Abschlusspublikation Zum Herunterladen
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Lyonia 8(1) 2005
Lyonia 8(1) 2005 Volume 8(1) July 2005 ISSN: 0888-9619 Introduction Lyonia, Volume 8(1), July 2005 Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Rainer Bussmann Contact Information Surface mail: Lyonia Harold L. Lyon Arboretum 3860 Manoa Rd.Honolulu, HI 98622 USA Phone: +1 808 988 0456 e-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Balslev, Henrik, University of Aarhus, Denmark Brandt, Kirsten, Denmark Bush, Marc, Florida Institure of Technology, USA Cleef, Antoine, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Cotton, Elvira, University of Aarhus, Denmark Goldarazena, Arturo, NEIKER, Spain Geldenhuys, Coert, FORESTWOOD, South Africa Goikoetxea, Pablo G., NEIKER, Spain Gradstein, Rob, University of Goettingen, Germany Gunderson, Lance, Emory University, USA Hall, John B., University of Bangor, United Kingdom Janovec, John, BRIT, USA Joergensen, Peter, Missouri Botanical Garden, USA Kilpatrick, Alan, San Diego State University, USA Kueppers, Manfred, University of Hohenheim, Germany Lovett, Jon C., University of York, United Kingdom Lucero Mosquera, Hernan P., Universidad Tecnica Particular Loja, Ecuador Matsinos, Yiannis G., University of the Aegean, Greece Miller, Marc, Emory University, USA Navarete Zambrano, Hugo G., Pontifica Universidad Catholica Quito, Ecuador Onyango, John C., Maseno University, Kenya Pritchard, Lowell, Emory University, USA Pitman, Nigel, Duke University, USA Pohle, Perdita, University of Giessen, Germany Poteete, Amy R., University of New Orleans, USA Sarmiento, Fausto, University of Georgia, USA Sharon, Douglas, University of California -
Steppe Nomads in the Eurasian Trade1
Volumen 51, N° 1, 2019. Páginas 85-93 Chungara Revista de Antropología Chilena STEPPE NOMADS IN THE EURASIAN TRADE1 NÓMADAS DE LA ESTEPA EN EL COMERCIO EURASIÁTICO Anatoly M. Khazanov2 The nomads of the Eurasian steppes, semi-deserts, and deserts played an important and multifarious role in regional, interregional transit, and long-distance trade across Eurasia. In ancient and medieval times their role far exceeded their number and economic potential. The specialized and non-autarchic character of their economy, provoked that the nomads always experienced a need for external agricultural and handicraft products. Besides, successful nomadic states and polities created demand for the international trade in high value foreign goods, and even provided supplies, especially silk, for this trade. Because of undeveloped social division of labor, however, there were no professional traders in any nomadic society. Thus, specialized foreign traders enjoyed a high prestige amongst them. It is, finally, argued that the real importance of the overland Silk Road, that currently has become a quite popular historical adventure, has been greatly exaggerated. Key words: Steppe nomads, Eurasian trade, the Silk Road, caravans. Los nómadas de las estepas, semidesiertos y desiertos euroasiáticos desempeñaron un papel importante y múltiple en el tránsito regional e interregional y en el comercio de larga distancia en Eurasia. En tiempos antiguos y medievales, su papel superó con creces su número de habitantes y su potencial económico. El carácter especializado y no autárquico de su economía provocó que los nómadas siempre experimentaran la necesidad de contar con productos externos agrícolas y artesanales. Además, exitosos Estados y comunidades nómadas crearon una demanda por el comercio internacional de bienes exóticos de alto valor, e incluso proporcionaron suministros, especialmente seda, para este comercio. -
Soviet Central Asia and the Preservation of History
humanities Article Soviet Central Asia and the Preservation of History Craig Benjamin Frederik J Meijer Honors College, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA; [email protected] Received: 23 May 2018; Accepted: 9 July 2018; Published: 20 July 2018 Abstract: Central Asia has one of the deepest and richest histories of any region on the planet. First settled some 6500 years ago by oasis-based farming communities, the deserts, steppe and mountains of Central Asia were subsequently home to many pastoral nomadic confederations, and also to large scale complex societies such as the Oxus Civilization and the Parthian and Kushan Empires. Central Asia also functioned as the major hub for trans-Eurasian trade and exchange networks during three distinct Silk Roads eras. Throughout much of the second millennium of the Common Era, then under the control of a succession of Turkic and Persian Islamic dynasties, already impressive trading cities such as Bukhara and Samarkand were further adorned with superb madrassas and mosques. Many of these suffered destruction at the hands of the Mongols in the 13th century, but Timur and his Timurid successors rebuilt the cities and added numerous impressive buildings during the late-14th and early-15th centuries. Further superb buildings were added to these cities by the Shaybanids during the 16th century, yet thereafter neglect by subsequent rulers, and the drying up of Silk Roads trade, meant that, by the mid-18th century when expansive Tsarist Russia began to incorporate these regions into its empire, many of the great pre- and post-Islamic buildings of Central Asia had fallen into ruin. -
Map 99 Bactria Compiled by F.T
Map 99 Bactria Compiled by F.T. Hiebert and P.L. Kohl, 1995 Introduction (See Map 98) Directory Names Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location References B2 Air tepe CHRL UZB Rtveladze 1974, 78 (B-36) B2 Airtam HR UZB Rtveladze 1974, 74 (B-2) C3 Aivadzh HR TAJ Stavisky 1986, fig. 6 C1 Ak kurgan HR TAJ Stavisky 1986, fig. 4 B2 Ak tepe HR UZB Rtveladze 1974, 76 (B-23) B3 Ala Chaupan L AFG Ball 1982.25 D2 Alexandria Oxiana? H Ai Khanoum / Barbarah Ptol. 6.12.6; Bernard 1978; Ball 1982.18; AFG Fraser 1996, 153-56 D3 Ali Qutan HR AFG Ball 1982.31 C3 Aliabad HR Qal'a-i Giubi / Tahari tepe Ball 1982.29 AFG B3 Aornos H Khulm (Tashkurgan)? Arrian 3.29; Bosworth 1980, 372 AFG Archi = Kafir Qal'a B2 Arpa-paya tepe CH UZB Rtveladze 1974, 80 (B-54) B4 Artamis? fl. RL Ab-e-Khulm AFG AmmMarc 23.6.57; Fontaine 1977, 103-104 C2 Aruktau RL UZB Rtveladze 1974, 75; Litvinskii 1984, 105 D3 Astakana HRL Astana tepe? AFG Ptol. 6.11.8; Ball 1982.61 § Astatia AmmMarc 23.6.58 B2 Baba tepe UZB See Map 98 A3 Bactra/ AFG See Map 98 Zariaspa B2 Bactria HR DiodSic 2.37.6; Pliny, NH 6.92; André 1980, 64-65; Lyonnet 1993 §Aseni R Eggermont 1970, 70, 122-23 § Baktrioi CHR Hdt. 3.102, 7.66; Arrian 3.8; Foucher 1942, 197 § Bactriani HRL PME 47; AmmMarc 23.6.55; § Zariaspai R André 1986, 279 A3 Bactrus?/ AFG See Map 6 Zariaspis? fl. -
Black Sea-Caspian Steppe: Natural Conditions 20 1.1 the Great Steppe
The Pechenegs: Nomads in the Political and Cultural Landscape of Medieval Europe East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450 General Editors Florin Curta and Dušan Zupka volume 74 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ecee The Pechenegs: Nomads in the Political and Cultural Landscape of Medieval Europe By Aleksander Paroń Translated by Thomas Anessi LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Publication of the presented monograph has been subsidized by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the National Programme for the Development of Humanities, Modul Universalia 2.1. Research grant no. 0046/NPRH/H21/84/2017. National Programme for the Development of Humanities Cover illustration: Pechenegs slaughter prince Sviatoslav Igorevich and his “Scythians”. The Madrid manuscript of the Synopsis of Histories by John Skylitzes. Miniature 445, 175r, top. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Proofreading by Philip E. Steele The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://catalog.loc.gov/2021015848 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. -
With an Area Within the Boundaries of 200 Hectares and the Buffer Zone of 275 Hectares
Modifications to World Heritage Properties Annex 11 MODIFICATIONS TO WORLD HERITAGE PROPERTIES MINOR MODIFICATIONS TO THE BOUNDARIES OF WORLD HERITAGE PROPERTIES Documentation requested 1) Area of the property (in hectares): Historic Center of Bukhara was included in UNESCO World Heritage List (1993) with an area within the boundaries of 200 hectares and the buffer zone of 275 hectares. The minor modification of the World Heritage area consists of 216 hectares within the boundaries and 339 hectares for the buffer zone. 2) Description of the modification: Two monuments listed as part of the nomination, Samanids and Chasmai Ayub mausoleums, a historic area of traditional houses in the south east, another historic settlement in the north east and the original fort wall in the south west were not included within the boundaries nor in the buffer zones. Moreover, in some areas the boundaries are cutting parcels and not well defined. Therefore the Government of Uzbekistan decided to reconsider the boundaries and the buffer zone of the WH property. 3) Justification for the modification: The unique famous mausoleums of Samanids (IX-X) which is one of the symbols of Bukhara and Chashmai Ayub (XII-XIX) were not included neither within the nominated area nor buffer zone. In accordance with the new proposal both mausoleums were included within the boundaries and buffer zone. Moreover, the remains of the ancient walls and town gate (Talipoch gate) located in the north-west of the Historic city were not included. The new proposed boundaries and buffer zone were made in accordance with the detailed field survey conducted by the UNESCO Office in Tashkent (2013). -
Foreign Religious Education and the Central Asian Islamic Revival: Impact and Prospects for Stability
Foreign Religious Education and the Central Asian Islamic Revival: Impact and Prospects for Stability David M. Abramson SILK ROAD PAPER March 2010 Foreign Religious Education and the Central Asian Islamic Revival: Impact and Prospects for Stability David M. Abramson © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program – A Joint Transatlantic Research and Policy Center Johns Hopkins University-SAIS, 1619 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, D.C. 20036 Institute for Security and Development Policy, V. Finnbodav. 2, Stockholm-Nacka 13130, Sweden www.silkroadstudies.org “Foreign Religious Education and the Central Asian Islamic Revival: Impact and Prospects for Stability” is a Silk Road Paper published by the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and the Silk Road Studies Program. The Silk Road Papers Series is the Occasional Paper series of the Joint Center, and addresses topical and timely subjects. The Joint Center is a transatlantic independent and non-profit research and policy center. It has offices in Washington and Stockholm and is affiliated with the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University and the Stockholm-based Institute for Security and Development Policy. It is the first institution of its kind in Europe and North America, and is firmly established as a leading research and policy center, serving a large and diverse community of analysts, scholars, policy-watchers, business leaders, and journalists. The Joint Center is at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security, and development in the region. Through its applied research, publications, research cooperation, public lectures, and seminars, it functions as a focal point for academic, policy, and public discussion regarding the region. -
The Heart of Central Asia 12 Days / 11 Nights
Uzbekistan: The Heart of Central Asia MORE THAN TRAVEL 12 days / 11 nights 11 - 22 October 2019 Your personal Consultant: _______________________ Armen Group: 10-20 people +61 2 8310 7667 +1 64 67 51 78 53 This package is available either Group Tour (scheduled departures) or Private Tour (flexible dates) 1Safe. Secure.2 Reliable.3 . • Australian-owned • Over 10 years • 24/7 support all company experience over the World In 2018 we have hosted over a thousand travelers and we hope all of them not only enjoyed it but truly discovered Russia and former USSR countries! Please have a look at our reviews and feedbacks below from people that have travelled with us. If you're hesitating about going to Russia, you may find these reviews useful: • Trustpilot https://www.trustpilot.com/review/www.discoveryrussia.com.au • Facebook https://www.facebook.com/pg/discoveryrussia.com.au/reviews/ Uzbekistan Visa 1)Fill in an application form online at www.e-visa.gov.uz 2)Pay a fee of US$20 online. 3)Receive the electronic visa by email in PDF format within 3 working days An electronic visa allows a single entry into Uzbekistan for up to 30 days, and is valid for 90 days from the date of issue. Itinerary Day 1 Day 5 Day 9 Arrival at Tashkent Samarkand and Shakhrisabz Bukhara – Khiva Day 2 Day 6 Day 10 Tashkent and Charvak Samarkand – Lake Aidar Khiva Day3 Day 7 Day 11 Tashkent-Samarkand train Lake Aidar - Bukhara Khiva – Tashkent flight Day 4 Day 8 Day 12 Samarkand Bukhara Departure from Tashkent DAY 1: Arrival at Tashkent Arrival at Tashkent. -
Mausoleum of Ismail the Samanid at Bukhara Imam Reza in Mashhad
Mausoleum of Ismail the Samanid at Bukhara Imam Reza in Mashhad Bahareh Mahmoodi S. Pouriya Hosseini University of British Columbia – Jan. 2009 Persian Empire Median Empire (532 BC- 369 BC) Persian Empire Achaemenid Empire (550 BC–330 BC) Parthian Empire (250 BC–AD 226) Sassanid Empire (226–651) Bukhara Samanid Mausoleum Conquest of Persia by Muslims Samanid Persian Empire (819-999) Saffarid Persian Empire Buwayhid Persian Empire Turco-Persian rule Mongols and their successors (1219–1500) Safavid Persian Empire (1500–1722) Persian Empire: Importance of Samanid Empire It was the first persian dunasty after Persian Empire Conquest of Persia by Muslims Founded by"here, Saman in this region, the Khuda language is Persian, Bukhara and the kings of this realm are Persian kings." Samanid Mausoleum Government model Culture and Religious Legacy کجا آن بزرگان ساسانیان Revival of Persian Culture زبهرامیان تا بسامانیان Shahnameh Samanid Epigraphic: Bowls, Plates etc "Where have all the great Sassanids gone? ā Change of Religon Fromfrom the Bahr Zorostiansmids to the Samanids to whatIslam has come upon?" Persian Empire: Ismail ebn Ahmad Samanid Persian Samanid Family Tree Empire How he became the ruler of Bukhara Bukhara His importance in Bukhara Samanid Mausoleum Looting from khawrazm Need for stability Making Bukhara and samarkand center of samanids Expanding the kingdom of Samanids Why Bukhara? Persian Empire Being in the center of the ruling area ای بخارا شاد باش و دیر importance زیBukhara Silk Road and its Oh Bukhara! Be joyous and live long! شاه زی تو میهمان آید همی Trade Samanid Mausoleum Knowledge Your King comesBaha to -youud- Dinin ceremony. -
Molecular Characterization of Leishmania RNA Virus 2 in Leishmania Major from Uzbekistan
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Molecular Characterization of Leishmania RNA virus 2 in Leishmania major from Uzbekistan 1, 2,3, 1,4 2 Yuliya Kleschenko y, Danyil Grybchuk y, Nadezhda S. Matveeva , Diego H. Macedo , Evgeny N. Ponirovsky 1, Alexander N. Lukashev 1 and Vyacheslav Yurchenko 1,2,* 1 Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (Y.K.); [email protected] (N.S.M.); [email protected] (E.N.P.); [email protected] (A.N.L.) 2 Life Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 71000 Ostrava, Czech Republic; [email protected] (D.G.); [email protected] (D.H.M.) 3 CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic 4 Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +420-597092326 These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 19 September 2019; Accepted: 18 October 2019; Published: 21 October 2019 Abstract: Here we report sequence and phylogenetic analysis of two new isolates of Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) found in Leishmania major isolated from human patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in south Uzbekistan. These new virus-infected flagellates were isolated in the same region of Uzbekistan and the viral sequences differed by only nineteen SNPs, all except one being silent mutations. Therefore, we concluded that they belong to a single LRV2 species. New viruses are closely related to the LRV2-Lmj-ASKH documented in Turkmenistan in 1995, which is congruent with their shared host (L. -
Notes on the Yuezhi - Kushan Relationship and Kushan Chronology”, by Hans Loeschner
“Notes on the Yuezhi - Kushan Relationship and Kushan Chronology”, by Hans Loeschner Notes on the Yuezhi – Kushan Relationship and Kushan Chronology By Hans Loeschner Professor Michael Fedorov provided a rejoinder1 with respect to several statements in the article2 “A new Oesho/Shiva image of Sasanian ‘Peroz’ taking power in the northern part of the Kushan empire”. In the rejoinder Michael Fedorov states: “The Chinese chronicles are quite unequivocal and explicit: Bactria was conquered by the Ta-Yüeh-chih! And it were the Ta-Yüeh-chih who split the booty between five hsi-hou or rather five Ta-Yüeh-chih tribes ruled by those hsi-hou (yabgus) who created five yabguates with capitals in Ho-mo, Shuang-mi, Hu-tsao, Po-mo, Kao-fu”. He concludes the rejoinder with words of W.W. Tarn3: “The new theory, which makes the five Yüeh- chih princes (the Kushan chief being one) five Saka princes of Bactria conquered by the Yüeh- chih, throws the plain account of the Hou Han shu overboard. The theory is one more unhappy offshoot of the elementary blunder which started the belief in a Saka conquest of Greek Bactria”.1 With respect to the ethnical allocation of the five hsi-hou Laszlo Torday provides an analysis with a result which is in contrast to the statement of Michael Fedorov: “As to the kings of K’ang- chü or Ta Yüeh-shih, those chiefs of foreign tribes who acknowledged their supremacy were described in the Han Shu as “lesser kings” or hsi-hou. … The hsi-hou (and their fellow tribespeople) were ethnically as different from the Yüeh-shih and K’ang-chü as were the hou… from the Han. -
View Conference Program
Welcome to the 5th Annual Conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society On behalf of the Central Eurasian Studies Society and Indiana University’s Inner Asian and Uralic National Resource Center, we wish to welcome you warmly to Bloomington and to this great gathering of scholars of Central Eurasia. We hope you will thoroughly enjoy the scholarly presentations, the fellowship of colleagues, and the hospitality which we have prepared for you. Indiana University is a long-time home for the study of this region, and it is very appropriate that we should host here the annual conference of CESS, the largest association of scholars which share an interest in Central Eurasia. The program includes features over 57 panels, 200 presentations, and nearly 250 panelists, as well as films, music and dance in addition to the more scholarly fare. We are expecting 350 or so attendees. We are particularly pleased that in conjunction with the 2004 CESS conference, the Mongolia Society, the American Institute of Afghanistan Studies and the Azerbaijan** will also be holding their annual meetings in Bloomington at this time. Welcome to all! Laura Adams Edward J. Lazzerini Scott Levi John Schoeberlein On behalf of the CESS Conference Committee Central Eurasian Studies Society Sixth Annual Conference September 29- October 2 , 2005 Hosted by: Department of Anthropology Boston University Boston, Mass., USA Table of Contents Conference Schedule ................................................................................... 2 Cultural Programs ..................................................................................