DOCSLIB.ORG

Tahitian and French Influences in Easter Island, Or the Zoopal Mystery Solved Thanks to Grant Mccall Francesco Di Castri

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tahitian and French Influences in Easter Island, Or the Zoopal Mystery Solved Thanks to Grant Mccall Francesco Di Castri Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation Volume 13 Article 2 Issue 4 September 1999 Tahitian and French Influences in Easter Island, or the Zoopal Mystery Solved Thanks to Grant McCall Francesco di Castri Follow this and additional works at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj Part of the History of the Pacific slI ands Commons, and the Pacific slI ands Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation di Castri, Francesco (1999) "Tahitian and French Influences in Easter Island, or the Zoopal Mystery Solved Thanks to Grant McCall," Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation: Vol. 13 : Iss. 4 , Article 2. Available at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol13/iss4/2 This Research Report is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Hawai`i Press at Kahualike. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation by an authorized editor of Kahualike. For more information, please contact [email protected]. di Castri: Tahitian and French Influences in Easter Island Tahitian and French Influences in Easter Island, or the Zoopal Mystery Solved Thanks to Grant McCall Francesco di Castri INTRODUCTION present) and of tourists, sustainable development in the context I am very grateful and indebted to Grant McCall for his of an open global society, demographic pressure and distribu­ personal communication (28 July 1999, through Georgia Lee), tion, economic-ecological modeling, surprise-rich and non­ where he stated about the 'Zoopal' question as follows: Englert linear scenarios of development, usable and non-usable knowl­ in his annotated copy of "La tierra de Hotu Matu 'a ", which I edge, technological innovation as an adaptive feature, and ­ read in the church in 1972-4, noted that this was a misreading above all - natural resources as a time-, space-, human-use-, ofthe original treaty or agreement. It should be "To 'opae" or and value-dependent anthropocentric concept. Two articles on councilor. In the late I880s, Rapanui society was organized "Decision-making in Easter Island" and "Debunking ecological along Tahitian lines, at leastfor outsider consumption... myths on Easter Island" are in preparation. I have been long puzzled about the denomination of The third aspect is in line with my own Tahitian and 'Zoopal' that appeared in the annexation act of 9 September French cultural attachment, acquaintance, and bias. It deals with 1888 for nine out of the twelve Rapanui signatories, the other the reciprocal influences of the Tahitian, French and Rapanui three being the Ari'i Atamu, Rupereto, and Pederiko Tadorna. cultures. Grant McCall underlines in his statement that the Ra­ This puzzle has represented for some colleagues and for me the panui society in the 1880s was organized along Tahitian lines. Zoopal mystery. I have often interrogated local Rapanui people The equivalent councilors in Tahiti at that time were largely about the significance of the term 'Zoopal', getting contradic­ designated by the French administration, as well as the Ari'i in tory and varied interpretations, none of them corresponding to Rapa Nui (Atamu means Adam) was selected on the ground of the very convincing clarification ofEnglert and McCall. his Catholic attachment, with a likely sponsorship ofthe French Since my first contacts with Easter Island in the early six­ ecclesiastic authorities ofTahiti. This article covers some issues ties, at that time dealing mostly with sheep ranching (di Castri related to this third aspect. et al. 1962), later with ecological aspects (di Castri 1964 and 1968, di Castri and Hajek 1976), and at present with scenarios THE PERIOD OF TAHITIAN INFLUENCE (1862-1888) for tourism development in an information society (di Castri During a part ofthe last century, particularly in the period 1997, 1998a, 1999), I have been convinced ofthe importance to between 1862 and 1888, there have been in Tahiti and in Easter explore and to deepen understanding on three rather unrelated Island several points of contact that shape a kind of convergent aspects as follows. history. This phase of the historical period of Rapa Nui that First, a clarification of what really happened that day of 9 could be called the period ofTahitian influence, intimately in­ September 1888, as a basic element to understand current termingled with a French presence, has been comprehensively forces in decision-making. Second, a critical analysis of the use reviewed and discussed by Corinne Raybaud in 1993 (see also and abuse of ecological concepts and principles, as applied to Conte Oliveros 1994, McCall 1980, Porteous 1981, and Rochna the peculiar microcosm of Rapa Nui, in order to debunk myths 1996). Only a few points will be underlined, synthesized and obscuring development issues. Third, an understanding of the interpreted in this article, for the sake of looking forward to long lasting influences from Tahiti (and more indirectly from their consequences on the present and future ofEaster Island. France) on Rapanui culture, social organization, and land use, I argue here that this influence, for the best or the worst, as an element to build-up future scenarios. has extended up to recent times and even at present, by modify­ On the first aspect, I am pleased to know that Grant ing to a very large extent Rapanui memory, culture, language, McCall intends to do a special paper on the treaty. This would folklore and-above all--environmental perceptions and social be very timely at present, when a new distribution of lands to aspirations. From 1944 to 1958, 41 Rapanui tried to escape the Rapanui people is about to happen, although one can won­ their island prison in open fishing boats in the direction of Ta­ der whether and to what extent the small extensions of five hec­ hiti and the Tuamotus, and half ofthem disappeared at sea. Still tares (parcelas) to be distributed, with uneven fertility potential in the middle of 1960s, most Rapanui people considered Tahiti and almost no infrastructures, can be settled, cultivated, and as a kind of lost paradise. The larger Rapanui Diaspora, of sev­ exploited. eral hundreds of persons, still lives in the Pamatai quarter of On the second aspect, which corresponds better to my Faaa (near Pape'ete). Almost all Rapanui islanders have close own scientific background on ecological management as a basis relatives in Tahiti or other parts of French Polynesia. They for development and decision-making (di Castri et al. 1984a share with them the aspiration towards a greater autonomy, or and 1984b, di Castri 1998b, di Castri and Glaser 1979, di Castri the rejection ofthe past French nuclear policy in the Pacific. and Younes 1996, Brookfield 1980), several concepts and prin­ The autochthonous Rapanui cultural patterns, partly or ciples should be critically revisited in Easter Island. Concepts largely superimposed with the Tahitian ones during the last 150 include those ofcarrying capacity oflocal populations (past and years or so, but still keeping a Polynesian nature, are at present Rapa Nui Journal 100 Vol. 13 (3) September 1999 Published by Kahualike, 1999 1 Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation, Vol. 13 [1999], Iss. 4, Art. 2 flooded by Chilean cultural influences. This is mostly because litical forces (the concurrent colonial expansion ofFrance), of the ovelWhelming impact of Chilean media, the progres­ and religious forces (the very powerful congregation ofthe sively vanishing Rapanui-Polynesian language, the increased Sacres-Cceurs, with headquarters at Rue de Picpus in rate of migration of Chilean people from the continent to cover Paris). service activities related to an expanding economic growth, the As a consequence, the original cultural patterns are more larger number of Chilean tourists, and also the effects of the forgotten and absent in Easter Island, and more difficult to be Chilean indigenous law (Ley Indigena), which is considered to retrieved, identified and recuperated, than nowhere else in this be more favorable for local people than equivalent laws in vast region. The records obtained from the Rapanui survivors French Polynesia. The value system of the Rapanui society is are the poorest in all inhabited Polynesia (Buck 1938, Metraux shifting accordingly from a Polynesian to a Chilean one. In this 1940). Even the memory of comparatively recent events, (e.g., respect, it is interesting to note some dichotomy that emerges in contacts with the first Europeans or Captain Cook's voyages) is the appreciation of the present social and economic situation of absent in Rapa Nui, while it is very present in minds of people Easter Island, between Rapanui living in the island and their from Tahiti, Huahine or Hawai'i, where Cook is still called French-Polynesian Diaspora in Tahiti (see also Barria 1999). Tute. No native population in Polynesia has been subjected to Following Buck (1938), I take the Tahitian coverage in a such a succession of disintegrating influences as the people of broad sense as applied to all Society Islands, not only Tahiti Rapa Nui. In addition, memory in Polynesia is primarily linked and the Windward Islands, but also the Leeward (Sous-le-Vent) to land occupation and possession. Rapanui people have lost Islands, including Ra'iatea (called also Hava'i,fanau'rafenua, their memory, not only because of internecine wars and Peru­ the birthplace of lands of all Polynesians). This is the center of vian slavery raids, but also because of land dispossession by the Polynesian triangle, of which Rapa Nui is the apex. Some­ Tahitian farmers, Catholic missionaries, the Chilean govern­ times, the sense is even broader, covering the rest of French ment, and the sheep ranching company. Polynesia (Gambier, Austral, Tuamotu and Marquesan Islands). The political convergence refers to the role played by France at that time in the southern-eastern Polynesia, and the CONVERGENT AND DIVERGENT HISTORICAL EVOLUTION attractiveness of its power.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • News and Notes
    Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation Volume 18 Article 24 Issue 1 May 2004 News and Notes Follow this and additional works at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj Part of the History of the Pacific slI ands Commons, and the Pacific slI ands Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation (2004) "News and Notes," Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation: Vol. 18 : Iss. 1 , Article 24. Available at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol18/iss1/24 This Commentary or Dialogue is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Hawai`i Press at Kahualike. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation by an authorized editor of Kahualike. For more information, please contact [email protected]. et al.: News and Notes MOAl ~lGtt\"lNGt~ IN OUR VOLUME 17(1) ISSUE of Rapa Nui Journal (May 2003), we noted that tissue cases in the shape of a moai head were on sale from Ebay; one pulls a tissue from its nose. Since then, these 'Tiki Head Tissue Box Covers" have ap­ peared in catalogs all over the country, advertised as a "delightfully heady presence". We now have received dozens of the e advertisements (please, folks, no more....). MEANWHll..E, RAPANUIPHILE, Bob Chisnell wrote a letter of This "moai sighting" was sent in by Avonne Bradshaw of Phoenix, protest to a magazine that was advertising them: Sirs: I have and rather leaves us speechJe s. In that Light, we ask our readers to supply an appropriate caption.
    [Show full text]
  • WILD POLYNESIAN ESCAPE: TAHITI to BORA BORA Current Route: Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia to Bora Bora, French Polynesia
    WILD POLYNESIAN ESCAPE: TAHITI TO BORA BORA Current route: Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia to Bora Bora, French Polynesia 6 Days National Geographic Orion 102 Guests Expeditions in: May/Jun/Aug From $5,880 to $12,990 * Call us at 1.800.397.3348 or call your Travel Agent. In Australia, call 1300.361.012 • www.expeditions.com DAY 1: Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia padding Arrive in Tahiti and proceed directly to National 2022 Departure Dates: Geographic Orion for embarkation. While in port this morning, take some time to freshen up and 22 May settle into your cabin as we prepare to depart. 16 Jun, 21 Jun Alternatively, choose to walk around downtown 5 Aug, 10 Aug Papeete and visit the central market where vendors sell fresh fruit, pareos, art and coveted 2023 Departure Dates: black pearls. Join us for lunch aboard and be on 5 May, 10 May deck as we set sail from Tahiti toward the Tuamotu Archipelago. This afternoon meet the staff and 2024 Departure Dates: fellow travelers and settle into island time. (B,L,D) 30 Mar 4 Apr DAY 2: Rangiroa padding Advance Payment: The atoll of Rangiroa is a ring of slender islands known for some of the best diving and snorkeling $750 in French Polynesia. The turquoise lagoon at its center is the second-largest in the world. Kayak, snorkel, and scuba dive in the rich waters here, home to large schools of pelagic fish, manta rays, dolphins, and sea turtles. (B,L,D) DAY 3: Makatea padding An uplifted coral atoll, the island of Makatea is one of the most unique landforms in the Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Securing the Maritime Domain: U.S
    National Security Journal Published by: Centre for Defence http://nationalsecurityjournal.nz and Security Studies, Massey University ISSN: 2703-1926 (print) ISSN: 2703-1934 (online) Securing the Maritime Domain: U.S. and New Zealand in a Bordered Pacific Author: Nicklin, Germana To cite this article: Nicklin, G. (2021). Securing the Maritime Domain: U.S. and New Zealand in a Bordered Pacific. National Security Journal, 3(2). doi: 10.36878/nsj20210317.03 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.36878/nsj20210317.03 View CrossRef data: https://search.crossref.org/?q=10.36878%2Fnsj20210317.03 Journal Article published 17 March 2021 in National Security Journal. SECURING THE MARITIME DOMAIN: U.S. AND NEW ZEALAND IN A BORDERED PACIFIC Germana Nicklin1 Maritime security in the Pacific differs according to whose security is under threat and in what geographical location. Like the fluidity of the ocean, maritime secu- rity is dynamic involving multiple interests. But the Pacific is also a very bordered space. Drawing on a December 2019 study tour of US defence facilities in Hawai’i, this article addresses the question “How are United States (US) and New Zealand maritime security interests bordered in the Pacific and what are the implications?” First, the article situates maritime security within state territoriality and defence of borders. It then examines the Pacific Ocean as a bordered space, and sketches US and New Zealand interests within it, including differentiating Indo-Pacific from Pacific. Next, each country’s means of securing their maritime domains in the Pacific is explicated, the arenas of cooperation and gaps in knowledge worth re- searching further.
    [Show full text]
  • Title: Expressions of Tangaroa
    A voyage in visual form Loretta Reynolds 2010 A thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art & Design (MA&D) School of Art & Design Supervisors: Dale Fitchett and Simon Clark 1 Table of contents Page Table of contents ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 Attestation of Authorship …………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………………………................... 5 Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 Introduction ………………………………….…………………………………………………………… 7 Chapter 1 Tangaroa’s place in traditional Rarotongan theology ………………………………… 11 Chapter 2 The history and the influence of the Church in Rarotonga …………………………… 13 Chapter 3 Tangaroa and cultural patterns in contemporary times......……………………………. 15 3.1 The resurrection of Tangaroa ……………………………………………………………. 15 3.2 Tangaroas importance and his place as an icon of national identity…………………. 16 3.3 Tangaroa in signage and public art………………………………………………………. 25 3.4 Cultural patterns & symbols of the Cook Islands’ used in the project………………… 27 Chapter 4 Methods and processes …………………………………………………………………. 28 2 4.1 Sign writing techniques……………………………………………………………………… 28 4.2 Engaging a contemporary perspective of Tangaroa……………………………………… 29 4.3 Introducing the morphing process to the project………………………………………….. 31 4.4 Testing the morphing idea…………………………….……………………………………… 32 4.5 Expressing the linear traditions of carved wood……………………………………….. 34 Chapter 5. Project exhibition………………………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Human Discovery and Settlement of the Remote Easter Island (SE Pacific)
    quaternary Review Human Discovery and Settlement of the Remote Easter Island (SE Pacific) Valentí Rull Laboratory of Paleoecology, Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera (ICTJA-CSIC), C. Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] Received: 19 March 2019; Accepted: 27 March 2019; Published: 2 April 2019 Abstract: The discovery and settlement of the tiny and remote Easter Island (Rapa Nui) has been a classical controversy for decades. Present-day aboriginal people and their culture are undoubtedly of Polynesian origin, but it has been debated whether Native Americans discovered the island before the Polynesian settlement. Until recently, the paradigm was that Easter Island was discovered and settled just once by Polynesians in their millennial-scale eastward migration across the Pacific. However, the evidence for cultivation and consumption of an American plant—the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)—on the island before the European contact (1722 CE), even prior to the Europe-America contact (1492 CE), revived controversy. This paper reviews the classical archaeological, ethnological and paleoecological literature on the subject and summarizes the information into four main hypotheses to explain the sweet potato enigma: the long-distance dispersal hypothesis, the back-and-forth hypothesis, the Heyerdahl hypothesis, and the newcomers hypothesis. These hypotheses are evaluated in light of the more recent evidence (last decade), including molecular DNA phylogeny and phylogeography of humans and associated plants and animals, physical anthropology (craniometry and dietary analysis), and new paleoecological findings. It is concluded that, with the available evidence, none of the former hypotheses may be rejected and, therefore, all possibilities remain open.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Ethnohistory of Rapa Island, French Polynesia, AD 1791–1840
    2 ‘Dwelling carelessly, quiet and secure’ A brief ethnohistory of Rapa Island, French Polynesia, AD 1791–1840 Atholl Anderson Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, [email protected] Introduction In 1826, the first European missionary to Rapa, the Rev. John Davies, quoted Judges 18:7 in seeing the Rapans as ‘dwelling carelessly, quiet and secure, and having no business with any man’ (in Stokes n.d.:28; an idiomatic rendering of the passage). It was to some extent, possibly to a great extent, quite illusory. Rapa was certainly isolated by comparison with most of East Polynesia, and it was small, mountainous and relatively cold, but even the first European visitors found that Rapans exhibited evidence of contact with the outside world, and within Rapan traditions, historical observations and ethnographic data which together form the stuff of ethnohistory, the theme of contact and change is illustrated continually. Rapan society was East Polynesian in ancestry and culture. Rapans spoke an East Polynesian language, but its closest affinities were puzzling for a long time. The earliest historical contacts with Rapans showed that they found both Hawaiian and Tahitian largely unintelligible and later characterisation of Rapan by European scholars was confused because of the early introduction of Tahitian by missionaries and, after 1863, of other Polynesian languages by Tongans, Tokelauans and Cook Islanders, whose descendants came eventually to represent nearly half of the population (Stokes 1955). Samuel Stutchbury had observed, presciently, in 1826 (in Richards 2004:5) that the Rapan language was ‘something resembling the Marquesan’, but Horatio Hale (1968:141), about 1840, ‘obtained at Tahiti, from a native of Rapa, a brief vocabulary of the language spoken there, which turns out to be, with a few verbal exceptions, pure Rarotongan, and this in its minute peculiarities’, while the missionaries William Ellis (1838) and M.
    [Show full text]
  • Polynesian Voyaging Society COPYRIGHT APPROVALS
    OFFICE OF HAWAIIAN AFFAIRS DRAFT AND PENDING ANY OFFICE OF HAWAIIAN AFFAIRS PHOTO Polynesian Voyaging Society COPYRIGHT APPROVALS. Paia Kāne Program Improvement Section Office of Hawaiian Affairs 560 North Nimitz Highway, Suite 200 Honolulu, HI 96817 www.oha.org OFFICE OF HAWAIIAN AFFAIRS DRAFT AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PENDING ANY Contents Over 40 years ago, a small group of visionaries, Herb Kane, Tommy Holmes, and Ben Finney, founded the Polynesian Voyaging Society (PVS), thus putting their dreams PHOTOinto motion begin- Executive Summary 2 ning with the Höküle`a , a double-hull canoe which eventually evolved into an internationally recognized symbol of Hawaiian culture and a reconnection to ancestral landsCOPYRIGHT via sailing voyages Introduction 4 to Polynesia. Purpose 4 The Polynesian Voyaging Society reintroduced the lost art of wayfinding byAPPROVALS. embarking on a series of long distance voyages starting with the construction of double hull ocean voyaging Scope 4 canoes. In 1975, the Höküle`a was built followed a few years later by the Hawai`iloa, and the Hikianalia in 2012. Polynesian Voyaging Society 5 Höküle`a as drawn worldwide attention since its voyage of rediscovery in 1976, retracing the routes of settlement used by Polynesian ancestors. Today, Höküle`a and its sister ship, Hikiana- OHA Sponsorship 5 lia, have chosen to not only promote Hawaiian culture, but to draw attention to the modern day problems that plague our Island Earth. Prelude to WWV 6 Their 2013 worldwide voyage is named Mälama Honua (Care for the Earth) and will cover a Funding 7 four-year span beginning with a training voyage around the Hawaiian Islands called Mälama Hawai`i with scheduled stops at 32 locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Table 1 Comprehensive International Points List
    Table 1 Comprehensive International Points List FCC ITU-T Country Region Dialing FIPS Comments, including other 1 Code Plan Code names commonly used Abu Dhabi 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Aden 5 967 YE include with Yemen Admiralty Islands 7 675 PP include with Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Arch'p'go.) Afars and Assas 1 253 DJ Report as 'Djibouti' Afghanistan 2 93 AF Ajman 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area 9 44 AX include with United Kingdom Al Fujayrah 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Aland 9 358 FI Report as 'Finland' Albania 4 355 AL Alderney 9 44 GK Guernsey (Channel Islands) Algeria 1 213 AG Almahrah 5 967 YE include with Yemen Andaman Islands 2 91 IN include with India Andorra 9 376 AN Anegada Islands 3 1 VI include with Virgin Islands, British Angola 1 244 AO Anguilla 3 1 AV Dependent territory of United Kingdom Antarctica 10 672 AY Includes Scott & Casey U.S. bases Antigua 3 1 AC Report as 'Antigua and Barbuda' Antigua and Barbuda 3 1 AC Antipodes Islands 7 64 NZ include with New Zealand Argentina 8 54 AR Armenia 4 374 AM Aruba 3 297 AA Part of the Netherlands realm Ascension Island 1 247 SH Ashmore and Cartier Islands 7 61 AT include with Australia Atafu Atoll 7 690 TL include with New Zealand (Tokelau) Auckland Islands 7 64 NZ include with New Zealand Australia 7 61 AS Australian External Territories 7 672 AS include with Australia Austria 9 43 AU Azerbaijan 4 994 AJ Azores 9 351 PO include with Portugal Bahamas, The 3 1 BF Bahrain 5 973 BA Balearic Islands 9 34 SP include
    [Show full text]
  • Villa Bora Bora One - Asia Pacific, Bora Bora
    VILLA BORA BORA ONE - ASIA PACIFIC, BORA BORA 10 GUESTS, 5 BEDROOMS VILLA BORA BORA ONE SUMMARY Asia Pacific, Bora Bora Lagoon & mountain views 10 Guests Private beach 5 Bedrooms Swimming pool Tennis court Landscaped gardens Terraces Outdoor living & dining Wi-Fi LOCATION An exclusive beachfront villa on the island of Bora Bora Asia Pacific, Bora Bora Bora Bora One is an exclusive villa surrounded by the splendid natural environment and offering tasteful and elegant furnishings. This dream property has a private beach GUESTS and state-of-the-art amenities. Guests have the privilege of up to 10 experiencing total privacy on one of the most beautiful islands of French Polynesia. BEDROOMS The private white sand beach faces the lagoon and guests can spend hours swimming in the turquoise waters before 5 soaking up the sun on the loungers or enjoying the shade from a palm tree-strung hammock. RENTAL PERIOD Guests can enjoy the refreshing infinity pool, or have a game Weekly of tennis on the full-size tennis court, which is just a short walk from the main house. There’s also a host of equipment for land sports as well as water sports from football and PRICE volleyball nets to jet skis and paddle boards. From 105,000 EUR There are plenty of spaces for entertaining outdoors with a beachfront pergola complete with bar and sound system, a MORE barbecue area, and several terraces decked out with comfortable lounge seating, day beds and hammocks. Price per week. Price for shorter stays available on The tropical gardens are full of exotic fruit trees and there is request; minimum stay 4 also an organic vegetable garden where the chef grows nights.
    [Show full text]
  • Report for the 2002 Pacific Biological Survey, Bishop Museum Austral Islands, French Polynesia Expedition to Raivavae and Rapa Iti
    Rapa K.R. Wood photo New Raivavae Damselfly Sicyopterus lagocephalus: Raivavae REPORT FOR THE 2002 PACIFIC BIOLOGICAL SURVEY, BISHOP MUSEUM AUSTRAL ISLANDS, FRENCH POLYNESIA EXPEDITION TO RAIVAVAE AND RAPA ITI Prepared for: Délégation à la Recherche (Ministère de la Culture, de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche), B.P. 20981 Papeete, Tahiti, Polynésie française. Prepared by: R.A. Englund Pacific Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 March 2003 Contribution No. 2003-004 to the Pacific Biological Survey 2002 Trip Report: Expedition to Raivavae and Rapa, Austral Islands, French Polynesia TABLE OF CONTENTS Résumé ..................................................................................................................................................................iii Abstract.................................................................................................................................................................. iv Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Study Area.............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Aquatic Habitats- Raivavae .............................................................................................................................. 3 Aquatic Habitats- Rapa....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • EASTER ISLAND to TAHITI: TALES of the PACIFIC 2022 Route: Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia to Easter Island, Chile
    EASTER ISLAND TO TAHITI: TALES OF THE PACIFIC 2022 route: Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia to Easter Island, Chile 19 Days National Geographic Resolution - 126 Guests National Geographic Orion - 102 Guests Expeditions in: Mar From $20,000 to $43,590 * Following in the wake of early Polynesian navigators, this voyage takes you to the farthest reaches of Oceania. From remote and enigmatic Easter Island, to the historically significant Pitcairn Islands through the “low islands” of the Tuamotu Archipelago to Tahiti, you’ll visit islands that are virtually inaccessible and untouched. The voyage begins in one of the most isolated landfalls of Polynesia: Easter Island. Walk the length of untouched tropical beaches, meet the descendants of H.M.S. Bounty mutineers, and drift dive or snorkel through an atoll pass. Call us at 1.800.397.3348 or call your Travel Agent. In Australia, call 1300.361.012 • www.expeditions.com DAY 1: U.S./Papeete, French Polynesia padding Depart in the late afternoon for Tahiti and arrive late in the evening on the same day. Check into a hotel room and spend the evening at your leisure. 2022 Departure Dates: 8 Nov DAY 2: Papeete/Embark padding This morning enjoy breakfast at your leisure and 2023 Departure Dates: spend some time exploring the resort while 6 Apr, 17 Apr adjusting to island time. Meet your fellow travelers for lunch and then join us for a tour of Tahiti before Important Flight Information embarking the ship in the late afternoon. (B,L,D) Please confirm arrival and departure dates prior to booking flights.
    [Show full text]
  • The Canoe Is the People LEARNER's TEXT
    The Canoe Is The People LEARNER’S TEXT United Nations Local and Indigenous Educational, Scientific and Knowledge Systems Cultural Organization Learnerstxtfinal_C5.indd 1 14/11/2013 11:28 The Canoe Is the People educational Resource Pack: Learner’s Text The Resource Pack also includes: Teacher’s Manual, CD–ROM and Poster. Produced by the Local and Indigenous Knowledge Systems (LINKS) Programme, UNESCO www.unesco.org/links Published in 2013 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France ©2013 UNESCO All rights reserved The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Coordinated by Douglas Nakashima, Head, LINKS Programme, UNESCO Author Gillian O’Connell Printed by UNESCO Printed in France Contact: Douglas Nakashima LINKS Programme UNESCO [email protected] 2 The Canoe Is the People: Indigenous Navigation in the Pacific Learnerstxtfinal_C5.indd 2 14/11/2013 11:28 contents learner’s SECTIONTEXT 3 The Canoe Is the People: Indigenous Navigation in the Pacific Learnerstxtfinal_C5.indd 3 14/11/2013 11:28 Acknowledgements The Canoe Is the People Resource Pack has benefited from the collaborative efforts of a large number of people and institutions who have each contributed to shaping the final product.
    [Show full text]