 74–75, Prince of Wales’s problems and, 103, 273, 274–277 134–137, 139, 140 hemophilia carriers and, 9, 53, 55, private journals of, 1–2, 7, 10–11, 59–60, 61 106–107, 114 holidays in France of, 12, 191–205, private secretary to, 70–71, 102, 197 275 publications about, 2–4, 6–7, 10–11 honors conferral and, 231–235 public image of, 8–10, 17, 63 images of, 3–7, 17, 63 railway travel and, 69, 153–155, 191, jewels of, 16, 56, 107–109, 112, 227, 235, 194–195, 224, 258, 268 259 religion and, 5, 11, 75–76, 163 Jubilees of, 19, 21, 22, 231 (see also Dia- residences of, 155, 165 (see also Balmoral mond Jubilee) Castle; Buckingham Palace; Osborne Karim and, 5, 11, 12, 32, 113, 114, 195, House; Windsor Castle) 200–204, 258, 269 royal ancestry of, 25–28 lack of prejudices of, 5 as ruler, 5, 7–8, 32–33, 41 literary preferences of, 106 Russian prejudice of, 166, 169 as longest-reigning British monarch, 5, sensuality of, 6, 37 17, 175, 257 servants and, 117–118, 125, 188, 192, marriage of, 5, 8, 11, 32, 33, 34–39, 63 223 mausoleum for, 96–97, 274, 279, 285 smoking aversion of, 41, 56, 57, 115, media and, 1, 8, 9, 62, 70 159, 284 misperceptions about, 6 snobbery disliked by, 118 modern conveniences and, 102–103 spiritualism and, 76 monarchy’s transformation by, 7–10, 63, state banquets and, 131 223 state papers and, 74–75 morality and, 6, 7, 9, 48, 63, 70, 248 statue of, 59 as mother, 46, 47–48, 50, 56, 57, 59, superstitions of, 76 60–62, 63 “We are not amused” remark of, 70 motion pictures of, 176 widowhood of, 1, 2, 5, 6, 15, 19, 39–44, mourning attire of, 5, 15–16, 19, 100, 100, 160, 161, 177–178, 186, 207, 112, 258, 260–261 220–221, 223, 235, 260–261 musical preferences of, 104, 110, 113 women confidantes of, 78 nine pregnancies of, 45, 46 on women’s proper role, 7, 32, 77 Osborne House routine of, 187 Victoria and Albert (royal yacht), 192–193 paintings and photographs and, 94–95, Victoria and Albert II (royal yacht), 177, 182 192–193, 281 personal fortune of, 72 Victoria Cross, 232–233 personality of, 2–3, 6, 7, 9, 31, 32–33, 35, Victoria Eugenie, Princess of Battenberg 36–37, 63, 69, 118 (granddaughter) (later Queen Consort pet dogs of, 8, 94–95, 103, 276 of Spain), 61, 185, 269 photographic portrait of, 15–16 Victoria Melita, Princess (“Ducky”) physical appearance of, 15–16, 31–32, (granddaughter), 41, 55, 57, 166–167 231 Victorian mourning, 278–279 popularity of, 2, 262–268 Villa Nevada (Cannes), 198 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 336

336 INDEX

Villiers, Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, Winchester, 239 267 Winchester, Bishop of, 7, 71, 264, 276, viscounts, 238 280, 284, 285 Windsor, Dean of, 75, 283, 284 Waddington, Mary King, 109, 110, 111, Windsor, Duke of. See Edward VIII 112, 231 Windsor Castle, 3, 12, 54, 69, 81–97, 176, Wagenrieder (page), 126 184, 224 Wagner, Richard, 113 administration of, 155 Wagon-Lits Company, 195 Albert’s death and, 40, 42, 220 Wakefield, Bishop of, 265 Diamond Jubilee and, 258, 267, 268, Waldemar, Prince of Denmark, 259 269, 270 Waldemar, Prince of Germany (grandson), electric lights and, 102–103 50 entertainments at, 109–115 Wales, Prince of. See Albert Edward grandchildren’s holidays in, 54 Wales, Princess of. See Alexandra Home Farm of, 117, 121 wardrobe maid, 125 investiture ceremonies at, 233–235 Warwick, Countess of. See Brooke, Lady kitchen of, 122–123 Daisy; Frances, Countess of Warwick livery of, 69 Weintraub, Stanley, 48, 75, 113, 185, 271, photographs and paintings in, 94–95 278 presentations at, 230–231 Weir (page), 126 sanitary improvements for, 94 Wellington, Duke of, 26, 87, 278 servants and, 119, 121–125 Westminster, Dean of, 163 state banquets at, 87, 128–132 Westminster Abbey, 19, 26 Victoria’s dressing room in, 93 Westminster Palace, 36 Victoria’s funeral and, 279, 282–285 Wheldon, Huw, 94–95 Victoria’s routine at, 99–115 Whitehall, 18, 242 See also St. George’s Chapel White’s (private club), 242 Windsor Castle in Modern Times (Land- widows, 77, 78, 79 seer), 94 Wilhelm I, Emperor of Germany, 50 Winterhalter, Franz Xavier, 92, 95, 182, Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany (grand- 183 son), 6, 33, 54, 166, 182 Winter Palace (St. Petersburg), 56 birth and childhood of, 50, 51–52 Wolseley, Viscount, 227–228, 262, 288 exclusion from Diamond Jubilee of, 20 Wolsey Chapel, 83–84 personal problems of, 51–52 Wolverton, Lady, 254 Victoria’s death and funeral and, 276, women of the bedchamber, 66, 76–78, 277, 280, 281, 282, 284 148, 267, 289 William IV, King of Great Britain and women’s rights, 7, 32 Ireland (formerly Prince and Duke of Women’s Union for Nurses, 53 Clarence), 62, 65, 129, 209 Worth, Charles Frederick, 245, 250, 251, death of, 5, 30, 39 252, 254 royal succession and, 5, 26–27, 29, 30–31 Wren, Sir Christopher, 18, 133, 136 Williams, Mrs. Hwfa, 281 Wyatt (Wyatville), Jeffrey, 82–91 William the Conqueror, 81–82 Wyatt, James, 96 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 337

INDEX 337

yeomen of the guard, 72, 130, 132, 227 Yourievskaya, Princess Catherine, 196 York, Archbishop of, 264 Yugoslavia, 6 York, Duchess of. See Fredericka; Mary Yznaga, Consuelo, 241 York, Duke of. See Frederick; George V Yorke, Alexander (Alick), 70, 104, 288 Zeepvat, Charlotte, 8–9 bindex.qxp 4/18/07 5:02 PM Page 338