DOCSLIB.ORG

A Key to the Second Instar Larvae of the Thripidae of the Western Palaearctic Region (Thysanoptera)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Key to the Second Instar Larvae of the Thripidae of the Western Palaearctic Region (Thysanoptera) A key to the second instar larvae of the Thripidae of the Western Palaearctic region (Thysanoptera) G. (Bert) Vierbergen, Halina Kucharczyk & William D. J. Kirk A key to the second instar larvae of 130 species of Thripidae occurring in the Western Palaearctic Region is presented, covering 40% of the total number of Thripidae species from that region. Additionally some species of quarantine interest are included in the key: Scirtothrips aurantii Faure, S. citri Moulton, S. dorsalis Hood, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard), Stenchaetothrips spinalis Reyes, Taeniothrips eucharii (Whetzel) and Thrips parvispinus Karny. Sampling and preparation techniques of second instar larvae of Thysanoptera are given. In contrast with adults, second instar larvae provide reliable distribution and host plant data for species. Additionally, larvae are often encountered during import inspections of plant products and their identification enhances the efficiency of quarantine measures for harmful species. G. (Bert) Vierbergen*, Department of Entomology, Reference Laboratory for Phytosanitary Diagnostics, Plant Protection Service, 6700 HC Wageningen, P.O. Box 9102, The Netherlands. [email protected] Halina Kucharczyk, Department of Zoology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20–033 Lublin, Poland. [email protected] William D. J. Kirk, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K. [email protected] Introduction quiescent immature stages, known as propupa, pupa When studying Thysanoptera, specimens of the I and pupa II. The third quiescent stage, pupa II, adult stage are most commonly encountered. Iden- occurs only in the family Phlaeothripidae. Although tification keys to the nearly 6000 described species, Thysanoptera are exopterygote, having wing pads in based on morphological features of these adults, are the quiescent stages, there is extensive replacement of available for several regions of the world, for example juvenile structures with adult structures during the a key to the species of Europe and the Mediterranean quiescent stages. This means that they are effectively Area (Zur Strassen 2003). There are also several keys holometabolous and so it is appropriate to use the to the pest species of the world (Palmer et al. 1989, terms “larva” and “pupa” for the immature stages, Mound & Kibby 1998, Moritz et al. 2001). How- rather than the term “nymph” (Nüesch 1987, Rich- ever, when studying subjects such as host-plant rela- ards & Davies 1977, Moritz 1997). This terminology tionships, faunistics or pests in international trade, it is used throughout the literature on Thysanoptera. is common that only larvae are available, and iden- The larvae have been described for some common tification of these is hampered by the lack of keys to or pest species of Terebrantia, but there are almost immatures. In particular, immatures of the large sub- no descriptions of the pupae. Larvae and pupae are order Terebrantia are often collected, but can only be easily overlooked because they are so small, but the identified with molecular identification techniques pupae are even less often encountered because they or after rearing to the adult stage. occur typically in the soil or hidden within recesses The Thysanoptera have two active immature stages, on plants. Most studies of immature thrips stages known as larva I and larva II, and two or three have focused on the second instar larvae, since these Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 153: 99–160, Figs 1–285. [ISSN 0040–7496]. http://www.nev.nl/tve © 2010 Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published 1 June 2010. Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 11:28:11PM * Corresponding author via free access 100 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 153, 2010 Table 1. Identification keys for second instar larvae of Thripidae Subject reference number of species Europe Priesner 1928 58 Principally injurious glasshouse thrips Speyer & Parr 1941 27 Europe Priesner 1964 89 Sericothrips in Illinois Vance 1974 11 Kurtomathrips in Mexico Gerdes, 1980 2 Cultivated plants in Japan Miyazaki & Kudo 1986 12 Common in flowers in Australia Kirk 1987 5 Morus bombycis in Japan Miyazaki & Kudo 1989 4 Common British species Kirk 1996 15 Granite belt stonefruit trees in Australia Milne et al. 1997 5 Frankliniella in Europe Nakahara & Vierbergen 1999 7 Hydatothrips in Japan Kudo 1998 7 Frankliniella spp. and Thrips tabaci in Argentina Borbon 2007 6 are easiest to find and study, but identification keys are usually not available for them and as a result rel- evant data are lost. This paper will help to provide a better understanding of thrips larvae. Material and methods Identification keys for second instar larvae H. Priesner (1891–1974) was the first to provide descriptions of larvae of many European species and to publish keys “for their convenient separation” (Speyer & Parr 1941, Zur Strassen 1975). He stud- ied the second larval instar not only of the Thripi- dae, but also of the large families Aeolothripidae and Phlaeothripidae which were keyed out by him (Pries- ner 1928, 1964). However, there are problems when identifying most species with Priesner’s keys, because they are characterized by only one or a few charac- ters, without figures. Additionally, some of the larvae studied by Priesner to create a dichotomous key did not belong to the species he assigned them to. Later on, several authors have given detailed descriptions of Thripidae larvae, partly or completely derived from rearing experiments (Table 1). These studies usually treat a restricted group of species, either found in a specific habitat or a taxonomic selection. At the VIIth International Symposium on Thysanoptera and Tospoviruses at Reggio Calabria, Italy, Septem- ber 2000, S. Nakahara presented a comprehensive key to 117 species and 27 genera mostly encoun- tered during inspection of agricultural consignments imported into the USA. This key, together with the Thripidae key of Priesner (1964), is used as the basis 1 2 for the key presented here. The nomenclature we Figs 1–2. Second instar larvae. – 1, Frankliniella occi- use is according to Zur Strassen (2003) and Mound dentalis, on leaf tissue; 2, Thrips angusticeps, macerated, (2008). on a microscope slide. Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 11:28:11PM via free access Vierbergen et al.: Key to second instar Thripidae 101 D3 D2 D1 D4 D3 D2 D4 D5 VII Sc D6 D1 D7 3 VI V Sp D3 D1 D2 IV 4 Cs D1 D2 Cs III D1 D2 5 6 Figs 3–6. Chaetotaxy and indication of spiracles, pores and sense cones, reference microscopy. – 3-4, Thrips vulga- tissimus, Chaetotaxy of head and pronotum (3) chaetotaxy of abdominal tergite II, Sp – spiracle (4); 5, Pezothrips dianthi, chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites IX and X, Cs – campaniform sensilla; 6, T. major, right antennal segments III-VII, Sc – sense cone. Fourteen North American species were keyed out of entry, Nakahara & Vierbergen (1999) published for the second instar larvae by Vance (1974). Miya- a key to the larvae II of the European Frankliniella zaki & Kudo (1986) gave excellent descriptions of Karny, 1910 species. Kirk (1987) keyed out both lar- the larvae II of twelve Japanese thrips pest species val instars of five Australian flower thrips species. In in a study forming part of a research programme to addition Milne et al. (1997) provided a key to both develop control measures for the recently introduced larval instars of five species occurring on stonefruit Thrips palmi Karny, 1925. To identify species harm- in Queensland, including the recently introduced ful to crops, and, additionally, to make decisions Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895). about infested agricultural shipments at the port Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 11:28:11PM via free access 102 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 153, 2010 V1 V3 V1 V2 V3 7 8 Figs 7–8. Thrips palmi Karny, abdominal sternite IX. – 7, female larva II; 8, male larva II. Sampling and preparation of body shape is difficult to perform. Often larvae The unwinged thrips larvae (Fig. 1) can be collected are insufficiently macerated or the body is flattened by the methods 1–6 described by Mantel & Vierber- by the weight of the coverslip, resulting in e.g. invis- gen (1996). Depending on the objective for studying ibility of abdominal tergites and sternites through larvae some methods are much more efficient than lack of body content. Preservation in AGA is prob- others. Dr. I. Zawirska (Institute of Plant Protection, ably best to prevent such anomalies (Gutierrez 1985, Poznan, Poland) and the second author collected Rondon 2009). plant material in linen bags, which was subsequently After mounting in a hydrophilic medium the cov- analyzed at the laboratory. The plant material was erslip should be ringed with an additional medium dissected carefully under the stereomicroscope with such as Glyptal (used in acarology: Faraji & Bakker, the aim of detecting thrips specimens that were hid- 2008). Without a surrounding medium, air will pen- den in plant tissue, including larvae. This sampling etrate under the coverslip and subsequently destroy method is time consuming, but damage symptoms the larval specimen over time. and larval host plant relationships can be established better. Morphology and nomenclature Preparation for microscopic study of Thripidae lar- Speyer & Parr (1941) and Heming (1991) described vae (Fig. 2) is completely different from prepara- the morphological features of some Terebrantia sec- tion of the well chitinized adult thrips and larvae of ond instar larvae in detail and the chaetotaxal ter- some large Phlaeothripidae (Kobro & Rafoss 2001). minology they proposed is followed here with some Non-permanent slides of adults or larvae can be pre- minor changes. We use the same numbers and char- pared in a droplet of lactic acid under a coverslip and acters for setae, but these are preceded by a ‘D’ or heated (70° C) for 10–15 minutes. For permanent a ‘V’ respectively according to whether they are on slides, adults can be mounted in Canada balsam, a dorsal or ventral body segment (Figs 3–5).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Leptispini) Kaniyarikkal Divakaran Prathapan1, Caroline S
    Zoological Studies 48(5): 625-631 (2009) Natural History and Leaf Shelter Construction of the Asian Rice Leptispa Beetle Leptispa pygmaea Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Leptispini) Kaniyarikkal Divakaran Prathapan1, Caroline S. Chaboo2,*, and Kolandaivelu Karthikeyan3 1Department of Entomology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani P.O., Trivandrum 695 522, Kerala, India E-mail:[email protected] 2Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 1501 Crestline Dr., Suite 140, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66049-2811, USA. E-mail:[email protected] 3Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Pattambi, Palakkad 679 306, Kerala, India E-mail:[email protected] (Accepted January 15, 2009) Kaniyarikkal Divakaran Prathapan, Caroline S. Chaboo, and Kolandaivelu Karthikeyan (2009) Natural history and leaf shelter construction of the Asian rice leptispa beetle, Leptispa pygmaea Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Leptispini). Zoological Studies 48(5): 625-631. The leaf-roll construction by the Asian rice leptispa beetle Leptispa pygmaea Baly (Cassidinae: Leptispini) was studied. Consistent adult feeding on the adaxial side of tender rice leaves Oryza sativa Linnaeus (Poaceae) induces partial upward rolling of the leaf lamina. Adult leaf rolls are ephemeral and not apparent, and they unfurl once the beetle leaves the leaf. Females oviposit clutches of up to 8 eggs mostly on the adaxial side of the leaf within such rolls. Neonate larvae migrate to the base of the leaf axil and feed by scraping, which induces formation of leaf rolls from the base where the leaf is already curled up. All 5 larval instars feed in this manner, migrating to new leaves and forming new leaf rolls.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the Insects David Grimaldi and Michael S
    Cambridge University Press 0521821495 - Evolution of the Insects David Grimaldi and Michael S. Engel Index More information INDEX 12S rDNA, 32, 228, 269 Aenetus, 557 91; general, 57; inclusions, 57; menageries 16S rDNA, 32, 60, 237, 249, 269 Aenigmatiinae, 536 in, 56; Mexican, 55; parasitism in, 57; 18S rDNA, 32, 60, 61, 158, 228, 274, 275, 285, Aenne, 489 preservation in, 58; resinite, 55; sub-fossil 304, 307, 335, 360, 366, 369, 395, 399, 402, Aeolothripidae, 284, 285, 286 resin, 57; symbioses in, 303; taphonomy, 468, 475 Aeshnoidea, 187 57 28S rDNA, 32, 158, 278, 402, 468, 475, 522, 526 African rock crawlers (see Ambermantis wozniaki, 259 Mantophasmatodea) Amblycera, 274, 278 A Afroclinocera, 630 Amblyoponini, 446, 490 aardvark, 638 Agaonidae, 573, 616: fossil, 423 Amblypygida, 99, 104, 105: in amber, 104 abdomen: function, 131; structure, 131–136 Agaoninae, 423 Amborella trichopoda, 613, 620 Abies, 410 Agassiz, Alexander, 26 Ameghinoia, 450, 632 Abrocomophagidae, 274 Agathiphaga, 560 Ameletopsidae, 628 Acacia, 283 Agathiphagidae, 561, 562, 567, 630 American Museum of Natural History, 26, 87, acalyptrate Diptera: ecological diversity, 540; Agathis, 76 91 taxonomy, 540 Agelaia, 439 Amesiginae, 630 Acanthocnemidae, 391 ages, using fossils, 37–39; using DNA, 38–40 ametaboly, 331 Acari, 99, 105–107: diversity, 101, fossils, 53, Ageniellini, 435 amino acids: racemization, 61 105–107; in-Cretaceous amber, 105, 106 Aglaspidida, 99 ammonites, 63, 642 Aceraceae, 413 Aglia, 582 Amorphoscelidae, 254, 257 Acerentomoidea, 113 Agrias, 600 Amphientomidae,
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the Insects
    CY501-C08[261-330].qxd 2/15/05 11:10 PM Page 261 quark11 27B:CY501:Chapters:Chapter-08: 8 TheThe Paraneopteran Orders Paraneopteran The evolutionary history of the Paraneoptera – the bark lice, fold their wings rooflike at rest over the abdomen, but thrips true lice, thrips,Orders and hemipterans – is a history beautifully and Heteroptera fold them flat over the abdomen, which reflected in structure and function of their mouthparts. There probably relates to the structure of axillary sclerites and other is a general trend from the most generalized “picking” minute structures at the base of the wing (i.e., Yoshizawa and mouthparts of Psocoptera with standard insect mandibles, Saigusa, 2001). to the probing and puncturing mouthparts of thrips and Relationships among paraneopteran orders have been anopluran lice, and the distinctive piercing-sucking rostrum discussed by Seeger (1975, 1979), Kristensen (1975, 1991), or beak of the Hemiptera. Their mouthparts also reflect Hennig (1981), Wheeler et al. (2001), and most recently by diverse feeding habits (Figures 8.1, 8.2, Table 8.1). Basal Yoshizawa and Saigusa (2001). These studies generally agree paraneopterans – psocopterans and some basal thrips – are on the monophyly of the order Hemiptera and most of its microbial surface feeders. Thysanoptera and Hemiptera suborders and a close relationship of the true lice (order independently evolved a diet of plant fluids, but ancestral Phthiraptera) with the most basal group, the “bark lice” (Pso- heteropterans were, like basal living families, predatory coptera), which comprise the Psocodea. One major issue is insects that suction hemolymph and liquified tissues out of the position of thrips (order Thysanoptera), which either their prey.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics of Thysanoptera, Pear Thrips and Other Economic Species
    SYSTEMATICS OF THYSANOPTERA, PEAR THRIPS AND OTHER ECONOMIC SPECIES Sueo Nakahara Systematic Entomology Laboratory U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Beltsville, Maryland USA Abstract The systematics of the Thysanoptera, and several economic species in the United States and Canada (North America) are discussed briefly. Morphological characters to distinguish the six families in North America and the following economic species, pear thrips (Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel)), basswood thrips (Thrips calcaratus Uzel), western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)), flower thrips (Frankliniella tritici (Fitch)), tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca (Hinds)), and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) are discussed. Introduction The common name for the order Thysanoptera is thrips. Other common names that have been used are bladderfeet and woodlouse. There is also a genus Thrips, which is the oldest name in the order. In the United States and Canada (North America), there are about 700 described species of thrips. Mound & Houston (1987) estimate about 4,500 known species worldwide and probably another 4,500, mainly in the tropics, that have not been described. 42 Most thrips are tiny and barely visible. They usually are 1-2 mm long, the smallest are about 0.5 mm and the largest found in the tropics are about 14 mm (Lewis 1973). They are found in flowers and various parts of the plants, and often pupate or spend part of their life cycle in soil or ground litter. Thrips have elongate bodies, which are often slightly to strongly flatten dorso-ventrally (Figs. 1-2). Antennae are 4- to 9-segmented. The right mandible is vestigial and the left mandible is developed.
    [Show full text]
  • NO GÊNERO Frankliniella
    ESTUDOS TAXONÔMICOS DE TRIPES (THYSANOPTERA) CONSTATADOS NO BRASIL, COM ÊNFASE NO GÊNERO Frankliniella RENATA CHIARINIMONTEIRO EngenheiraAgrônoma Orientadores: Prof. Dr. ROBERTO A. ZUCCHI Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. LAURENCEA. MOUND Tese apresentada à Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, para obtenção do titulo de Doutor em Ciências, Área de Concentração:Entomologia. PIRACICABA Estado de São Paulo - Brasil Novembro -1999 Dados Internacionais de catalogação na Publicação (CIP> DIVISÃO DE BIBLIOTECA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO - campus "Luiz de QueiroZ"/USP Monteiro, Renata Chiarini Estudos taxonômicos de tripes (Thysanoptera) constatados no Brasil, com ênfaseno gênero FrankliníellaI Renata Chiarini Monteiro. -- Piracicaba, 1999. p. Tese (doutorado) -- EscolaSuperior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, 1999. Bibliografia 1. Classificação (biologia) 2. inseto-nocivo 3. Praga agrícola 4. Tripes 1. Título CDD 632.731 11 A minha familia, pelas oportunidades, apoio, incentivo e carinho, OFEREÇO. Ao meu marido e filho, Fernando e Pedro, pelos sentimentos maislindos, com carinho, DEDIDO. 111 AGRADECIMENTOS Ao prof. Dr. Roberto A. Zucchi e ao Dr. Laurence A. Mound, pelos ensinamentos, orientação e incentivo. Ao Dr. Sueo Nakahara, pelos ensinamentos, constante participação e acompanhamento. Ao Dr. Charles L. Cole, pela disposição constante em ajudar, uso de laboratório e equipamentose amizade. Aos Drs. Robert A. Wharton e S. Bradley Vinson, pela uso de laboratório e equipamentos. Aos Drs. Richard zur Strassen, Tamotsu Murai e Akira Kawai, pelas informações e trabalhos. A todos os professores do Departamento de Entomologia, pelos ensinamentos e convivência. Aos colegas e funcionários do Departamento de Entomologia, pela convivência e amizade. As minhasamigas, em especial àArdabil, Cláudia e Patrícia, pelo incentivoe carinho.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Chemical Insecticides and Neem Oil Hasina Mumutaj
    MANAGEMENT OF MUNGBEAN THRIPS (MEGALUROTHRIPS DISTALIS) USING CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES AND NEEM OIL HASINA MUMUTAJ DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY SHER-E-BANGLA NAGAR, DHAKA DECEMBER, 2014 MANAGEMENT OF MUNGBEAN THRIPS (MEGALUROTHRIPS DISTALIS) USING CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES AND NEEM OIL By HASINA MUMUTAJ REGISTRATION NO. 08-2669 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ENTOMOLOGY SEMESTER: JULY - DECEMBER, 2014 Approved by (Prof. Dr. Md. Abdul Latif) (Prof. Dr. Md. Razzab Ali) Supervisor Co-Supervisor (Dr. Mohammed Shakhawat Hossain) Chairman Examination Committee CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “MANAGEMENT OF MUNGBEAN THRIPS (MEGALUROTHRIPS DISTALIS) USING CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES AND NEEM OIL” submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ENTOMOLOGY, embodies the result of a piece of bona fide research work carried out by HASINA MUMUTAJ, Registration No. 08-2669 under my supervision and guidance. No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. I further certify that such help or source of information, as has been availed of during the course of this investigation has duly been acknowledged. Dated: December, 2014 (Prof. Dr. Md. Abdul Latif) Dhaka, Bangladesh Supervisor DEDICATED TO MY BELOVED PARENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praises and thanks are due to the Supreme Ruler of the Universe, the Almighty Allah for His grace bestowed upon the author for accomplishment of this research study.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Introduction
    INTRODUCTION 1 1. Introduction The order Thysanoptera (common name: thrips) encompasses minute insects which are usually only a few millimeters long. The majority of the species has fringed, banded wings as well as asymmetrical sucking and piercing mouthparts (only the left-hand side mandible is developed) (HEMING 1978; MOUND et al. 1980; MORITZ 1989b, 1997). Thrips also have a protrusible sac-like arolium at the apex of each leg (HEMING 1971; MOUND et al. 1980; MORITZ 1989c). These insects were first described by DE GEER in 1744 (Physapus), later LINNEAUS placed the species which were known at this time in a genus called Thrips, and in 1836 HALIDAY ranked these insects to the Thysanoptera order. Thysanoptera are distributed worldwide predominating in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions (LEWIS 1973, 1997). Currently about 5500 thrips species are described (10000 species estimated) (LEWIS 1997; MOUND 1997). Within Thysanoptera there are two suborders, Terebrantia and Tubulifera. Females of the Terebrantia possess an external ovipositor composed of four valves (HEMING 1970a; BODE 1975; MORITZ 1989d, 1997). In the tubuliferan species the ovipositor displays a flexible internal structure which is evertable (HEMING 1970a; MORITZ 1997). There are nine families within the Thysanoptera (MORITZ et al. 2001). Eight of these (Uzelothripidae, Merothripidae, Aeolothripidae, Melanthripidae, Adiheterothripidae, Fauriellidae, Heterothripidae, and Thripidae) belong to the Terebrantia. The suborder of Tubulifera includes only a single family, the Phlaeothripidae (MOUND 1997). 93 per cent of all known thrips species are placed in either the Thripidae or Phlaeothripidae (MOUND 1997) and of these two major families the Phlaeothripidae is the largest with about 3100 currently described species (MOUND et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely Available at Journal of Species Lists and Distribution Pecies S
    ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2011 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of species lists and distribution PECIES S OF MajidThrips Mirab-balou (Insecta: 1, Xiao-li TongThysanoptera) 2, Ji-nian Feng 3 and Xue-xin of China Chen 1* ISTS L 1 Institute of Insect Sciences, zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310029, China. 2 South China Agricultural University, Department of Entomology. Guangzhou 510642, China. 3 Northwest A. and F. University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. [email protected] * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: A new checklist of Thysanoptera from China (including Taiwan) is provided. In total 566 species in 155 genera are listed, of which there are 313 species in the suborder Terebrantia, comprising 290 species in 74 genera in family Thripidae, 18 species in three genera in Aeolothripidae, two species in one genus in Melanthripidae and three species in one genus in Merothripidae. In the suborder Tubulifera 253 species in 76 genera are listed in the single family Phlaeothripidae. Two species, Aeolothrips collaris and Odontothrips meliloti, are newly recorded for the fauna of China. Introduction and Forestry University (Yangling, Shaanxi prov.), Jun About 6000 species of Thysanoptera are known Wang and associates (2006-2011, 7 publications) at Jilin University (Jilin prov.), Xue-xin Chen and associates (2010- Terebrantia and Tubulifera, comprising eight families 2011, 6 publications) at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (Bhattifrom the 1979a world.1, dealing These arewith classified both living into and two fossil suborders forms; (Zhejiang prov.), and Chin-Lin Wang (1993–2010, 19 Mound et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Thysanoptera)
    Zootaxa 4418 (4): 370–378 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4418.4.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3144F112-EAC6-4A3E-94C7-1190FDE5260A One new species, two generic synonyms and eight new records of Thripidae from China (Thysanoptera) SHIMENG ZHANG1,2, ZHAOHONG WANG 3, YAJIN LI4 & LAURENCE MOUND1 1Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] 2Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education; Entomological Museum, North- west A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China 3Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China 4Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China Abstract Baliothrips sunae sp.n. is described from eastern China, and eight thripid species are newly recorded from China. One species is shared with Europe, three with Australia and four with southeast Asia. Chilothrips Hood is synonymized with Oxythrips Uzel, and Graminothrips Zhang & Tong is synonymized with Organothrips Hood. Key words: Edissa, Ensiferothrips, Indusiothrips, Moundinothrips, Striathrips Introduction The land area of China, at more than 9.5 million km2, approximates to that of the U.S.A. but extends south into tropical areas. The resulting diversity of biomes, from the cold northern forests and grasslands, to the rich tropical forests of the south, and the extensively dissected topography of the southwest, supports a highly diverse flora and fauna. This diversity is clearly reflected in the Thysanoptera fauna, with a few endemics (Li et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Thysanoptera: Terebrantia)
    Zootaxa 4554 (1): 239–254 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.8 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:63E90951-E624-4694-BFFB-BF1D43461704 Systematic significance of antennal segmentation and sense cones in Thripidae (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia) SHIMENG ZHANG1,2, LAURENCE A. MOUND2 & JINIAN FENG1,3 1Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education; Entomological Museum, North- west A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China 2Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Variation is discussed concerning the number of antennal segments in adults, and the number of their sense cones, among 182 of the 289 genera of Thripidae. Brief comments are also made concerning antennal structure and sensoria among the other seven terebrantian families. The plesiotypic condition for Thysanoptera is 9-segmented antennae, but fusion be- tween various segments leads to a reduction in number to as few as five segments, and such fusion occurs in unrelated species. In Thripidae, antennal segment III never bears more than one sense cone, but the distribution of sense cones on segments IV–VIII varies and is tabulated. On antennal segment IV, species in nearly all Panchaetothripinae genera and more than half of Thripinae genera have two sense cones, but genera of Dendrothripinae and Sericothripinae bear only one on this segment. The differing patterns of segmental fusion that occur in Thripidae are discussed in association with the number of sense cones on VI–VIII; species with 7, 8 or 9 segmented antennae almost always lack a sense cone on the terminal segment.
    [Show full text]
  • (Insecta, Thysanoptera) in a Semi-Arid Region of Brazil
    Chromosomal diversity and phylogenetic inferences concerning thrips (Insecta, Thysanoptera) in a semi-arid region of Brazil R.O. Brito, P.R.A.M. Affonso and J.C. Silva Jr. Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, BA, Brasil Corresponding author: J.C. Silva Jr. E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 9 (4): 2230-2238 (2010) Received May 8, 2010 Accepted July 9, 2010 Published November 16, 2010 DOI 10.4238/vol9-4gmr843 ABSTRACT. The order Thysanoptera is composed of cosmopolitan phytophagous and predaceous insects with diverse life histories, behaviors and habits. This order is currently thought to form a trichotomy with Hemiptera and Psocodea; Hemiptera and Thysanoptera are considered to be sister groups. The interrelationships within Thysanoptera remain unclear and cytotaxonomic studies are scarce in thrips. We report, for the first time, chromosomal data on seven species of thrips collected from a semi-arid region in the States of Bahia and Pernambuco (Northeast Brazil). A distinctive chromosomal pattern was observed in Thysanoptera when compared to other members within the infraclass Paraneoptera. Considerable karyotypic differences were also found within genera and species of Thysanoptera. Based on these data, we suggest that Paraneoptera forms a polyphyletic group and that Terebrantia and Tubulifera should be regarded as sister groups. The high chromosomal variability observed in Thysanoptera indicates that chromosomal rearrangements have played a key role in their speciation pathways. Key words: Cytotaxonomy; Chromosomal evolution; Thysanoptera; Paraneoptera Genetics and Molecular Research 9 (4): 2230-2238 (2010) ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Cytogenetics of thrips 2231 INTRODUCTION The order Thysanoptera mainly comprises phytophagous and tiny insects (0.5 to 15 mm in length) of elongated body that feed on fungi and leaves, which are popularly known as thrips (Mound and Marullo, 1996; Mound, 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Research Report 2016
    Kerala Agricultural University RESEARCH REPORT 2016 Edited by Dr. P. Indira Devi Kerala Agricultural University Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Directorate of Research acknowledges the following persons for their wholehearted support for the preparation of this report: The Honorable Vice Chancellor, KAU for the encouragement and support. All the respective Project Coordinators of the different PC groups of KAU. Mrs. Remisha Moideen, Skilled Assistant, Directorate of Research Mrs. Jeeshma.N.S, Skilled Assistant, Directorate of Research Dr.P.Indira Devi, Director of Research Dr.K.Krishnakumary, Associate Director of Research (Planning) Dr.Asha Shankar.M, Associate Director of Research (Farms & AR&T) Dr.C.Narayanankutty, Associate Director of Research (Seeds) Dr.Madhu Subramunnian, Associate Director of Research (M&E) 2 FOREWORD Kerala Agricultural University was established with a mission of meeting the challenges in agriculture sector by providing human resources, skills and technology for the sustainable development of state‟s agriculture. The University has set up its policy with the major goals of academic excellence, location specific and problem oriented research and revitalization of extension activities in agriculture and allied sectors. The technologies are generated in agriculture and allied areas by conducting basic, applied and adaptive research with special reference to socio-economic conditions of the farmers. The climatological and policy challenges in agriculture sector are more pronounced in the state of Kerala due to its location and cropping pattern. The research programmes are designed in addressing these challenges. The long term objectives aim to develop technologies that help to adapt as well as mitigate climate change impacts. With great pleasure, KAU is presenting the major research findings in the report which is a systematic compilation of the results of the several research programmes during 2015-16.
    [Show full text]