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Black Rhino Spearheads Malawi Wildlife Makeover

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Black Rhino Spearheads Malawi Wildlife Makeover SPOTLIGHT Black Rhino spearheads Malawi Wildlife Makeover BY FELIX Patton hether as part of the British getting a makeover, starting with the translocated into a second fenced area in Central African Protectorate reintroduction of the Black rhino. 1998. Wor, from 1907, as Nyasaland, or This success story started in 1993 Whilst 1999 saw the birth of a from independence in 1964, Malawi was when a pair of Black rhinos was moved second rhino calf, it was also marked by known for its abundant array of wildlife. from South Africa into a 15 km2 fenced an extension in the project’s ambitions. But all through the 1900s and especially sanctuary within the 538 km2 Liwonde The rhino sanctuaries became centres between 1960 and1990, a combination National Park. The translocation was for breeding other species made scarce of uncontrolled hunting, destruction funded by the J&B Circle of Malawi, which in Liwonde and other areas. Twenty- of wildlife habitat for agriculture and was founded in April 1992 and has now eight buffalo, 16 Eland, 26 Lichtenstein’s illegal poaching fuelled by freely available been renamed The Endangered Species of hartebeest, 29 Roan antelope and 19 firearms decimated its wildlife. Malawi, Malawi or ESOM. The translocation was zebra were moved in from the Kasungu one of the world’s poorest countries, paid for using funds from J&B London’s National Park, as well as 28 Sable lacks capacity, resources and equipment “Care for the Rare” programme. antelope from the main area of Liwonde, for wildlife conservation. For the next six years the sanctuary to join resident populations of other wild But today, with several NGOs working focused on developing the Black rhino species such as warthog and impala. The with the Department of National population. A first calf was born in majority of the buffalo were released into Parks and Wildlife, Malawi’s wildlife is 1996, and a second breeding pair was the main body of the park. 48 | SWARA – 2011:1 EAST AFRICAN WILD LIFE SOCIETY SPOTLIGHT Top: Successful re-population of the magnificent Sable. Left: One of the black rhinos at rest in the sanctuary at Liwonde National Park. Bottom: Giraffe at the Kuti Community Wildlife Park. Today, WITH SEVERAL NGOS worKING WITH THE Department OF National PARKS AND WILDLIFE, Malawi’S WILDLIFE IS GETTING A MAKEOVER, starting WITH THE reintrodUCTION OF THE BlacK RHINO. The fence between the two in parenthesis) were 114 (+22) buffalo, sanctuaries was removed in 2000 to 68 (+6) Eland, 69 (+ 16) zebra, 75 (+21) enable better grazing. With dedicated hartebeest, 38 (+0) Roan and 300 (+329) security, all species in the sanctuary area Sable antelopes. were able to breed, and populations Another beneficiary of the makeover grew rapidly to become the source of was the 691 km2 Majete Wildlife Reserve. the ‘Malawi Makeover’ with the main In 2003, the African Parks Foundation area of Liwonde National Park being an agreed to take responsibility for early recipient of Sable antelope, impala, rehabilitating, developing and managing warthog and buffalo in 2003, and again Majete. Hunters had decimated the in 2008 along with Eland, hartebeest and wildlife population – Black rhino, buffalo, zebra. Eland, impala, zebra, hartebeest and In 2007, the species that could be lion had been eliminated by 1985. The found in the Liwonde Sanctuary (with elephant population of near 300 in the numbers released to other reserves 1987 was hunted to extinction during EAST AFRICAN WILD LIFE SOCIETY 2011:1 – SWARA | 49 SPOTLIGHT SPOTLIGHT Top: An elephant family moves through the Liwonde National Park. Bottom: Kudu mother and calf in Liwonde National Park Facing Page Top Left : The River Shire is home to many hippos in Liwonde National Park. Bottom Left : Crocodiles basking on the banks of the Shire river in Liwonde National Park. Top Right: Zebra are breeding well in the game re-introduction sanctuary in Majete Wildlife Reserve. 50 | SWARA – 2011:1 EAST AFRICAN WILD LIFE SOCIETY SPOTLIGHT SPOTLIGHT the closing years of Mozambique’s civil park in Malawi at just 137 km2. In hyena, some elephants, plus many war, with the last elephant shot in 1992. 2007 the government and director of other locally extinct species. A habitat Sable antelopes were gone by 1998 and National Parks and Wildlife entered evaluation will be used as a guideline populations of kudu, warthog, waterbuck into an agreement with Project African for any reintroductions and a 2.6 m-high and hippo were significantly reduced. Wilderness Trust (PAW) to take on game fence, with a five-strand offset Having secured the area, African conservation work and development in solar-powered electrification, will be Parks constructed a 140 km2 game the reserve. It had long been neglected erected around the entire reserve to reintroduction sanctuary within Majete. and the ecosystem was out of balance. protect the animals. In 2003, the sanctuary received two Black rhinos plus Sable antelope, impala, warthog and buffalo from Liwonde followed by 70 elephants, zebra and hartebeest in 2006. The elephant WHILST 1999 saw THE birth OF A second RHINO population grew to 82 in 2008. That year, 62 more elephants were moved to Majete CALF, IT was ALSO MARKED by AN EXTENSION IN THE plus further animals including purchases proJECT’S AMBITIONS. THE RHINO SANCTUARIES from game ranches in Zambia and South Africa. Since 2003, over 3,000 animals BECAME CENTRES FOR BREEDING other SPECIES MADE have been introduced into Majete while scarce IN Liwonde AND other AREAS. the increased security has also led to growing numbers of Greater kudu. Once there is sufficient game, lion, leopard and cheetah will be reintroduced to Majete while, with the completion of Many wildlife species had disappeared One of PAW’s Mwabvi conservation a 160-km electrified perimeter fence in and some deforestation had taken place. projects is the Predator Breeding 2008, the sanctuary fence will eventually The existing populations of Sable Programme. A breeding pair of White be removed allowing the wildlife free antelope, buffalo, Greater kudu, impala, lions was introduced in May 2010 as access to all parts of the reserve. nyala and bushbuck will be supplemented the foundation of the programme in Mwabvi Wildlife Reserve, in the with Black rhino, Blue wildebeest, zebra, collaboration with other protected southwest, is the smallest national lion, cheetah, leopard, eland, Spotted species breeding organisations. The lions EAST AFRICAN WILD LIFE SOCIETY 2011:1 – SWARA | 51 SPOTLIGHT Male nyala in the game re-introduction sanctuary in Majete Wildlife Reserve. carry the white recessive gene, with their reintroduction sanctuary is planned with such community projects to be developed fathers being pure white lions and their the long- term objective of bringing back in the country to obtain a financial benefit mothers a normal brown lion. This will the Black rhino. Kasungu NP was once the from wildlife for local people. increase the genetic pool of the white lion best place to see this species in Malawi. Malawi is readily accessible population worldwide. They will soon be Situated near Salima, the Kuti especially by air via Nairobi and has joined by two pure white females. Community Wildlife Park represents the an excellent road network that makes Other species to be introduced will natural bush, forests, grass and wetlands, visiting these conservation areas easy. include the black leopard, cheetah, which dominated the Lake Malawi flat With low gate fees and simple but good Wild Dog, serval and hyena. Some plains a few generations ago. The former accommodation, it is an inexpensive predators will be made available for sale government-owned, 3,000 – ha cattle option for wildlife enthusiasts. Following internationally under very strict controls. farm was taken over by the Wildlife the reintroductions, the game viewing White Bengal and Siberian tigers will Producers and Hunters Association of experience is rewarding and as the also be bred as part of an international Malawi some 10 years ago in order to ‘Malawi Makeover’ continues, it will get breeding programme to help increase the rehabilitate wildlife populations and even better. very endangered world tiger population. educate the local community about the In 2007, the Liwonde Rhino Sanctuary responsible use of natural resources supplied 68 Sable antelopes to the 960 by creating employment and income- km2 Vwaza Wildlife Reserve. Recent Wild earning opportunities. Dog sightings suggest they may be re- Giraffe, zebra, nyala, Sable antelope, FELIX Patton, a rhino ecologist colonising the reserve from Zambia. impalas, warthog and ostrich have been assisting with rhino monitoring at Vwaza has been earmarked reintroduced while naturally occurring Solio Game Reserve, Kenya and as a possible site for Black rhino game such as kudu, duiker, bushbuck, his techno-savvy partner, Petra reintroduction as has Kasungu National Genet cats, Civet cats, Bush pig and Campbell, spent two weeks on a Park, the second largest in Malawi at numerous bird species have multiplied in self-planned, self-drive safari in 2,316 km2 and still supporting a greater the protected environment. More game variety of large mammals than any of the introductions are planned when funds Malawi. country’s other protected areas. A wildlife are available. Kuti is a model for other 52 | SWARA – 2011:1 EAST AFRICAN WILD LIFE SOCIETY SPOTLIGHT The Rhinos of Malawi Black rhinos once inhabited most of Malawi with a USD 40 game licence required to shoot one. By 1932, Black rhinos were generally uncommon but found in the Kota-Kota and Ngara districts and around the Nyika Plateau. There were just two populations in 1988 of 10 to 20 individuals in Kasungu National Park, only found in the far west and thought to have crossed the border from Zambia, and six or seven in Mwabvi Reserve that might have crossed from Mozambique.
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