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Abdurauf Fitrat's Views on the Idea of the Perfect Man

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Abdurauf Fitrat's Views on the Idea of the Perfect Man INTERNATIONAL FORUM: PROBLEMS AND SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS UDC 8:371.04 Isomiddinov Yuldosh Yusufbayevich Teacher of department of «Natural, social and physical culture» of the Samarkand branch of the Tashkent state university of economics (SBTSUE), Republic of Uzbekistan ABDURAUF FITRAT’S VIEWS ON THE IDEA OF THE PERFECT MAN, EDUCATION AND UPBRINGING IN HIS WORKS Annotation Duties of coaches and teachers, recommendations, their working papers, aspects to be considered in the implementation of spiritual and educational activities in further educating the youth in the spirit of national independence and further improving the effectiveness of a healthy socio-emotional environment reflected. Every coach - the promoter of perfection - must properly organize the educational process, create a healthy social environment and perform their duties conscientiously. Keywords: perfect person, morality, family, education, educator, public duty. “...Caring for the next generation, striving to raise a healthy, harmoniously developed generation is our national characteristic”. I. Karimov, the First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan It is known that from the first days of independence of Uzbekistan, the First President of the country I.Karimov attached great importance to the radical reform of the education system in order to create a healthy socio-emotional environment in educating young people as harmoniously developed people. It is no secret that every state, every nation is strong not only with its underground and surface natural resources, but also with its military might and production potential, first and foremost, with its high spirituality. This shows the growing attention and demand for the human person. The educational process consists of the interaction of educators and students. 229 SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 1(34) The educational process takes place not only in the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities of the individual, but also in a social environment that has a complex impact on the individual. It should be noted that the in-depth study of theoretical and practical research in this area, its application in practice is one of the urgent tasks of today. The role of coaches and propagandists in further enhancing the effectiveness of a healthy socio- emotional environment in educating and developing young people in the spirit of national independence, recommendations in their working papers, aspects that should be taken into account in the implementation of spiritual and educational activities brought. Every teacher must organize the educational process properly, create a healthy social environment, and perform their duties conscientiously. Sufism pays special attention to the upbringing of the perfect man. It is no exaggeration to say that mysticism is a true doctrine of humanity. There are many examples in our history of the dream of raising a perfect person. For instance, Abdurauf Fitrat's book “The Leader of Salvation” explores new perspectives on the perfect man and the education system. Abdurauf Fitrat writes: “There are two groups of unhappy people in our country whose actions deserve criticism and reprimand. The first group knows that the only purpose of their lives is to eat and drink, they forget their human responsibilities for a bite to eat and a place to sleep, they do not think about any work. The second group is such a community that they consider the idea of living only as the bliss of the hereafter. They consider the happiness of this world to be for the disbelievers”. So, it is arguable that intoxicants of choice runs the taste in diets. Fitrat rejects those who are greedy for wealth and live a very poor life. According to Fitrat, the purpose of life is to be happy in both worlds: “Only a person who demands happiness in both worlds is a perfect Muslim.” According to this thesis, man must live in this world in harmony with faith and law. He must have faith in his heart and 230 INTERNATIONAL FORUM: PROBLEMS AND SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS secular laws in his work. Thus, such a person “demands both the happiness of this world and the happiness of the Hereafter.” Thus, Fitrat emphasizes that man is a relatively social being. It is because of this factor that he concludes that man needs education. "They are one person," he said. Fitrat concludes his thoughts on the purpose of human existence by concluding: “1. Allah created us not to benefit other human beings like all animals, but to achieve the happiness of the two worlds. 2. It is wrong to leave the happiness of this world for the Hereafter, the happiness of the Hereafter for this world, we need two worldly happiness. 3. Happiness in both worlds can be found through effort. 4. There is no use in prayer without effort. 5. It is also a sin to ask the spirits of the saints for a goal. An in-depth understanding of the social aspect of man led Fitrat to create a new concept of education. As a result, he saw Man's happiness in "fulfilling the commandments of conscience." According to him, morality plays an important role in the commandments of conscience. There are many moral functions, but they can be divided into three parts: 1. The functions of the human personality. 2. Family responsibilities. 3. Public duty. Fitrat systematizes his new views on education on the basis of these rules. It should be noted that the main issues in the formation of the human personality are resolved within the framework of ethics. Both education and upbringing are focused on solving this central problem. According to Professor Abdurauf Fitrat, the correct formation of the human personality (inner “I”) plays an important role in education. Because the perfection of the human personality is determined by "the benefit and benefit of this person to himself and his peers." The foundations of human personality (inner “I”) are three forces: 1. Mental power. 2. Sensual power. 231 SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 1(34) The power of anger. Education should be focused on the proper formation of these human potentials. Because it had the following lessons: “1. There is such a wisdom in reforming the power of the mind that there is a distinction between truth and falsehood, between evil and good, between benefit and harm. 2. As a result of the reform of sensual power, chastity is achieved, and it is manifested in health, sharpness of mind, beauty of stature, doing good deeds, and abstaining from evil. 3. Courage is achieved in reforming the power of anger, and it is manifested in the protection of human dignity, national dignity and identity”. As a result of the correct formation of these three forces that make up a person's personality, he attains these four qualities: 1. Wisdom (meaning of life). 2. Chastity. 3. Courage. 4. Justice. This means that a person must be self-aware and live a meaningful life (“wisdom”), acquire humanity (“chastity”), strive in this direction (“courage”), and be able to lead a great goal (“justice”). This requires a high level of education. According to Fitrat, in order to bring up a person as such a mature person, the direction of education should be twofold. The first is education and the second is professionalism. Here it is necessary to analyze them separately. The first is about teaching. According to Fitrat, the process of teaching is based on the term “wisdom”. It is wise to perfect one's spiritual world. In this sense, wisdom, that is, education, gives Man Wisdom and Knowledge. According to Fitrat, "Both the greatest blessing of Allah and the source of happiness in both worlds is the Mind." Because of this feeling, man is different from other creatures. Fitrat goes on to say, "The mind is the only guide to the happiness of the two worlds for man," and in this regard he quotes the hadith of the Prophet, 232 INTERNATIONAL FORUM: PROBLEMS AND SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS "Whoever has no mind, then has no religion." Of course, the word "religion" here means faith and morality. Thus, Fitrat puts the issue of imparting knowledge on the agenda in order to develop the mind (“professional mind”). According to him, science consists of two parts: 1. Narration science; 2. Mental science. Narration science is divided into two types: religious sciences and secular sciences. By “metaphorical science” we mean, of course, the religious sciences that strengthen man’s faith and the secular sciences that lead to man’s happiness in this world. Fitrat introduces the following knowledge into the religious sciences: 1. The science of interpretation. 2. The science of Hadith (Hadis). 3. The science of jurisprudence. 4. Word science. In the process of education, children should be adequately informed about these sciences. According to the scholar, the science of tafsir was created to understand and explain the meanings of the Quran (the holy book of Muslims). It can be compared to the science of interpretation today. There are two types of it: “Narrated by Interpretation” (explained on the basis of hadiths, “Tafsir bar rivoyat”), “Evidence- based Interpretation” (interpreted on the basis of thought, “Tafsir bid diroyat”). According to the scholar, the reader must “read the science of tafsir in order to know the meanings of the Quran.” So, Fitrat recommends not only the Quran itself, but also the science of interpretation. Professor D. Alimova commented on Fitrat's views, saying that the scholar relied on the three-volume "Political History" of the French historian Charles Senobos. We may take this as information. Thus, Fitrat, based on his circumstances, wrote the “History” of Ismail ibn Ali Abdulfida (1273–1331), the “History” of Abdurrakhman Abu Zayd ibn Khaldun 233 SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 1(34) (XIV century), and Abu Jafar Tabari (X century) emphasizes the teaching of “History” books and the fact that these books were translated into their own language by Europeans.
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