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Observing and Understanding the Southeast Asian Aerosol System By University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Natural Resources Natural Resources, School of 2013 Observing and understanding the Southeast Asian aerosol system by remote sensing: An initial review and analysis for the Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) program Jeffrey Reid Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, [email protected] Edward Hyer Naval Research Laboratory, [email protected] Randall Johnson University of North Dakota B. N. Holben NASA Doddard Space Flight Center Robert Yokelson University of Montana - Missoula See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers Reid, Jeffrey; Hyer, Edward; Johnson, Randall; Holben, B. N.; Yokelson, Robert; Zhang, Jianglong; Campbell, James; Christopher, Sundar; DiGirolamo, Larry; Giglio, Louis; Holz, Robert; Kearney, Courtney; Miettinen, Jukka; Reid, Elizabeth; Turk, F. Joseph; Wang, Jun; Xian, Peng; Zhao, Guangyu; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar; Chew, Boon Ning; Janjai, Serm; Lagrosas, Nofel; Lestari, Puji; Lin, Neng-Huei; Mahmud, Mastura; Nguyen, Anh X.; Norris, Bethany; Oanth, Nguyen T.K.; Oo, Min; Salinas, Santo V.; Welton, E. Judd; and Liew, Soo Chin, "Observing and understanding the Southeast Asian aerosol system by remote sensing: An initial review and analysis for the Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) program" (2013). Papers in Natural Resources. 443. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers/443 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Natural Resources, School of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Natural Resources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Jeffrey Reid, Edward Hyer, Randall Johnson, B. N. Holben, Robert Yokelson, Jianglong Zhang, James Campbell, Sundar Christopher, Larry DiGirolamo, Louis Giglio, Robert Holz, Courtney Kearney, Jukka Miettinen, Elizabeth Reid, F. Joseph Turk, Jun Wang, Peng Xian, Guangyu Zhao, Rajasekhar Balasubramanian, Boon Ning Chew, Serm Janjai, Nofel Lagrosas, Puji Lestari, Neng-Huei Lin, Mastura Mahmud, Anh X. Nguyen, Bethany Norris, Nguyen T.K. Oanth, Min Oo, Santo V. Salinas, E. Judd Welton, and Soo Chin Liew This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers/443 Atmospheric Research 122 (2013) 403–468 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Atmospheric Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/atmos Observing and understanding the Southeast Asian aerosol system by remote sensing: An initial review and analysis for the Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) program Jeffrey S. Reid a,⁎, Edward J. Hyer a, Randall S. Johnson b, Brent N. Holben c, Robert J. Yokelson d, Jianglong Zhang b, James R. Campbell a, Sundar A. Christopher e, Larry Di Girolamo f, Louis Giglio g, Robert E. Holz h, Courtney Kearney i, Jukka Miettinen j, Elizabeth A. Reid a, F. Joseph Turk k, Jun Wang l, Peng Xian m, Guangyu Zhao f, Rajasekhar Balasubramanian n, Boon Ning Chew j, Serm Janjai o, Nofel Lagrosas p,PujiLestariq, Neng-Huei Lin r, Mastura Mahmud s, Anh X. Nguyen t, Bethany Norris f,NguyenT.K.Oanhu,MinOoh, Santo V. Salinas j,E.JuddWeltonc, Soo Chin Liew j a Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, United States b Dept. of Atmospheric Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States c NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States d Dept. of Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States e Dept. of Atmospheric Science, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL, United States f Dept. of Atmospheric Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champlain, IL, United States g Dept. of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States h Space Sciences and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States i Ocean Sciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis, MS, United States j Center for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore k Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States l Dept. of Atmospheric Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States m ASEE Fellow, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, United States n Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore o Dept. of Physics, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand p Manila Observatory, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines q Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia r Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan s Earth Observation Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, BaBangi Selangor, Malaysia t Inst. of Geophysics, Vietnam, Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam u Dept. Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand article info abstract Article history: Southeast Asia (SEA) hosts one of the most complex aerosol systems in the world, with con- Received 15 August 2011 voluted meteorological scales, sharp geographic and socioeconomic features, high biological Received in revised form 5 June 2012 productivity, mixtures of a wide range of atmospheric pollutants, and likely a significant Accepted 6 June 2012 susceptibility to global climate change. This physical complexity of SEA is coupled with one of the world's most challenging environments for both in situ and remote sensing observation. The Keywords: 7-Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) program was formed to facilitate interdisciplinary research Southeast Asia into the integrated SEA aerosol environment via grass roots style collaboration. In support of the Maritime Continent early 7SEAS program and the affiliated Southeast Asia Composition, Cloud, Climate Coupling Meteorology Regional Study (SEAC4RS), this review was created to outline the network of connections linking Aerosol aerosol particles in SEA with meteorology, climate and the total earth system. In this review, we ⁎ Corresponding author at: Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943‐5502, United States. Tel.: +1 831 656 4725; fax: +1 831 656 4769. E-mail address: [email protected] (J.S. Reid). 0169-8095/$ – see front matter. Published by Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.005 404 J.S. Reid et al. / Atmospheric Research 122 (2013) 403–468 Remote Sensing focus on and repeatedly link back to our primary data source: satellite aerosol remote sensing and Biomass Burnig associated observability issues. We begin with a brief rationale for the program, outlining key Air Pollution aerosol impacts and, comparing their magnitudes to the relative uncertainty of observations. We then discuss aspects of SEA's physical, socio-economic and biological geography relevant to meteorology and observability issues associated with clouds and precipitation. We show that not only does SEA pose significant observability challenges for aerosol particles, but for clouds and precipitation as well. With the fundamentals of the environment outlined, we explore SEA's most studied aerosol issue: biomass burning. We summarize research on bulk aerosol properties for SEA, including a short synopsis of recent AERONET observations. We describe long range transport patterns. Finally, considerable attention is paid to satellite aerosol observability issues, with a face value comparison of common aerosol products in the region including passive and active aerosol products as well as fluxes. We show that satellite data products diverge greatly due to a host of known artifacts. These artifacts have important implications for how research is conducted, and care must be taken when using satellite products to study aerosol problems. The paper ends with a discussion of how the community can approach this complex and important environment. Published by Elsevier B.V. Contents 1. Introduction ...................................................... 405 1.1. The 7SEAS program and its relation to this paper ................................. 406 1.2. Data and information used in this paper ..................................... 406 2. Rationale: uncertainty in the SE Asian aerosol system .................................. 406 2.1. Interdisciplinary nature of aerosol impacts in SEA ................................. 407 2.2. Nature of remote sensing science ........................................ 407 2.3. Perceived variability in remote sensing data ................................... 408 3. Fundamentals of Southeast Asia geography ....................................... 412 3.1. Regional definitions of Southeast Asian geography ................................ 413 3.2. Physical geography ............................................... 413 3.3. Social geography ................................................ 413 3.4. Biological geography .............................................. 415 4. Southeast Asia meteorology and related satellite products ................................ 416 4.1. Key monsoonal features ............................................. 416 4.2. Meteorological scales .............................................. 418 4.3. Clouds in SEA .................................................. 419 4.4. Variability in satellite cloud properties in SEA ..................................
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