Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2015) 39: 15-27 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1305-43

Fauna of the Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, ) of the Protected Area Jasen, Macedonia: a summer flash

1, 1 2 1 Dušan DEVETAK *, Vesna KLOKOČOVNIK , Hubert RAUSCH , Franc JANŽEKOVIČ 1 Department of Biology and Institute of Biology, Ecology, and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia 2 Mostviertel Natural History Society, Scheibbs, Austria

Received: 28.05.2013 Accepted: 30.04.2014 Published Online: 02.01.2015 Printed: 30.01.2015

Abstract: The study was carried out in order to determine the species of the superorder Neuropterida in the Protected Area Jasen, Central Macedonia. In July 2011, net sampling was used to obtain the Neuropterida from various habitats in the area. A total of 44 species from 10 families were determined, and 17 of these species were new records for the Macedonian fauna. Notes on ecology and altitudinal distribution of the Neuropterida in the area are also provided.

Key words: Neuropterida, Neuroptera, Raphidioptera, new records, Macedonia

1. Introduction formed the canyon and 2 artificial lakes are located in The neuropterid fauna of Macedonia was insufficiently the area, Lake and Lake Matka. The majority of investigated up to now, and only sporadic papers on Jasen is characterized by various forest types, including species occurrence in the country existed (for review, deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forests (Trpkov et al., see Devetak, 1992; Aspöck et al., 2001). To date, 8 1997). Raphidioptera and 42 Neuroptera species have been In July 2011 zoologists from the Department recorded from Macedonia (Aspöck and Aspöck, 1969; of Biology of the University of Maribor collected Gepp, 1972; Saure, 1989; Devetak, 1992; Aspöck et al., neuropterid in the area of Jasen with the aim 2001). of contributing to the knowledge of the biodiversity of Macedonia is well known according to its national this protected area in Macedonia. parks and protected areas. The Protected Area Jasen 2. Materials and methods was established by governmental decision in 2005. Adult Neuropterida were collected using an insect The Forest Reserve Jasen was transformed into the net or were picked by hand from a light source, while Public Enterprise for Managing and Protection of antlion larvae were excavated from their pits using the Multipurpose Area Jasen (JPUZPP Jasen). The a spoon. Specimens were preserved in ethanol and multipurpose area is a special category of protected deposited in the first and second authors’ collection. area under the Law on Nature Protection (Official Nomenclature and is used in accordance Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia, No. 67/04). with Aspöck et al. (1980, 2001), Monserrat and Díaz- The Protected Area Jasen, positioned in Central Aranda (2012), and Snyman et al. (2012). We followed Macedonia, is a huge landscape of about 31,000 ha, the zoogeographical categorization of neuropterid including the western part of the Jakupica mountain fauna of the Balkan Peninsula proposed by Aspöck et massif, Suva , and Suva Planina (Figure 1) al. (2001) and with the restriction of Popov and Letardi (Trpkov et al., 1997). In the area, the highest point (2010). of the Jakupica mountain massif is the peak of the The material was collected from 6 to 11 July 2011. mountain Karadžica, at an elevation of 2472 m, and the Collection sites included in the survey (Figures 1–19) lowest point is nearby the canyon Matka at elevation are listed in the Table with details of geographic of 270 m. The Treska River running through the area position, altitude, and type of habitat. * Correspondence: [email protected] 15 DEVETAK et al. / Turk J Zool

Figure 1. The Protected Area Jasen with collecting places (maps.google.com; 28. III. 2013). Legend: 1 - Matka; 2 - Rudine, plateau; 3 - Nova Breznica; 4 - Nova Breznica, Dolne Pole; 5 - between Kula and Nova Breznica; 6 - Jakupica: Kula, 1200 m; 7 - Jakupica: Kula, 1240–1250 m; 8 - Jakupica: Urnat Kamen; 9 - Jakupica: Urnat Kamen-; 10 - between Lake Kozjak and Kula; 11 - Lake Kozjak: Kapina; 12 - Lake Kozjak: Blizansko; 13 - Jakupica: Selište; 14 - between Selište and Boro Pole; 15 - Karadžica: Boro Pole; 16 – Karadžica, 2070 m; 17 - S of Lake Kozjak: Vlaka; 18 - confluence of 2 rivers, Treska– Belica; 19 - the river Belica; 20 - Gorna Belica, spring Belica.

3. Results Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, on Pinus nigra, 1 ♀. 3.1. A list of species Biogeography: Balkanopontomediterranean, monocentric, stationary. 3.1.1. RAPHIDIOPTERA Remarks: A record from the northwest of the known 3.1.1.1. RAPHIDIIDAE distribution. Not a rare species in suitable habitats (trees, Phaeostigma (Phaeostigma) pilicollis (Stein, 1863) forests). Material examined: Phaeostigma (Pontoraphidia) setulosa setulosa (H. Jakupica: Urnat Kamen, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1967) Karadžica: Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ on Pinus Material examined: nigra; Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ on Pinus nigra.

16 DEVETAK et al. / Turk J Zool

Figures 2–7: Collection sites of the Protected Area Jasen with typical habitats. 2 - Matka: the canyon of the Treska river; 3 - Rudine: dry grassland with sporadic Pinus nigra trees; 4 - Nova Breznica: Submediterranean dry grassland; 5 - Nova Breznica, Dolne Pole: ponds; 6 - between Kula and Nova Breznica: dry grassland; 7 - a view of Lake Kozjak from Kula; deciduous forest in foreground.

Biogeography: Balkano- and Anatoloponto- Dichrostigma flavipes (Stein, 1863) mediterranean, polycentric, slightly expansive northwards Material examined: (?), pronounced disjunct relict-distribution. Jakupica: Kula, 1240–1250 m, 8. VII. 2011, 4 ♀; Remarks: Very few localities of this species are Jakupica: Urnat Kamen-Goljak, 1425–1440 m, 8. VII. registered. The current record is an important reference 2011, 4 ♀; for nature conservation. A more or less rare species in Nova Breznica, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; known suitable habitats (shrubs and trees, open forests). Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ on Pinus nigra. First record in Macedonia (Devetak 1992, erroneous Biogeography: Balkanopontomediterranean, probable record). monocentric, expansive northwards in many areas.

17 DEVETAK et al. / Turk J Zool

Figures 8–13: Collection sites of the Protected Area Jasen with typical habitats (continued). 8 - Urnat Kamen: mixed deciduous/coniferous forest; 9 - between Urnat Kamen and Goljak: mixed deciduous/coniferous forest; 10 - between Lake Kozjak and Kula: pine forest (Pulsatillo-Pinetum nigrae); 11 - Kapina: the shore of the lake with deciduous forest in background; 12 - Blizansko: hygrophilous forest along a brook; 13 - Selište: hygrophilous forest with Buxus sempervirens in foreground.

Ornatoraphidia flavilabris (Costa, 1855) 3.1.2. NEUROPTERA Ornatoraphidia etrusca (Albarda, 1891) 3.1.2.1. OSMYLIDAE Material examined: Osmylus fulvicephalus (Scopoli, 1763) Jakupica: Kula, 1240–1250 m, 8. VII. 2011, 3 ♀; Material examined: Jakupica: Urnat Kamen, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; Confluence of 2 rivers: Treska–Belica, 9. VII. 2011, 1 Karadžica: Selište-Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♂; ♂ on Salix; Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ on Pinus nigra. Karadžica: the river Belica, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; Biogeography: Adriatomediterran and Lake Kozjak: Blizansko, 6. VII. 2011, 2 ♂ 1 ♀. Balkanopontomediterranean, polycentric, probably Biogeography: Holomediterranean spread, polycentric, moderately expansive north- and westwards. expansive northwards.

18 DEVETAK et al. / Turk J Zool

Figures 14–19: Collection sites of the Protected Area Jasen with typical habitats (continued). 14 – Boro Pole: dry grassland (Asyneumo-Stipetum mediterraneae) with sporadic Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana trees; 15 - Karadžica: alpine calcareous grassland; 16 - Vlaka: Submediterranean dry grassland; 17 - Confluence of the rivers Treska and Belica: grassland and river bank with Salix alba; 18 - the river Belica between Vlaka and G. Belica: hygrophilous vegetation with Salix alba; 19 - Gorna Belica, spring Belica: hygrophilous thicket.

3.1.2.2. CHRYSOPIDAE Jakupica: Kula, 1200 m, 8. VII. 2011, 2 ♀; Nineta flava (Scopoli, 1763) Jakupica: Urnat Kamen, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Material examined: Karadžica: Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 2 ♂ 3 ♀; Jakupica / Karadžica: Selište, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ on Acer Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 2 ♂ 1 ♀. obtusatum; Biogeography: Euro-Siberian spread, polycentric, Karadžica: Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ on Pinus nigra. highly expansive. Biogeography: Extramediterranean-European, lowly First record in Macedonia. expansive. Chrysopa walkeri McLachlan, 1893 Chrysopa perla (Linnaeus, 1758) Material examined: Material examined: Jakupica / Karadžica: Selište, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; Jakupica / Karadžica: Selište, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; Jakupica: Kula, 1240–1250 m, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♂;

19 DEVETAK et al. / Turk J Zool

Table. Collection sites in the Protected Area Jasen.

Name Altitude Geographic position Type of the habitat

Matka, Treska: the canyon of 1 350 m 41°55′N, 21°17′E Canyon of the river with hygrophilous forest (Figure 2) the Treska river

Transition from dry grassland with sporadic Pinus 2 Rudine, plateau 1050–1070 m 41°53.50′N, 21°13.94′E nigra trees to mixed deciduous/coniferous forest (Figure 3) Submediterranean dry grassland with sporadic bushes (Paliurus spina-christi, Juniperus oxycedrus, 3 Nova Breznica 770–790 m 41°52.99′N, 21°16.31′E Acer campestre, Prunus spinosa, Quercus cerris, Q. pubescens) (Figure 4) Nova Breznica, Dolne Pole, The bank of the ponds with willow trees (Salix alba) 4 700 m 41°53.26′N, 21°17.3′E ponds (Figure 5)

Submediterranean dry grassland with sporadic bushes 5 Kula-Nova Breznica 920 m 41°52.17′N, 21°15.35′E (Paliurus spina-christi, Juniperus oxycedrus, Prunus spinosa, Quercus cerris, Q. pubescens) (Figure 6)

Deciduous forest with Fagus, Acer obtusatum, Carpinus 6 Jakupica: Kula 1200 m 41°50.42′N, 21°14.24′E orientalis, Rhamnus, Ostrya carpinifolia (Figure 7) Deciduous forest (Fagus, Acer obtusatum, Ostrya 7 Jakupica: Kula 1240–1250 m 41°50.3′N, 21°14.2′E carpinifolia) with sporadic pine trees and Juniperus

8 Jakupica: Urnat Kamen 1300 m 41°50.15′N, 21°14.24′E Mixed deciduous/coniferous forest (Figure 8) Jakupica: Urnat Kamen- 9 1425–1440 m 41°49.56′N, 21°14.5′E Mixed deciduous/coniferous forest (Figure 9) Goljak Slopes of the canyon of the river Treska: transition from pine forest (Pulsatillo-Pinetum nigrae; dominant Between Lake Kozjak and trees: Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana; Figure 10) to 10 840–900 m 41°49.13′N, 21°12.99′E Kula mixed and deciduous forest with Quercus trojana, Q. cerris, Pinus nigra, Ostya, Carpinus orientalis, Fraxinus ornus Deciduous forest with Carpinus orientalis, Quercus Lake Kozjak (Ezero Kozjak): 11 475 m 41°48.46′N, 21°11.19′E spp., Pinus nigra, Salix alba, Cotinus coggygria (Figure Kapina 11) Hygrophilous forest with Prunus avium, Cornus, Alnus Lake Kozjak (Ezero Kozjak): 12 483 m 41°45.5′N, 21°9.7′E glutinosa, Juglans sp., Quercus sp. along a brook (Figure Blizansko 12) Hygrophilous forest with Acer obtusatum and Buxus 13 Jakupica/Karadžica: Selište 1000–1100 m 41°45.47′N, 21°15.72′E sempervirens (Figure 13) 14 Karadžica: Selište-Boro Pole 1520 m 41°44.30′N, 21°17.76′E Deciduous forest Dry grassland (Asyneumo-Stipetum mediterraneae) 15 Karadžica: Boro Pole 1600–1700 m 41°43.7′N, 21°18.34′E with sporadic Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana trees (Figure 14) 16 Karadžica 2070 m 41°44.43′N, 21°19.46′E Slopes with alpine calcareous grassland (Figure 15)

Submediterranean dry grassland with sporadic bushes (Quercus trojana, Paliurus spina-christi, Juniperus 17 S of Lake Kozjak: Vlaka 472 m 41°40.99′N, 21°14.3′E oxycedrus, Prunus spinosa, Quercus frainetto) (Figure 16)

20 DEVETAK et al. / Turk J Zool

Table. (Continued).

Confluence of 2 rivers: 18 483 m 41°40.72′N, 21°15.16′E Grassland and river bank with Salix alba (Figure 17) Treska–Belica Hygrophilous vegetation along the river bank (Figure 19 Karadžica: the river Belica 580 m 41°40.64′N, 21°17.98′E 18)

Hygrophilous vegetation along the river bank (Salix, Karadžica: Gorna Belica, 20 580 m 41°40.69′N, 21°18.54′E Buxus sempervirens, Corylus, Juglans); close to it, dry spring Belica thicket with pine trees (Figure 19)

Karadžica: Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 4 ♂ 2 ♀. Jakupica: Kula, 1240–1250 m, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; Biogeography: Euro-Siberian spread, polycentric, Karadžica: the river Belica, 9. VII. 2011, 4 ♀; highly expansive. Kula-Nova Breznica, 7. VII. 2011, 3 ♂ 4 ♀ on Quercus First record in Macedonia. sp.; Chrysopa dorsalis Burmeister, 1839 Nova Breznica, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Material examined: Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 6 ♂ 3 ♀; Jakupica: Kula, 1200 m, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; S of Lake Kozjak: Vlaka, 6. VII. 2011, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ Jakupica: Kula, 1240–1250 m, 8. VII. 2011, 14 ♂1 ♀; Lake Kozjak (Ezero Kozjak): Kapina, 6. VII. 2011, 2 ♀. Jakupica: Urnat Kamen, 8. VII. 2011, 4 ♂ 2 ♀; Biogeography: Euro-Siberian and Holomediterranean Jakupica: Urnat Kamen-Goljak, 1425–1440 m, 8. VII. spread, polycentric, expansive. 2011, 3 ♂ 1 ♀; Pseudomallada abdominalis (Brauer, 1856) Karadžica: Gorna Belica, spring Belica, 9. VII. 2011, 1 Material examined: ♀ on Pinus sp.; Confluence of 2 rivers: Treska–Belica, 9. VII. 2011, 2 Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ 2 ♀. ♂ 3 ♀ on Salix; Biogeography: Balkano- and Jakupica/Karadžica: Selište, 9. VII. 2011, 2 ♀; Anatolopontomediterranean, expansive particularly Jakupica: Kula, 1200 m, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; northwards. Jakupica: Urnat Kamen, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; Chrysopa formosa Brauer, 1850 Karadžica: the river Belica, 9. VII. 2011, 2 ♂ 4 ♀; Material examined: Nova Breznica, 7. VII. 2011, 2 ♂ 7 ♀; Between Lake Kozjak and Kula, 6. VII. 2011 1 ♀. Nova Breznica, Dolne Pole, ponds, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; Biogeography: Euro-Siberian and Holomediterranean Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 7 ♀; spread, polycentric, expansive. S of Lake Kozjak: Vlaka, 6. VII. 2011, 5 ♀; First record in Macedonia. Lake Kozjak (Ezero Kozjak): Kapina, 6. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; Pseudomallada flavifrons flavifrons (Brauer, 1850) Lake Kozjak: Blizansko, 6. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ 5 ♀. Material examined: Biogeography: Still uncertain; Between Lake Kozjak and Kula, 6. VII. 2011 1 ♀; Extramediterranean-European (?); also conceivable: Karadžica: Selište-Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♂; Balkanopontomediterranean, expansive (?). Karadžica: Gorna Belica, spring Belica, 9. VII. 2011, 1 First record in Macedonia. ♀ on Pinus sp.; Cunctochrysa albolineata (Killington, 1935) Karadžica: the river Belica, 9. VII. 2011, 4 ♀; Material examined: Kula-Nova Breznica, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ on Quercus sp.; Jakupica: Kula, 1240–1250 m, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♂; Matka, Treska, 11. VII. 2011, 4 ♂ 3 ♀; Karadžica: Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ on Pinus nigra. S of Lake Kozjak: Vlaka, 6. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; Biogeography: Euro-Siberian spread, polycentric, Lake Kozjak: Blizansko, 6. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ 2 ♀. highly expansive. Biogeography: Uncertain because of taxonomic Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) sensu lato problems; from the current perspective, Mediterranean Material examined: spread, polycentric, particularly expansive northwards. Jakupica: Kula, 1240–1250 m, 2 ♀; Pseudomallada prasinus (Burmeister, 1839) Kula-Nova Breznica, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ on Juniperus sp.; Material examined: Nova Breznica, 7. VII. 2011, 2 ♀; Between Lake Kozjak and Kula, 6. VII. 2011 2 ♂; Nova Breznica, Dolne Pole, ponds, 7. VII. 2011, 2 ♀ Jakupica/Karadžica: Selište, 9. VII. 2011, 2 ♂ 1 ♀; on Salix sp.; Jakupica: Kula, 1200 m, 8. VII. 2011, 3 ♂ 2 ♀; Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 3 ♀.

21 DEVETAK et al. / Turk J Zool

Biogeography: Because of taxonomic and other Biogeography: Holarctic spread, probably polycentric, problems, assessment is not possible. expansive. Chrysoperla lucasina (Lacroix, 1912) Hemerobius (H.) handschini Tjeder, 1957 Material examined: Material examined: Jakupica/Karadžica: Selište, 9. VII. 2011, 3 ♀ on Acer Jakupica: Kula, 1200 m, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; obtusatum; Jakupica: Kula, 1240–1250 m, 8. VII. 2011, 2 ♂ 5 ♀; Jakupica: Kula, 1200 m, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ 5 ♀; Jakupica: Urnat Kamen, 8. VII. 2011, 3 ♂ 2 ♀; Jakupica: Urnat Kamen, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♂; Jakupica: Urnat Kamen-Goljak, 1425–1440 m, 8. VII. Jakupica: Urnat Kamen-Goljak, 1425–1440 m, 8. VII. 2011, 2 ♂ 6 ♀; 2011, 1 ♂; Karadžica: Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ on Pinus nigra; Karadžica: Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 2 ♂ 11 ♀ on Pinus Karadžica: Gorna Belica, spring Belica, 9. VII. 2011, 1 nigra; ♂; Karadžica, 2070 m, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 4 ♂ 10 ♀. Kula-Nova Breznica, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ on Quercus sp.; Biogeography: Holomediterranean spread, probably Nova Breznica, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; polycentric, lowly expansive. Nova Breznica, Dolne Pole, ponds, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ First record in Macedonia. on Salix sp.; Hemerobius (H.) micans Olivier, 1792 ♂ ♀ Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 1 7 ; Material examined: S of Lake Kozjak: Vlaka, 6. VII. 2011, 1 ♂. Jakupica: Kula, 1200 m, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♂; Biogeography: Probably Holomediterranean spread, Karadžica: Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ on Pinus nigra; expansive. Karadžica: Gorna Belica, spring Belica, 9. VII. 2011, 1 First record in Macedonia. ♂; Chrysoperla pallida Henry, Brooks, Duelli & Karadžica: river Belica, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♂. Johnson, 2002 Biogeography: Euro-Siberian spread, polycentric, Material examined: highly expansive. Jakupica: Kula, 1200 m, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; Jakupica: Urnat Kamen-Goljak, 1425–1440 m, 8. VII. Hemerobius (H.) lutescens Fabricius, 1793 2011, 1 ♀; Material examined: Karadžica: Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ on Pinus nigra; Jakupica: Kula, 1240–1250 m, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♀. Nova Breznica, Dolne Pole, ponds, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ Biogeography: Euro-Siberian spread, polycentric, on Salix sp.; highly expansive. Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; First record in Macedonia. Lake Kozjak (Ezero Kozjak): Kapina, 6. VII. 2011, 1 ♂; Hemerobius (Brauerobius) marginatus Stephens, Lake Kozjak: Blizansko, 6. VII. 2011, 1 ♂. 1836 Biogeography: Possibly Balkanopontomediterranean, Material examined: expansive northwards. Jakupica: Kula, 1200 m, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; First record in Macedonia. Karadžica: Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ on Pinus nigra. Chrysoperla mediterranea (Hölzel, 1972) Biogeography: Euro-Siberian spread, polycentric, Material examined: highly expansive. Between Lake Kozjak and Kula, 6. VII. 2011 2 ♀; First record in Macedonia. Kula-Nova Breznica, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ on Juniperus sp., Sympherobius (Sympherobius) pygmaeus (Rambur, 1 ♀ on Quercus sp.; 1842) Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♂. Material examined: Biogeography: Still uncertain, Atlantomediteranean Nova Breznica, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♂. (?), Holomediterranean spread (?), polycentric, expansive Biogeography: Probably not finally taxonomically (?). resolved, Holomediterranean spread, polycentric (?), First record in Macedonia. expansive northwards. 3.1.2.3. HEMEROBIIDAE First record in Macedonia. Hemerobius (Hemerobius) humulinus Linnaeus, 1758 Megalomus sp. Material examined: Material examined: Confluence of 2 rivers: Treska–Belica, 9. VII. 2011, 1♀ on Jakupica: Urnat Kamen-Goljak, 1425 m, 8. VII. 2011, 2 Salix; ♀ (probably M. tortricoides Rambur, 1842); Matka, Treska, 11. VII. 2011, 2 ♀; Karadžica: Selište-Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ (probably Lake Kozjak: Blizansko, 6. VII. 2011, 1 ♀. M. tineiodes Rambur, 1842).

22 DEVETAK et al. / Turk J Zool

Biogeography: Both species Holomediterranean Biogeography: Cannot be assessed with certainty. spread, lowly expansive. Holarctic spread (?) probably due to anthropogenic Micromus angulatus (Stephens, 1836) transmission. Material examined: Semidalis aleyrodiformis (Stephens, 1836) Karadžica: Gorna Belica, spring Belica, 580 m, 9. VII. Material examined: 2011, 2 ♂. Jakupica/Karadžica: Selište, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♂; Biogeography: Holarctic spread, polycentric, highly Jakupica: Kula, 1200 m, 8. VII. 2011, 3 ♂ 1 ♀; expansive, possibly with high anthropogenic influence. Jakupica: Urnat Kamen, 8. VII. 2011, 2 ♂; First record in Macedonia. Jakupica: Urnat Kamen-Goljak, 1425–1440 m, 8. VII. Micromus lanosus (Zelený, 1962) 2011, 3 ♂ 1 ♀; Material examined: Karadžica: Selište-Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♂; Jakupica: Kula, 1200 m, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 2 ♂. Jakupica: Urnat Kamen, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♂; Biogeography: Cannot be assessed (possibly Jakupica: Urnat Kamen-Goljak, 1425–1440 m, 8. VII. anthropogenic dispersion). 2011, 1 ♂; 3.1.2.5. DILARIDAE Karadžica: Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ on Pinus nigra; Dilar turcicus Hagen, 1858 Karadžica: Selište-Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 2 ♂. Material examined: Biogeography: Extramediterranean-European (?), Jakupica: Urnat Kamen, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; probably lowly expansive. Matka, Treska, 11. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; First record in Macedonia. Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ 1 ♀. 3.1.2.4. CONIOPTERYGIDAE Biogeography: Balkano-, Anatolopontomediterranean Aleuropteryx loewii Klapálek, 1894 and Pontocaspian, polycentric, lowly expansive (?). Material examined: 3.1.2.6. MANTISPIDAE Between Lake Kozjak and Kula, 6. VII. 2011 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Sagittalata perla (Pallas, 1772) Jakupica: Urnat Kamen, 8. VII. 2011, 3 ♂ 2 ♀; Mantispa perla (Pallas, 1772) Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 3 ♂. Material examined: Biogeography: Holomediterranean spread, expansive Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♀. northwards. Biogeography: Perhaps Holomediterranean, polycentric, First record in Macedonia. lowly expansive only eastwards (?). Helicoconis (Ohmopteryx) pseudolutea Ohm, 1965 Remark: For recent terminology, see Snyman et al. Material examined: (2012). ♂ Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 1 . Mantispa aphavexelte U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 1994 Biogeography: Holomediterranean spread, highly Material examined: expansive. Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♂. Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) pygmaea Enderlein, 1906 Biogeography: Perhaps Holomediterranean, Coniopteryx (C.) parthenia (Navás & Marcet, 1910) polycentric, lowly expansive only eastwards (?). Material examined: Between Lake Kozjak and Kula, 6. VII. 2011, 1 ♂. 3.1.2.7. Biogeography: Euro-Siberian and Holomediterranean sinuata Olivier, 1811 spread, polycentric, expansive, possibly with high Material examined: anthropogenic influence. Matka, Treska, Manastir Sv. Andreja, 1.VI. 1975, 3 ind. Coniopteryx (Metaconiopteryx) arcuata Kis, 1965 (Figure 20), P. Jakšić leg. The species was collected in dry Material examined: grassland. Matka, Treska, 11. VII. 2011, 1 ♂. Biogeography: Balkano- and Biogeography: Holomediterranean spread, moderately Anatolopontomediterranean, polycentric, lowly expansive. expansive northwards. 3.1.2.8. MYRMELEONTIDAE Coniopteryx (M.) esbenpeterseni Tjeder, 1930 Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764) Material examined: Material examined: Lake Kozjak: Blizansko, 6. VII. 2011, 2 ♂. S of Lake Kozjak: Vlaka, 6. VII. 2011, 1 ♀. Biogeography: Holomediterranean spread, highly Biogeography: Holomediterranean spread, polycentric, expansive northwards. stationary. Conwentzia pineticola Enderlein, 1905 Myrmecaelurus trigrammus (Pallas, 1771) Material examined: Material examined: Matka, Treska, 11. VII. 2011, 1 ♀. S of Lake Kozjak: Vlaka, 6. VII. 2011, 7 larvae;

23 DEVETAK et al. / Turk J Zool

3.1.2.9. ASCALAPHIDAE Libelloides macaronius (Scopoli, 1763) Material examined: Jakupica: Urnat Kamen, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♂; Jakupica: Urnat Kamen-Goljak, 1425–1440 m, 8. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; Karadžica: Boro Pole, 9. VII. 2011, 3 ♀; Kula-Nova Breznica, 7. VII. 2011, 2 ♂ 5 ♀; Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ 4 ♀: S of Lake Kozjak: Vlaka, 6. VII. 2011, 1 ♀. Biogeography: Balkano- and Anatolopontomediterranean, polycentric, expansive. Remarks: Some individuals from Kula-Nova Breznica (Figures 21 and 22) and from Rudine with milk-white wings resembled Libelloides lacteus (Brullé, 1832), but the pattern of black spots was characteristic of L. macaronius. 3.2. Notes on ecology of the Neuropterida of the Protected Area Jasen 3.2.1. Neuropterida in various habitats of the area According to our findings in July 2011, Neuropterida occurred in the following habitats of the Protected Area Jasen: Figure 20. Nemoptera sinuata: a male, Matka, Manastir Sv. Andreja, length of forewings 30 mm. Submediterranean dry grasslands (Matka; Vlaka; Kula-Nova Breznica): In this habitat, the following Neuropterida species occur: Pseudomallada flavifrons Lake Kozjak (Ezero Kozjak): Kapina, 6. VII. 2011, 2 flavifrons, P. prasinus, P. abdominalis, Chrysoperla lucasina, larvae. Chrysoperla mediterranea, Nemoptera sinuata, Palpares libelluloides, Myrmecaelurus trigrammus, and Libelloides Biogeography: Holomediterranean spread, lowly macaronius. expansive northeastwards. Near Nova Breznica in Submediterranean dry Myrmeleon formicarius Linnaeus, 1767 grassland with sporadic bushes occur Dichrostigma Material examined: flavipes, Pseudomallada prasinus, Chrysoperla carnea s.l., Between Lake Kozjak and Kula, 6. VII. 2011, 1 ♀; Chrysoperla lucasina, and Sympherobius pygmaeus. Jakupica: Urnat Kamen-Goljak, 1425–1440 m, 8. VII. 2011, 3 larvae. Biogeography: Euro-Siberian spread, polycentric, expansive. First record in Macedonia. Euroleon nostras (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785) Material examined: Matka, Treska, 11. VII. 2011, 5 larvae. Biogeography: Holomediterranean spread, polycentric (?), Extramediterranean-European (?), highly expansive (?). First record in Macedonia. Distoleon tetragrammicus (Fabricius, 1798) Material examined: Between Lake Kozjak and Kula, 6. VII. 2011 1 ♀; Rudine, plateau, 7. VII. 2011, 2 ♂; Lake Kozjak: Blizansko, 6. VII. 2011, 1 ♀. Figure 21. Libelloides macaronius: a male with typical yellow Biogeography: Holomediterranean spread, expansive coloration of the wings with black spots; between Kula and Nova northwards. Breznica.

24 DEVETAK et al. / Turk J Zool

Sagittalata perla, Mantispa aphavexelte, and Distoleon tetragrammicus. Mixed deciduous/coniferous forests (the surroundings of Kula; Rudine): Chrysopa perla, Pseudomallada flavifrons flavifrons, P. prasinus, P. abdominalis, Chrysoperla lucasina, and Semidalis aleyrodiformis. Coniferous forests (the surroundings of Kula): Phaeostigma pilicollis, Ornatoraphidia flavilabris, Aleuropteryx loewii, Chrysopa dorsalis, Semidalis aleyrodiformis, Myrmeleon formicarius, and Distoleon tetragrammicus. 3.2.2. Neuropterida in the altitudinal gradient Neuropterida species were collected across an altitudinal Figure 22. Libelloides macaronius: a female with milk-white gradient ranging from 350 m a.s.l. (canyon Matka) to wings; between Kula and Nova Breznica. 2070 m. a.s.l. (Karadžica Mountain), in various habitats ranging from hygrophilous forests, dry grasslands, and Submediterranean forests to alpine calcareous grassland Grasslands in montane and submontane zones (Boro habitats. For all species, the elevation at which they were Pole, Rudine): Libelloides macaronius. In that habitat, collected was noted and the results are presented in Figure sporadic pine trees (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) were 23. Most of the species are broadly distributed along the observed with characteristic Neuropterid assemblage: elevation gradient, with higher species richness ranging Phaeostigma pilicollis, Ornatoraphidia flavilabris, from 750 to 1650 m a.s.l. Only C. lucasina was found above Phaeostigma setulosa, Nineta flava, Chrysopa dorsalis, 1750 m a.s.l. and occurred over a wide altitudinal range. Ch. perla, Ch. walkeri, Dichrostigma flavipes, Chrysoperla Most of the Raphidiidae, Hemerobiidae, Coniopterygidae, lucasina, Chrysoperla pallida, Chrysoperla mediterranea, and Mantispidae were collected at altitudes above 750 m Cunctochrysa albolineata, Micromus lanosus, Hemerobius a.s.l. handschini, H. micans, H. marginatus, Semidalis aleyrodiformis, Helicoconis pseudolutea, Aleuropteryx loewii, and Distoleon tetragrammicus. 4. Discussion Alpine calcareous grasslands (Karadžica): Chrysoperla The neuropterid fauna of Macedonia was until the recent lucasina. period insufficiently known and a great number of sporadic The banks of the rivers Treska/Belica and the ponds records of the species occurrence in the country exists near Dolne Pole with willow trees (Salix alba) (confluence (Mace, 1920; Doflein, 1921; Dimitrova, 1924; Dimitrowa, of the 2 rivers: Treska and Belica): Osmylus fulvicephalus, 1925; Aspöck & Aspöck, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, Pseudomallada abdominalis, P. prasinus, P. flavifrons 1972, 1974, 1994; Ohm, 1965; Popov, 1970, 1997; Gepp, flavifrons, Chrysoperla carnea s.l., Ch. lucasina, Ch. pallida, 1972; Hölzel, 1978; Aspöck H, 1979; Aspöck U, 1979; and Hemerobius humulinus. Aspöck et al., 1980, 1984, 1991, 2001; Devetak, 1989, 1996, Hygrophilous forests (Matka; Blizansko; Gorna Belica; 1997; Saure, 1989; Popov, 2004). Saure (1989), Devetak Selište): Osmylus fulvicephalus, Nineta flava, Chrysopa (1992), Aspöck et al. (2001), and Popov (2004) compiled perla, Ch. walkeri, Pseudomallada flavifrons flavifrons, P. checklists from literature and for Macedonia 8 species of abdominalis, Chrysoperla pallida, Chrysoperla lucasina, Raphidioptera and 42 species of Neuroptera were known. Hemerobius humulinus, Micromus angulatus, Coniopteryx The present study in the Protected Area Jasen revealed 4 esbenpeterseni, C. arcuata, Semidalis aleyrodiformis, species of Raphidioptera and 40 species of Neuroptera, Conwentzia pineticola, Dilar turcicus, and Euroleon nostras. of which 17 are new records for Macedonian fauna; thus, Deciduous forests (the surroundings of Kula; the number of known Neuropterida in Macedonia Rudine; Selište-Boro Pole): Ornatoraphidia flavilabris, increased to 67 species. Pseudomallada flavifrons, P. prasinus, P. abdominalis, In the Protected Area Jasen, Neuropterida were Chrysopa formosa, Chrysopa perla, Chrysopa walkeri, collected in various habitats. Among them, habitats with Chrysoperla carnea sensu lato, Chrysoperla mediterranea, the highest number of species were deciduous forests (23) Chrysoperla pallida, Cunctochrysa albolineata, Megalomus and sporadic pine trees in grasslands (20). Most of the sp., Hemerobius micans, H. lutescens, H. marginatus, Neuropterida were broadly distributed along the elevation Micromus lanosus, Aleuropteryx loewii, Coniopteryx gradient; a majority of them were collected at altitudes pygmaea, Semidalis aleyrodiformis, Dilar turcicus, from 750 to 1650 m a.s.l.

25 DEVETAK et al. / Turk J Zool

Figure 23. Distribution of the Neuropterida collected in habitats with different altitudes of the Protected Area Jasen, July 2011.

Acknowledgments arrange our accommodation in Kula and for her advice and We are grateful to the Public Enterprise for Managing and guidance in Jasen. We are grateful to Ms Meta Janžekovič Protection of the Multipurpose Area Jasen, Government of (Vurberk, Slovenia) for help in the field. For some the Republic of Macedonia, for permission to collect the biogeographic information we owe cordial thanks to Prof insects, and we thank Mr Mihail Malahov (JPUZPP Jasen, Dr Horst Aspöck (Medical University of Vienna, Austria). Macedonia) for help in issuing the authorization. We thank This research was supported partly by the research Prof Dr Boris Kryštufek (Slovenian Museum of Natural project Biodiversity of the Neuropterida in the Balkan (RP History, Ljubljana, Slovenia) for help in planning our BioDiv Neuropterida Balkan – ALBH 2013) and partly by field trip and we are grateful to Mrs Gordana Janakievska the Slovenian Research Agency within the Infrastructure (JPUZPP Jasen, Macedonia) for all the efforts made to Programme (Grant No. IP-0552).

References

Aspöck H (1979). The Raphidioptera of Continental Greece: a Aspöck H, Aspöck U (1974). Das Subgenus Parvoraphidia Asp. chorological analysis. Biol Gallo-Hellenica 8: 243–261. et Asp. (Neur., Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae, Raphidia L.). Z Aspöck H, Aspöck U (1964). Neue Arten des Genus Raphidia L. ArbGem Österr Entomol 26: 61–76 (in German). aus Südosteuropa und Kleinasien. Vorläufige Beschreibung. Aspöck H, Aspöck U, Hölzel H (unter Mitarbeit von Rausch H) Entomol Nachr Bl 11: 37–40 (in German). (1980). Die Neuropteren Europas. Eine zusammenfassende Darstellung der Systematik, Ökologie und Chorologie der Aspöck H, Aspöck U (1965). Zur Kenntnis der Raphidiiden von Neuropteroidea (Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Planipennia) Südosteuropa und Kleinasien (Mit kritischen Bemerkungen Europas. Krefeld: Goecke & Evers (in German). zur Klassifikation der Familie). Ann Naturhist Mus Wien 68: 309–364 (in German). Aspöck H, Aspöck U, Rausch H (1984). Turcoraphidia hethitica n. sp. – eine neue Raphidiiden-Spezies aus Anatolien (Mit einer Aspöck H, Aspöck U (1966). Zur Kenntnis der Raphidioidea-Familie Übersicht über die Arten der Genus Turcoraphidia H.A. & Inocelliidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Ann Naturhist Mus Wien U.A.) (Neuropteroidea, Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae). Nachr Bl 69: 105–131 (in German). Bayer Entomol 33: 97–106 (in German). Aspöck H, Aspöck U (1968). Die Neuropteren Mitteleuropas – eine Aspöck H, Aspöck U, Rausch H (1991). Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. faunistische und zoogeographische Analyse. Abhandl Ber Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Naturkundemus Görlitz 44: 31–48 (in German). Biologie, Ökologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren Aspöck H, Aspöck U (1969). Die Neuropteren Mitteleuropas. der Erde. Mit einer zusammenfassenden Übersicht der fossilen Ein Nachtrag zur »Synopsis der Systematik, Ökologie und Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Krefeld: Goecke & Biogeographie der Neuropteren Mitteleuropas«. Naturkdl Jb Evers (in German). Stadt Linz 1969: 17–68 (in German). Aspöck H, Hölzel H, Aspöck U (2001). Kommentierter Katalog Aspöck H, Aspöck U (1972). Das Subgenus Magnoraphidia Aspöck der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, et Aspöck (Neur., Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae, Raphidia L.). Neuroptera) der Westpaläarktis. Denisia 02: 1–606 (in Mitt Münch Entomol Ges 62: 13–30 (in German). German).

26 DEVETAK et al. / Turk J Zool

Aspöck U (1979). The Raphidioptera of the Aegean islands: a Mace H (1920). Neuroptera from Macedonia: a correction. chorological analysis. Biol Gallo-Hellenica 8: 265–275. Entomologist 53: 191. Aspöck U, Aspöck H (1994). Zur Nomenklatur der Mantispiden Monserrat VJ, Díaz-Aranda LM (2012). Los estadios larvarios de Europas. Ann Naturhist Mus Wien 96B: 99–114 (in German). los crisópidos ibéricos (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae), nuevos elementos sobre la morfología larvaria aplicables a la Devetak D (1992). Present knowledge of the Megaloptera, sistemática de la familia. Graellsia, 68: 31–158 (in Spanish). Raphidioptera and Neuroptera of Yugoslavia (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). In: Canard M, Aspöck H, Mansell MW, Ohm P (1965). Myrmeleon noacki nov. sp., eine neue Myrmeleoniden- editors. Current Research in Neuropterology. Toulouse: Sacco, Art von der Balkan-Halbinsel (Neuroptera). Fragm Balcanica pp. 107–118. 5: 107–114 (in German). Devetak D (1996). Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764) in the Popov A (1970). Razprostranenie na evropeiskite vidove ot semeistvo northwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula (Neuroptera: Nemopteridea (Neuroptera). Izvest Zool Inst Muz (Sofija) 32: Myrmeleontidae). Annales Ann Istr Mediterr Stud 9: 211–216. 5–31 (in Bulgarian). Devetak D (1997). Genus Macronemurus Costa, 1855 in the Popov A (1997). Neuroptera, Raphidioptera and Mecoptera from Northwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula (Neuroptera: Macedonia with two new records of Chrysopidae. Hist Nat Myrmeleontidae). Annales Ann Istr Mediterr Stud 11: 203– Bulg 7: 31–33. 208. Popov A (2004). The Ascalaphidae (Neuroptera) of the Balkan Devetak D (1998). Libelloides ottomanus (Germar, 1817) in the Peninsula. Denisia 13: 229–237. northwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula (Neuroptera, Popov A, Letardi A (2010). Comparative zoogeographical analysis Ascalaphidae). Entomol Croat 3: 45–48. of Neuropterida of the Apennine and Balkan peninsulas. In: Dimitrova A (1924). Mravkolavi-Myrmeleonidae (Neuroptera, Devetak D, Lipovšek S, Arnett AE, editors. Proceedings of the Insecta), sreshtashti se va Balgarija, Trakija i Makedonija. Trav Tenth International Symposium on Neuropterology. Maribor: Soc Bulg Sci Nat 11: 68–112 (in Bulgarian). Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, pp. 239–256. Dimitrowa A (1925). Ergebnis einer Untersuchung der Saure C (1989). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Neuropterenfauna Myrmeleoniden Bulgariens, Thraziens und Mazedoniens. Jugoslawiens und Griechenlands (Insecta, Planipennia). Sitzungs Ber Ges Naturforsch Freunde Berlin 1923: 136–140 Entomofauna 10: 33–43 (in German). (in German). Snyman LP, Ohl M, Mansell MW, Scholtz CH (2012). A revision and Doflein F (1921). Mazedonien. Erlebnisse und Beobachtungen eines key to the genera of Afrotropical Mantispidae (Neuropterida, Naturforschers im Gefolge des Deutschen Heeres. Jena: G. Neuroptera), with the description of a new genus. ZooKeys Fischer Verlag (in German). 184: 67–93. Gepp J (1972). Coniopterygiden aus Jugoslawien (Planipennia). Z Trpkov B, Rizovski R, Zdravkovski T (1997). Šumski rezervat Jasen. Arb Gem Österr Entomol 24: 167–168 (in German). Skopje: Šumski rezervat Jasen (in Macedonian). Hölzel H (1978). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Suarius Navás: Die Arten des nanus-Komplexes (Planipennia, Chrysopidae). Z Arb Gem Österr Entomol 30: 3–12 (in German).

27