Neuroptera) of the Ussr 1

UDC 595.741 (47+57)

A REVIEW OF THE HEMEROBIIDAE (NEUROPTERA) OF THE USSR 1. THE GENERA Hemerobius, micromus, AND Paramicromus*

V. N. MAKARKIN

Soil Biology Institute, Far Eastern Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok

Among the 20 families of the order Neuroptera, the family Hemerobiidae is one of the largest in number of species (about 500) after the Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphi- dae and Chrysopidae. It is, along with the Myrmeleontidae, the largest in the USSR. It is rather evenly distributed in all zoogeographical provinces except the Austral- ian, where it is scantily represented.

The systematic study of the Hemerobiidae of the USSR was not developed early and almost all publications in recent times are in the nature of regional faunistic studies, some regions, for example Central Asia and Kazakhstan, being still virtu- ally unstudied. This contribution is the result of a study of the material in the collections of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Len- ingrad) and the Soil Biology Institute of its Far Eastern Science Center (Vladivos- tok) and a search of all pertinent literature. For economic reasons, localities of all studied material are cited if a species is new to or rare in the USSR fauna, while for all other species only a summary geographic statement is given. Species new to the USSR are indicated by an asterisk.

Designations of various parts of the genitalia are according to Tjeder (1961).

I am especially thankful to L. A. Zhil'tsova for great assistance extended to me while I was studying the collections in the Zoological Institute, and I am also very grateful to Dr. H. Holzel, Austria, for the loan of comparative Central Euro- pean material.

Subfamily HEMEROBIINAE Westwood, 1840

In the classification of Nakahara (1960) all USSR species pertain to this subfamily. Its division into tribes is encumbered with considerable isolation of most genera with regard to wing venation and genitalic structure. Only the genera with the largest number of veins (more than 5 branches of Rs), Drepanacra, Drepanepteryx, Neuronema, Megalomus, and a few others, apparently constitute a genetic unity. They are certainly of more ancient dominance at present than the genera with reduced venation (2-4 branches of Rs), Hemerobius, Wesmaelius, Synrpherobius and Micromus, which, however, differ more sharply from each other in genitalic structure, and their connections with the more fully veined genera are not clear. Therefore in the present work the commonly held point of view is maintained and they are not distinguish- ed as tribes.

*Originally published in Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, No. 1, 1985, pp. 158- 170.

99 1~~~0013-8738/85/0002-0099$7.50/0 0 1985 Scripta Technica, Inc. Fig. 1-9. Venation of forewings. 1) Drepanepteryx phalaenoides L.; 2) Psectra diptera Burm.; 3) Symphe- robius manchuricus Nak.; 4) Neuronema tjederi Kimm.; 5) Wesmaelius quadrifasciatus Rent. ; 6) Micromus paganus L.; 7) Hernerobius marginatus Steph.; 8) Parami- cromus dissimilis Nak. ; 9) Megalomus hi2.t~~L. ; rv) humeral vein; other designations standard.

KEY TO GENERA 0F.HEMEROBIIDAE OF THE USSR

Forewing with humeral vein ...... 2 Forewing without humeral vein ...... 7 Forewing with less than 5 branches of Rs ...... 3 Forewing with more than 5 branches of Rs ...... 5 Hindwing with outer series of crossveins lacking (Fig. 3) ...... 3. SyrnpherobiusBanks. Hindwing with outer series of crossveins present ...... 4

Forewing with basal crossvein between 1st branch of Rs and M (Fig. 5) ...... 2. WesrnaeZius Kr.

Forewing lacking basal crossvein between Rs and M (Fig. 7). 1. HernerobCus L. 5. Forewing with 2 well developed series of crossveins (Fig. 8)...... 8. MegalomusRamb. -- Forewing with 3 series of crossveins ...... 6

6. Forewing with complete series of crossveins in costal field; Rs with 10 or more branches (Fig. 1) ...... 9. Drepanepteryx Leach. -- Forewing without complete series of crossveins in costal fiels; Rs with 5 or a few more branches, apical branch usually with many branches (Fig. 4)...... 7. NeuronernaMacLachlan. 7. Forewing with single series of crossveins; Rs with 3 branches (Fig. 2)...... 4. PsectrnHagen.

-- Forewing with 2 series of crossveins; Rs with 3 or more branches...... 8

8. Costal field of forewing with series of crossveins (Fig. 9) ...... 6. ParamicromasNak. -- Costal field of forewing without series of crossveins (Fig. 6)...... 5. Microms Rambur.

1. Genus HEMEROBIUS Linnaeus, 1758

The genus includes 120-130 species, 18 of which are in the USSR. It is nearly cosmopolitan, but very poorly represented in the Indo-Malayan and the Australian Regions. The lists and keys do not include 3 species that have been previously listed from the USSR. The types of 2 species described from Central Asia, Hemero- Sius conspurcatus and B. trianguZaris, both by MacLachlan (1875) have not been found and there are no additional records of them in the literature. H. perelegans Ste- phens, 1836, has been found in Leningrad Province (Dorokhova, 1973) and in the Volga area (Kovrigina, 1978), but I have not been able to find the species in the Zoologi- cal Institute collections.

The genus has previously been divided into Brauerobius Kruger, 1922, a subgenus with 3 species, and the nominate subgenus containing the remaining European species (Kis, et al., 1970; Larant, 1980), but this arrangement is not followed here. The new subgenus Monorobius is set up, and the nominate subgenus is limited to species with a biapiculate ectoproct (anaprocessus and kataprocessus both well developed) and not fused at base into a paired part of the arcessus (= aedeagus of Nakahara, 1960).

KEY TO SUBGENERA OF HEMEROBIUS

1. Costal field of forewing strongly widened basally; ectoproct of d a broad plate (Fig. 26); paired parts of arcessus not fused ...... Brauerobius Kr. -- Costal field of forewing moderately widened; ectoproct otherwise ...... 2

2. Ectoproct of d with 2 tips, both anaprocessus and kataprocessus well developed (Fig. 10); paired parts of arcessus not fused at base, usually widely separated (Fig. 28-38) ...... Hemerobitts L.

-- Ectoproct with single tip (kataprocessus), anaprocessus in form of spine or lacking (Fig. 20-21); paired parts of arcessus fused at base (Fig. 40-45) ...... Monorobiussubg.n.

KEY TO USSR SPECIES OF HEMEROBIUS

1. Costal field of forewing strongly widened in basal half ...... 2 -- Costal field of forewing moderately widened ...... 3 Fig. 10-27. Hemerobius L. Tip of d abdomen in profile. 10) H. sigma Steph.; 11) H. nitidulus F.; 12) H. fenestra- rus Tjed. ; 13) H. montanus Kimm. ; 14) H. pini Steph.; 15) H. atrifrons MacL. ; 16) H. htcmulinus L. ; 17) H. japonicus Nak.; 18) H. simians Walk.; 19) H. fujimotoi Nak.; 20) H. subfalcatus Nak.; 21) H. gilvus Stein.; 22) H. lutescens F.; 23) H. micans 01.; 24) H. exotems Nav.; 25) H. poppii Esb.-Pet.; 26) H. tristriatus Kuw.; 27) H. marginatus Steph. 9T) tergite 9; 9s) sternite 9; AP) anaprocessus; KP) kataprocessus. 2. Forewing with 3 dark brown elongate stripes; body brown; d genitalia as in Fig. 26 and 37; length of forewing 7.0-7.8 mm ...... H. tristriatus Kuw. -- Forewing without stripes, with a few brownish apical spots; body from brownish yellow to green (in life); d genitalia as in Fig. 27 and 39; length of forewing 6.9-9.8mm ...... H. marginatus Steph.

3. Tergites 7 and 8 with long rusty dorsal hairs; hindmargin of forewing scarcely concave preapically; d genitalia as in Fig. 20 and 42; length of forewing 8.0- 8.2 mm ...... H. subfaZcatus Nak. -- All tergites with occasional moderately long hairs; hindmargin of wings not concave ...... 4

4. Hindmargin of forewing with distinct dark border, membrane somewhat darkened, with numerous sagittate brown spots; d genitalia as in Fig. 24 and 45; length of forewing 7.1-8.1 mm ...... H. ezoterus Nav. -- Hindmargin of forewing without distinct dark margin ...... 5

5. Forewing around basal crossveins between M2 and Cul with dark spot .....8 -- Forewing without such dark spot ...... 6

6. Longitudinal veins of forewing brown with black dots; d genitalia as in Fig. 14 and 31; Length of forewing 5.9-6.9 mm ...... H. nitiduius F. -- Longitudinal veins of forewing yellowish, with or without dark streaks ...7

7. Membrane of forewing without spots, longitudinal veins with dark streaks; d genitalia as in Fig. 23 and 35; length of forewing 6.0-7.6 mm ...H. micans 01. -- Forewing with brown transverse stripe in cubital field and hindmargin; longitudinal veins without distinct dark streaks; d genitalia as in Fig. 21 and 40; length of forewing 6.4 mm ...... H. gii-vus Stein.

8. Thorax unicolorous brown; d genitalia as in Fig. 10 and 30; length of forewing 7.0-7.8 mm ...... H. stigma Steph. -- Thorax with pale dorsal longitudinal stripe ...... 9

9. Frons black; d genitalia as in Fig. 15 and 29; length of forewing 6.9-8.1 mm ...... H.atrifronsMacL. -- Frons yellow to dark brown ...... 10

10. Membrane of forewing along hindmargin with alternating dark and pale zones. .14

-- Membrane of forewing along hindmargin uniformly brownish ...... 11

11. Forewing without spots, gradually darkening somewhat toward hindmargin . . 12 -- Forewing with spots ...... 13

12. Arcessus straight; d genitalia as in Fig. 17 and 36; length of forewing 6.0-8.3 mm...... B.japonicusNak.

-- Arcessus strongly bent dorsoventrally; d genitalia as in Fig. 13 and 34; length of forewing6.6-8.5mm...... H. montanusKimm.

13. Forewings with darkening of inner row of crossveins and spots on cubital vein forming distinct angulate pattern; d genitalia as in Fig. 12 and 33; length of forewing 6.7-8.5 mm ...... H. fenestratus MacL. -- Forewing with bright brown spots not forming definite pattern; d genitalia as in Fig. 14 and 28; length of forewing 6.7-7.7 mm ...... H. pin; Steph.

14. Forewing with crossvein between M2 and Cul and those between Cul and Cu2 in single line considerably proximal to base of 1st branch of Cu 15 1"'""' -- Forewing with those veins at considerable angle to each other and base of 1st branch of Cul ...... 16

15. Basal crossvein between R and Sc of forewing pale; d genitalia as in Fig. 22 and 41; length of forewing 7.0 mm ...... H. lutescens F.

-- This crossvein dark; d genitalia as in Fig. 16 and 32; length of forewing 6.2- 8.5 mm ...... B. hwnulinus L.

16. Forewing with membrane around all crossveins strongly darkened, dark brown or blackish ...... 17

- - Forewing with membrane around crossveins hardly darkened, brownish; d genitalia as in Fig. 25 and 43; length of forewing 6.4-8.2 mm ....H. poppii Esb.-Pet.

17. Paired parts of arcessus approximated basally, almost contiguous, d genitalia as in Fig. 18 and 44; length of forewing 7.1-9.0 mm .....H. simulans Walk.

-- Paired parts of arcessus broadly separated; d genitalia as in Fig. 19 and 38; length of forewing 7.2-8.5 mm ...... H. fdimotoi Nak.

Subgenus HEMEROBIUS Linnaeus, 1758

Type-species: H. hwnulinus Linnaeus, 1758.

Fig. 28-33. Gonarcus and arcessus of d in dorsal view. 28) H. pini Steph. ; 29) H. atrifrons MacL.; 30) H. stigma Steph. ; 31) H. nitidulus F.; 32) H. hwnulinus L.; 33) H. fenestratus Tjed. GO) gonarcus; AR) arcessus. This subgenus includes 30-35 authentic species in the Holarctic Region, almost all of moderately broad distribution; 14 of them are in the USSR.

Hagen, 1858: 131 (Leningrad, Irkutsk, Armenia); MacLachlan, 1875: 15 (Taijiki- stan); Navas, 19;l: 531 (Crimea); 1912: 419 (Maritime Terr.); 1925: 2 (Kamchatka); Esben-petersen, 1921: 40 (Irkutsk Prov., Maritime Terr.); Kuwayama, 1962: 253 (Sak- halin); Dorokhova, 1973: 317 (Leningrad Prov.); Pleshanov, 1974: 183 (Novosibirsk and Irkutsk Provs., Buryatia); Kovrigina, 1978: 748 (N Volga Region); Zakharenko, 1980a: 95 (Khar'kov Prov.); 1980b, 25 (Crimea); Zakharenko & Sedykh, 1981: 599 (Komi Buton. sSR). -- shikotanus Kuwayama, 1956: 77, f. 1; 1967: 65 (Shikotan), SYN. N.

Distribution. USSR: apparently uninterruptedly throughout except the coasts of the Polar Ocean and deserts and high mountains of Asia; Europe, N Africa, China, Korean Peninsula. N America.

Hemerobius shikitanus Kuw., described from Shikotan Lake, differs from H. hu- muZinus L. only in its more proximally situated crossvein between R and the distal branch of Rs. However, this character cannot be considered specific inasmuch as a from Kunashir Island belonging to H. humuZinus L. and examined by me, also has this vein displaced proximally.

Hemerobius (s. scr.) japonicus Nakahara, 1915.

Kuwayama, 1956: 77; 1967: 65 (Kunashir Island).

Material. Maritime Terr., Nakhodka, 7.1X.1980, 1 3; Vlagodatnoye, 6.VIII.1981, 1 d, 1 ?; Anisimovka, 16.VIII.1981, 3 d; Gamov Bay, 13-15.1X.1981, 6 d, 21 9 (Mak- arkin); Dmitriyevka, 3.IX.1981, 1 d (Kuznetsov).

Distribution. USSR: Maritime Terr., Kunashir Is. (Kunashir); Japan: Hokkaido, ~onshu,Shikoku, Kyushyu; ? China: Kansq, Szechwan.

* de,~t.?~obi;is(s. str.) montanus Kimmins, 1960.

Material. Kirgizia, Chatkal Reserve, 16.V.1980 (Kasparyan), 2 d; Kazakhstan, Alma-Ata Prov., 5 km SW Talgar, 3.VI.1979, 1 d, 1 P; 12 km SE Talgar, 4.VI.1979 (Kas- paryan), 2 d, 2 9; Ak-Kayly, 17.VI1.1978, 1 d; same, ll.VIII.1978, 1 d; Transili Alatau, 14.VII.1978 (Zhil'tsova), 1 d.

Distribution. USSR: Kirgizia, E Kazakhstan; Pakistan, China (Tibet).

H. japonicus Nak. and 8. montanus Kimm. do not differ at all externally, and very poorly in ecotoproctal structure. But, in the former the arcessus is straight and in the latter it is curved dorsoventrally. In the same way, the ectoproctal structures of H. feroz Tjeder, 1936, from Kansu) and H. bispinus Banks, 1940, from Szechwan, differ; in the former the arcessus is straight (Tjeder, 1936: pl. 9, Fig. 6). The species are apparently synonyms of H. japonicus; at least H. ferox is.

Hemerobius (s. str.) simuZans Waler, 1858.

Dorokhova, 1973: 317 (Leningrad Prov.); Pleshanov, 1974: 183 (Novosibirsk Prov., Irkutsk Prov., Krasnoyarsk Terr., Buryatia, Chita Prov.); Kovrigina, 1978: 748 (N Volga region); Zakharenko & Sedykh, 1981: 599 (Komi Auton. SSR). -- orotypus Wall.: MacLachlan, 1875: 14 (Tajikistan, ~zbekistan); -- piceus Navss, 1925: 2, f. 1 (Kam- chatka), SYN. N.

Distribution. USSR: broadly distributed in northern part of European zone of broadleaved forests, entire forested area of Siberia and the Far East, except on the Kunashir Islands; Europe, except southern areas; North America. Fig. 34-39. Hernerobius L. Gonarcus and arcessus in dorsal view, with 2 profile views (a). 34, 34a) H. montanus Kimm.; 35) H. micans 01.; 36, 36a) H. japonicus Nak.; 37) H. tristriatus Kuw. : 38) H. fujimotoi Nak. ; 39) H. marginatus Steph.

Fig. 40-45. Hemerobius L. Gonarcus and arcessus of d in dorsal view. 40) H. gilvus Stein.; 41) H. lutescens F.; 42) H. subfaZcatus Nak. ; 43) H. poppii Esb.-Pet. ; 44) H. simuZans Walk.; 45) H. exoterus Nav. * Hemerobius (s. str.) fujimotoi Nakahara, 1960. Material. Gruzia, Abkhazia, Anchkho Pass, 1800 m, 26.VIII.1958 (Zhil'tsova), 1 d, 1 9; Stavropol' Terr., Teberda, 27.1.1959, under bark of fir (Arens & Vito- vich), 2 d, 3 9; Irkutsk Prov., Lake Baikal, Listvennichnoye, 5.VIII.1958 (Kiri- chenko), 1 d.

Distribution. USSR: W Caucasus, Irkutsk Prov.; Japan; Hokkaido, Honshu.

iiemerobius (s. str .) nitiduZus Fabricius, 1777.

Hagen, 1858: 131 (Leningrad); MacLachlan, 1875: 14 (Tajikistan); Navds, 1925: 2 (Kamchatka); Dorokhova, 1973: 317 (Leningrad Prov.); Pleshanov, 1975: 184 (Kras- noyarsk Terr., Irkutsk Prov., Buryatia); Kovrigina, 1978: 748 (C Volga region); Zakharenko & Sedykh, 1981: 599 (Komi Auton. SSR).

Distribution. USSR: Leningrad Prov., Pskov Prov., Karelian Auton. SSR (Vygo- zero), Latvia, Komi Auton. SSR, Khar'kov Prov., C Volga area,NorthOssetian Auton. SSR (Upper Sadon), Checheno-Ingush Auton. SSR (Salgi), E Kazakhstan (Samarskiy [Dist.]), Krasnoyarsk Terr., Irkutsk Prov., Buryatia, Yakutia, Kamchatka, Kuril Islands (Paramushir); Europe.

Hemerobius (s. str.) stigma Stephens, 1836

Dorokhova, 1973: 317 (Leningrad Prov.), Pleshanov, 1974: 184 (Irkutsk Prov., Buryatia); Kovrigina, 1978: 748 (C Volga area); Zakharenko, 1980a: 95 (Khar'kov Prov.).

Distribution. USSR: Leningrad, Murmansk, Arkhangel'sk, and Khar'koy Provs., Transcarpathia, C Volga area, Kazakhstan (Transili Alatau), Irkutsk Prov., Buryatia, Chita and Amur Provs., Kamchatka (Ketachan, Tilichiki, Esso), Sakhalin (Hovo-Alek- sandrovsk); Europe, Madeira, Azores, Japan, North America.

"emerobius (s. str. ) fenestratus Tjeder, 1932.

Material. Kalinin Prov., Vologoye, 4.VIII.1924 (L. Bianki), 1 ?; Pushkin, IX (Dorokhova), 1 a'; Maritime Terr., Anisimovka, 16.VIII.1981, 1 9; 10 km NW Ussuriysk, ll.IX.1976 (Makarkin), 1 9; Sakhalin Is., 5 km W Ozersk, 12.VIII.1981 (Belokobyl1- skiy), 1 d; Novo-Aleksandrovsk, 28.VI.1973 (Kasparyan), 1 9; Kunashir Is., 7 km S Mendeleyevo, 2.VIII.1981, 1 d, 1 9; Golovnin volcano, 28.VII.1981 (Belokobyl'skiy), 1 d.

Distribution. USSR: Leningrad Prov., Maritime Terr., Sakhalin, Kuril Islands (Kunashir); C and N Europe.

Hemerobius (s. str.) pini Stephens, 1836.

Esben-Petersen, 1921: 40 (Krasnoyarsk Terr.); Dorokhova, 1973: 317 (Leningrad Prov.); Kovrigina, 1978: 748 (C Volga area); Zakharenko & Sedykh, 1981: 599 (Komi Auton. SSR).

Distribution. USSR: Leningrad, Arkhangel'sk, Murmansk Provs., Komi Auton. SSR, Latvia, Transcarpathia (Yasin', 1800 m), C Volga area, Chelyhinsk Prov. (Tro- itsk); authentic records from east of the Urals not known to me; Europe, except the southernmost regions.

Hernerobius (s. str.) atrifrons MacLachlan, 1868. Dorokhova, 1973: 317 (Leningrad Prov.); Pleshanov, 1974: 183 (Krasnoyarsk Terr., Irkutsk Prov., Buryatia); Kovrigina, 1978: 748 (C Volga area).

Material. About 40 spms from various parts of the country.

Distribution.-. - USSR: Leningrad and Murmansk Provs., C Volga area, Taymyr Auton. Region (Noril'sk), Tuva Auton. SSR (Mongun-Tayga), Tyumen' Prov., Krasnovarsk Prov., Irkutsk Prov., Buryatia, Amur Prov. (Shimanovsk), Khabarovsk Terr. (Birakan, Bolt- shekhekhtsir Reserve, Gornyy, Amur estuary), Magadan Prov. (Kolym highlands), Kam- chatka (Kozyrevsk), Sakhalin (Tymovskiy, Ozerskiy).

Hemerobius (s. str .) micans Olivier, 1792.

Nav%s, 1911: 531; Zakharenko, 1980b: 26 (Crimea).

Material. 30 spms. from Transcarpathia and the Caucasus.

Distribution. Transcarpathia, Crimea, Armenia (Kizildash, Akhtala), Gruzia (Bakuriani), Dagestan (Tebet River, Khuzakh), Checheno-Ingush Auton. SSR (Salgi).

Subgenus BRAUEROBIUS Kriiger, 1922

Type-species: Hemerobius marginatus Stephens, 1836.

The subgenus includes 3 ,species (2 in the USSR). The species H. costaZis Car- penter, 1940, closely related to H. marginatus Steph., inhabits North America. The subgenus is thus restricted to the Holarctic Region.

Hemerobius (Brazierobius) marginatus Stephens, 1836.

Esben-Petersen, 1921: 40 (Maritime Terr.); Navgs, 1925: 2 (Kamchatka); Doro- khova, 1973: 316 (Leningrad Prov.); Pleshanov, 1974: 185 (Novosibirsk Terr.; Chita Prov.; Buryatia); Kovrigina, 1978: 748 (C Volga area); Zakharenko & Sedykh, 1982: 599 (Yamalo-Nenets Auton. Region).

Material. About 200 spms. from various parts of the country.

Distribution. USSR: Leningrad Prov.; Karelia; Latvia; Belorussia; Transcarpa- this; Bryansk, Kirov, Moscow, Ul'yanovsk and Kuybyshev Provs.; Bashkiria; Yamalo- Nenets Auton. Region; Novosibirsk Prov.; Krasnoyarsk Terr.; Chita Prov.; Buryatia; Yakutia; Kamchatka; Magadan Prov.; Khabarovsk. Terr.; Maritime Terr.; Sakhalin Is.; Europe, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu) .

Hemerobius (Brauerobius) tristriatus Kuwayama, 1954.

Kuwayama, 1954: 97 (Sakhalin).

Material. Maritime Terr., Shkotovo Dist., Krinichnaya Mt., 1200 m, 17.VIII. 1972 (Kuslitskiy), 1 9; Anisimovka, 13-16.VIII.1981, 6 9; Kedrovaya Pad' Reserve, 26.VIII.1981 (Makarkin), 7 9; Khrustal'nyy, 13.VIII.1977 (Meshcheryakov), 1 9; Ussurian Reserve, 26.VII.1972 (Kuslitskiy), 1 9; Sakhalin, 5 km W Ozerskiy, 11.VIII. 1981 (Belokobyl'skiy), 1 9; Kholmsk, 10.VI.1970 (Dorokhov), 1 0; Kunashir, Alekhino, 31.VIII.1981 (Belokobyl'skiy), 2 a', 1 9; Shikotan Is., Malo-Kuril'sk, 13.VIII.1971 (Yermolenko), 1 9.

Distribution. USSR: Sakhalin, Kuril Islands (Kunashir, Shikotan); Maritime Terr.; Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu. Subgenus MONOROBIUS Makarkin, subg. n.

Type-species: Hemerobius lutescens Fabricius, 1793.

Six species have been confirmed as belonging to this subgenus, 5 of them in the USSR and 1 (H. dorsatus Banks, 1904) in North America. The subgenus is Holarc- tic; a diagnosis of it is given in the foregoing key. It is close to a group of species of the southern hemisphere in ectoproctal structure, all of those species South African, except a few from Australia and South America; this group also has reduced anaprocessus but differs in the structure of the arcessus. New (1981) di- vides this group of species, setting those of the northern hemisphere with both anaprocessus and kataprocessus well developed apart (subgenus Hemerobius in our system), but not assigning it any taxonomic rank. It is possible that the group constitutes a 4th subgenus of Henierobius.

.Fiemerobius (I~Jonorobi~is)Zzltescens Fabricius , 1793.

Hagen, 1858: 130 (Leningrad, "Irtysh") ; Dorokhova, 1973: 316 (Leningrad Prov.) ; Kovrigina, 1978: 748 (Volga area); Zakharenko, 1980a: 95 (Khar'kov Prov.).

Material. Armenia, Gori Dist., Shurnukh, 7.1X.1956 (Tryapitsin), 1 d.

Distribution. USSR: Leningrad Prov., Volga area, Khar'kov Prov., Armenia; Europe. Judging by the fact that Dorokhova (1973) and Kovrigina (1978) cite a large amount of material of this species, it must be common in the European USSR. Never- theless, I found in the collections of the Zool. Inst. only the above-cited speci- men. The report of the species from Mongolia (Steinmann, 1965) needs confirmation.

* Hemerobiua (Mo?zorobiusi giZvus Stein, 1863.

Material. Armenia, Gori Dist., Shurnukh, 6.1X.1956 (Tryapitsin), 1 d

---Distribution. USSR: Armenia; S and C Europe, Asia Minor.

* Hemerobius (Monorobiusi exotems Navds, 1936.

Material. Maritime Terr., Nakhodka, 26.VII-7.1X.1980, 7 d; Vladivostok, 10. IX-29.IX.1980 (Makarkin), 13 d, 17 P.

Distribution. USSR: Maritime Terr.; China: Kuling.

In the description of this species of Navas (1936: 5), the following characters are cited as distinctive: "cercas supsrioribus d (our 'ectoprocts') conical, elongate, tips turned inward; outer and posterior margins of forewing with narrow brown border." Material I have examined agrees well with the description, but there is no assurance that it is identical. Location of the type is unknown.

* Hemerobius (Monorobiusi subfaZcatus Nakahara, 1960.

Material. Sakhalin, 31 km S Nevei'sk, 16.VII.1981 (Kononenko) 1 d; "Saghalien Central Exp. Sta., 21.VIII.1933", 1 0.

Distribution. USSR: Sakhalin; Japan: Hokkaido.

Hemerobius (Monorobiusi poppii Esben-Petersen, 1921.

Esben-Petersen, 1921: 40 (Irkutsk Prov., Yakutia); Kozhanchikov, 1953 (Tyumen1 Prov.); Pleshanov, 1974: 183 (Irkutsk Prov., Buryatia, Chita Prov.).

Material. Tuva Auton. SSR, Mongun-Tayga, 24.VI.1976 (Kostyuk), 1 d; Altay, 10 km W Tashanty, Chuy steppe, 9.VIII.1964 (Kerzhner), 1 d; Magadan Prov., Sibit- Tyellakh, 8.VII.1977, 1 d, 1 ?; Aborigen Station, 10.VIII.1977, 1 9; Kolyma River, 35 km below Vetrenyy, 3.VII.1977, 1 ?; lower course of Detrin River, 5.VII.1977, 1 ? (Zhil' tsova) . Distribution. USSR: Tyumen' Prov. (Tobol'sk), Altay Terr. Tuva Auton. SSR, Irkutsk Prov., Buryatia, Yakutia, Chita Prov., Magadan Prov.; China, Mongolia.

5. Genus MICROMUS Rambur, 1842

Type-species: Hernerobius variegatus Fabricius, 1793.

The genus includes at least 80 species (3 in the USSR). It is of nearly world- wide distribution, but not so far recorded from the southern half of South America, as defined by Tjeder (1961). Fragmentation of the genus into a large number of genera, as proposed by Nakahara (1960), is in our opinion unfortunate.

KEY TO SPECIES OF MICROMUS

1. Forewing with 3 branches of Rs, narrow, at least 3s as long as wide; d with ectoproct as in Fig. 47; length of forewing 6.1-7.0 mm .... M. variegatus F. -- Forewing with 4 or more branches of Rs, 2.5~as long as wide ...... 2

2. Forewing with 4 branches of Rs; ectoproct as in Fig. 48; length of forewing 5.2- 7.6 mm ...... M. angulatus Steph. -- Forewing with 5 branches of Rs; ectoproct as in Fig. 46; length of forewing 7.5- 10.9mm ...... M.paganusL.

Micrornus variegatus (Fabricius, 1793).

Navhs, 1911: 531 (Crimea); Zeleny, 1963: 57.

Distribution. USSR: Transcarpathia, Crimea, Dagestan (Derbent, Gunib), Azer- bayjan (Lenkoran'), Armenia (Kizildash), Nakhichevan Auton. SSR (Ordubad, Chananab), Karachayevo-Cherkes Auton. Prov. (Krasnogorskaya), Kazakhstan (Aksu-Dzhabagli Re- serve), Maritime Terr. (Vladivostok, Ussurian Reserve); Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushyu) .

Micrornus angulatus (Stephens, 1836)

Nav&s, 1912: 420 (Maritime Terr.); Kuwayama, 1962: 350 (Ewnicrornus, Sakhalin); Dorokhova, 1973: 316 (Leningrad Prov.); Pleshanov, 1974: 182 (Ewnicrornus, Novosi- birsk Prov., Kemerovo Prov., Gorno-Altay Auton. Prov. Krasnoyarsk Terr., Irkutsk Prov. Buryatia, Chira Prov.); Kovrigina, 1978: 748 (C Volga area), Zakharenko, 1980a: 85 (Khar'kov Prov.); 1980b: 25 (Crimea); Zakharenko & Sedykh, 1981: 598 (Komi Auton. SSR). -- viZZosus Zett.: Arnol'di, 1902: 75 (Mogilev Prov.). -- aphidivoms Schrank: Navss, 1911: 531 (Crimea); 1925: 3 (Kamchatka).

Distribution. USSR: occurs practically uninterruptedly throughout the country, but not so far reported from Central Asia west of 70° long nor in Asia north of the Polar Circle; entire Europe, North Africa, Japan, North America.

Micromus paganus (Linnaeus, 1767).

NavPs, 1925: 3 (Kamchatka); Kuwayama, 1956: 78 (Ewnicromus, Kunashir); Doro- khova, 1973: 316 (Leningrad Prov.); Pleshanov, 1974: 183 (Ewnicrornus, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, and Chita Provs., Buryatia); Kovrigina, 1978: 748 (C. Volga area); Zakha- Fig. 46-49. Ectoproct and tergite 9 of d in profile. 46) Micrornus paganus L. ; 47) M. variegatus F.; 48) M. angulatus Steph.; 49) Parmicrornus dissirnilis Nak. 9T) tergite 9; EK) ectoproct.

renko & Sedykh, 1981: 598 (Komi Auton. SSR). -- alpinus Nak.: Kuwayama, 1956: 78 (Ewnicrornus, Paramushir, Sakhalin).

Distribution. Leningrad and Novgorod Provs., Karelia, Komi Auton. SSR, Mos- cow Prov., Bashkiria (Aksenovo), C Volga area, Transcarpathia, Dagestan (Gunib), Karachayevo-Cherkes Auton. Prov. (Teberda), Novosibirsk and Tomsk Provs., Krasno- yarsk Terr. (Bunbuy), Irkutsk and Chita Provs., Buryatia, Kazakhstan (Alma-Ata Re- serve, Burovoye), Amur Prov., Khabarovsk Terr., Matitime Terr., Kamchatka, Kuril Islands (Kunashir, Urup, Paramushir), Sakhalin.

6. PARAMICROMUS Nakahara, 1916

Type-species: Ewnicrornus dissirnilis Nakahara, 1915.

The genus includes 2 species, one of which is found in the USSR. Phlebiornus (= Parmicrornus) yunnanus NavBs, 1923 was described from Yunnan, China. The genus is restricted to Eastern Asia.

Purwnicrornus dissirnilis (Nakahara, 1915).

Kuwayama, 1962: 351 (Sakhalin).

Material. Kuril Islands, Iturup Is., Goryachiye Klyunchi, 14.VII.1963 (Krivo- lutskaya), 1 9; Kunashir Is., 10 km S Yuzhno-Kuril'sk, 20.VII.1981, 1 spm.; Serno- vodsk, 23.VII.1981, 2 spms.; Golovnino, 20.VII.1981 (Belokobyl'skiy), 4 spms. Ecto- proct of d as in Fig. 49; length of forewing 7.9-10.8 mm.

Distribution. USSR: Sakhalin Is., Kuril Islands (Iturup, Kunashir; Japan; Hok- kaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushyu. LITERATURE CITED*

ARNOL'DI, N. 1902. Catalogue of insects of Mogilev Government. [In Russ.]. St. Petersburg.

BANKS, N. 1940. Report on certain groups of Neuropteroid insects from Szechwan, China. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 88 (no. 3079): 181-194.

CARPENTER, F. M. 1940. A revision of the Nearctic Hemerobiidae, Berothidae, Sisy- ridae, Polistoechotidae and Dilaridae (Neuroptera). Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Scis. 74: 193-280.

DOROKHOVA, G. I. 1973. Review of the Neuropteroidea of Leningrad Province. [In Russ.]. Entomol. Obozr. 52: 313-323.

ESBEN-PETERSEN, P. 1921. Notes concerning some Neuroptera in the Helsingfors Mu- seum together with a description of Hemerobius poppii. Notul. Entomol. 1: 38- 43.

HAGEN, H. A. 1858. Russlands Neuropteren. Stettin. Entomol. Ztg. 19: 110-134.

KIMMINS, D. E. 1960. Two new species of Hemerobiidae (Order Neuroptera) from Paki- stan. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 13) 3: 338-342.

KIS, B., C. NAGLER and C. MANDRU. 1970. Neuroptera (Planipennis). Fauna Rep. Soc. Roman., Insecta 8 (6).

KOVRIGINA, A. M. 1978. Neuropteroides of the Central Volga region. [In Russ.]. Entomol. Obozr. 57: 746-751.

KOZHANCHIKOV, I. V. 1953. Neuroptera. [In Russ.]. Zhivot. Mir SSSR 4.

KUWAYAMA, S. 1954. Neuroptera--Planipennia from the Daisettsuzan National Park, Hokkaido, Japan. Ins. Matsumurana 18: 94-102.

KUWAYAMA, S. 1956. Further studies on the Neuroptera--Planipennia of the Kurile Islands. Ins. Matsumurana 20: 77-82.

KUWAYAMA, S. 1963. Revisional synopsis of the Neuroptera in Japan. Pac. Ins. 4: 325-412.

MacLACHLAN, P. 1875. Neuroptera. [In Russ.]. Putesh. v Turkestan A. P. Fedchenko 2 (pt. 5, sec. 5): 1-24. St. Petersburg.

NAKAHARA, W. 1960. Systematic studies on the Hemerobiidae. Mushi 34: 1-69.

PLESHANOV, A. S. 1974. Review of the Neuroptera of Siberia and the Far East. [In Russ.]. In: Fauna Nasek. Vost. Sibir. Dal'n. Vost.: 180-193. Irkutsk.

STEINMANN, H. 1965. Ergebnisse der Zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 60. Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae. Reichenbachia 7: 179-190.

TJEDER, B. 1936. Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestliche Provinzen Chinas. Ark. Zool. 29A: 1-36.

TJEDER, B. 1961. Neuroptera Planipennia. IV. Hemerobiidae. In: So. Afr. Animal Life 8: 296-408.

ZAKHARENKO, A. V. 1980a. Neuroptera of Khar'kov Province. [In Russ.]. Entomol. Obozr. 59: 92-96.

"Larant, 1980, and New, 1981, not included. ZAKHARENKO, A. V. 1980b. Neuroptera of the Crimea. [In Russ.]. Tez. Dokl. 2-go Srtyezda YEO, Uzhgorod: 25-27.

ZAKHARENKO, A. V. and K. F. SEDYKH. 1981. Neuroptera of the Komi Autonomous SSR. [In Russ.]. Entomol. Obozr. 50: 598-600.

ZELENY, J. 1963. Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) from Czechoslovakia. Cas. Cesk. Spol. Entomol. 60: 55-67.

FROM THE SOVIET FAR EAST*

A. V. PLUTENKO

Far-Eastern State University, Vladivostok

The scorpion flies of the Far East have been especially little studied. Marty- nova (1954, 1957, 1959) has given a review of Far Eastern species. The basis of the present work is the study of a collection made by the author in the Far East during 1979-1981 and those of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad, the Soil Science Institute of the Far-East Science Center of the Academy, Vladivostok, and the zoological museums of Moscow and Kiev Universities. Two new species are described and 2 new records of species for the USSR are noted. The holotypes of the new species are deposited in the Zoological Institute in Len- ingrad and paratypes there and in the collections of the Far-East Science Center in Vladivostok. The author is grateful to L. A. Zhil'tsova for making work on the collections in the Zoological Institute feasible.

BITTACIDAE

Bittacus ussuriensis Plutenko, sp. n. -Male. Pterostigma sharply developed posteriorly with 1 transverse pterostig- ma1 vein; vein 1A of forewing considerably closer to 2A than to Cu2, of hindwing at equal distance. Forewing 16.8-17.5 mm long by 4.2-4.4 mm wide; hindwing 14.9-15.8 rnrn long by 3.6-3.8 mm wide. Tip of tergite VIII with broad triangular emargination; tergite IX irregular in profile (Fig. l), in dorsal view as in Fig. 2. Basistyle as in Fig. 1; aedeagus without lateral lobate processes at base of filum, latter a long, spirally coiled filament (Fig. 1, 3). Anal structures as in Fig. 4, 5. Length of body 14.0-14.5 mm.

*Originally published in Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, No. 1, 1985, pp. 171- 176.

113 1~~~0013-8738/85/0002-0113$7.50/0 o 1985 Scripta Technica, Inc. Bibliography of the Neuropterida

Bibliography of the Neuropterida Reference number (r#): 3979

Reference Citation: Makarkin, V. N. 1985 [1985.??.??]. Obzor setchatokrylykh sem. Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) fauny SSSR. I. Rody Hemerobius L., Micromus Ramb. i Paramicromus Nakah. [=Review of lacewings of the family Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) of the fauna of the USSR. I. The genera Hemerobius L., Micromus Ramb., and Paramicromus Nakah.]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 64:158-170.

Copyrights: Any/all applicable copyrights reside with, and are reserved by, the publisher(s), the author(s) and/or other entities as allowed by law. No copyrights belong to the Bibliography of the Neuropterida. Work made available through the Bibliography of the Neuropterida with permission(s) obtained, or with copyrights believed to be expired.

Notes: Transliterated and translated Russian title from V. N. Makarkin, pers com. English translation: 1985, Entomological Review 64(2):99-113.

File: File produced for the Bibliography of the Neuropterida (BotN) component of the Global Lacewing Digital Library (GLDL) Project, 2007.