DOCSLIB.ORG

Xapuri Virus, a Novel Mammarenavirus: Natural Reassortment and Increased Diversity Between New World Viruses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Xapuri Virus, a Novel Mammarenavirus: Natural Reassortment and Increased Diversity Between New World Viruses Fernandes et al. Emerging Microbes & Infections (2018) 7:120 Emerging Microbes & Infections DOI 10.1038/s41426-018-0119-9 www.nature.com/emi ARTICLE Open Access Xapuri virus, a novel mammarenavirus: natural reassortment and increased diversity between New World viruses Jorlan Fernandes 1, Alexandro Guterres1, Renata Carvalho de Oliveira1, John Chamberlain2, Kuiama Lewandowski2, Bernardo Rodrigues Teixeira3,ThayssaAlvesCoelho1, Charle Ferreira Crisóstomo3,4,5, Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino3,6, PauloSérgioD’Andrea3,5, Roger Hewson2 and Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos1 Abstract Mammarenavirus RNA was detected in Musser’s bristly mouse (Neacomys musseri) from the Amazon region, and this detection indicated that rodents were infected with a novel mammarenavirus, with the proposed name Xapuri virus (XAPV), which is phylogenetically related to New World Clade B and Clade C viruses. XAPV may represent the first natural reassortment of the Arenaviridae family and a new unrecognized clade within the Tacaribe serocomplex group. Introduction choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) serocomplex, including Arenaviruses are bi-segmented ambisense RNA viruses viruses from Africa and, recently, Asia; and the New – hosted by rodents, bats, snakes, shrews, and ticks1 3. The World Tacaribe serocomplex, formed by viruses indi- 1,5–7 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; Arenaviridae family currently comprises 41 viral species, genous to the Americas . classified into three genera, Mammarenavirus (35 spe- Despite the increased number of Old World viruses cies), Reptarenavirus (five species), and Hartmanivirus characterized in recent years3, New World mammar- (one specie)4. Each of the two arenavirus RNA segments enaviruses remain the most genetically diverse viral group encodes genes for two non-overlapping reading frames in within the family, composed of 18 species divided into ambisense polarity: the large (L) genomic segment for the four lineages: Clade A, Clade A-recombinant (Clade D), viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp or L pro- Clade B, and Clade C, according to their phylogenetic tein) and a zinc-binding matrix protein (Z protein), relationships1,5,7. Clades A and B include five (Allpahuayo, whereas the small (S) genomic segment encodes for the Flexal, Paraná, Pichindé, and Pirital) and seven (Amaparí, nucleocapsid protein (NP) and glycoprotein precursor Cupixi, Guanarito, Junín, Machupo, Tacaribe, and Sabiá) (GPC), which are post-translationally processed into the South American arenaviruses, respectively, regardless of envelope proteins G1 and G2 and the stable signal peptide the gene used for phylogenetic analysis7,8. Only Oliveros (SSP)1,5. and Latino viruses were identified in Clade C, regardless Mammarenaviruses were also classified into two of the gene sequence used for analysis5. Discrepancies groups according to their genomic features and antigenic were observed for mammarenaviruses indigenous to properties: the Old World Lassa-Lymphocytic North America (Tamiami, Whitewater Arroyo, and Bear Canyon viruses) and for a proposed new species from French Guiana. An analysis based on complete sequences Correspondence: Jorlan Fernandes (jorlan@ioc.fiocruz.br) or Elba Lemos (elba.lemos@ioc.fiocruz.br) confirms that the S RNA genome of these arenaviruses 1Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsiosis, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, has a chimeric origin, likely a recombination event that – Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21040-360, Brazil occurred in an ancestral virus9,10. These viruses form a 2National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK separate lineage known as Clade A/Rec and are proposed Full list of author information is available at the end of the article. © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a linktotheCreativeCommons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Fernandes et al. Emerging Microbes & Infections (2018) 7:120 Page 2 of 10 to be named Clade D according to the latest updates in Table 1 Rodents captured in three localities from Acre arenaviruses taxonomy1. state, Brazil, 2015–2016, by species and locality The Amazon River Basin Region is a vast territory, Species Number of captured rodents encompassing nine South American countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Porto Acre Rio Branco Xapuri Total Suriname, and Venezuela. This region contains the world’s largest tropical rainforest, with a climate char- Euryoryzomys macconelli ——11 acterized by high temperatures and humidity and copious Hylaeamys perenensis ——22 rainfall, and the most varied ecosystem in the world. — Favorable conditions exist for the transmission of Hylaeamys yunganus 1 12 numerous infectious agents, particularly from increasing Mesomys hispidus 1 — 12 contact of the human population to wild interface areas Neacomys musseri ——44 and because of accelerating population growth, environ- Neacomys spinosus 83617 mental, and climate changes11. In fact, the Amazon Basin — is often regarded as a hot spot for viruses and other Oecomys bicolor 72 9 pathogens that find optimal conditions to emerge or Oecomys sp. ——11 12 reinforce their pathogenic potential . Oligoryzomys microtis 13— 4 To date, three mammarenavirus were detected in the Proechimys brevicauda 2 ——2 Brazilian Amazon during surveys conducted in the 1960s: — Amaparí virus (Neacomys guianae), Cupixi virus (Oryz- Proechimys gardneri 11 2 omys megacephalus), and Flexal virus from an uni- Proechimys simonsi — 2 — 2 5,7,13,14 dentified oryzomyini rodent . Here, we report the Rhipidomys leucodactylus 1 ——1 identification of a novel mammarenavirus in Neacomys 22 11 16 49 musseri (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) from the Amazon Basin Region; we propose that this mammarenavirus be designated as Xapuri virus (XAPV) after the locality where musseri virus and all other known mammarenavirus this new virus was detected. species, whereas a 38.5% aa sequence divergence was found for the entire NP (Table 2). Pairwise sequence Results comparison (PASC) was performed on both segments, A total of 49 rodents were analyzed: 22 from Porto Acre, and our sample was found to be most closely related to 16 from Xapuri, and 11 from Rio Branco localities; Latino (GenBank AF485259) and Oliveros (GenBank Neacomys spinosus (17) and Oecomys bicolor (9) were the NC_010248) viruses demonstrating 62.84–61.32% identity most abundant (Table 1). Amplification of the partial for the S segment, whereas the L segment showed GPC gene was observed for one Neacomys musseri (1/ 57.35–55.71% identity with Amaparí (GenBank 49–2.0%) male collected in 2015, in the Seringal AY924389) and Guanarito viruses (GenBank NC005082). Cachoeira locality, Xapuri municipality (Fig. 1). In the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian phylo- Complete genome sequencing of Neacomys musseri genetic analyses for the S and L segments, the Amazonian mammarenavirus included two segments: the L segment virus described in this study formed an independent clade (GenBank MG976577) of 7049 nucleotides (nt) and the S closely related to Clades C and B New World mammar- segment (GenBank MG976578) of 3405 nt. Each segment enaviruses, respectively (Figs. 3 and 4). Sequences from encoded two open reading frames (ORFs) in an ambisense NP, Z, and L proteins displayed the same topology as the organization with an intergenic region of 72 and 88 nt in L segment, taking a stem lineage position for New World length containing a predicted hairpin between the ORFs Clade B viruses (Fig. 5). GPC was the most divergent for the S and L segment, respectively. NP, GPC, Z, and L protein, forming a sister stem lineage clade with New protein lengths were 557 amino acids (aa), 512, 96, and World Clade C viruses (Fig. 5). Bootscan and RDP4 2199 aa, respectively (Fig. 2). Additional features com- recombination analysis of S and L segment sequences by monly observed in mammarenavirus genomes include the Simplot revealed no recombination peaks. Reconstructed conservation of the 3′−5′ termini and the presence of an phylogenetic trees, including the complete nt GPC gene L-domain motif within the Z protein. show no alternate clustering of the N. musseri virus and Deduced aa and nt sequences from the four proteins Clade C viruses. and complete S and L segments were compared to those of other representative mammarenaviruses. Nucleotide Discussion sequence divergences of >34.8 and >41.2% for the S and L The genus Neacomys Thomas, 1900 (Cricetidae, Sig- segments, respectively, were found between the Neacomys modontinae, Oryzomyini) comprises eight valid species Fernandes et al. Emerging Microbes & Infections (2018) 7:120 Page 3 of 10 Fig. 1 Municipalities of Acre state, Brazil, in which rodents were captured of spiny rats, distributed from Central and South Viruses (ICTV)1 also includes
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Amazon Alive: a Decade of Discoveries 1999-2009
    Amazon Alive! A decade of discovery 1999-2009 The Amazon is the planet’s largest rainforest and river basin. It supports countless thousands of species, as well as 30 million people. © Brent Stirton / Getty Images / WWF-UK © Brent Stirton / Getty Images The Amazon is the largest rainforest on Earth. It’s famed for its unrivalled biological diversity, with wildlife that includes jaguars, river dolphins, manatees, giant otters, capybaras, harpy eagles, anacondas and piranhas. The many unique habitats in this globally significant region conceal a wealth of hidden species, which scientists continue to discover at an incredible rate. Between 1999 and 2009, at least 1,200 new species of plants and vertebrates have been discovered in the Amazon biome (see page 6 for a map showing the extent of the region that this spans). The new species include 637 plants, 257 fish, 216 amphibians, 55 reptiles, 16 birds and 39 mammals. In addition, thousands of new invertebrate species have been uncovered. Owing to the sheer number of the latter, these are not covered in detail by this report. This report has tried to be comprehensive in its listing of new plants and vertebrates described from the Amazon biome in the last decade. But for the largest groups of life on Earth, such as invertebrates, such lists do not exist – so the number of new species presented here is no doubt an underestimate. Cover image: Ranitomeya benedicta, new poison frog species © Evan Twomey amazon alive! i a decade of discovery 1999-2009 1 Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary, Foreword Convention on Biological Diversity The vital importance of the Amazon rainforest is very basic work on the natural history of the well known.
    [Show full text]
  • Advances in Cytogenetics of Brazilian Rodents: Cytotaxonomy, Chromosome Evolution and New Karyotypic Data
    COMPARATIVE A peer-reviewed open-access journal CompCytogenAdvances 11(4): 833–892 in cytogenetics (2017) of Brazilian rodents: cytotaxonomy, chromosome evolution... 833 doi: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v11i4.19925 RESEARCH ARTICLE Cytogenetics http://compcytogen.pensoft.net International Journal of Plant & Animal Cytogenetics, Karyosystematics, and Molecular Systematics Advances in cytogenetics of Brazilian rodents: cytotaxonomy, chromosome evolution and new karyotypic data Camilla Bruno Di-Nizo1, Karina Rodrigues da Silva Banci1, Yukie Sato-Kuwabara2, Maria José de J. Silva1 1 Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2 Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Corresponding author: Maria José de J. Silva ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Barabanov | Received 1 August 2017 | Accepted 23 October 2017 | Published 21 December 2017 http://zoobank.org/203690A5-3F53-4C78-A64F-C2EB2A34A67C Citation: Di-Nizo CB, Banci KRS, Sato-Kuwabara Y, Silva MJJ (2017) Advances in cytogenetics of Brazilian rodents: cytotaxonomy, chromosome evolution and new karyotypic data. Comparative Cytogenetics 11(4): 833–892. https://doi. org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v11i4.19925 Abstract Rodents constitute one of the most diversified mammalian orders. Due to the morphological similarity in many of the groups, their taxonomy is controversial. Karyotype information proved to be an important tool for distinguishing some species because some of them are species-specific. Additionally, rodents can be an excellent model for chromosome evolution studies since many rearrangements have been described in this group.This work brings a review of cytogenetic data of Brazilian rodents, with information about diploid and fundamental numbers, polymorphisms, and geographical distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos Modelamiento Distributivo
    Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Universidad del Perú. Decana de América Dirección General de Estudios de Posgrado Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Unidad de Posgrado Modelamiento distributivo de micromamíferos terrestres no voladores en la Amazonía peruana TESIS Para optar el Grado Académico de Magíster en Zoología con mención en Ecología y Conservación AUTOR Christian Ricardo LOAIZA SALAZAR ASESOR Víctor Raúl PACHECO TORRES Lima, Perú 2018 Este trabajo se realizó en gran medida gracias al financiamiento del proyecto FONDECYT (PIAP - 2 - P - 420 - 14). La colecta de especímenes se realizó gracias al permiso de colección fuera de áreas protegidas, otorgado por la Dirección General de Flora y Fauna Silvestre del Ministerio de Agricultura y Riego, Resolución Directoral No. 0140 - 2015 - SERFOR - DGGSPFFS. Un agradecimiento especial a Pamela Sánchez, Esteban Fong, Judith Carrasco, Alexander Pari, Brian Tinoco y Werner Pinedo por su colaboración y apoyo con el trabajo de campo. Se agradece también al Departamento de Mastozoología del Museo de Historia Natural (MUSM) de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos por su apoyo con el equipo de campo y por facilitar la base de datos de la colección de mamíferos. ii AGRADECIMIENTOS Deseo expresar en primer lugar mi profundo agradecimiento al Dr. Víctor Pacheco Torres por la confianza y el apoyo brindado al haberme aceptado como uno de sus estudiantes de maestría y por los conocimientos impartidos sobre sistemática y biogeografía de mamíferos neotropicales, sin duda su amistad y confianza en estos últimos años ha sido la mejor recompensa al culminar con este trabajo. Un agradecimiento especial a Santiago Burneo, Carlos Iñiguez y Enrique Martínez Meyer por haberme impartido los conocimientos básicos y elementales sobre modelamiento de la distribución de especies y Sistemas de Información Geográfica, sus valiosos consejos me incentivaron en gran manera a profundizar mi interés en el mundo del modelamiento.
    [Show full text]
  • The Neotropical Region Sensu the Areas of Endemism of Terrestrial Mammals
    Australian Systematic Botany, 2017, 30, 470–484 ©CSIRO 2017 doi:10.1071/SB16053_AC Supplementary material The Neotropical region sensu the areas of endemism of terrestrial mammals Elkin Alexi Noguera-UrbanoA,B,C,D and Tania EscalanteB APosgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio A primer piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico. BGrupo de Investigación en Biogeografía de la Conservación, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico. CGrupo de Investigación de Ecología Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Nariño, Ciudadela Universitaria Torobajo, 1175-1176 Nariño, Colombia. DCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Page 1 of 18 Australian Systematic Botany, 2017, 30, 470–484 ©CSIRO 2017 doi:10.1071/SB16053_AC Table S1. List of taxa processed Number Taxon Number Taxon 1 Abrawayaomys ruschii 55 Akodon montensis 2 Abrocoma 56 Akodon mystax 3 Abrocoma bennettii 57 Akodon neocenus 4 Abrocoma boliviensis 58 Akodon oenos 5 Abrocoma budini 59 Akodon orophilus 6 Abrocoma cinerea 60 Akodon paranaensis 7 Abrocoma famatina 61 Akodon pervalens 8 Abrocoma shistacea 62 Akodon philipmyersi 9 Abrocoma uspallata 63 Akodon reigi 10 Abrocoma vaccarum 64 Akodon sanctipaulensis 11 Abrocomidae 65 Akodon serrensis 12 Abrothrix 66 Akodon siberiae 13 Abrothrix andinus 67 Akodon simulator 14 Abrothrix hershkovitzi 68 Akodon spegazzinii 15 Abrothrix illuteus
    [Show full text]
  • Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) – 2009-2012 Version Available for Download From
    Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) – 2009-2012 version Available for download from http://www.ramsar.org/ris/key_ris_index.htm. Categories approved by Recommendation 4.7 (1990), as amended by Resolution VIII.13 of the 8th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2002) and Resolutions IX.1 Annex B, IX.6, IX.21 and IX. 22 of the 9th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2005). Notes for compilers: 1. The RIS should be completed in accordance with the attached Explanatory Notes and Guidelines for completing the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands. Compilers are strongly advised to read this guidance before filling in the RIS. 2. Further information and guidance in support of Ramsar site designations are provided in the Strategic Framework and guidelines for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Wise Use Handbook 14, 3rd edition). A 4th edition of the Handbook is in preparation and will be available in 2009. 3. Once completed, the RIS (and accompanying map(s)) should be submitted to the Ramsar Secretariat. Compilers should provide an electronic (MS Word) copy of the RIS and, where possible, digital copies of all maps. 1. Name and address of the compiler of this form: FOR OFFICE USE ONLY. DD MM YY Beatriz de Aquino Ribeiro - Bióloga - Analista Ambiental / [email protected], (95) Designation date Site Reference Number 99136-0940. Antonio Lisboa - Geógrafo - MSc. Biogeografia - Analista Ambiental / [email protected], (95) 99137-1192. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade - ICMBio Rua Alfredo Cruz, 283, Centro, Boa Vista -RR. CEP: 69.301-140 2.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Lujo Viral Hemorrhagic Fever: Considering Diagnostic Capacity And
    1 Lujo Viral Hemorrhagic Fever: Considering Diagnostic Capacity and 2 Preparedness in the Wake of Recent Ebola and Zika Virus Outbreaks 3 4 Dr Edgar Simulundu1,, Prof Aaron S Mweene1, Dr Katendi Changula1, Dr Mwaka 5 Monze2, Dr Elizabeth Chizema3, Dr Peter Mwaba3, Prof Ayato Takada1,4,5, Prof 6 Guiseppe Ippolito6, Dr Francis Kasolo7, Prof Alimuddin Zumla8,9, Dr Matthew Bates 7 8,9,10* 8 9 1 Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, 10 Lusaka, Zambia 11 2 University Teaching Hospital & National Virology Reference Laboratory, Lusaka, Zambia 12 3 Ministry of Health, Republic of Zambia 13 4 Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis 14 Control, Sapporo, Japan 15 5 Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 16 Japan 17 6 Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy 18 7 World Health Organization, WHO Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo 19 8 Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, 20 U.K 21 9 University of Zambia – University College London Research & Training Programme 22 (www.unza-uclms.org), University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia 23 10 HerpeZ (www.herpez.org), University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia 24 25 *Corresponding author: Dr. Matthew Bates 26 Address: UNZA-UCLMS Research & Training Programme, University Teaching Hospital, 27 Lusaka, Zambia, RW1X 1 28 Email: [email protected]; Phone: +260974044708 29 30 2 31 Abstract 32 Lujo virus is a novel old world arenavirus identified in Southern Africa in 2008 as the 33 cause of a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) characterized by nosocomial transmission 34 with a high case fatality rate of 80% (4/5 cases).
    [Show full text]
  • Past, Present, and Future of Arenavirus Taxonomy
    Arch Virol DOI 10.1007/s00705-015-2418-y VIROLOGY DIVISION NEWS Past, present, and future of arenavirus taxonomy Sheli R. Radoshitzky1 · Yīmíng Bào2 · Michael J. Buchmeier3 · Rémi N. Charrel4,18 · Anna N. Clawson5 · Christopher S. Clegg6 · Joseph L. DeRisi7,8,9 · Sébastien Emonet10 · Jean-Paul Gonzalez11 · Jens H. Kuhn5 · Igor S. Lukashevich12 · Clarence J. Peters13 · Victor Romanowski14 · Maria S. Salvato15 · Mark D. Stenglein16 · Juan Carlos de la Torre17 © Springer-Verlag Wien 2015 Abstract Until recently, members of the monogeneric Arenaviridae to accommodate reptilian arenaviruses and family Arenaviridae (arenaviruses) have been known to other recently discovered mammalian arenaviruses and to infect only muroid rodents and, in one case, possibly improve compliance with the Rules of the International phyllostomid bats. The paradigm of arenaviruses exclu- Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN). sively infecting small mammals shifted dramatically when PAirwise Sequence Comparison (PASC) of arenavirus several groups independently published the detection and genomes and NP amino acid pairwise distances support the isolation of a divergent group of arenaviruses in captive modification of the present classification. As a result, the alethinophidian snakes. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses current genus Arenavirus is replaced by two genera, suggest that these reptilian arenaviruses constitute a sister Mammarenavirus and Reptarenavirus, which are estab- clade to mammalian arenaviruses. Here, the members of lished to accommodate mammalian and reptilian the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses arenaviruses, respectively, in the same family. The current (ICTV) Arenaviridae Study Group, together with other species landscape among mammalian arenaviruses is experts, outline the taxonomic reorganization of the family upheld, with two new species added for Lunk and Merino Walk viruses and minor corrections to the spelling of some names.
    [Show full text]
  • An Attenuated Machupo Virus with a Disrupted L-Segment Intergenic
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN An attenuated Machupo virus with a disrupted L-segment intergenic region protects guinea pigs against Received: 1 February 2017 Accepted: 22 May 2017 lethal Guanarito virus infection Published: xx xx xxxx Joseph W. Golden1, Brett Beitzel2, Jason T. Ladner2, Eric M. Mucker1, Steven A. Kwilas1, Gustavo Palacios 2 & Jay W. Hooper 1 Machupo virus (MACV) is a New World (NW) arenavirus and causative agent of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (HF). Here, we identified a variant of MACV strain Carvallo termed Car91 that was attenuated in guinea pigs. Infection of guinea pigs with an earlier passage of Carvallo, termed Car68, resulted in a lethal disease with a 63% mortality rate. Sequencing analysis revealed that compared to Car68, Car91 had a 35 nucleotide (nt) deletion and a point mutation within the L-segment intergenic region (IGR), and three silent changes in the polymerase gene that did not impact amino acid coding. No changes were found on the S-segment. Because it was apathogenic, we determined if Car91 could protect guinea pigs against Guanarito virus (GTOV), a distantly related NW arenavirus. While naïve animals succumbed to GTOV infection, 88% of the Car91-exposed guinea pigs were protected. These findings indicate that attenuated MACV vaccines can provide heterologous protection against NW arenaviruses. The disruption in the L-segment IGR, including a single point mutant and 35 nt partial deletion, were the only major variance detected between virulent and avirulent isolates, implicating its role in attenuation. Overall, our data support the development of live-attenuated arenaviruses as broadly protective pan- arenavirus vaccines.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Diversity and Spatiotemporal Distributions of Lassa Virus Outbreaks in Nigeria
    Genomic Diversity and Spatiotemporal Distributions of Lassa Virus Outbreaks in Nigeria Abdulwahid Abaukaka Yahaya Tehran University of Medical Sciences Yazdan Asgari ( [email protected] ) Tehran University of Medical Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6993-6956 Research article Keywords: Genomic, Lassa Virus, Phylogeography, Spatiotemporal and Nigeria Posted Date: October 28th, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.16266/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/20 Abstract Abstract Background Lassa virus (LASV) is a single-negative strand RNA Arenavirus (genus Mammarenavirus), oriented in both negative and positive senses. Due to the increase in the fatality rate of deadly disease LASV caused (Lassa fever), widespread LASV in Nigeria has been a subject of interest. Following the upsurge of LASV endemicity in 2012, another marked incidence recorded in Nigeria, 2018, with 394 conrmed cases in 19 states, and an estimated 25% cases led to death. This study aimed at acquiring the genetic variation of LASV ancestral evolution with the evolvement of new strains in different lineage and its geographical distributions within a specic time of outbreaks through Bayesian inference, using genomic sequence across affected states in Nigeria. Results From the result, we were able to establish the relationship of Lassa mamarenavirus and other arenaviruses by classifying them into distinct monophyletic groups, i.e., the old world arenaviruses, new world arenaviruses, and Reptarenaviruses. Corresponding promoter sites for genetic expression of the viral genome were analyzed based on Transcription Starting Site (TSS), the S_Segment (MK291249.1) is about 2917–2947 bp and L_Segment (MH157036.1), is about1863–1894 bp long.
    [Show full text]
  • Arenaviridae Astroviridae Filoviridae Flaviviridae Hantaviridae
    Hantaviridae 0.7 Filoviridae 0.6 Picornaviridae 0.3 Wenling red spikefish hantavirus Rhinovirus C Ahab virus * Possum enterovirus * Aronnax virus * * Wenling minipizza batfish hantavirus Wenling filefish filovirus Norway rat hunnivirus * Wenling yellow goosefish hantavirus Starbuck virus * * Porcine teschovirus European mole nova virus Human Marburg marburgvirus Mosavirus Asturias virus * * * Tortoise picornavirus Egyptian fruit bat Marburg marburgvirus Banded bullfrog picornavirus * Spanish mole uluguru virus Human Sudan ebolavirus * Black spectacled toad picornavirus * Kilimanjaro virus * * * Crab-eating macaque reston ebolavirus Equine rhinitis A virus Imjin virus * Foot and mouth disease virus Dode virus * Angolan free-tailed bat bombali ebolavirus * * Human cosavirus E Seoul orthohantavirus Little free-tailed bat bombali ebolavirus * African bat icavirus A Tigray hantavirus Human Zaire ebolavirus * Saffold virus * Human choclo virus *Little collared fruit bat ebolavirus Peleg virus * Eastern red scorpionfish picornavirus * Reed vole hantavirus Human bundibugyo ebolavirus * * Isla vista hantavirus * Seal picornavirus Human Tai forest ebolavirus Chicken orivirus Paramyxoviridae 0.4 * Duck picornavirus Hepadnaviridae 0.4 Bildad virus Ned virus Tiger rockfish hepatitis B virus Western African lungfish picornavirus * Pacific spadenose shark paramyxovirus * European eel hepatitis B virus Bluegill picornavirus Nemo virus * Carp picornavirus * African cichlid hepatitis B virus Triplecross lizardfish paramyxovirus * * Fathead minnow picornavirus
    [Show full text]
  • A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Kwamalasamutu Region, Suriname August-September 2010 Preliminary Report
    A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Kwamalasamutu Region, Suriname August-September 2010 Preliminary Report A collaboration of: Conservation International – Suriname, Rapid Assessment Program (RAP), Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB), Alcoa Foundation Preliminary report produced and distributed January 24, 2011 by Conservation International all photos ©Piotr Naskrecki 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments……………………………………………………… 4 Participants and Authors…………………………………………….… 5 Map………………………………………………………………….…... 9 Introduction to the RAP Survey………………………………….….… 10 Description of RAP Survey Sites………………………………….….... 11 Summary of Preliminary Results by Taxonomic Group…………… 12 Summary of Preliminary Conservation Recommendations……….. 16 Preliminary Reports Water Quality…………………………………………………………… 20 Plants…………………….…….………………………………………… 22 Aquatic Beetles…………………………………………………………. 28 Dung Beetles……………………………………………………………. 31 Ants……………………………………………………………………… 36 Katydids ……………………………………………………................... 38 Dragonflies and Damselflies……………………………….…………… 43 Fishes……………………………………………………………………. 47 Reptiles and Amphibians…………………………………..................... 50 Birds........…………………………………………………….................. 51 Small Mammals………………………………………………………… 56 Large Mammals………………………………………………………… 59 Appendices: Preliminary Data and Species Lists Appendix 1. Water Quality Data………………………………................... 64 Appendix 2. Plants………………………………………………………….. 67 Appendix 3. Aquatic Beetles……………………………………………….. 70 Appendix 4. Dung Beetles………………………………………………….. 72
    [Show full text]
  • Acesse a Versão Em
    Guia dos roedores do Brasil, com chaves para gêneros baseadas em caracteres externos C. R. Bonvicino1,2, J. A. de Oliveira 3 e P. S. D’Andrea 2 1. Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro. 2. Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, IOC-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro. 3. Setor de Mamíferos, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. O conteúdo desta guia não exprime necessariamente a opinião da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. Ficha Catalográfica Bonvicino, C. R. Guia dos Roedores do Brasil, com chaves para gêneros baseadas em caracteres externos / C. R. Bonvicino, J. A. Oliveira, P. S. D’Andrea. - Rio de Janeiro: Centro Pan-Americano de Febre Aftosa - OPAS/OMS, 2008. 120 p.: il. (Série de Manuais Técnicos, 11) Bibliografia ISSN 0101-6970 1. Roedores. 2. Brasil. I. Oliveira, J. A. II. D’Andrea, P. S. III. Título. IV. Série. SUMÁRIO Prólogo ......................................................................................................07 Apresentação ........................................................................................... 09 Introdução ................................................................................................ 11 Chaves para as subordens e famílias de roedores brasileiros ............ 12 Chave para os gêneros de Sciuridae com a ocorrência no Brasil ...... 13 Gênero Sciurillus .......................................................................................................14 Gênero Guerlinguetus ...............................................................................................15
    [Show full text]