NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2021 UZBEK: HISTORY, TODAY, FUTURE RASULOVA ZULFIYA Termez branch of State Pedagogical University Teacher of the department of primary education" Contact number +99890 7460275, e-mail: [email protected] “Methods

ABSTRACT: language. Works of atoyi, Sakkoki, Sayfi Palace, The history of the emergence and Lutfiy, Alisher Navoi, Babur, Mashrab, Turdi, development of the is Makhmur, Gulkhani, Muqimiy, Furqat, Zovqiy closely connected with the history of its and many other creators were created in this native speakers. The emergence of such a language. nation as the Uzbek people was associated The language used from the second half with the unification of a number of ethnic of the XIX century to the present time is now groups that united the Turkic and Iranian called the Uzbek language of literature. Since the languages. It is possible to know from the beginning of the publication of the" gazeti of the abundance of dialects in the Uzbek dialect, Turkistan re (from 1870-ies), all the works which is a big difference between this. created to the present day are examples of the current Uzbekgion” literary language. KEYWORDS: language, literature, new types The Uzbek language began to form as an of uzbek writing, knowledge. independent language from the XI century, and in the 12th century the old Uzbek literary INTRODUCTION: language began to form. The history of the Uzbek literary The old Uzbek language is associated language includes the following periods: with the name of the great Alisher Navai. Taking The period from BC to X centuries. The advantage of the wide opportunities of the old language of this period is referred to as the Uzbek language, he not only created great ancient Turkic language in science. Samples of works, he also wrote a major scientific work oral creativity of the ancient people, entitled "discussion-ul-lugatayn", which is a monuments of Orkhun-Enasoy (VI VII deeply scientific researcher, and proved by centuries) were created in the same convincing examples that the Uzbek language is language.The language in practice in the XI-XIV— not inferior to other languages. centuries is called the old Turkic language. The dictionary composition of the Mahmud Qashgari's" Devonu- -Turk current Uzbek literary language is based on 5 "("Turkish language Office"), Joseph Khosib's sources: "Kutadggi bilig" ("knowledge thatluğatit sends to 1. General Turkish words. happiness"), Ahmad Yugnaki's "Hibatul haqayiq 2. English words. "("army of truth"), Khorezmi's "love Book", 3. Persian- Tajik Words. Rabb's" 4. words. The works of "the story of the Lord" were 5. Russian words. created in this language. The language used The history of the Uzbek language can be from the 15th to the second half of the XIX divided into three stages: ancient Turkic, century was called the old Uzbek literary ancient Uzbek and modern Uzbek periods.

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NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2021 Ancient Turkic Language: 1940-th year by the order of Joseph Stalin was This stage belongs to the V-XI centuries. forcibly transferred to the Cyrillic script. Until The Turks gradually expelled the inhabitants of 1992, the Uzbek language was written in this the Indo-Iranian tribes along the coast of script. In 1993, Uzbekistan officially re-entered Sirdarya, Amudarya and Zarafshan. The the Latin script. It is currently used in medium of communication is the ancient Turkic educational institutions in Uzbekistan from language, on the basis of which many Asian Latin script. Still older adults and living languages appeared later. To date, there are outside Uzbekistan still apply from Cyrillic only parts of the ancient Turkic writing that are writing. depicted in cultural monuments belonging to that time. Arabic Writing: In Uzbekistan, Arabic script was used Current Uzbek Language: until 1929. Since the mid-1920s, an extensive In the XX century, the formation of the attack on Arabic writing began in Uzbekistan. modern Uzbek language began. The Fergana Arabic writing was declared the cause of our dialect, recognized by the entire population of backwardness, illiteracy, and religiosity. From Uzbekistan, formed its basis. Most of the the 1929-1930 academic year, Uzbekistan population spoke this dialect, which they know passed into the Latin script, and we were as the Sartian language, and its speakers were disconnected from the scientific, artistic and called sartians. Ethnic sartians did not belong to philosophical literature created and published the Uzbek people, but in the 20-ies of the last by the Uzbek people for centuries. century the word "sart" was abandoned, and the inhabitants of the country began to be called Directions: Uzbeks. The norms of the literary language Since 1929-th year passed from Arabic became more democratic, which made it much writing to new Latin writing. It was used until simpler. 1940-th year.

C c Ç ç Uzbek Writing: Throughout the entire history of А а Б б Д д Е э Ə ə Ф ф development there were three different inscriptions in the Uzbek language. By the end of Г г Ƣ ƣ Ҳ ҳ И и Ж ж К к Л л М м the 20-ies of the last century, the ethnic group of Uzbeks was based on the Arabic alphabet. With Н н N̡ ᶇ О о Ө ө П п Қ қ Р р С с the emergence of Soviet power, the writing faced a number of reforms. Then, until 1938 Ş ş Т т У у В в Х х Й й З з Ƶ ƶ year, the Latin alphabet was used, and then switched to the Cyrillic alphabet. After the ъ Republic of Uzbekistan became an independent Cyrillic Writing: state in 1993, the Latin alphabet was returned In 1940-th year in Uzbekistan was again. transferred to the Cyrillic script. As a result of In history, many alphabets were used this, we were disconnected from scientific, to write the Uzbek language. Until 1928, literate artistic, pedagogical, educational literature, people wrote Uzbek in Arabic. From 1928 to published between 1929 and 1940. 1940 the Uzbek language was written in Latin. 95 | P a g e

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2021

Today in Uzbek writing, Arabic letters, Latin and Cyrillic letters are used in parallel. The А а Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ё ё Ж ж older generation prefers Cyrillic graphics, while З з И и Й й К к Л л М м Н н О о Uzbeks living abroad have learned Arabic

letters. In schools, schoolchildren read Latin, so П п Р р С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц it is very difficult for students and schoolchildren to read books published in

Soviet times. Ч ч Ш ш Ъ ъ Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я Ў ў Currently, according to information from Қ қ Ғ ғ Ҳ ҳ open sources, there are about 24 million people Taking into account the fact that from in Uzbekistan, about 3 million in Afghanistan, 1940 to 1991 books with 50 thousand titles about 1 million in Tajik, about 500,000 in Lamb, were published in the Uzbek language with a about 350,000 in Turkmenistan, about 300,000 medium score of 50 million copies (this does not in Russia speak Uzbek. include journals, gazettes published in those The Uzbek language (Uzbek) is a Turkic years), it becomes clear how much literature we language family of Altaic languages. This can avoid when we switch to Latin again. language is the state language in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Moving to Latin: Uzbekistan. But the most developed countries of the There are many words that are common world (they do not need to be counted) use Latin to all Turkic languages, which are now also used writing. Therefore, literature on the most in many Turkic languages, they existed in the modern techniques, natural sciences or social language of Turkic tribes from time studies of the present will be covered on the immemorial, they are also used now. For basis of this writing. The UN, UNESKO and other international organizations report that 80 Uzbek words many words are created in example: a man, a horse, a hand, a leg… percent of new technology, technology and the conditions of the Uzbek language, with the science related literature are published in Latin help of the Uzbek language or other language script. elements. For example: work, interrogation,

Words borrowed from the are worship, gardening… А а Б б Д д Е э Ф ф Г г Ҳ ҳ И и words that are similar to those in the present Uzbek language. They are tableware, lamp, Ж ж К к Л л М м Н н О о П п Қ қ Borrowed words from the Arabic curtain, jewel, necklace… Р р С с Т т У у В в Х х Й й З з language. Arabic words come into the Uzbek language from the VII VIII centuries. This Ў ў Ғ ғ Ш ш Ч ч нг ъ situation is due to the fact that the Arabs — Therefore, in order to list Uzbekistan as a attacked Central Asia during this period. In the developed country of the world, it is desirable to current Uzbek language there are such words switch to Latin. In Uzbekistan, this process is as: profession, labor, animal, Union, nation... The carried out step by step and is planned to be Arabic words first entered through the book, completed in 2005. Madrasah, religion, state structure. The second came into Iran through languages. It was made 96 | P a g e

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2021 by adding Tajik morphemes to Arabic words, for paid to the Uzbek language has increased example, to it. For example: dark, official, endlessly, naturally, the possibilities of our proprietor, energetic... from such words as you language, the scope of its application, the wealth can know. of dictionaries have expanded rapidly, its legal Mastered words from the Russian rights have been restored, all the doors to free language. The language of the Russian nation development have been opened. In the years of plays an important role in the formation and independence, the need for this language has development of the Uzbek national language. increased to a large extent. The Uzbek language Close communication between the Russian is an ancient and endlessly rich language, its people and the Uzbek people, especially the history dates back to several centuries. economic and cultural influence of the Russians, Independence has given such a determination to caused the entry of the Russian and European manifest itself along the lines that it has non- vocabulary into the Uzbek language. Mastered aligned opportunities. Today the Uzbek words from the Russian language: factory, language is used in all spheres of our life, without exception, and is becoming more and According to UNESCO, today there are 6 more developed. thousandgymnasium, 909 doctor, languages hat… in the world, only After granting the status of the state about 200 of them have the status of state language to the Uzbek language, the attention language or official language. Among them, the paid to the Uzbek language has increased presence of our native language the Uzbek endlessly, naturally, the possibilities of our language fills our hearts with pride. As noted by language, the scope of its application, the the first president of our country Islam– Karimov, richness of dictionaries have expanded rapidly, self-awareness, expression of national legal rights have been restored, all the doors for consciousness and thinking, spiritual and free development have been opened. In the spiritual connection between generations is years of independence, the need for this manifested through language. All noble qualities language has greatly increased. The Uzbek are absorbed into the human soul, first of all, by language is an ancient and endlessly rich the mother all, by the unique charm of the native language, its history dates back to several language. Mother tongue is the spirit of the centuries. Independence was so determined nation. that it manifested itself along the lines that it There is no doubt that the status of the had opportunities that were not suitable for it. Uzbek language as the state language and its Today, the Uzbek language is used in all spheres strengthening in the Basic Law of our state have of our life, without exception, and is increasingly been a great event in the history of our people. developing. The Uzbek language has become one of the They say the lexical level of the language, sacred symbols of our state, and all people, that is, the wealth of the dictionary, is "the regardless of their nationality, regard this barrier of the life of society." In the life of symbol as their civil duty. At present, the society, the adult is small, any change is first country has created appropriate conditions for reflected in the dictionary reserve of the the development of languages and national language. It should be noted that the changes, values of more than 130 nationalities and developments and updates that occurred due to representatives of sign. the independence had a significant impact on After obtaining the status of the Uzbek the development of the Uzbek language lexicon, language as the state language, the attention which was not only in terms of quantity, but also 97 | P a g e

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, Jan. -2021 in terms of quality. Before independence, the the name (newspaper), are still supported by spiritual question, which did not fit into our some "supporters of language purity". dictionaries, returned to our Explanatory The establishment of Tashkent State Dictionary. In times when market economy University of Uzbek language and Literature relations were still alien to our society, many named after Alisher Navoi in accordance with words such as business, businessman, the decree of the first president of our country millionaire, trader, and farmer were perceived was also a bright appearance of the great with negative or at least negative sub- nobility shown to our native language. evaluation. Today it is known how many of them There are a number of problems such as words of scale are. Many such examples can be further improvement of Uzbek language cited from the five-volume "Explanatory education, full use of the opportunities of Dictionary of the Uzbek language". modern information technologies in these It is the duty of every person who is processes, and relevant specialists are proud of the purity of our language, of belonging searching for them. For schools, for example, it to this nation, of belonging to this holy image. is also important to increase the number of Regardless of not only the specialist, but also the teaching aids in different volumes and content. professional coriander, every selfless child of Let's say that the experience of making the land should not forget about the language. explanatory dictionaries for elementary Thanks to today's globalization processes, word schoolchildren, which do not strain the acquisition from another language is observed imagination of the child, is quite common in the in all the world languages. At present, the Uzbek World Dictionary. The prestige of the Uzbek language is measured by hundreds and not language is growing in the international arena thousands of measurements of such today. Those who come from a number of transactions as: bachelor, ATM, barter, briefing, foreign countries and study the Uzbek language broker, dealer, investment, investor, Internet, in our country are also increasing. Uzbek computer, consulting, College, Credit, language is being studied in educational marketing, Manager, monitoring, multimedia, institutions in different countries. Parliament, rating, referendum, certificate, We still need to do a lot of work on the forum, they are almost out of place in the development, development, deep research and general public speech. It is illogical not to worry promotion of the Uzbek language. Let the feeling for the purity of our language, instead of eye of responsibility for our invaluable wealth, protrusions to put on the eyebrow, as such which is a symbol of our existence and state, internalization will internalize. For example, the never leave any of us. last name was quite similar to the Uzbek language. But on the recommendation of which REFERENCES: "specialist" found an alternative to him, called 1) Collection of settled works. Tashkent, 1960. sheriff. He is a poor "specialist" in our old 2) Tursunov He, Yerbayev B., Aliev A. History of language who understood the word form of the Uzbek literary language. Tashkent, 1995. adjective as" surname", which is in the 3) Karimov G`.K. History of Uzbek literature. composition of the compound in the style of the Tashkent, 1987. noun Sharif ("honorable, blessed name"), 4) This article uses the data of the National Chaghi. This is an absolutely wrong alternative. Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan (2000-2005). Or the wrong alternatives, such as the University (Institute), the stadium (Stadium), 98 | P a g e