DOCSLIB.ORG

Patterns of Post-Fire Aspen Seedling Establishment, Growth, and Mortality in the Western United States

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Patterns of Post-Fire Aspen Seedling Establishment, Growth, and Mortality in the Western United States Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2021 Patterns of Post-Fire Aspen Seedling Establishment, Growth, and Mortality in the Western United States Mark Regier Kreider Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Kreider, Mark Regier, "Patterns of Post-Fire Aspen Seedling Establishment, Growth, and Mortality in the Western United States" (2021). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 8026. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/8026 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PATTERNS OF POST-FIRE ASPEN SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT, GROWTH, AND MORTALITY IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES by Mark Regier Kreider A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Ecology Approved: _______________________ _______________________ Larissa L. Yocom, Ph.D. Karen E. Mock, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member _______________________ _______________________ R. Justin DeRose, Ph.D. D. Richard Cutler, Ph.D. Committee Member Interim Vice Provost of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2021 ii Copyright Mark Regier Kreider 2021 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Patterns of Aspen Seedling Establishment, Growth, and Mortality in the Western United States by Mark Regier Kreider, Master of Science Utah State University, 2021 Major Professor: Dr. Larissa L. Yocom Department: Wildland Resources Sexual seedling establishment in aspen is increasingly recognized as an important natural regeneration pathway for the species in the western U.S. However, information on seedling abundance as well as factors influencing aspen sexual regeneration is limited and frequently anecdotal, due to historical assumptions of seedling rarity as well as difficulty identifying sexual seedlings from asexual aspen sucker regeneration. This thesis contributes to the field of aspen seedling ecology in three major ways. Chapter 1 utilizes historical aspen seedling occurrences in the western U.S. and a systematic field survey of 2018 fire footprints to explore patterns and test assumptions of aspen seedling establishment across multiple geographic scales. Chapter 2 focuses on one widespread post-fire aspen seedling establishment event in southern Utah, tracking seedlings through time to identify factors that influence survival and growth across a range of environmental conditions. Finally, Chapter 3 is reproduced from a first-authored article published in the Journal of Forestry and presents a framework for non-destructively iv distinguishing aspen seedlings from suckers, removing a barrier that has hampered aspen seedling research in the past. Together, these chapters expand our understanding of aspen seedling establishment in the western U.S., and highlight the important role sexual aspen establishment may play in the dispersal and recruitment of the species, both historically and in changing future conditions. (124 pages) v PUBLIC ABSTRACT Patterns of Aspen Seedling Establishment, Growth, and Mortality in the Western United States Mark Regier Kreider Sexual seedling establishment in aspen is increasingly recognized as an important natural regeneration pathway for the species in the western U.S. However, information on seedling abundance as well as factors influencing aspen sexual regeneration is limited and frequently anecdotal, due to historical assumptions of seedling rarity as well as difficulty identifying sexual seedlings from asexual aspen sucker regeneration. This thesis contributes to the field of aspen seedling ecology in three major ways. Chapter 1 utilizes historical aspen seedling occurrences in the western U.S. and a systematic field survey of 2018 fire footprints to explore patterns and test assumptions of aspen seedling establishment across multiple geographic scales. Chapter 2 focuses on one widespread post-fire aspen seedling establishment event in southern Utah, tracking seedlings through time to identify factors that influence survival and growth across a range of environmental conditions. Finally, Chapter 3 is reproduced from a first-authored article published in the Journal of Forestry and presents a framework for non-destructively distinguishing aspen seedlings from suckers, removing a barrier that has hampered aspen seedling research in the past. Together, these chapters expand our understanding of aspen seedling establishment in the western U.S., and highlight the important role sexual aspen establishment may play in the dispersal and recruitment of the species, both historically and in changing future conditions. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Throughout my masters, I have received a tremendous amount of support from many individuals and organizations. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1745048. Additional funding came from the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies Utah State as well as the Utah State University Ecology Center, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, and Office of Research. I am very grateful to Dr. Larissa Yocom for her constant support, guidance, and advice at all points along the journey. I wish to thank my other committee members, Dr. Karen Mock and Dr. Justin DeRose, for their knowledgeable counsel and assistance. I would also like to extend my deepest gratitude to Dr. Ryan Sensenig for first kindling my interest in ecology as an academic pursuit, and for modeling to me (and many others) how to be a curious, caring, and passionate ecologist and human. For Chapter 2, I would like to thank Bailey Nordin and Shawnee Tebbs for help collecting field data, and to individuals who shared information on additional aspen seedling events, including MaryLou Fairweather, James Jacobs, Kevin Krasnow, Ellis Margolis, Katie Nigro, Paul Rogers, Monica Turner, Nicholas Wilhelmi, and Bryan Williams. For Chapter 3, I thank Brian Van Winkle and Eric Eastep for their help with research permits and fieldwork logistics, as well as research technicians who helped collect data: Grace Chovil, Etta Crowley, Taylor Hague, Allysia Hammond, Trevette Kuester, Liam McAvoy, Bailey Nordin, Cashe Rasmussen, Shawnee Tebbs, and Savannah Tollefson. For Chapter 4, I thank Taylor Hague, Allysia Hammond, Trevette Kuester, Cache vii Rasmussen, and Savannah Tollefson for their help in systematic seedling excavation. Thank you to my fellow lab members, who have made these last two and a half years even more enjoyable with their camaraderie, helpful problem-solving and insightful comments on numerous manuscripts and presentations. Finally, I would like thank my parents and brother for instilling in me a love and curiosity for natural processes such as those I now study, and for the tremendous love and support they have shown throughout my life. Mark Regier Kreider viii CONTENTS Page Abstract .............................................................................................................................. iii Public Abstract .....................................................................................................................v Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. vi List of Tables .......................................................................................................................x List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi Preface............................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................1 Literature Cited ........................................................................................................3 Chapter 2: Patterns Of Aspen Seedling Establishment In Historical And Systematically Surveyed Sites In The Western U.S. ....................................................................................6 Abstract ....................................................................................................................6 Introduction ..............................................................................................................7 Methods..................................................................................................................11 Results ....................................................................................................................27 Discussion ..............................................................................................................36 Literature Cited ......................................................................................................42 Chapter 3: Aspen Seedling Establishment, Survival, And Growth Following The Brian Head Fire ..................................................................................................................54 Abstract ..................................................................................................................54 Introduction ............................................................................................................54
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Post-Fire Treatment Effectiveness for Hillslope Stabilization
    United States Department of Agriculture Post-Fire Treatment Forest Service Rocky Mountain Effectiveness for Research Station General Technical Hillslope Stabilization Report RMRS-GTR-240 August 2010 Peter R. Robichaud, Louise E. Ashmun, and Bruce D. Sims A SUMMARY OF KNOWLEDGE FROM THE Robichaud, Peter R.; Ashmun, Louise E.; Sims, Bruce D. 2010. Post-fire treatment effectiveness for hill- slope stabilization. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-240. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 62 p. Abstract This synthesis of post-fire treatment effectiveness reviews the past decade of research, monitoring, and product development related to post-fire hillslope emergency stabilization treatments, including erosion barri- ers, mulching, chemical soil treatments, and combinations of these treatments. In the past ten years, erosion barrier treatments (contour-felled logs and straw wattles) have declined in use and are now rarely applied as a post-fire hillslope treatment. In contrast, dry mulch treatments (agricultural straw, wood strands, wood shreds, etc.) have quickly gained acceptance as effective, though somewhat expensive, post-fire hillslope stabilization treatments and are frequently recommended when values-at-risk warrant protection. This change has been motivated by research that shows the proportion of exposed mineral soil (or conversely, the propor- tion of ground cover) to be the primary treatment factor controlling post-fire hillslope erosion. Erosion barrier treatments provide little ground cover and have been shown to be less effective than mulch, especially during short-duration, high intensity rainfall events. In addition, innovative options for producing and applying mulch materials have adapted these materials for use on large burned areas that are inaccessible by road.
    [Show full text]
  • What Information Do People Use, Trust, and Find Useful During A
    Nat Hazards (2015) 76:615–634 DOI 10.1007/s11069-014-1512-x ORIGINAL PAPER What information do people use, trust, and find useful during a disaster? Evidence from five large wildfires Toddi A. Steelman • Sarah M. McCaffrey • Anne-Lise Knox Velez • Jason Alexander Briefel Received: 9 April 2014 / Accepted: 4 November 2014 / Published online: 16 November 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 Abstract The communication system through which information flows during a disaster can be conceived of as a set of relationships among sources and recipients who are concerned about key information characteristics. The recipient perspective is often neglected within this system. In this article, we explore recipient perspectives related to what information was used, useful, and trustworthy in a wildfire context. Using a survey (n = 873) on five large wildfires in 2009 and 2010, we found significant gaps between the sources that were used by the most respondents and those that that they rated as useful or trustworthy. The sources that were used most before the fires were highly correlated with the sources that were used most during the fire. Keywords Public information Á Communication Á Used Á Useful Á Trustworthy 1 Introduction Information is an essential resource during a disaster. Without information, responders cannot effectively manage a disaster, and those affected by the disaster cannot best adapt to T. A. Steelman (&) School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 329 Kirk Hall, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7H 2J5, Canada e-mail: [email protected] S. M. McCaffrey Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service, 1033 University Place, #360, Evanston, IL 60626, USA e-mail: [email protected] A.-L.
    [Show full text]
  • Fires on Flathead Forest Grow Slightly, Expected to Burn for Weeks
    Houston East (CAMS 1) monitoring site AUGUST 26, 2011 EXCEPTIONAL EVENTS DEMONSTRATION PACKAGE For the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria One-hour Ozone Nonattainment Area TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY P.O. BOX 13087 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78711-3087 September 30, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ................................................................................................................. i List of Acronyms ................................................................................................................ iii List of Tables ........................................................................................................................v List of Figures .................................................................................................................... vi Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... viii Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 A Conceptual Model of Ozone for the HGB Area ................................................. 1-1 1.2 Trends in HGB Area Emissions and Ozone Levels ............................................. 1-2 1.3 Ozone Reduction Progress at the Houston East (CAMS 1) Monitoring Site ...... 1-4 1.4 The Exceptional Event of August 26, 2011 ......................................................... 1-5 Chapter 2: Exceptional Event Rule Requirements for States .........................................
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Post-Fire
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Post-fire hydrologic behavior and recovery: Advancing spatial and temporal prediction with an emphasis on remote sensing A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Civil Engineering by Alicia Michiko Kinoshita 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Post-fire hydrologic behavior and recovery: Advancing spatial and temporal prediction with an emphasis on remote sensing by Alicia Michiko Kinoshita Doctor of Philosophy in Civil Engineering University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Terri S. Hogue, Chair This work has investigated the policy of wildfires, modeling techniques for post-fire assessment, and the influence of controlling variables on post-fire recovery. Post-fire mitigation and management require reliable predictions of immediate hydrologic consequences and long-term recovery to pre-fire conditions. This research shows that models used by agencies are not adaptable to all geographical and climatological conditions. Results show inconsistencies between model predictions for peak discharge events across the sites and less confidence associated with larger return periods (25- and 50-year peak flow events). Remote sensing techniques improve spatial and temporal resolution of data streams for model parameters and post-fire recovery predictions. This research shows that recovery is dependent on many ii variables, including burn severity, slope aspect, and vegetation biomass. The lack of vegetation recovery across watersheds results in significant changes in annual and seasonal discharge throughout the study period. Understanding these key controlling variables will improve post-fire hydrological predictions. Previously established remote sensing algorithms can be applied and adapted to burned areas to improve hydrologic and recovery predictions.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Disaster Code Declaration
    State/Tribal Number Date Government Incident Description Declaration Type 1259 11/6/1998 Florida Tropical Storm Mitch Major Disaster Declaration 1258 11/5/1998 Kansas Severe Storms and Flooding Major Disaster Declaration Severe Storms, Flooding and 1257 10/21/1998 Texas Tornadoes Major Disaster Declaration 1256 10/19/1998 Missouri Severe Storms and Flooding Major Disaster Declaration 1255 10/16/1998 Washington Landslide In The City Of Kelso Major Disaster Declaration Severe Storms, Flooding, And 1254 10/14/1998 Kansas Tornadoes Major Disaster Declaration 1253 10/14/1998 Missouri Severe Storms and Flooding Major Disaster Declaration 1252 10/5/1998 Washington Flooding Major Disaster Declaration 1251 10/1/1998 Mississippi Hurricane Georges Major Disaster Declaration 1250 9/30/1998 Alabama Hurricane Georges Major Disaster Declaration 1249 9/28/1998 Florida Hurricane Georges Major Disaster Declaration 3133 9/28/1998 Alabama Hurricane Georges Emergency Declaration 3132 9/28/1998 Mississippi Hurricane Georges Emergency Declaration 3131 9/25/1998 Florida Hurricane Georges Emergency Declaration 2248 9/25/1998 Washington Columbia County Fire Management Assistance Declaration 1247 9/24/1998 Puerto Rico Hurricane Georges Major Disaster Declaration 1248 9/24/1998 Virgin Islands Hurricane Georges Major Disaster Declaration 1245 9/23/1998 Texas Tropical Storm Frances Major Disaster Declaration Tropical Storm Frances and 1246 9/23/1998 Louisiana Hurricane Georges Major Disaster Declaration Hurricane Georges (Direct 3129 9/21/1998 Virgin Islands Federal
    [Show full text]
  • 015-2018 SHMP FINAL Appendices
    APPENDICES – 2018 STATE HAZARD MITIGATION TEAM ROSTER OF AGENCIES AND STAKEHOLDER ORGANIZATIONS AECOM National Governments Alameda County Office of Emergency Services Alpine County Operational Area Inland Region IV Air Resources Control Board (ARB) Amador County Operational Area Inland Region IV American Planning Association California Chapter American Red Cross (Sacramento Chapter) Association of Bay Area Governments Association of Contingency Planners Association of Environmental Professionals Burbank Fire Corps Business and Industry Council for Emergency Planning & Preparedness (BICEPP) Business, Consumer Services, and Housing Agency Business Executives for National Security (BENS) Business Recovery Managers Association Butte County Operational Area Inland Region III California Adaptation Forum California Association of Councils of Governments Cahuilla Band of Indians California Board of Forestry and Fire Protection Calaveras Council of Governments California Coastal Commission California Conservation Corps California Community Colleges California Department of Community Services and Development California Department of Conservation California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation California Department of Education California Department of Food and Agriculture California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CALFIRE) California Department of General Services California Department of Housing and Community Development California Department of Insurance California Department of Public Health California Department of Public
    [Show full text]
  • ! Essays in Collaborative Wildfire Planning by Rachel Carolyn Smith
    Essays in Collaborative Wildfire Planning By Rachel Carolyn Smith A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, Policy, and Management in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor J. Keith Gilless, Chair Professor Scott Stephens William Stewart Professor Isha Ray Spring 2011 ! Essays in Collaborative Wildfire Planning © 2011 by Rachel Carolyn Smith ! Abstract Essays in Collaborative Wildfire Planning by Rachel Carolyn Smith Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California, Berkeley Professor J. Keith Gilless, Chair The last three decades have witnessed an exponential increase in wildfire-related costs and losses in the United States, in part the result of rapid population migration from urban centers into relatively-undeveloped rural areas. By 2005, one in three American households was residing in volatile areas where human development is co-mingled with unaltered wildland vegetation, the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI). That proportion is expected only to rise in the coming decade. Mixing people and unaltered wildland vegetation has proved a deadly combination: each year, wildfires take lives. During these fires, scores of injuries occur, and hundreds of structures burn as millions of acres of sometimes ecologically-sensitive land is scorched. Federal agencies now spend more than one billion dollars on fire suppression activities each year, fielding thousands of wildland firefighters, aircraft, and equipment to protect communities at risk. As development of the WUI continues, it is critical that the nation work towards creating fire- adapted communities in which people and values are prepared to tolerate inevitable wildfire events with minimal loss of life and property.
    [Show full text]
  • Bull Fire 2010 Research Summary Final 062711
    BULL FIRE RESEARCH FINDINGS SUMMARY Branda Nowell, Ph.D * Toddi Steelman, Ph.D. * Deena Bayoumi, M.P.A. * Caitlin Burke, Ph.D. Anne-Lise Velez* Jason Briefel, M.S. – North Carolina State University Sarah McCaffrey, Ph.D. – USFS Northern Research Station Overview Effective communication and coordination are important to manage fires in the wildland urban interface (WUI). At present, little empirical work exists to document communication efficacy during a fire event and to identify effective management practices for establishing a coordinated response. In this research, we used surveys, interviews, and social network analysis to better understand communication and coordination processes for fire management. This study was guided by the following questions: 1. How well are Incident Management Teams (IMT), local Forest representatives, and local cooperators communicating with the broader public before and during the fire? 2. How well are IMTs, local Forest representatives, and local cooperators communicating among themselves? 3. What factors contribute to effective communication during wildfire responses? Methods Data were collected from four WUI wildfires in NM (Tecolote Fire), AZ (Schultz Fire), CA (Bull Fire), and CO (Four Mile Canyon Fire) during the summer of 2010. This research took place in two phases. The first phase consisted of in-person interviews and social network data collection with IMT command staff and section chiefs, local Forest representatives, and local cooperators. Phase 2 consisted of a survey of residents. In CO we only conducted phase 2. This report describes the findings from the Bull Fire with a brief indication of how the results compare with results from other study sites1.
    [Show full text]
  • Desolation Ecosystem Analysis
    Desolation Ecosystem Analysis Umatilla National Forest July 2, 1999 Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Summary of Findings .............................................................................................................................. 8 I. Characterization................................................................................................................................... 9 General Information.............................................................................................................................................9 Forest Plan Management Areas and Land Uses.............................................................................................12 Federal Trust Responsibilities To Indian Tribes............................................................................................14 Soils and Geology..............................................................................................................................................17 General...........................................................................................................................................................17 Geology..........................................................................................................................................................17 Soils ...............................................................................................................................................................17
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Global Climate and Catastrophe Report Impact Forecasting—2010 Contents
    Annual Global Climate and Catastrophe Report Impact Forecasting—2010 Contents Executive Summary—2010’s Top Catastrophes 3 2010 Climate Review 7 2010 Atlantic Hurricane Season Review 9 2010 Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season Review 10 2010 Western Pacific Typhoon Season Review 11 2010 Indian Ocean and Southern Pacific Cyclone Season Review 12 2010 United States Tornado Season Review 13 2010 United States Brushfire Season Review 14 2011 Climate and Atlantic Hurricane Forecasts 15 Temperature and Precipitation Outlook: January – March 2011 16 Temperature and Precipitation Outlook: March – May 2011 17 Historical Atlantic Hurricane Season Predictions 18 2011 Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlooks 20 2010 Monthly Catastrophe Review 21 United States 21 Remainder of North America (Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, Caribbean Islands) 35 South America 43 Europe 48 Africa 56 Asia 60 Oceania (Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Micronesia, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) 77 Appendix: Tropical System Frequency Correlations 84 Western Pacific Ocean Basin (ENSO) 84 Eastern Pacific Ocean Basin (ENSO) 85 Atlantic Ocean Basin (ENSO) 86 Aon Benfield: Impact Forecasting Executive Summary — 2010’s Top Catastrophes Nature was very active in 2010. It was the warmest year observed since 1880 when temperature records began. Major earthquakes in Haiti, Chile and Indonesia caused thousands of fatalities and widespread damage. Vast floods persisted for many months across portions of Asia. Severe weather outbreaks in the United States and Australia spawned tornadoes, damaging winds and destructive hail. At least four strong tropical systems made landfall in Asia. No hurricanes made landfall in the United States even though the Atlantic Hurricane Season produced the second-most number of hurricanes in the last 25 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern California Association of Foresters & Fire Wardens
    Newsletter Southern California Association of Foresters & Fire Wardens OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 2016-2017 OFFICERS President Vaughan Miller—VNC First Vice President Bart Kicklighter—SQF Second Vice Pres.– Kurt Zingheim—MVU Secretary Tim Chavez—RRU Treasurer Dave Witt—KRN DIRECTORS Dan Snow—BDF Kevin Johnson—LAC Troy Whitman—SCE Nathan Judy—ANF Phil Johnson—ORC Tim Ernst—LFD Ron Janssen—BDU Chris Childers - SBC Dan Johnson—CSR Dave Fowler—SLU Gary Helming—LPF Stan Hill—CNF Ed Shabro—Vendor Representative Doug Lannon—Arrangements Don Forsyth—Safety We, the members of the Southern California Association of Foresters and Fire Wardens, do band together for the purpose of strengthening inter-agency cooperation, fire safety coordination, and fellowship. Minutes of the Board of Directors meeting of the Southern California Association of Foresters and Fire Wardens 1 2017 ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION OF FORESTERS AND FIRE WARDENS The board of directors will begin working on the programs and speakers for the 87TH Annual Wildland Fire Training and Safety Conference that will be held on May 4 & 5, 2017 at Camp Pilgrim Pines in beautiful Oak Glen, California. This promises to be another exciting and informa- tive conference and we look forward to seeing you back at Pilgrim Pines. You can now go directly to our web site by scanning the QRC (quick response code) with your smart Foresters and Fire Wardens Contact Information phone. Mailing: SCAFFW c/o Tim Chavez 1550 E. 6th Street, Beaumont, CA 92223 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.scaffw.org Cover Photo The 2017 Fire Season begins in western Fresno-Kings Unit with the 5738 acre Jayne Fire, April 21, 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • California Disasters Since 1950
    Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan Appendix F City of Newport Beach, California APPENDIX F: CALIFORNIA DISASTERS SINCE 1950 Disaster State # of # of Cost of Disaster Name # Year Counties and Cities Declared Declaration Deaths Injuries Damage Floods OCD 50- 1950 Statewide 11/21/50 9 $32,183,000 01 Fire, Flood, and DR-28 1954 Los Angeles, San Bernardino 2/5/54 Not Avail Erosion Floods DR-47 1955 Statewide 12/22/55 74 $200,000,000 Fires DR-65 1956 Los Angeles (Malibu area), Ventura 1 Several $70,000,000 hundred Unseasonal and 1957 Cherry producing areas of 5/20/57 2 $6,000,000 Heavy Rainfall Northern California Fires CDO 58- 1958 Los Angeles 1/3/58 1 23 Not available 01 High Tides CDO 58- 1958 City of Imperial Beach, San Diego 1/31/58 Not available 02 County Storm & Flood CDO 58- 1958 Northern California (Southern 2/26/58 Not available Damage 03 boundaries of Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, Stanislaus, Tuolumne, Alpine counties to the Oregon border) Storm & Flood N/A 1958 Statewide 4/2/58 13 $24,000,000 Damage Potential Flood CDO 59- 1959 Los Angeles 1/8/59 Not applicable Damage and 01 Landsides as a Result of Fires Unseasonal and N/A 1959 Tokay grape producing areas of 9/17/59 2 $100,000 Heavy Rainfall Northern California Major and N/A 1960 Los Angeles, San Bernardino 7/21-22/60 12 $10,000,000 Widespread Fires Major and N/A 1960 Lassen Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, 8/16/60 $3,075,000 Widespread Fires Tehama Bel Air Fires DR-119 1961 Los Angeles 103 Between $50,000,000 - $100,000,000 Widespread Fires N/A 1961 Amador, Butte, El Dorado, Napa, 9/8/61 $5,696,813
    [Show full text]