ORGANIC AGRICULTURE in UZBEKISTAN: Status, Practices and Prospects
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ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN: Status, practices and prospects ISBN 978-92-5-130147-0 ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN: STATUS, PRACTICES AND PROSPECTS PRACTICES STATUS, IN UZBEKISTAN: AGRICULTURE ORGANIC 9 789251 301470 I8398EN/1/01.18 ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN: Status, practices and prospects Aziz Nurbekov, Uygun Aksoy, Hafiz Muminjanov and Alisher Shukurov Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Tashkent, 2018 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 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Photos on the cover: Hotam Muhammadiev, Malokhat Shagaeva Printed in Turkey Contents Preface ....................................................................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................. xi Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................................xiii Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................xv Overview: Crop production ....................................................................................................... xix Overview: Livestock production ............................................................................................xxiii Chapter 1. General overview of world and Uzbekistan organic agriculture ........................................ 1 Definitions, principles and basic concepts of organic agriculture ................................. 3 Overview of world organic agriculture...................................................................................10 Organic agriculture in Uzbekistan ............................................................................................14 Chapter 2. Organic production methods and technologies ................................................................19 Site selection ....................................................................................................................................21 Organic farming demonstration site .......................................................................................26 Soil fertility management ............................................................................................................32 Crop rotation, cover crops and intercropping .....................................................................33 Pest, disease and weed management methods .................................................................37 Post-harvest handling and quality ..........................................................................................42 Animal husbandry ..........................................................................................................................52 Chapter 3. Marketing ..........................................................................................................................................59 Current situation on world markets for organic products ...............................................61 Supply chain in Uzbekistan ........................................................................................................63 Chapter 4. Regulatory framework on organic food and farming ......................................................69 International and national legislation on implementing rules, labelling and use of the logo .....................................................................................................71 Draft law on organic agriculture in Uzbekistan ..................................................................78 Private standards on or accompanying organic products ..............................................82 Related Uzbekistan legislation ..................................................................................................84 Chapter 5. Organic agriculture development conference ....................................................................87 Chapter 6. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................91 Chapter 7. References .........................................................................................................................................95 Chapter 8. Annexes .......................................................................................................................................... 101 Annex 1. Vineyard management for organic grape production .............................. 103 Annex 2. Organic wheat crop management .................................................................... 105 Annex 3. Organic chickpea crop management ................................................................ 106 iii © FAO / Muslimbek Tulanov Figures 1. Basic principles of organic agriculture (IFOAM) .................................................................................. 4 2. IFOAM organic guarantee system ............................................................................................................ 8 3. Sustainable food and farming system .................................................................................................... 9 4. Growth of organic agricultural land 1999-2015 ................................................................................11 5. The top ten countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural land 2015, million ha .....................................................................................12 6. World Organic agricultural land (including in-conversion areas) and regions’ shares of the global organic agricultural land in 2015 .........................................12 7. Distribution of all organic areas in 2015 ..............................................................................................13 8. Irrigated, rain-fed, rangeland and hayfields in Uzbekistan ...........................................................16 9. Organic raisin, dried plum and dried apricot production in Uzbekistan (2016) ...................17 10. Organic almond and pistachio produced in Uzbekistan according to the EU logo (leaf on green background) sold in the European market ..............................18 11. Common barberry (Berberis vulgaris) shrub in project demo site in Qamashi district .......22 12. Crataegus (Crataegus rhipidophylla) in Qamashi district ..............................................................23 13. Prepared animal manure ready for application ................................................................................25 14. Bermuda grass field .....................................................................................................................................26 15. Seedlings of wild apple tree Malus sieversii (L, db) ...........................................................................28 16. Seedling section of wild apricot Prunus armeniaca .........................................................................28 17. Organically grown peach in Uzbekistan ..............................................................................................30 18. Organic orchard farm in demo site in Qamashi district .................................................................30 19. Grape produced under organic farming ............................................................................................31 20. Organic raisin in Uzbekistan ....................................................................................................................31 21. Possible crop rotation for organic agriculture in rain-fed conditions of Uzbekistan ..........34 22. Chickpea grown in rain-fed areas ..........................................................................................................34