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The Emergence of the Jadid Movement in Turkestanand Its Relations with Turkey at the Beginning of the Xx Century

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Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 11, 2020 THE EMERGENCE OF THE JADID MOVEMENT IN TURKESTANAND ITS RELATIONS WITH TURKEY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY Ravshan Normuratovich Tursunov1, Akbar Davurbaevich Bababekov2,Ilyos Ismoilovich Abdullaev3, Kuyliev Ravshon Makhmanazarovich4, 1Associate Professor of "World History", Faculty of History, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Candidate of Historical Sciences. [email protected] 2Teacher of the Faculty of History of the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek. [email protected] 3Teacher of the Department of "Social Sciences and Humanities" of the Uzbek State University of Physical Culture and Sports. [email protected] 4Teacher of the Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Uzbek State University of Physical Culture and Sports. [email protected] Received: 06.04.2020 Revised: 13.05.2020 Accepted: 04.06.2020 Abstract This article reveals the impact of political, socio-economic, cultural and democratic changes in Turkey in the formation of the accelerated movement in Turkey at the beginning of the 20th century. The division of the jadid movement in the Turkistan region into the directions of the jadid movement in Turkistan, Bukhara and Khiva, as well as their specific features have been investigated. The activities of the jadids in order to make the people of the country educated and enlightened, related to education and the press, as well as the sending of young people to foreign countries were investigated. Diplomatic relations between the people's Soviet Republic of Bukhara and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, friendly relations between the two countries. Also, periodical in the press pages, sources related to the history and historical figures of Turkey at the beginning of the XX century were analyzed from a scientific point of view. Keywords: Jadid Movement, Young Turks Movement, Bukhara People's Soviet Republic, Turkish Grand National Assembly, Periodical Press. © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.11.75 INTRODUCTION and great manifestations of the accelerated movement at the end In fact, enlightenment is the only and powerful force capable of of XIX beginning of XX century M.Sharif Sohfizadeh, M Behbudiy, freeing and flourishing the world, removing a person from the A. Fitrat, Abdulvahid Munzim, Hamidhaja Mehri. It can also be swamp of ignorance and superstition, solving his spiritual and seen from the trips made by Puladkho'jaev, Hamza Hakimzadeh economic problems. Therefore, at the end of the XIX - beginning Niyazi and other young people of Turkistan to Turkey and their of the XX centuries, in order to wake up the Turkestan country, studies in educational institutions of Turkey. which fell into a complication of the Russian Empire, which suffered a complete decline, to open the eyes of the people, only In particular, if we take only one enlightener Abdurauf Fitrat, he the back of enlightenment could be achieved, the Enlightenment lived in Turkey in 1909-1913 years and studied at the University movement in this period has gone beyond ever. of Istanbul.In Turkey, he will get acquainted with the ideas of acceleration. At that time, Fitrat established the "Bukhara At the beginning of the XX century, the Turkistan region education enlightenment society" with the help of steam youth in consisted of three political units: the Turkistan general- Turkey under the influence of the Young Turks movement in governor's office, the emirate of Bukhara, the Khiva Khanate. The Turkey. With the help of this society, many young people emirate of Bukhara and the Khiva Khanate were semi- returned from 1911-1913 years to study in Turkey, including 15 independent states dependent on Russia, while Turkistan was students in 1911, 30 students in 1912 were sent to study in part of the Russian Empire, either the general-governorate or the Istanbul.Also, this society has carried out important work on the Turkistan region. progress of Bukhara and Turkistan education. Fitrat makes effective creativity in addition to studying in Turkey and reading The political, cultural and economic crisis caused by colonialism lectures. In 1909 year in Istanbul, his works "discussion", "Sayha" in Turkestan at the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries ("Na'ra") poetic complex, written in Persian, and in 1912 his caused the National intelligentsia to worry hard. The national works "traveler India" ("Statement traveler India") will be progressives, intellectuals who studied from the Turkestan published. When studying in the Turkish university, his clever, territory to a number of foreign countries, who were in many erudition fascinated the professors and teachers, they give him countries with trade and economic activities, began to study in the nickname Fitrat - wise. depth the news, changes taking place in the world with the aim of improving the situation in the country, conducting radical In general, the jadids went on a trip to Turkey and study, reforms in the life of society, gaining national independence, as witnessed the democratic processes in the country, their well as Western and It is necessary to emphasize that the role of achievements and achievements in the field of education, and the Eastern countries, including Turkey, is great in the formation realized that it is important to restore a society based on of the accelerated movement in the Turkistan region at the end of Democratic prints in the political, socio-economic and cultural the XIX beginning of the XX century. spheres, even in the Turkistan region. In the XVII-XIX centuries, the socio-political and cultural It should also be noted that the International Relations of the relations between Bukhara, Khiva, Kokand khanates and Turkey jadids are very extensive, they are aware of the various programs were particularly strong. This was considered as a sign of Isaac, of progressive flows in Turkey, Russia, Iran, Egypt and other one of the advanced enlighteners of Turkestan, Zakirjon Furqat countries, they exchanged experiences through mutual trips and Journal of critical reviews 423 THE EMERGENCE OF THE JADID MOVEMENT IN TURKESTANAND ITS RELATIONS WITH TURKEY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY dialogues. But the Young Turks in Turkey and the Iranian establishing the constitutional monarchy and parliament in progressives could not master their experiences mechanically Khiva, and later the democratic republican system. and in the same mold as the Turkestan jadids. On the contrary, the jadids took the necessary places in which the interests of the At the stage of his enlightenment, he tried to find solutions to the countries of Europe and the East coincided with the broad existing political, socio-economic problems in the country by experience of State Construction and law-making, the methods changing the spiritual outlook of the Turkic peoples, increasing and programs of the struggle of the peoples of Russia and the their literacy, using the experience of World Development. In this East against colonialism, and which corresponded to national way, the jadids initially paid special attention to the reform of culture. education, the formation of the National Press. Therefore, the revolutionary movements in Russia and Turkey, However, the fact that the enlightened people, for their own which took place at the beginning of the XX century, also right, can get rid of colonial oppression and start a struggle for influenced the Turkistan region. Progressive forces began to National Freedom, has always forced the Russian Empire and its mutual consent, and the jadids accelerated their educational administration in Turkistan to remain vigilant. General-the activities. Secret Service of the governor – the staff of the Imperial occult took every step towards reforming the education system of the In the struggle for independence of Turkistan, the following local intelligentsia under strict control. priority areas were the focus of attention: the opening of new method schools and the achievement of increasing the literacy of Despite the fact that such obstacles were placed before the new students in a short period of time; the sending of young people to schools, the major manifestations of the jadids, who were the study abroad, the improvement of the socio-economic situation self-sacrificing children of the people, were woven in Bukhara in of the country by teaching them the achievements of World 1893, in 1898, jadid schools were opened in Andijan in 1899, in Science; the establishment. Kokand, Tashkent and Samarkand in 1901. By 1911 year, the number of such schools in the country was 63 thousand, the In the formation of the Jadid movement in Turkestan number of students enrolled in them was 4106 people. And in Mahmudkhu'ja Behbudiy, Abdukadir Shakuriy, Saidahmad 1917, the number of jadid schools in Turkey reached 100. In the Siddiqiy-Ejziy (Samarkand), Munnavarkari Abdurashidkhanov, schools "method jadid" was created by Majid Qadiri and used Abdulla Avlaniy, Ubaydulla Khoja Asadullaho'jaev (Ubaydulla various textbooks on mathematics, which were published in Khujaev), Toshpulatbek Norbutabekov (Tashkent), Fitrat, Turkey, Kazan, until the textbook "calculus", published in 1910 Fayzulla Khujaev, Usmankhuja (Usmankhuja an important role year. was played by Abdulvohid Burhonov, Sadriddin Ayniy, Abdulkadir Muhitdinov (Bukhara), Obidjon Mahmudov, Hamza, At the beginning of the XX century, the jadids published a Chulpon, Ishaqhon Ibrat, Muhammadsharif Sohfizoda (Fergana number of newspapers and magazines in order to enlighten the Valley), Polvonniyoz Haji Yusupov, Bobokhun Salimov cultural, socio-economic and political processes in Turkistan, to (Khorezm). show ways of getting rid of the backwardness characteristic of the Middle Ages in the country, to inform the people about the The Jadid movement in the Turkistan region is divided into the changes taking place in the world, about the news, to absorb. directions of the Jadid movement in Turkistan, Bukhara and Khiva.
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