Evaluation of Lee Tha Model : Sustainable Water Management. This evaluation result was selected from the research of project on The Ping River Basin Development Project of the Armed Force Development Command, case study of Lee and Mae Tha river basin in fiscal year 2018, involving the achievement of the objectives of the initiative submitted for the UNPSA 2019 Award. 1. The essence of the project. 1.1 Objectives of the project. 1.1.1. To decrease hardship of people by developing water resources for sufficient water distribution to communities. 1.1.2 To improve the people’s quality of life 1.1.3 To reduce the conflict over the use of water resources. 1.1.4 To be unity in the community by participating in water resources management. 1.2 Area of operation. The upper Ping River Basin (Lee and Mae Tha tributaries). 2. Scope of assessment. 2.1 Target area. The area of collecting data was Lee and Mae Tha watershed (area responsible by The Armed Forces Development Command). The distance of Lee watershed is 120 km from Ban Wangsagang, Tambon Nong Long, Wiang Nong Long District, Lamphun Province to Ban Lee,Tambon Wang Din, Lee District, Lamphun Province. For the distance of Mae Tha watershed is 90 km from Ban Sop Tha, Tambon Pak Bong, Pa Sang District, Lamphun Province to Ban Mae Tha Nuea, Tambon Tha Nuea, Mae On District, Chiang Ma Province, including the whole project distance is 210 km. 2.2. Target population. 2.2.1 The population was the community who was stakeholders of The Ping River Basin Development Project (Lee and Mae Tha river basin). Most of people living along the Lee and Mae Tha tributaries is 176,698 people. 2.2.2. The key informant was from the head of district, village leaders or representatives in the project area and stakeholders of The Ping River Basin Development Project.
2.3. The period of time. 2.3.1 The output was performance results of the Year 2016. 2.3.2 The impact could be seen from the amount of in-season and off-season longan in the year 2017 – 2018 and Income from longan yield in the year 2017 – 2018. 3. Sample survey. The simple random sampling is used to collect sample by table of random numbers in order to get a sample covered throughout the project area. The sample size was calculated through Taro Yamane formula (Yamane, 1967) at confidence level 95%. The 400 samples were drawn from stakeholders dwelling beside Lee and Mae Tha tributaries. The 27 key informants were the district chiefs, local leaders and village headman (or representatives).
4. The results of the evaluation. 4.1 Performance. The development of water sources in Lee and Mae Tha river basins in 2016 results in tributaries to flow throughout the year. The community had sufficient water for consumption and agriculture. The agricultural areas, households gained benefit and farmer have increased incomes from this project. 4.1.1 Occupation. The occupation of the samples are as shown in the table below. Table 1: The occupational data of the samples. Occupation Frequency Percentage Government officials 14 3.4 Employees 26 6.5 Other employment 116 29.0 Farmers 190 47.5
Students 29 7.3 Others 25 6.3 Total 400 100.0 From Table 1, most of the samples consist of 190 farmers (47.5%). Secondary occupation is other employment, the total number is 116 (29.0 %) and the respondents who are government officials have a lowest number of 14 people (3.4%). 4.1.2 Aspects of water use from Lee and Mae Tha tributaries. The water use aspects of the samples can be classified as shown in the table below. Table 2 : The water usage data from Lee and Mae Tha tributaries of the samples.
Aspects of water use Frequency Percentage Consumption 56 14.0 Agriculture 117 29.25 Consumption and agriculture 197 49.25 Not relevant in water use 30 7.50 Total 400 100.00
From Table 2, most of the samples, 197 people use water from Lee and Mae Tha tributaries for consumption and agriculture (49.25%). Secondly, the use of water in agriculture is 117 people (29.4%). and the respondents who are not relevant in water use have a lowest number of 30 people (7.50%).
4.1.3 Satisfaction level of working. They are categorized and given to frequency as shown in the table below. Table 3 : The level of working satisfaction. Score of satisfaction Number Question Level of 5 4 3 2 1 SD satisfaction 1 The officials of AFDC are 259 119 18 2 2 4.57 0.65 Very high friendly to eveyone. 2 The officials of AFDC have 254 113 27 6 - 4.53 0.68 Very high treated you equally with other people. 3 The officers of AFDC come 202 153 38 6 1 4.37 0.73 Very high to meet with people in the area continuously. 4 The officers of AFDC have 213 119 65 3 - 4.35 0.77 Very high provided information before community discussions.
Table 3 : The level of working satisfaction. (continue)
Score of satisfaction Sequence Question Level of 5 4 3 2 1 SD satisfaction 5 The officers of AFDC in the 260 100 33 7 - 4.53 0.72 Very high area of project have a good dressing and known came from AFDC. 6 The officers of AFDC have 230 125 41 4 - 4.45 0.71 Very high publicity about the reasons for the Ping River development continuously, including time and activities of the project, to track project information easily. 7 Activities of the project 249 116 31 4 4.52 0.68 Very high include resolution of flood and drought. 8 There is no impact on your 233 117 43 4 3 4.43 0.78 Very high daily life during project implement. 9 The staff keep track of 211 128 58 3 - 4.36 0.75 Very high progress and performance in each activity continuously. 10 During running the project, 240 117 39 4 - 4.48 0.71 Very high allow people to participate continuously
Table 3 : The level of working satisfaction. (continue)
Score of satisfaction Sequence Question Level of 5 4 3 2 1 SD satisfaction 11 Timing of the 225 138 32 5 - 4.45 0.69 Very high implementation of the project, is it appropriate? 12 The result of the project 244 112 43 1 - 4.49 0.69 Very high can improve your quality of life. 13 The project to develop the 259 100 39 1 1 4.53 0.69 Very high upper River Ping Basin corresponds to people needs truly. 14 The project do not have a 257 104 38 - 1 4.54 0.68 Very high negative impact on the local people. 15 You are ready to protect 252 105 40 3 - 4.51 0.70 Very high the initiative sustainably.
Total 4.48 0.58 Very high Remark : AFDC is Armed Force Development Command From Table 3, the average of total working satisfication is 4.48 (very high) and the standard deviation is 0.58. The highest score of satisfication is “ The officials of AFDC were friendly to everyone”, the score is 4.57 (very high) with standard deviation 0.65 and the lowest score of satisfications is “The officers of AFDC had provided information before community discussions” with the score 4.35 (very high) and the standard deviation was 0.77.
4.1.4 Opinion of people on the way to develop working. Regarding numerous opinions and recommendations, they are categorized and given to frequency as shown in the table below.
Table 4 : Illustrate classification of opinions and recommendations to develop working Number Opinion Frequency 1 The result of this project has water all year round 58 2 Soldiers lead by example by being friendly and 42 polite to people 3 Admire the cooperation between soldiers and 40 people 4 Give people briefing before starting work 29 5 Working is fast and efficiency 16 6 Recommendation to increase check dams for 14 containing water 7 Admire soldiers for their focusing on people living 9 and developing at the same time Total 208
Table 4 shows that ‘Opinions and recommendations to develop working’ has 208 opinions; and ‘The result of this project has water all year round’ is the highest frequency (58 opinions) while ‘Soldiers lead by example by being friendly and polite to people’ is the second (42 opinions); on the contrary, ‘Admire soldiers for their focusing on people living and developing at the same time’ is the least (9 opinions). Summary. From the answers to questions, 47.5 % of answerers are farmers corresponding to Lamphun Office of Labor’s data having shown that the important occupation of Lamphun province is agriculture such as rice farming and Longan gardening as a key sector of Lamphun economy. Besides this, there are laboring and household industries. As a result of analyzing data and water use, it is found that water is mostly used for consumption and agriculture. This is an indication that rural public infrastructure, particularly the project’s area, is not enough; therefore, people have to rely on water from River Ping. If flood or drought occurs, it will have an impact on people living in the area.
5. Quantitative data from other authorities to support research results. From 4.1.3 Satisfaction level towards working No.7 ‘Activities of the project include resolution of flood and drought’ is the average of 4.52 (very high) and No.13 ‘The project to develop the upper River Ping Basin corresponds to people needs truly’ on the average of 4.53. and 4.1.4 Opinion of people on the way to develop working No.1 ‘The result of this project has water all year round’ demonstrates that this project can relieve the hardships of the people and water resource is adequate for living. Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters collects data from Agricultural Office of Lamphun Province to support research results of the project can relieve the hardships of people and water resource is adequate for living.’ as shown in the following table below. Table 5: Comparison of Longan production from 2012 to 2018 (October 2018) Mae Tha district and Lee district, Lamphun province All New Average Harvested planted planted Flowering products Year District area (Rai) Products(Kg) area area area (Rai) per Rai
(Rai) (Rai) (Kg) 2012 Mae Tha 25,757 - 25,402 25,160 20,162,600 801 2013 Mae Tha 25,757 - 27,744 25,530 22,197,500 869 2014 Mae Tha 26,528 771 25,313 24,452 23,330,800 954 2015 Mae Tha 26,528 - 13,655 18,858 22,272,000 1,181 2016 Mae Tha 26,528 - 20,617 10,240 7,394,700 722 2017 Mae Tha 26,326 - 25,228 33,290 35,376,100 1,063 2018 Mae Tha 26,326 - 22,902 12,685 13,710,800 1,081 2012 Lee 77,995 - 62,880 62,880 128,317,300 2,041 2013 Lee 77,995 - 61,939 61,939 56,473,300 912 2014 Lee 77,995 - 72,327 72,327 70,252,600 971 2015 Lee 77,995 - 49,856 49,856 44,683,200 896 All New Average Harvested planted planted Flowering products Year District area (Rai) Products(Kg) area area area (Rai) per Rai
(Rai) (Rai) (Kg) 2016 Lee 77,995 - 69,399 64,591 37,907,800 587 2017 Lee 77,995 - 72,628 72,501 70,942,100 978 2018 Lee 77,995 - 103,405 106,694 118,680,900 1,112 From Table 5 It is found that the drought was the very worst in 2016 and Longan products of both two districts decreased, owing to the fact that Longan is a plant that needs a lot of water. After the completion of the project to develop River Ping Basin in 2016, it is found that Longan products have increased since 2017 until 2018. It illustrates that Lee and Mae Tha tributaries have sufficient water for people living in the area and off season Longan as shown in the following table below. Table 6: Comparison of off season Longan production from 2012 to 2018 (October 2018) Mae Tha district and Lee district, Lamphun province % % Amount Average Amount of Harvested Products Products Price of products Year District money area (Rai) (Kg) +/- (Baht) money per Rai (Baht) % +/- (Kg) % 2012 Mae Tha 1,916 1,803,600 29.36 52,960,900 941 2013 Mae Tha 2,740 2,554,000 41.61 22.76 58,134,700 9.77 932 2014 Mae Tha 8,457 8,681,100 39.90 16.98 147,424,800 153.59 1,026 2015 Mae Tha 10,275 14,231,900 63.94 45.12 642,200,600 335.61 1,385 2016 Mae Tha - - - 100.00 - - - 100.00 - 2017 Mae Tha 18,011 20,602,000 - 16.53 340,486,400 - 1,144 2018 Mae Tha 2,315 2,664,400 - 87.07 31.40 83,665,800 - 75.43 1,151 2012 Lee 23,756 45,598,300 17.61 802,829,175 1,919 % % Amount Average Amount of Harvested Products Products Price of products Year District money area (Rai) (Kg) +/- (Baht) money per Rai (Baht) % +/- (Kg) % 2013 Lee 8,969 6,776,900 - 85.14 17.89 121,206,250 - 84.90 756 2014 Lee 10,819 10,498,800 54.92 15.44 162,087,375 33.73 970 2015 Lee 23,346 14,822,300 41.18 24.60 364,622,350 124.95 635 2016 Lee 15,368 10,146,900 - 31.54 24.49 248,469,500 - 31.86 660 2017 Lee 14,416 14,915,200 46.99 31.83 474,773,500 91.08 1,035 2018 Lee 51,521 46,203,300 209.77 22.08 1,020,070,300 114.85 897 Source : Agricultural Office of Lamphun Province From Table 6, It is found that off season Longan production of both two districts decreased in 2016, especially Mae Tha district without off season Longan; however, two districts could produce off season Longan in 2017, owing to adequate water. In 2018, Mae Tha district has had off season production decreasingly because farmers predict that the price of off season Longan will not be good so they decrease off season production even enough water. On the contrary, Lee district has still produced off season Longan increasingly. From 4.1.3 Satisfaction level towards working No.12 ‘The result of the project can improve your quality of life.’ is the average of 4.49 (very high). It illustrates that people in the area have better quality of life owing that there is sufficient water for consumption and farmers can increase incomes from better quality of products resulting in high price such as Longan as shown in the following table below.
Table 7: Comparison of agricultural product and price between 2016 and 2017 Before beginning the initiative After the initiative completion Rice Farm Other (2016) Longan (2017) Longan Number District field plant vegetables One Longan tree produces 30 Kg (1 Kg One Longan tree produces 50 Kg (1 Kg 20 Baht) 26 Baht) Rai Rai Rai Rai Price/Rai Total Rai Price/Rai Total
1 Mae Tha 18,672 5,422 5,384 28,085 15,000 421,275,000 28,085 32,500 912,762,500
2 Pa Wang 2,100 1,000 667 4,500 15,000 67,500,000 4,500 32,500 146,250,000
3 Muang 3,600 920 1,725 3,925 15,000 58,875,000 3,925 32,500 127,562,500
4 Lee 5,671 15,403 4,119 52,514 15,000 787,710,000 52,514 32,500 1,706,705,000 Thung Hua 5 Chang 5,000 5,699 2,328 5,217 15,000 78,255,000 5,217 32,500 169,552,500
6 Ban Hong 9,198 1,112 4,093 53,517 15,000 802,755,000 53,517 32,500 1,739,302,500 Wiang Nong 7 Long 2,346 147 750 19,386 15,000 290,790,000 19,386 32,500 630,045,000
Total 46,587 29,703 19,066 167,144 15,000 2,507,160,000 167,144 32,500 5,432,180,000 Source : Agricultural Office of Lamphun Province Table 7 is a comparison of product value added and price before (2016) and after (2017) case study of Longan product comparison : Product increasingly per Rai without off season product’ can be seen as follows : In 2016, one Longan tree produced 30 Kg and grade B price was 20 Baht/Kg. Longan trees were planted on 167,144 Rai (one Rai/25 Longan trees). Therefore, farmers had incomes = 167,144x25x30x20 = 2,507,160,000 Baht In 2017, one Longan tree produced 50 Kg and grade A price was 26 Baht/Kg. Longan trees were planted on 167,144 Rai (one Rai/25 Longan trees). Therefore, farmers had incomes = 167,144x25x50x26 = 5,432,180,000 Baht Therefore, farmers of 7 districts had increasingly incomes 5,432,180,000 – 2,507,160,000 = 2,925,020,000 Baht From 4.1.3 Satisfaction level towards working No.10 ‘During running the project, allow people to participate continuously’ is the average of 4.48 (very high). It illustrates that people can participate in activities to develop water source and the community is a unity as well as power of villagers and authorities to be one. Besides this, No.15‘You are ready to protect the initiative sustainably.’ Is the average of 4.51 (very high). It illustrates that people in the community cherish water source, feel possessive and realize responsibility of check dam construction and water source. In addition, the Office of Public Sector Development Commission evaluated satisfaction of people or stakeholders to participate in public administration or cooperation with government sectors. The samples of survey are 183. The questionnaires of satisfaction survey are 60. The average of stakeholders’ satisfaction is 97.28 % Calculation Formula
x = score of satisfaction n = amount of population Summary. The project to develop River Ping Basin, running by Armed Forces Development Command, case study of Lee and Mae Tha tributaries or Lee-Tha Model : sustainable water management” can achieve the project’s objectives to relieve the hardships of people with water source development for people living, raising quality of life, eradicating conflicts of using water resource and creating community unity to take part in water resource management. ……………………………………………………………..