November Is Native American History Month
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November is Native American History Month The idea to celebrate the first inhabitants of our land, started out as a celebration of American Indian week in 1986 and in 1990 was expanded to be the month of November. And although National Indigenous Peoples Day is on June 21, this month-long celebration recently updated its name to Native American Heritage Month. Native Americans, Alaska Natives and Native Hawaiians are all included in these celebrations as the US attempts to recognize their contributions to our shared history, heritage and culture. Indigenous Peoples have contributed to every part of our society, including literature, art, medicine, science, government, the military and many others (Library of Congress, 2020). Join our class as we continue our monthly recognition of the diversity of our society. Charles Curtis (Jan. 25, 1860-Feb. 8, 1936) Charles Curtis was born in Topeka, Kansa/Kaw territory, before it was known as Kansas Territory. His father was of European descent, and his mother of Potawatomi descent. Because of this, he was not given a traditional name. He lived with his maternal grandparents while his father went off to fight in the Civil war, and was taught French and Kaw by his mother before her death. He graduated from Topeka High School at the insistence of his grandparents. He worked as a janitor while studying law in 1879. He subsequently was admitted to the Kansas Bar in 1881 at the age of 21. Later on he went into politics, and served as a republican member of the house of representatives. He later moved to Congress as a senator, and was nominated for Vice President by Herbert Hoover. Curtis was the first person of color to become Vice President of the US, and under his term as Senator, the Kaw nation was legally disbanded. He was a major promoter of the assimilation of the native peoples to European/American culture. Curtis was also part of the team that finally gave women the right to vote. Sources (also this presentation was done by Anirudh Chari) Alaa Elassar, CNN. November 8th, 2020. “Charles Curtis: Remembering the Native American who was the first person of color to serve as US vice president”. Retrieved November 9th, 2020. Debra Utacia Krol. November 7th, 2020. “Native American vice president made history in the 1920s, but fell into obscurity”. Retrieved November 9th, 2020. The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. July 28th, 1999. “Charles Curtis”. Retrieved November 9th, 2020. Jim Thorpe Jim Thorpe was born on May 28, 1888 near Prague, Indian Thorpes is a major athletic influence even to this Territory, which is now in Oklahoma. He belonged to the day. He attended Carlisle in 1907, and sauk and fox Nation, but also had Potawatomi Indian immediately joined their track-and-field team. In bloodlines. His Indigenous name was Wa-Tho-Huk, which casual clothes, he managed to launch himself meant “Bright Path,” but he was given a Christian name over a 5’9” high bar, and broke the school which was Jacobus Franciscus Thorpe. At a very early age, record. However, it was football that got him his Thorpe was taught how to hunt and trap. Because of his claim to fame in the athletic world. He starred on the team as a halfback, place kicker, punter and extensive journeys through the indian territory he grew up defender. He led his team to an unexpected in, he developed his legendary endurance victory over Harvard, which was the top ranking team at the time, in November 1911. References (Papa A.K.) Biography.com Editors. Apr. 2, 2014. “Jim Thorpe Biography.” Retrieved Nov. 9, 2020 (https://www.biography.com/athlete/jim-thorpe) The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. May. 24, 2020. “Jim Thorpe.” Retrieved Nov 9, 2020 (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jim-Thorpe-American-athlete) Author: Unknown. 2011. “Thorpe, Jim.” Retrieved Nov 10, 2020 (http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.sr.054) Tashunka-Witko was born in an unknown year; however, historians speculate he was born between 1838 and 1842. He was a part of the Oglala Band of the Lakota Sioux Tribe. When he was a boy, he showed valiant courage during battle, which inspired his resistance against American colonists; his father acknowledged his courage during battle and gifted him the name Crazy Horse, his father’s original name. Crazy Horse also had names such as Curly Hair and Horse on Sight. Crazy Horse was raised in the traditional manner of the Lakotas, an important aspect of any tribe member’s adult life, because these games helped them develop defense tactics and learn how to find resources. Visions are important to Lakota warriors and are a symbol of success. He had a vision when he was a teenager, which shaped the way he participated in battle, because the person present in his vision told him not to participate in certain Lakota war traditions. His major influence was when he witnessed a battle in which Warriors of his tribe were killed in mere minutes. From this, he strove to preserve the land of the Lakota Sioux and do whatever it took to preserve that land, even if it involved war. Crazy Horse is an influential figure to this day. He led many rebellions against white colonists, who wished to use their territory for their own benefits. One of his most impactful feats was when he defeated General William Tecumseh Sherman in a series of attacks for gold. They came to an agreement that the natives would receive the Black Hills, areas West of Missouri, and part of Wyoming, and anyone who violated the treaty would be arrested. However, Crazy Horse decided to rebel yet again. He participated in many battles against European colonists, including the Battle of Rosebud and the Battle of the Little Big Horn. Even though he was eventually defeated through his arrest and death, he displays an example of true leadership. He inspires many to fight for causes which are dear to their hearts, and to never let Tashunka-Witko that love fade away. He is memorialized with the Crazy Horse Memorial in the Black Hills, an unfinished statue of himself. He died on September 5, 1877. (Crazy Horse) The photo seen at left is one of his memorial. References (Catherine L.) Author Unknown. Mar. 14, 2019. “Crazy Horse (Tashunka Witco).” Retrieved Nov. 9, 2020 (https://www.nps.gov/libi/learn/historyculture/crazy-horse.htm). The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Sep. 1, 2020. “Crazy Horse.” Retrieved Nov. 9, 2020 (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Crazy-Horse). Biography.com Editors. Oct. 14, 2020. “Crazy Horse Biography.” Retrieved Nov. 9, 2020. (https://www.biography.com/military-figure/crazy-horse#citation) Onion, Amanda, Missy Sullivan, and Matt Mullen. Aug. 31, 2020. “Crazy Horse.” Retrieved Nov. 9, 2020 (https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/crazy-horse). N. Scott Momaday (1934 - Present) Navarre Scott Momaday, more commonly known as N. Scott Momaday, was born in Lawton, Oklahoma, on February 27, 1934. His father is of the Kiowa and his mother is part-Cherokee. Many of his works contain not only Kiowa influences, but many other Native American influences as Momaday is an author, poet, and painter. Two well. He lived on Apache, Navajo, and Pueblo reservations of his greatest achievements include both the Pulitzer when he was young. On these reservations, Momaday would Prize for Fiction (which he received for his novel House Made of Dawn in 1969) and using his works of develop an admiration for storytelling and its power. His literature to tell Kiowa stories. House Made of Dawn education includes a political science degree from the and his other novel The Ancient Child both explore University of New Mexico and a master’s and eventually Ph. Native American marginalization and issues with D. in English from Stanford University. reconnecting to their heritage. Many of his poems explore human behavior, his Kiowa ancestry, and Kiowa spirituality. He has taught at universities and uses his work to tell Nativr American stories. Today, he lives in Santa Fe where he writes and paints. References Jourdon Moua The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2020. “N. Scott Momaday.” Retrieved Nov. 9, 2020 (https://www.britannica.com/biography/N-Scott-Momaday). Steed, Patricia L. “Momaday, Navarre Scott (1934-).” Retrieved Nov. 10, 2020 (https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=MO007). PBS. 2019. “N. Scott Momaday Biography.” Retrieved Nov. 10, 2020 (https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/n-scott-momaday-biography/1 2210/). Sacagawea (1788-1812) She was a Native American woman who helped on the famous Lewis and Clark One major accomplishment that she did was involving Journey at the age of sixteen. She was born herself in the Corps of Discovery. This changed the world in 1788 in the Lemhi county in Idaho to her because we got to see a Native American become a leader. mother named, Otter Woman, and her father, Sacagawea helped Lewis and Clark on their journey and was also a pretty good medicine woman. She was also a great Jean Baptiste. They named her Sacagawea interpreter. She made some discoveries of her own when which translates to “Bird Woman.” At the age traveling west. When the corps encountered a group of of 12 she was captured and was sold to a Shoshone Indians, their leader happened to be her brother. French-Canadian trapper who later made him his wife. And at the age of 16 she was invited to join Lewis and Clark on their journey as a Shoshone Interpreter. References (Murtaza Wani) History.com. Apr.5, 2010. “Sacagawea.” Retrieved Nov.10, 2020 ( https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/sacagawea).