DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) APPRAISAL STAGE Report No.: AB3305 Lake Titikaka Local Sustainable Development Project Name Public Disclosure Authorized Region LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN Sector Other industry (25%), Sanitation (20%), Other social services (25%), Water supply (15%), Solid Waste Management (10%) Project ID P101426 Borrower(s) GOVERNMENT OF BOLIVIA Implementing Agency Vice Ministry of Tourism Environment Category [ ] A [X] B [ ] C [ ] FI [ ] TBD (to be determined) Date PID Prepared November 2, 2007 Date of Appraisal October 29, 2007 Authorization Date of Board Approval December 20, 2007 Public Disclosure Authorized 1. Country and Sector Background Bolivia’s options for economic development are largely defined by its geography, nowhere is this more apparent than Lake Titikaka1. The area’s striking geography has resulted in the world’s highest navigable Lake, with unique landforms, flora, and fauna. Lake Titikaka is an important ecosystem and a world- class attraction2. In 2005, tourism was the fourth most important component of Bolivia’s GDP, with a share of 4.6%, generated by national and international tourists3. The basin is one of the most important archeological resources in South America. Inca cosmology believes that the Lake is the origin of human life; various cultures have continuously lived near the Lake for over 8,000 years. The area provides evidence of one the longest constant relations between humans and nature in the Americas. Ancient traditions are still largely preserved and the rural population Public Disclosure Authorized surrounding the Lake is almost all indigenous Aymara. Despite the Lake’s unique natural history and preserved cultural integrity, pollution is starting to threaten the health of the Lake and the sustainability of the communities that depend on the Lake for their livelihoods. The communities surrounding the Lake are among the poorest in the region. Poverty levels have stubbornly remained at 1976 levels – therefore a long-term sustained improvement, based on relevant local economic development, broad based local support, and locally applicable interventions is most likely to succeed. The total population of the 17 municipalities that make up the Lake Titikaka Mancomunidad is approximately 324,400, of which 93% have unmet basic needs. Almost all of the 1 Lake Titikaka is part of the hydrologic basin that includes the Desaguadero River, Lake Poopó, and Salar de Coipasa (often referred to as TDPS), located on the Bolivian-Peruvian high plateau (altiplano). This project area is Public Disclosure Authorized limited to the 17 Bolivian municipalities that make up the Mancomunidad part of the ‘altiplano’. 2 Lake Titikaka is a UNESCO World Heritage site, parts of the Lake are designated national reserves under IUCN Category VI, and the entire Lake is a designated Ramsar site of vulnerable ecosystems and ancient cultures. The entire TDPS basin contains six Ramsar sites of global importance. Lake Titikaka has over 25 endemic species. 3 Almost half of the international tourists come from Latin-America (49%), followed by European countries (32%) and American (11%). In the first semester of 2006, tourism increased by 21% compared to the same period in 2005 altiplano’s rural population lives in poverty. Morbidity and infant mortality rates are among the worst in the Americas4. Although there are various opinions on what pollutants and land-use changes most threaten Lake Titikaka, many of these opinions have little technical support, and some are politically driven. Despite numerous studies on the Lake there is no accepted or consistent baseline data, nor community consensus on priorities for local economic development or ecosystem protection. International donor assistance in the Lake-area is often fragmented and complicated by joint Peru-Bolivia jurisdiction. Many issues need to be addressed to foster sustainable development of the Lake Titikaka region. For example: (i) Community Support. Historically communities around the Lake often feel excluded from national economic growth and the political decision making process, and there is increasing impatience with the levels of inequality5. This discontent can be exacerbated when, according to the Government’s National Tourism Plan, community-based tourism, with a 71% market share receives only 5% of the overall tourism revenues. Private operators obtain about 80% of tourist revenues. Much of the community’s discontent stems from a mistrust and misunderstanding of the private sector’s needs and abilities. (ii) Stakeholder Participation. The Government’s newly development Tourism plan is predicated on broad stakeholder participation. Any new tourism effort needs to garner greater public support and this support needs to be developed in a manner that reflects the unique local cultures and organizations. (iii) Weak institutional and planning capacity. In 1994 the central government delegated to the municipalities the responsibility of managing their own finances and providing specified public services (Ley de Participación Popular6). This was not matched with a commensurate increase in overall municipal finances or staff capacities. Long term strategic planning is particularly absent and un-checked and inappropriate growth is threatening the Lake and local communities. (iv) Lack of infrastructure. There is a considerable backlog in infrastructure and basic services such as water supply, sewage, and solid waste management are sporadic and unsustainable. Management of EPSAs (local utilities) is hampered by staff capacities and poor cost recovery. (v) Very low travel and tourism competitiveness. Along with basic services, tourism infrastructure such as signage, and visitor interpretation facilities and restrooms in main tourist sites around Lake Titikaka (Copacabana, Isla del Sol and Luna, and the ruins of Tiwanaku), is lacking. The lack of facilities constrains tourism development, as seen through: (a) higher transaction costs for tourist operators; (b) disincentives for tourists to stay 4 La Paz Prefecture has an infant mortality rate of 115/1000 compared to Haiti’s 94/1000. Morbidity rates are: 49% due to environment related infections; 25% are water borne ailments; 24% due to influenza and common cold. 5 Bolivia is among the most unequal countries in the most unequal region of the word. This, combined with a low per capita GDP, contributes to the high poverty levels of the country. 6 Popular Participation Law or Ley de Participación Popular (1994) initiated a process of decentralization designed to transfer resources and responsibilities to local governments and strengthen the capacity and participation of municipalities and civil society organizations. The Central government allocates 20% of the national taxes to the municipalities. longer at their final destination as evidenced by the amount of time spent by tourists at the Lake Titikaka region compared to other regions in the country7; and, (c) lack of competitiveness compared to other international tourist destinations. According to the World Economic Forum8 Bolivia is ranked very low in global tourism competitiveness (see Table1), when compared to international destinations for the largely international market. Table 1. Travel and tourism competitiveness (vi) Lack of economies of scale. Despite the fact that 80,000 to 100,000 tourists annually visit the Bolivian side of Lake Titikaka, the size of the economy of this part of the Lake is small and spread over a very large geographic area. Communities are relatively small and are dispersed throughout the region and the migration of people to La Paz is considerable. There are few economic activities to provide incentives for retaining or increasing populations. (vii) Environmental sensitivity. Lake Titikaka is a unique lake in that it is almost a closed system with about 95% of its total influent water evaporating due to strong solar radiation and local breezes. About 80% of the Lake’s water originates in Peru, rivers and streams provide about 45% of the water input to the Lake, the rest is local precipitation. Residence time for the whole Lake is about 70 years. Average water depth is 100 meters with the deepest at 281 meters. The Lake is divided into two lacustrine basins; the “minor lake” (or Huinaimarca) and the “major lake” (or Chucuito) are connected at the Tiquina Straight which is 850 meters wide and about 20 meters deep. Lake levels fluctuate annually by about 1 meter and over the last 100 years have fluctuated from a low of 3806 meters asl in 1943 to a high of 3812 meters asl in 1982. As outlined in the Sate of the Lake report (Annex 14) the Lake’s watershed drains an area of 140,000 km2. The watershed is believed to be undergoing a long term drying trend, most likely from hemispheric climate changes. 7 Lake Titikaka is one of the most visited regions in the country but the amount of time spent by tourists is less then more distant destinations like the Amazonic Triangle and the Cochabamba Tropic 8 World Economic Forum, Travel and Competitiveness report 2007. The travel and tourism index measures the factors that make it attractive to develop the travel and tourism industry of individual countries and covers 124 countries. Bolivia ranks 109th. Glaciers that feed the lake are melting rapidly – the potential overall impact of climate change on the Lake is not yet well understood. (viii) Threats to the Lake include: climate variability and possible change; inadequate water resources regulations; pollution such as organic loading
Load more

Recommended publications
  • University of California San Diego
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Infrastructure, state formation, and social change in Bolivia at the start of the twentieth century. A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Nancy Elizabeth Egan Committee in charge: Professor Christine Hunefeldt, Chair Professor Michael Monteon, Co-Chair Professor Everard Meade Professor Nancy Postero Professor Eric Van Young 2019 Copyright Nancy Elizabeth Egan, 2019 All rights reserved. SIGNATURE PAGE The Dissertation of Nancy Elizabeth Egan is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Co-Chair ___________________________________________________________ Chair University of California San Diego 2019 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE ............................................................................................................ iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... ix LIST
    [Show full text]
  • Crease La Sexta Seccion De La Provincia Ingavi Del Departamento De La Paz Con Su Capital Jesus De Machaka
    CREASE LA SEXTA SECCION DE LA PROVINCIA INGAVI DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE LA PAZ CON SU CAPITAL JESUS DE MACHAKA. LEY N 2351 LEY DE 7 DE MAYO DE 2002 JORGE QUIROGA RAMIREZ PRESIDENTE CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA REPUBLICA Por cuanto, el Honorable Congreso Nacional, ha sancionado la siguiente ley: EL HONORABLE CONGRESO NACIONAL, DECRETA: ARTICULO 1°.- Créase la Sexta Sección de la Provincia Ingavi del Departamento de La Paz con su Capital Jesús de Machaka, conformada por los Cantones: 1. Jesús de Machaka, 2. Asunción de Machaka, 3. Aguallamaya (Awallamaya) 4. Calla (Qalla Tupa Katari), 5. Mejillones, 6. Qhunqhu, 7. Santo Domingo de Machaka, 8. Cuipa España (Kuypa de Machaka), 9. Santa Ana de Machaka, 10. Chama (Ch' ama). ARTICULO 2°.- Las colindancias de la Sexta Sección de Provincia son: al Norte, con la Segunda y Tercera Sección de la Provincia Ingavi; al Noreste con la Provincia Los Andes; al Este con la Primera Sección de la Provincia Ingavi y de la Provincia Pacajes; al Sur con la Provincia Pacajes y los cantones Nazacara (Nasa q'ara) Y San Andrés de Machaka de la Quinta Sección de la Provincia Ingavi; al Oeste con el Cantón Conchacollo (kuncha qullu) de la Quinta Sección de Provincia de la Provincia Ingavi y la Cuarta Sección de la Provincia Ingavi. ARTICULO 3°.- Los límites definidos con la identificación de puntos y coordenadas UTM, son los siguientes: ARTICULO 4°.- Apruébase los Anexos 1, referido al Mapa escala 1:250 000 y Anexo 2, referido a la descripción de límites, mismos que forman parte de la presente Ley.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Potato Species Threatened by Extinction in the Department of La Paz, Bolivia M
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Scientific Journals of INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria) Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2007 5(4), 487-496 Available online at www.inia.es/sjar ISSN: 1695-971-X Wild potato species threatened by extinction in the Department of La Paz, Bolivia M. Coca-Morante1* and W. Castillo-Plata2 1 Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias, Forestales y Veterinarias. Dr. «Martín Cárdenas» (FCA, P, F y V). Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS). Casilla 1044. Cochabamba. Bolivia 2 Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (MEDA). Cochabamba. Bolivia Abstract The Department of La Paz has the largest number of wild potato species (Solanum Section Petota Solanaceae) in Bolivia, some of which are rare and threatened by extinction. Solanum achacachense, S. candolleanum, S. circaeifolium, S. okadae, S. soestii and S. virgultorum were all searched for in their type localities and new areas. Isolated specimens of S. achacachense were found in its type localities, while S. candolleanum was found in low density populations. Solanum circaeifolium was also found as isolated specimens or in low density populations in its type localities, but also in new areas. Solanum soestii and S. okadae were found in small, isolated populations. No specimen of S. virgultorum was found at all. The majority of the wild species searched for suffered the attack of pathogenic fungi. Interviews with local farmers revealed the main factors negatively affecting these species to be loss of habitat through urbanization and the use of the land for agriculture and forestry.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: 59305-BO PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED CREDIT Public Disclosure Authorized IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR 69.65 MILLLION (US$ 109.5 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO THE PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA FOR THE NATIONAL ROADS AND AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized April 06, 2011 Sustainable Development Department Country Management Unit for Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela Latin America and the Caribbean Region Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective March 4, 2011) Currency Unit = Bolivian Bolivianos BOB7.01 = US$1 US$1.58 = SDR1 FISCAL YEAR January 1 – December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AASANA Administración de Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares a la Navegación Aérea Airport and Aviation Services Administration ABC Administradora Boliviana de Carreteras National Road Agency ABT Autoridad de Bosques y Tierra Authority on Forest and Land ADT Average Daily Traffic CIPTA Consejo Indígena del Pueblo Tacana Counsel for the Indigeneous Tacana People DA Designated Account EA Environmental Assessment EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EMP Environmental Management Plan FM Financial Management GAC Governance and Anti-corruption GDP Gross Domestic Product GOB Government of Bolivia HDM-4 Highway
    [Show full text]
  • I.V. V. Bolivia
    I.V. v. Bolivia ABSTRACT1 This case is about the sterilization, by tubal ligation, of a woman without her prior consent. The Court found violations of both the American Convention and the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence Against Women (“Convention of Belém do Para”). It did not discuss, however, the violation of the Right to Health (Art. 26 of the Convention) implicated in the case. I. FACTS A. Chronology of Events 1982: I.V., a Peruvian citizen, gives birth to her first daughter.2 Late 1980’s–Early 1990s: I.V. is the victim of physical, sexual and psychological harassment perpetrated by the National Directorate Against Terrorism of Peru (DINCOTE).3 1989: I.V. meets J.E., and they begin a romantic relationship.4 1991: Their daughter N.V. is born.5 1993: J.E. migrates to La Paz, Bolivia, from Peru where he is granted refugee status.6 1. Sebastian Richards, Staffer; Edgar Navarette, Editor; Erin Gonzalez, Chief IACHR Editor; Cesare Romano, Faculty Advisor. 2. I.V. v. Bolivia, Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs, Judgment, Inter- Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. C) No. 336, ¶ 61 (Nov. 30, 2016). (Available only in Spanish). 3. Id. 4. Id. 5. Id. 6. Id. 1351 1352 Loy. L.A. Int‟l & Comp. L. Rev. Vol. 41:4 1994: N.V. and I.V. join him in La Paz in 1994 and receive refugee status two months later.7 While in La Paz, I.V. obtains a hotel administration degree.8 February 2000: I.V., now age 35, is pregnant with her third daughter.9 She applies for Bolivia’s universal maternal and child health insurance, and basic health insurance and begins to receive pre-natal health care from the La Paz Women’s Hospital.10 July 1, 2000: I.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Management of Wild Vicuña in Bolivia As a Relevant Case to Explore Community- Based Conservation Under Common Property Regimes, As Explained in Chapter 1
    Community-based Conservation and Vicuña Management in the Bolivian Highlands by Nadine Renaudeau d’Arc Thesis submitted to the University of East Anglia for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2005 © This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that no quotation from the thesis, nor any information derived therefrom, may be published without the author’s prior, written consent. Abstract Abstract Current theory suggests that common property regimes, predicated on the community concept, are effective institutions for wildlife management. This thesis uses community-based conservation of vicuña in the Bolivian highlands as a case study to re-examine this theory. Vicuña is a wild South American camelid living in the high Andes. Its fibre is highly valued in international markets, and trade of vicuña fibre is controlled and regulated by an international policy framework. Different vicuña management systems have been developed to obtain fibre from live- shorn designated vicuña populations. This thesis analyses whether the Bolivian case study meets three key criteria for effective common property resource management: appropriate partnerships across scale exist; supportive local-level collective action institutions can be identified; and deriving meaningful benefits from conservation is possible. This thesis adopts a qualitative approach for the collection and analysis of empirical data. Data was collected from 2001 to 2003 at different levels of governance in Bolivia, using a combination of ethnographic techniques, and methods of triangulation. Community-level research was undertaken in Mauri-Desaguadero and Lipez-Chichas fieldwork sites.
    [Show full text]
  • 1225.Pdf (10.78Mb)
    UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRÉS FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN CARRERA CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN LICENCIATURA EN CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO HUMANO Fortalecimiento de usos y prácticas en el cuidado del agua en la zona Masaya de la población de Achacachi Proyecto de grado presentado para la obtención del Grado de Licenciatura POSTULANTE: Dayson Cayaya Aruquipa TUTOR: Mc.S. Willy Mendoza Villanueva ACHACACHI – BOLIVIA Julio - 2019 DEDICATORIA A mi padre que está en la presencia de Dios, a mi Madre y a todas las personas que me apoyaron y me brindaron todo su apoyo para concluir satisfactoriamente mi formación profesional. AGRADECIMIENTO Agradezco a la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés por acogerme para mi formación profesional. A los docentes, quienes encaminaron nuestro rumbo en bien de nuestra superación. ÍNDICE GENERAL DEDICATORIA AGRADECIMIENTO FICHA TECNICA RESUMEN EJECUTIVO INTRODUCCION CAPÍTULO I MARCO CONTEXTUAL 1.1.CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL MUNICIPIO ....................................................................... 1 1.1.1. Antecedentes históricos del Municipio ............................................................ 1 1.1.2. Ubicación Geográfica ........................................................................................ 3 1.1.3. Límites ................................................................................................................ 3 1.1.4. Superficie ........................................................................................................... 3 1.1.5.
    [Show full text]
  • Bolivian Katarism: the Emergence of an Indian Challenge to the Social Order
    BOLIVIAN KATARISM: THE EMERGENCE OF AN INDIAN CHALLENGE TO THE SOCIAL ORDER By Cécile Casen “Como indios nos explotaron, como indios nos liberaremos.”1 The name of Túpac Katari is mentioned in all of Evo Morales’ major speeches. Often presented as Bolivia’s “first indigenous president”, Morales likes to think he embodies the prophesy of this Aymara chief, who was drawn and quartered at the end of the 18th- century: “I will return and there will be millions of us.” Túpac Katari is known for having laid siege to La Paz during the Great Rebellion of 1780.2 His name is also associated with more recent political history, in particular the eponymous movement that, in the 1970s, made him a symbol of Indian resistance to Creole elite oppression and the 1 “Exploited as Indians, it is as Indians that we will free ourselves.” All Spanish-language citations in the present article are our translation. 2 The siege lasted from March to October 1781. The Great Rebellion concerned the entire region of Upper Peru between 1780 and 1783. In this revolt against excessive taxes and the abuses of the corregidores – representatives of Spanish royal power – Túpac Amaru and Túpac Katari were leaders of the regions of Cuzco and La Paz, respectively. Scarlett O’Phelan Godoy, Un siglo de rebeliones anticoloniales: Perú y Bolivia 1700-1783, Cuzco, Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos Bartolomé de Las Casas, 1988; Jean Piel, “¿Cómo interpretar la rebelión pan-andina de 1780-1783?”, in Jean Meyer (ed.), Tres levantamientos populares: Pugachov, Túpac Amaru, Hidalgo, Mexico, Centro de Estudios mexicanos y centroamericanos (CEMCA/CNCAM), 1992, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Influencia Del Lago En La Agricultura Litoral
    517 VII.1 e Influencia del lago en la agricultura litoral lEAN 1. VACHER, EMMANUEL BRASIER DE THUY, MAXIMO LIBERMAN Todo vIajero que llega a las orillas del lago Titicaca puede observar fácilmente una modificación importante de la agricultura. A medida que uno se aproxima al lago, la densidad de la población aumenta considerablemente (a menudo superior a 100 habitantes por km 2 contra 30 algunos kilómetros antes). Los cultivos tienen un fuerte crecimiento y una precocidad de 2 a 3 meses con relación al resto del Altiplano; además, los rebaños de bovinos pacen generalmente en las aguas poco profundas del lago o reciben en las orillas su forraje de plantas acuáticas. Esta influencia tan visible del lago Titicaca en la agricultura condujo los. autores de la primera ley de imposición agraria en Bolivia a dividir todo el Altiplano en una zona bajo influencia lacustre y otra zona fuera de la influencia lacustre. Es fácil comprobar la existencia de dos agriculturas diferentes, pero sus causas y la zonación han sido poco estudiadas. Por consiguiente, trataremos en este capítulo de identificar los principales factores de modificación de la agricultura, ligados a la presencia del lago, de evaluar su intensidad, sus zonas de acción y cuáles son sus consecuencias mayores en la agricultura. La zona de estudio que hemos considerado corresponde a la orilla boliviana del Huiñaimarca. Los resultados que presentamos no son ni exhaustivos, ni totalmente generalizados, pero permitirán, lo esperamos, comprender mejor la agricultura del borde del lago Titicaca. Influencia del lago Titicaca en algunos factores agroecológicos importantes Hemos considerado principalmente la influencia del lago sobre el clima y el suelo, factores determinantes de la agricultura, así como sobre la producción de macrofitas forrajeras.
    [Show full text]
  • (Sistema TDPS) Bolivia-Perú
    Indice Diagnostico Ambiental del Sistema Titicaca-Desaguadero-Poopo-Salar de Coipasa (Sistema TDPS) Bolivia-Perú Indice Executive Summary in English UNEP - División de Aguas Continentales Programa de al Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente GOBIERNO DE BOLIVIA GOBIERNO DEL PERU Comité Ad-Hoc de Transición de la Autoridad Autónoma Binacional del Sistema TDPS Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente Departamento de Desarrollo Regional y Medio Ambiente Secretaría General de la Organización de los Estados Americanos Washington, D.C., 1996 Paisaje del Lago Titicaca Fotografía de Newton V. Cordeiro Indice Prefacio Resumen ejecutivo http://www.oas.org/usde/publications/Unit/oea31s/begin.htm (1 of 4) [4/28/2000 11:13:38 AM] Indice Antecedentes y alcance Area del proyecto Aspectos climáticos e hidrológicos Uso del agua Contaminación del agua Desarrollo pesquero Relieve y erosión Suelos Desarrollo agrícola y pecuario Ecosistemas Desarrollo turístico Desarrollo minero e industrial Medio socioeconómico Marco jurídico y gestión institucional Propuesta de gestión ambiental Preparación del diagnóstico ambiental Executive summary Background and scope Project area Climate and hydrological features Water use Water pollution Fishery development Relief and erosion Soils Agricultural development Ecosystems Tourism development Mining and industrial development Socioeconomic environment Legal framework and institutional management Proposed approach to environmental management Preparation of the environmental assessment Introducción Antecedentes Objetivos Metodología Características generales del sistema TDPS http://www.oas.org/usde/publications/Unit/oea31s/begin.htm (2 of 4) [4/28/2000 11:13:38 AM] Indice Capítulo I. Descripción del medio natural 1. Clima 2. Geología y geomorfología 3. Capacidad de uso de los suelos 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Plan De Desarrollo Municpal 2008-2012
    PLAN DE DESARROLLO MUNICIPAL MUNICIPIO CALACOTO 2008 - 2012 i PLAN DE DESARROLLO MUNICPAL Calacoto 2008-2012 PLAN DE DESARROLLO MUNICIPAL MUNICIPIO CALACOTO 2008 - 2012 ii INDICE DE CONTENIDO A. ASPECTOS ESPACIALES ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 A.1 UBICACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA .............................................................................................................................................. 1 A.1.1 LAT ITUD Y LONGITUD ......................................................................................................................................... 1 A.1.2 LÍMITES TERRITORIALES ...................................................................................................................................... 1 A.1.3 EXTENSIÓN ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 A.2 DIVISIÓN POLÍTICA-ADMINISTRATIVA ....................................................................................................................... 2 A.2.1 DISTRITOS Y CANTONES. ...................................................................................................................................... 2 A.2.2 COMUNIDADES Y CENTROS POBLADOS. .......................................................................................................... 3 A.3 MANEJO ESPACIAL ..........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Achacachi Hoja 5845 I Bolivia 1:50.000
    ACHACACHI HOJA 5845 I BOLIVIA 1:50.000 CHILIPINA 5 KM. WARISATA 3 KM. RINCONADA 9 KM. 68 45' 5 40' 5 35' 5 68 30' 16 00' TERRAPLEN Estancia 16 00' Chijipina HUERHUACA Bofedal LAGO TITICACA PANPAJA 82 30 82 HUARCO Granja Belen Ecia.Tamaya PAMPA ISLA Bofedal BM 3816 Capilla Santiago Canton Tacamara Escuela 29 Nueva de Tamaya Estancia Ocurani Capilla Exaltacion PAMPA Bofedal JOKHO CHUNCHO LOMA NIEVE PATA PAMPA JURNO CHINA 28 Escuela Ocurani Cm d. Chahuira Escuela Capilla San Diego PUCURU Tamaya Grande LACA PAMPA 4389 Bofedal Laguna BM 3821 PAMPA CHARAJACHI Copazani 27 Achacachi Cementerio Escuelas Avichaca Lguna Pata Cm d. Chahuira Chico Agua PAMPA QUENA QUENANI Estancia Casa Amaya Escuela Churubamba Cplla de la Cruz Cplla Concepcion Capilla Concepcion Cementerio Cementerio Co. Avichaca Cementerio 4027 Cem 26 PAMPA KHOANI PAMPA KKOTA da. K 3948 Cm d. Chahuira Grande Escuela Calachaca 4329 Bofedal Cerro Minasi 25 CACHILIPI PAMPA KOLLPANI Estancia Charahui Bofedal BM 3836 Bofedal PAMPA LAGUNA KELLHUANI PAMPA LARAM PUYA Cementerio Bofedal Comunidad KHALA CHACA Cplla Candelaria Japuraya LAGUNA Muro 24 Estancia Corpa Putu Estancia Masaya TOTOR KKOTA Escuela Kala Kala Cplla Asuncion Esc Evangelica Corpa Putu Bofedal Cementerio Cerro Surimarca 3988 4055 HUANA JAHUIRA 23 3904 Esc. Punkun Huyu Cerro Tunusa PAMPA SAYHUANI Cerro Pucara 4007 Estancia Tunusa Bofedal 4055 Capilla Pentecostes (Nva) Estancia Akjerana Bajo PAMPA UMAJAHUIRA 3971 Cerro Huaychu Pata 3970 Cem Bofedal Estancia Wanacu Capilla Pentecostes Capilla de la Cruz Loma Pakkollu PAMPA QUELA HUARAKHA 22 05' 05' Cerro Kelani Muro PAMPA SORA PHUURU 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38Capilla de la Cruz 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Bofedal47 48 49 50 Estancia Chachacomani51 52 53 Cancha de Futbol Bofedal Bofedal Estancia Pajchani Moino Estancia Punkun Huyo Ecia Pajchani Capilla de la Cruz 21 Capilla San Juan Cerro Kharka Hujchinca Estancia Akjerana Alto BM 3876 Bofedal Capilla La Cruz KIRUSAMANA Estancia Kasina Bofedal Capilla Asuncion TAYPI LOMA Co Kehuencalla Esc.
    [Show full text]