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Transdisciplinary Framework for Global Environmental and Social Sustainability - Sustainomics Professor Mohan Munasinghe

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Transdisciplinary Framework for Global Environmental and Social Sustainability - Sustainomics Professor Mohan Munasinghe Transdisciplinary Framework for Global Environmental and Social Sustainability - Sustainomics Professor Mohan Munasinghe www.mohanmunasinghe.com Founder Chairman, Munasinghe Institute for Development (MIND), Colombo KIVA Guest Professor of Sustainable Development, Darmstadt Univ., Germany Distinguished Guest Professor, Peking University, China Visiting Professor, Vale Sustainable Dev. Inst., Fed. Univ. of Para, Belem, Brazil Vice Chair, IPCC-AR4 that shared the 2007 Nobel Prize for Peace Keynote Speech at the Thor Heyerdahl 100th anniversary international conference on Sustainable Development Larvik, Norway, 24 September 2014 M I N D Munasinghe Institute for Development Ayubowan God Dag Greetings Munasinghe Institute Institute for for Development Development M I N D Warm congratulations to the Thor Heyerdahl Institute for selecting the theme of Sustainable Development for the 100th birth Anniversary of Thor Heyerdahl. Complex global problems of sustainable development need integrated, transdisciplinary methods. We hope the message will reach a wide audience – researchers, decisionmakers, the public & youth. We need to inspire everyone! We need to empower civil society and business to work with government to make development more sustainable in Norway & worldwide applying transdisciplinary methods Munasinghe Institute for Development M I N D Thor Heyerdahl was a man ahead of his time – many of his ideas are highly relevant today! My lecture adresses the conference theme of Sustainable Development as well as the main areas covered by Thor Heyerdahl Institute, which seeks to promote his thoughts on: •Interdisciplinary research (Heyerdahl – zoologist, geographer & Polynesian specialist) •International dialogue / multi-cultural co-op. (Heyerdahl - man of peace & ethnographer) •Protection of the global environment (Heyerdahl - explorer and nature lover) Munasinghe Institute for Development M I N D Thor Heyerdahl – Brief Bio • 1914 - Born - October 6, Larvik, Norway. • As a young child - showed a strong interest in zoology. He created a small museum in his childhood home Studied zoology and geography at the University of Oslo and privately studied Polynesian culture and history, consulting what was then the world's largest private collection of books and papers on Polynesia. • 1938 - first book På Jakt etter Paradiset (Hunt for Paradise) - About the events surrounding his stay on the Marquesas. • 1947 - Kon-Tiki expedition - sailed from Peru to the Tuamotus, French Polynesia, in a pae- pae raft made from balsa wood and other native materials. It was 101-days & 4,300 nautical mile (4,948 miles or 7,964 km). • 1955–1956 - Expedition to Easter Island (Rapa Nui). The expedition published two large volumes of scientific reports (Reports of the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Easter Island and the East Pacific). • 1969 and 1970 - Boats Ra and Ra II - built two boats from papyrus and attempted to cross the Atlantic Ocean from Morocco in Africa. The book The Ra Expeditions and the film documentary Ra (1972) were made about the voyages. • 1974 - published a new account of a voyage - titled Fatu Hiva ; 1996 – Published - Green Was the Earth on the Seventh Day – about his time on Fatu Hiva and his side trip to Hivaoa. Thor Heyerdahl – Brief Bio • 1978 - Built Tigris, a reed boat which was intended to demonstrate that trade and migration could have linked Mesopotamia with the Indus Valley Civilization in what is now Pakistan. Tigris was built in Iraq and sailed with its international crew through the Persian Gulf to Pakistan and made its way into the Red Sea. After five months at sea and still seaworthy, the Tigris was deliberately burnt in Djibouti, on 3 April 1978, as a protest against the wars raging on every side in the Red Sea and Horn of Africa. • 1981, 1994, 1999 and 2000 - made four visits to Azerbaijan. Based on his published documentation, Heyerdahl proposed that Azerbaijan was the site of an ancient advanced civilization. He also investigated mounds found on Maldive Islands in the Indian Ocean, where he found sun-oriented foundations and courtyards, as well as statues with elongated earlobes. • 1990s - He was a major initiator and supporter of the effort by President Gorbachev to set up Green Cross International, the global environmental protection organisation. • 2002 – Died, aged 87. He was involved with many other expeditions and archaeological projects. He remained best known for his boat-building, and for his emphasis on cultural diffusionism. • 2011 - The Thor Heyerdahl Archives were added to UNESCO's "Memory of the World" Register. Currently, this list includes 238 collections from all over the world. He received many official and academic awards, honorary degrees and published many books. Cross-Disciplinary Terminology Multi-disciplinary Individual experts from different disciplines coordinate efforts to apply varying concepts and methods to complex problems Inter-disciplinary multi-disciplinary team seeks to break down the barriers among various disciplines and achieve a synthesis, usually at the results stage. Trans-disciplinary (approach used in Sustainomics) inter-disciplinary team seeks to combine knowledge from various disciplines to synthesize new concepts, methods and models - BEFORE applying them to a complex problem. Munasinghe Institute for Development M I N D WHAT ? are the major challenges Multiple global threats undermine SD efforts & need integrated, transdisciplinary solutions Munasinghe Institute for Development M I N D Growing Risks of Global Breakdown due to Multiple Heavy Shocks - Poverty, inequity & other socioeconomic trends - Resource shortages (energy, water, food, etc.) - Weak leadership & poor decisionmaking - Financial sector and wealth concentration - Trade, multinationals and special interests - Unexpected shocks and disasters - Unsustainable values - Conflict, insecurity & need for more polycentric world Multiple threats are inter-related and synergistic. Stakeholder interests are divergent. Responses uncoordinated & piecemeal – lack of political will Robust integrated strategy needed, applying transdisciplinary methods and models, scenario analysis, risk management, etc. Munasinghe Institute for Development M I N D Barbarization: Risky Future Scenario to Avoid Unrestrained market forces increase risk of conflict (erosion of ethical & moral values underpinning civilization) Poverty, Inequality, Pandemics Environmental degradation Resource Shortage, Conflict Social polarization, Terrorism Climate Change Chaos, Break-down Fortress World Conflict & competition Local, regional & global groups for resources overwhelm protect their interests within enclaves efforts to impose order How will we cope with this result? Munasinghe Institute for Development M I N D POVERTY: Poor living on < $1 per day Munasinghe Institute for Development M I N D Sympathy for the poor and downtrodden “In my experience, it is rarer to find a really happy person in a circle of millionaires than among vagabonds”. Thor Heyerdahl Munasinghe Institute for Development M I N D Status of Global Resource Use & Limits Green = within limits Red = exceeding limits Areas: biodiversity loss, climate change, nitrogen, ocean acidification, freshwater use, stratospheric ozone, land use, phosphorus, chemical pollution, atmospheric aerosols SEI, 2009 Munasinghe Institute for Development M I N D Our Fundamental Dependance on Nature “In fighting nature, man can win every battle except the last. If he should win that too, he will perish, like an embryo cutting its own umbilical cord”. Thor Heyerdahl Munasinghe Institute for Development M I N D 1.Ecol. Footprint of Humanity 2. Unfair World Income In 2012 we needed 1.5 earths; Distribution 2000 and by 2030 almost 2 Earths Also existing nuclear weapons can wipe out planet Champagne Glass Richest fifth of world population receives Unsustainable 83% of world income BAU Ratio of 60:1 one Sustainable One fifth of the 1.4 earth Worlds Population billion between 2012 2030 highest & lowest 20% Poorest fifth of world Number of Earths of Number population receives 1.4% of world income 3. Millennium Development Goals (MDG) & SDG United Nations Millennium Declaration, 2000 + Post-2015 Framework 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Promote gender equality & empowerment 4. Reduce child mortality 5. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria & other diseases 6. Improve maternal health 7. Ensure environmental sustainability 8. Global partnership for development Commendable targets for 1-2 billion poor, but where are the resources to meet them, especially with Climate Change Munasinhe Institute for Development M I N D Uncoordinated responses complicate matters Example: 2007-2008 food scarcity - 1 Human actions • Oil crisis Corn for ethanol M I N D Uncoordinated responses complicate matters Example: 2007-2008 food scarcity - 2 Human actions • Oil crisis Corn for ethanol RESULT Food • Drought Grain shortage Scarcity Nature M I N D Poor Resource Decisionmaking - Dealing with the Triple Crisis Bubbles WHAT ARE OUR VALUES AND HOW WELL HAVE WE ESTABLISHED PRIORITIES ? M I N D Three Levels of Reality: Nature is the Base! Head in the clouds? Financial Markets Econ. Growth Productive Economic Assets Bio-geo-physical Resources Feet firmly on the ground? Sound financial markets and economic growth should be based on the true value of the productive economic asset base. In turn the value and use of economic assets should closely reflect the state of natural (bio-geo-physical) resources
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