Uzbek: History, Today, Future

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2021 UZBEK: HISTORY, TODAY, FUTURE RASULOVA ZULFIYA Termez branch of Tashkent State Pedagogical University Teacher of the department of primary education" Contact number +99890 7460275, e-mail: [email protected] “Methods ABSTRACT: language. Works of atoyi, Sakkoki, Sayfi Palace, The history of the emergence and Lutfiy, Alisher Navoi, Babur, Mashrab, Turdi, development of the Uzbek language is Makhmur, Gulkhani, Muqimiy, Furqat, Zovqiy closely connected with the history of its and many other creators were created in this native speakers. The emergence of such a language. nation as the Uzbek people was associated The language used from the second half with the unification of a number of ethnic of the XIX century to the present time is now groups that united the Turkic and Iranian called the Uzbek language of literature. Since the languages. It is possible to know from the beginning of the publication of the" gazeti of the abundance of dialects in the Uzbek dialect, Turkistan re (from 1870-ies), all the works which is a big difference between this. created to the present day are examples of the current Uzbekgion” literary language. KEYWORDS: language, literature, new types The Uzbek language began to form as an of uzbek writing, knowledge. independent language from the XI century, and in the 12th century the old Uzbek literary INTRODUCTION: language began to form. The history of the Uzbek literary The old Uzbek language is associated language includes the following periods: with the name of the great Alisher Navai. Taking The period from BC to X centuries. The advantage of the wide opportunities of the old language of this period is referred to as the Uzbek language, he not only created great ancient Turkic language in science. Samples of works, he also wrote a major scientific work oral creativity of the ancient people, entitled "discussion-ul-lugatayn", which is a monuments of Orkhun-Enasoy (VI VII deeply scientific researcher, and proved by centuries) were created in the same convincing examples that the Uzbek language is language.The language in practice in the XI-XIV— not inferior to other languages. centuries is called the old Turkic language. The dictionary composition of the Mahmud Qashgari's" Devonu- -Turk current Uzbek literary language is based on 5 "("Turkish language Office"), Joseph Khosib's sources: "Kutadggi bilig" ("knowledge thatluğatit sends to 1. General Turkish words. happiness"), Ahmad Yugnaki's "Hibatul haqayiq 2. English words. "("army of truth"), Khorezmi's "love Book", 3. Persian- Tajik Words. Rabb's" 4. Arabic words. The works of "the story of the Lord" were 5. Russian words. created in this language. The language used The history of the Uzbek language can be from the 15th to the second half of the XIX divided into three stages: ancient Turkic, century was called the old Uzbek literary ancient Uzbek and modern Uzbek periods. 94 | P a g e NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2021 Ancient Turkic Language: 1940-th year by the order of Joseph Stalin was This stage belongs to the V-XI centuries. forcibly transferred to the Cyrillic script. Until The Turks gradually expelled the inhabitants of 1992, the Uzbek language was written in this the Indo-Iranian tribes along the coast of script. In 1993, Uzbekistan officially re-entered Sirdarya, Amudarya and Zarafshan. The the Latin script. It is currently used in medium of communication is the ancient Turkic educational institutions in Uzbekistan from language, on the basis of which many Asian Latin script. Still older adults and Uzbeks living languages appeared later. To date, there are outside Uzbekistan still apply from Cyrillic only parts of the ancient Turkic writing that are writing. depicted in cultural monuments belonging to that time. Arabic Writing: In Uzbekistan, Arabic script was used Current Uzbek Language: until 1929. Since the mid-1920s, an extensive In the XX century, the formation of the attack on Arabic writing began in Uzbekistan. modern Uzbek language began. The Fergana Arabic writing was declared the cause of our dialect, recognized by the entire population of backwardness, illiteracy, and religiosity. From Uzbekistan, formed its basis. Most of the the 1929-1930 academic year, Uzbekistan population spoke this dialect, which they know passed into the Latin script, and we were as the Sartian language, and its speakers were disconnected from the scientific, artistic and called sartians. Ethnic sartians did not belong to philosophical literature created and published the Uzbek people, but in the 20-ies of the last by the Uzbek people for centuries. century the word "sart" was abandoned, and the inhabitants of the country began to be called Directions: Uzbeks. The norms of the literary language Since 1929-th year passed from Arabic became more democratic, which made it much writing to new Latin writing. It was used until simpler. 1940-th year. C c Ç ç Uzbek Writing: Throughout the entire history of А а Б б Д д Е э Ə ə Ф ф development there were three different inscriptions in the Uzbek language. By the end of Г г Ƣ ƣ Ҳ ҳ И и Ж ж К к Л л М м the 20-ies of the last century, the ethnic group of Uzbeks was based on the Arabic alphabet. With Н н N̡ ᶇ О о Ө ө П п Қ қ Р р С с the emergence of Soviet power, the writing faced a number of reforms. Then, until 1938 Ş ş Т т У у В в Х х Й й З з Ƶ ƶ year, the Latin alphabet was used, and then switched to the Cyrillic alphabet. After the ъ Republic of Uzbekistan became an independent Cyrillic Writing: state in 1993, the Latin alphabet was returned In 1940-th year in Uzbekistan was again. transferred to the Cyrillic script. As a result of In history, many alphabets were used this, we were disconnected from scientific, to write the Uzbek language. Until 1928, literate artistic, pedagogical, educational literature, people wrote Uzbek in Arabic. From 1928 to published between 1929 and 1940. 1940 the Uzbek language was written in Latin. 95 | P a g e NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2021 Today in Uzbek writing, Arabic letters, Latin and Cyrillic letters are used in parallel. The А а Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ё ё Ж ж older generation prefers Cyrillic graphics, while З з И и Й й К к Л л М м Н н О о Uzbeks living abroad have learned Arabic letters. In schools, schoolchildren read Latin, so П п Р р С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц it is very difficult for students and schoolchildren to read books published in Soviet times. Ч ч Ш ш Ъ ъ Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я Ў ў Currently, according to information from Қ қ Ғ ғ Ҳ ҳ open sources, there are about 24 million people Taking into account the fact that from in Uzbekistan, about 3 million in Afghanistan, 1940 to 1991 books with 50 thousand titles about 1 million in Tajik, about 500,000 in Lamb, were published in the Uzbek language with a about 350,000 in Turkmenistan, about 300,000 medium score of 50 million copies (this does not in Russia speak Uzbek. include journals, gazettes published in those The Uzbek language (Uzbek) is a Turkic years), it becomes clear how much literature we language family of Altaic languages. This can avoid when we switch to Latin again. language is the state language in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Moving to Latin: Uzbekistan. But the most developed countries of the There are many words that are common world (they do not need to be counted) use Latin to all Turkic languages, which are now also used writing. Therefore, literature on the most in many Turkic languages, they existed in the modern techniques, natural sciences or social language of Turkic tribes from time studies of the present will be covered on the immemorial, they are also used now. For basis of this writing. The UN, UNESKO and other international organizations report that 80 Uzbek words many words are created in example: a man, a horse, a hand, a leg… percent of new technology, technology and the conditions of the Uzbek language, with the science related literature are published in Latin help of the Uzbek language or other language script. elements. For example: work, interrogation, Words borrowed from the Persian language are worship, gardening… А а Б б Д д Е э Ф ф Г г Ҳ ҳ И и words that are similar to those in the present Uzbek language. They are tableware, lamp, Ж ж К к Л л М м Н н О о П п Қ қ Borrowed words from the Arabic curtain, jewel, necklace… Р р С с Т т У у В в Х х Й й З з language. Arabic words come into the Uzbek language from the VII VIII centuries. This Ў ў Ғ ғ Ш ш Ч ч нг ъ situation is due to the fact that the Arabs — Therefore, in order to list Uzbekistan as a attacked Central Asia during this period. In the developed country of the world, it is desirable to current Uzbek language there are such words switch to Latin. In Uzbekistan, this process is as: profession, labor, animal, Union, nation..

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