UDC 595.741 (47+57) A REVIEW OF THE HEMEROBIIDAE (NEUROPTERA) OF THE USSR 1. THE GENERA Hemerobius, micromus, AND Paramicromus* V. N. MAKARKIN Soil Biology Institute, Far Eastern Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok Among the 20 families of the order Neuroptera, the family Hemerobiidae is one of the largest in number of species (about 500) after the Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphi- dae and Chrysopidae. It is, along with the Myrmeleontidae, the largest in the USSR. It is rather evenly distributed in all zoogeographical provinces except the Austral- ian, where it is scantily represented. The systematic study of the Hemerobiidae of the USSR was not developed early and almost all publications in recent times are in the nature of regional faunistic studies, some regions, for example Central Asia and Kazakhstan, being still virtu- ally unstudied. This contribution is the result of a study of the material in the collections of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Len- ingrad) and the Soil Biology Institute of its Far Eastern Science Center (Vladivos- tok) and a search of all pertinent literature. For economic reasons, localities of all studied material are cited if a species is new to or rare in the USSR fauna, while for all other species only a summary geographic statement is given. Species new to the USSR are indicated by an asterisk. Designations of various parts of the genitalia are according to Tjeder (1961). I am especially thankful to L. A. Zhil'tsova for great assistance extended to me while I was studying the collections in the Zoological Institute, and I am also very grateful to Dr. H. Holzel, Austria, for the loan of comparative Central Euro- pean material. Subfamily HEMEROBIINAE Westwood, 1840 In the classification of Nakahara (1960) all USSR species pertain to this sub- family. Its division into tribes is encumbered with considerable isolation of most genera with regard to wing venation and genitalic structure. Only the genera with the largest number of veins (more than 5 branches of Rs), Drepanacra, Drepanepteryx, Neuronema, Megalomus, and a few others, apparently constitute a genetic unity. They are certainly of more ancient dominance at present than the genera with reduced ve- nation (2-4 branches of Rs), Hemerobius, Wesmaelius, Synrpherobius and Micromus, which, however, differ more sharply from each other in genitalic structure, and their connections with the more fully veined genera are not clear. Therefore in the pre- sent work the commonly held point of view is maintained and they are not distinguish- ed as tribes. *Originally published in Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, No. 1, 1985, pp. 158- 170. 99 1~~~0013-8738/85/0002-0099$7.50/0 0 1985 Scripta Technica, Inc. Fig. 1-9. Venation of forewings. 1) Drepanepteryx phalaenoides L.; 2) Psectra diptera Burm.; 3) Symphe- robius manchuricus Nak.; 4) Neuronema tjederi Kimm.; 5) Wesmaelius quadrifasciatus Rent. ; 6) Micromus pa- ganus L.; 7) Hernerobius marginatus Steph.; 8) Parami- cromus dissimilis Nak. ; 9) Megalomus hi2.t~~L. ; rv) humeral vein; other designations standard. KEY TO GENERA 0F.HEMEROBIIDAE OF THE USSR Forewing with humeral vein ........................ 2 Forewing without humeral vein ....................... 7 Forewing with less than 5 branches of Rs ................. 3 Forewing with more than 5 branches of Rs ................. 5 Hindwing with outer series of crossveins lacking (Fig. 3) ........... ........................... 3. SyrnpherobiusBanks. Hindwing with outer series of crossveins present ............. 4 Forewing with basal crossvein between 1st branch of Rs and M (Fig. 5) ..... .............................. 2. WesrnaeZius Kr. Forewing lacking basal crossvein between Rs and M (Fig. 7). 1. HernerobCus L. 5. Forewing with 2 well developed series of crossveins (Fig. 8). ......... ............................. 8. MegalomusRamb. -- Forewing with 3 series of crossveins ....................6 6. Forewing with complete series of crossveins in costal field; Rs with 10 or more branches (Fig. 1) .................. 9. Drepanepteryx Leach. -- Forewing without complete series of crossveins in costal fiels; Rs with 5 or a few more branches, apical branch usually with many branches (Fig. 4). ..... ...........................7. NeuronernaMacLachlan. 7. Forewing with single series of crossveins; Rs with 3 branches (Fig. 2). .... .............................. 4. PsectrnHagen. -- Forewing with 2 series of crossveins; Rs with 3 or more branches. ......8 8. Costal field of forewing with series of crossveins (Fig. 9) .......... .............................6. ParamicromasNak. -- Costal field of forewing without series of crossveins (Fig. 6). ........ ............................. 5. Microms Rambur. 1. Genus HEMEROBIUS Linnaeus, 1758 The genus includes 120-130 species, 18 of which are in the USSR. It is nearly cosmopolitan, but very poorly represented in the Indo-Malayan and the Australian Regions. The lists and keys do not include 3 species that have been previously listed from the USSR. The types of 2 species described from Central Asia, Hemero- Sius conspurcatus and B. trianguZaris, both by MacLachlan (1875) have not been found and there are no additional records of them in the literature. H. perelegans Ste- phens, 1836, has been found in Leningrad Province (Dorokhova, 1973) and in the Volga area (Kovrigina, 1978), but I have not been able to find the species in the Zoologi- cal Institute collections. The genus has previously been divided into Brauerobius Kruger, 1922, a subgenus with 3 species, and the nominate subgenus containing the remaining European species (Kis, et al., 1970; Larant, 1980), but this arrangement is not followed here. The new subgenus Monorobius is set up, and the nominate subgenus is limited to species with a biapiculate ectoproct (anaprocessus and kataprocessus both well developed) and not fused at base into a paired part of the arcessus (= aedeagus of Nakahara, 1960). KEY TO SUBGENERA OF HEMEROBIUS 1. Costal field of forewing strongly widened basally; ectoproct of d a broad plate (Fig. 26); paired parts of arcessus not fused .........Brauerobius Kr. -- Costal field of forewing moderately widened; ectoproct otherwise ......2 2. Ectoproct of d with 2 tips, both anaprocessus and kataprocessus well developed (Fig. 10); paired parts of arcessus not fused at base, usually widely separated (Fig. 28-38) .......................... Hemerobitts L. -- Ectoproct with single tip (kataprocessus), anaprocessus in form of spine or lacking (Fig. 20-21); paired parts of arcessus fused at base (Fig. 40-45) ... ............................ ..Monorobiussubg.n. KEY TO USSR SPECIES OF HEMEROBIUS 1. Costal field of forewing strongly widened in basal half ...........2 -- Costal field of forewing moderately widened .................3 Fig. 10-27. Hemerobius L. Tip of d abdomen in profile. 10) H. sigma Steph.; 11) H. nitidulus F.; 12) H. fenestra- rus Tjed. ; 13) H. montanus Kimm. ; 14) H. pini Steph.; 15) H. atrifrons MacL. ; 16) H. htcmulinus L. ; 17) H. japonicus Nak.; 18) H. simians Walk.; 19) H. fujimotoi Nak.; 20) H. subfalcatus Nak.; 21) H. gilvus Stein.; 22) H. lutescens F.; 23) H. micans 01.; 24) H. exotems Nav.; 25) H. poppii Esb.-Pet.; 26) H. tristriatus Kuw.; 27) H. marginatus Steph. 9T) tergite 9; 9s) sternite 9; AP) anaprocessus; KP) kata- processus. 2. Forewing with 3 dark brown elongate stripes; body brown; d genitalia as in Fig. 26 and 37; length of forewing 7.0-7.8 mm .........H. tristriatus Kuw. -- Forewing without stripes, with a few brownish apical spots; body from brownish yellow to green (in life); d genitalia as in Fig. 27 and 39; length of forewing 6.9-9.8mm ....................... H. marginatus Steph. 3. Tergites 7 and 8 with long rusty dorsal hairs; hindmargin of forewing scarcely concave preapically; d genitalia as in Fig. 20 and 42; length of forewing 8.0- 8.2 mm .......................... H. subfaZcatus Nak. -- All tergites with occasional moderately long hairs; hindmargin of wings not con- cave .................................... 4 4. Hindmargin of forewing with distinct dark border, membrane somewhat darkened, with numerous sagittate brown spots; d genitalia as in Fig. 24 and 45; length of forewing 7.1-8.1 mm ................... H. ezoterus Nav. -- Hindmargin of forewing without distinct dark margin .............5 5. Forewing around basal crossveins between M2 and Cul with dark spot .....8 -- Forewing without such dark spot .......................6 6. Longitudinal veins of forewing brown with black dots; d genitalia as in Fig. 14 and 31; Length of forewing 5.9-6.9 mm ............ H. nitiduius F. -- Longitudinal veins of forewing yellowish, with or without dark streaks ...7 7. Membrane of forewing without spots, longitudinal veins with dark streaks; d gen- italia as in Fig. 23 and 35; length of forewing 6.0-7.6 mm ...H. micans 01. -- Forewing with brown transverse stripe in cubital field and hindmargin; longitud- inal veins without distinct dark streaks; d genitalia as in Fig. 21 and 40; length of forewing 6.4 mm .................. H. gii-vus Stein. 8. Thorax unicolorous brown; d genitalia as in Fig. 10 and 30; length of forewing 7.0-7.8 mm ......................... H. stigma Steph. -- Thorax with pale dorsal longitudinal stripe .................9 9. Frons black; d genitalia as in Fig. 15 and 29; length of forewing 6.9-8.1 mm . .............................. H.atrifronsMacL. -- Frons yellow to dark brown ........................ 10 10. Membrane of forewing along hindmargin with alternating