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EUROPEAN COMMISSION “R EGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE OF ASIA ” Contract n° 2006/120662 Commission Framework Contract EuropeAid/116548/C/SV Lot No 5 : Studies for Asia Final Report November 2006 This report is financed by the European Commission and is presented by the ATOS ORIGIN BELGIUM – AGRER Consortium for the European Commission. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Commission. A project implemented by This project is funded by ATOS ORIGIN BELGIUM and AGRER The European Union Revised Final Draft Regional Environmental Profile for Asia 2 / 135 Revised Final Draft Regional Environmental Profile for Asia REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE FOR ASIA TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE...................................................................................................................................................3 1. SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................................3 1.1 STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT .........................................................................................................3 1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY , LEGISLATION AND INSTITUTIONS ..........................................................3 1.3 EU AND OTHER DONOR CO -OPERATION WITH THE REGION .............................................................3 1.4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................3 2. STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................3 2.1 LANDSCAPES , ECOSYSTEMS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES .................................................................3 2.1.1 Geological risks .....................................................................................................................3 2.1.2 Mining impacts.......................................................................................................................3 2.1.3 Lands and soils.......................................................................................................................3 2.1.4 Water shortages and floods....................................................................................................3 2.1.5 Ecosystems and ecosystem services .......................................................................................3 2.1.6 Biodiversity and conservation................................................................................................3 2.2 LIVING CONDITIONS IN HUMAN SETTLEMENTS ................................................................................3 2.2.1 Water quality..........................................................................................................................3 2.2.2 Solid wastes............................................................................................................................3 2.2.3 Unexploded ordnance ............................................................................................................3 2.2.4 Air quality ..............................................................................................................................3 2.3 THE ASIAN ‘B ROWN CLOUD ’..........................................................................................................3 2.4 NUCLEAR WASTE ............................................................................................................................3 2.5 CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES ...............................................................................................................3 2.6 LIKELY CONSEQUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS ...................................................................3 3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK.....3 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND LEGISLATION ..................................................................................3 3.1.1 Environmental policies of major regional institutions...........................................................3 3.1.2 Multilateral environmental agreements .................................................................................3 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ................................................3 3.2.1 Institutional arrangements dealing with shared natural resources .......................................3 3.2.2 Regional co-operation on environmental issues ....................................................................3 3.2.3 Role of international NGOs....................................................................................................3 3.3 INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS INTO THE MAIN SECTORS .......................................3 4. EU AND OTHER DONOR CO-OPERATION WITH THE REGION.........................................3 4.1 LEGAL BASIS FOR EU CO-OPERATION ............................................................................................3 4.2 STRATEGIC POLICY ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................3 4.3 THE ASIA -EUROPE MEETING (ASEM) PROCESS .............................................................................3 4.4 THE ASIA PRO ECO PROGRAMME ...................................................................................................3 4.5 THE TROPICAL FORESTS PROGRAMME ...........................................................................................3 4.6 THE ENVIRONMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES PROGRAMME ......................................................3 4.7 THE EC-ASEAN ENERGY FACILITY (EAEF) .................................................................................3 4.8 PARTNERSHIP WITH SUB -REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS .........................................................................3 4.9 THE TRANS -EURASIA INFORMATION NETWORK (TEIN) ................................................................3 4.10 ECHO’ S DISASTER PREPAREDNESS PROGRAMME (DIPECHO) .......................................................3 4.11 EU ACTION PLAN ON FOREST LAW ENFORCEMENT , GOVERNANCE AND TRADE (FLEGT) ............3 3 / 135 Revised Final Draft Regional Environmental Profile for Asia 4.12 THE ASIA INVEST PROGRAMME ......................................................................................................3 4.12.1 Main objectives ....................................................................................................................3 4.12.2 Sustainable consumption and production ............................................................................3 4.13 THE 2007-2013 COOPERATION PROGRAMME IN ASIA .....................................................................3 4.14 NON -EU DONOR COOPERATION AT A REGIONAL LEVEL ..................................................................3 4.14.1 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)................................................................3 4.14.2 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) .............................................3 4.14.3 South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme (SACEP)..............................................3 4.14.4 International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) .............................3 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................3 5.1 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................3 5.1.1 Conclusions overview.............................................................................................................3 5.1.2 Encouraging knowledge flow.................................................................................................3 5.1.3 Encouraging locally-accountable ecosystem management....................................................3 5.1.4 Engaging with private corporations.......................................................................................3 5.1.5 Managing trans-frontier reserves and corridors ...................................................................3 5.1.6 Managing alien invasive species on islands...........................................................................3 5.1.7 Disaster preparedness and risk reduction..............................................................................3 5.1.8 International movement of hazardous wastes and pollutants ................................................3 5.1.9 International movement of forest and wildlife products.........................................................3 5.1.10 Environmental policy, legislation and institutions...............................................................3 5.1.11 Mainstreaming of environmental concerns..........................................................................3 5.1.12 Environmental indicators and research needs .....................................................................3 5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................................3 5.2.1 Introduction to the recommendations.....................................................................................3 5.2.2 Promote sustainable consumption and production ................................................................3 5.2.3 Promote disaster preparedness and risk reduction................................................................3
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