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African Rhino. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

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African Rhino. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan African Rhino Compiled by Richard Emslie and Martin Brooks IUCN/SSC African Rhino Specialist Group Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and the African Rhino Action Plan The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC’s Action Plans, Occasional Papers, news magazine (Species), Membership Directory and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation; to date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to Specialist Groups. As a result, the Action Plan Programme has progressed at an accelerated level and the network has grown and matured significantly. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Chicago Zoological Society (CZS) provides significant in-kind and cash support to the SSC, including grants for special projects, editorial and design services, staff secondments and related support services. The mission of CZS is to help people develop a sustainable and harmonious relationship with nature. The Zoo carries out its mission by informing and inspiring 2,000,000 annual visitors, serving as a refuge for species threatened with extinction, developing scientific approaches to manage species successfully in zoos and the wild, and working with other zoos, agencies, and protected areas around the world to conserve habitats and wildlife. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC’s Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conservation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts as well as promotion of conservation education, research and international cooperation. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) provides significant annual operating support to the SSC. WWF’s contribution supports the SSC’s minimal infrastructure and helps ensure that the voluntary network and Publications Programme are adequately supported. WWF aims to conserve nature and ecological processes by: (1) preserving genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity; (2) ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable both now and in the longer term; and (3) promoting actions to reduce pollution and the wasteful exploitation and consumption of resources and energy. WWF is one of the world’s largest independent conservation organizations with a network of National Organizations and Associates around the world and over 5.2 million regular supporters. WWF continues to be known as World Wildlife Fund in Canada and in the United States of America. The Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions (DETR), UK supports a Red List Officer post at the SSC Centre in Cambridge, UK, where the SSC Trade Programme staff are also located. Together with two other Government-funded agencies, Scottish Natural Heritage and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the DETR is also financing a specialist plants officer. Further support for the centre is being offered by two NGO members of IUCN: the World Wide Fund for Nature - UK, and Conservation International, US. The Center for Marine Conservation (CMC), with its headquarters in the US, provides valuable in-kind and funding support to the marine work of SSC. It is the major funder of the Marine Turtle Specialist Group, employs the MTSG Programme Officer, and administers funds on behalf of the Shark and Cetacean Specialist Groups. A CMC staff member acts as SSC staff liaison for the marine specialist groups and the marine focal point for SSC, and also supports the development of SSC’s work in the marine realm. CMC serves as the marine focal point for the IUCN/SSC Red List Programme. It is dedicated to protecting ocean environments and conserving the global abundance and diversity of marine life through science-based advocacy, research and public education. The U.S. Department of State, through its Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (OES), provided a grant to support the position of Program Officer at the AfRSG. The OES has the principal responsibility for formulating and implementing U.S. policies for oceans, environmental, scientific, and technological aspects of U.S. relations with other governmental and multilateral institutions. The Bureau’s responsibilities encompass a broad range of issues relating to the environment; oceans policy, pollution, tropical forests, biological diversity, wildlife, fisheries, global climate change, atmospheric ozone depletion, space, and advanced technologies. The Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) through its Office of International Affairs was responsible for working with the Department of State to make support for the African Rhino Specialists Group a priority item. The FWS is the lead U.S. federal agency in the conservation of the nation’s migratory birds, threatened and endangered species, certain marine mammals and sport fishes. It also serves as the lead federal agency concerning international conventions on wildlife and operates a program of public affairs and education to enhance the public’s understanding and appreciation of America’s fish and wildlife resources. The Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Fund (RTCF) is a small grant fund managed by the FWS to strengthen habitat and ecosystem management, create protected areas, and develop local capacity to support rhino and tiger conservation initiatives. The RTCF liaises closely with the AfRSG and other conservation entities to ensure the best use of limited resources for rhino conservation. Fifty-six grants (totalling $970,000) have been awarded in 12 countries from the available 1996, 1997, and 1998 appropriated funding. These appropriated funds generated $1,748,616 in matching funds and in-kind contributions. The International Rhino Foundation (IRF) is an organization whose mission is to support (financially, technically, administratively) and operate rhino conservation and research programs, both in nature and in captivity, with particular emphasis on intensive management and protection. IRF has provided financial support for the IUCN/SSC African Rhino Specialist Group (AfRSG) as well as program office services and other funds to the Asian Rhino Specialist Group (AsRSG). Currently, IRF is the largest and therefore leading NGO in the program to conserve the northern white rhino in Garamba National Park. IRF supports other conservation programs for both black and white rhinoceros. Development of the African Rhino Action Plan was also supported by the United Nations Environment Programme, WWF-Africa and Madagascar Programme, WWF-Netherlands, and the European Commission. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan African Rhino Compiled by Richard Emslie and Martin Brooks IUCN/SSC African Rhino Specialist Group The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK Copyright: © 1999 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational and other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Emslie, R. and Brooks, M. (1999) African Rhino. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC African Rhino Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ix + 92 pp. ISBN: 2-8317-0502-9 Cover photo: White rhino (Ceratotherium simum), at Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park, South Africa. KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Service (KZNNCS) photolibrary. Produced by: The Nature Conservation Bureau Ltd, Newbury, UK. Printed by: Information Press, Oxford, UK. Available from: IUCN Publications Services Unit 219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK Tel: +44 1223 277894, Fax: +44 1223 277175 E-mail: [email protected] WWW: http://www.iucn.org A catalogue of IUCN publications is also available. The text of this book is printed on 115 gsm Zone Silk, which is rated as 4-star under the Eco-Check system and is made from 100% sustainable fibre sources using chlorine-free processes. ii Contents Foreword .......................................................................v Chapter 8: Country Reports: Rhino Distribution, Status, and Conservation Action .................................. 42 Acknowledgements .......................................................vi Angola .......................................................................
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