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A Survey and Assessment of the Capabilities of Cubesats for Earth Observation
Acta Astronautica 74 (2012) 50–68 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Acta Astronautica journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actaastro Review A survey and assessment of the capabilities of Cubesats for Earth observation Daniel Selva a,n, David Krejci b a Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA b Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria article info abstract Article history: In less than a decade, Cubesats have evolved from purely educational tools to a standard Received 2 December 2011 platform for technology demonstration and scientific instrumentation. The use of COTS Accepted 9 December 2011 (Commercial-Off-The-Shelf) components and the ongoing miniaturization of several technologies have already led to scattered instances of missions with promising Keywords: scientific value. Furthermore, advantages in terms of development cost and develop- Cubesats ment time with respect to larger satellites, as well as the possibility of launching several Earth observation satellites dozens of Cubesats with a single rocket launch, have brought forth the potential for University satellites radically new mission architectures consisting of very large constellations or clusters of Systems engineering Cubesats. These architectures promise to combine the temporal resolution of GEO Remote sensing missions with the spatial resolution of LEO missions, thus breaking a traditional trade- Nanosatellites Picosatellites off in Earth observation mission design. This paper assesses the current capabilities of Cubesats with respect to potential employment in Earth observation missions. A thorough review of Cubesat bus technology capabilities is performed, identifying potential limitations and their implications on 17 different Earth observation payload technologies. These results are matched to an exhaustive review of scientific require- ments in the field of Earth observation, assessing the possibilities of Cubesats to cope with the requirements set for each one of 21 measurement categories. -
Presentation
100 years of history of AIDAA Associazione Italiana di Aeronautica e Astronautica A.I.D.A.A. – APS Via Salaria 851 – 00138 – Rome – Italy www.aidaa.it Foundation of A.I.D.A. The Italian Association of Aerotechnics 1920 ▪ The early years (1920-1950) End of first world war: General Maurizio Mario Moris, defined as “the driving force of the Italian Air Force,” who had directed the “Military Higher School of Aeronautical Constructions” of the “Brigade for Specialist Engineers” since 1910, proposed the foundation of a “scientific society for the progress of aeronautics in which agreement and scientific information among the experts is carried forward with conferences, discussions and periodic meetings.” Foundation of A.I.D.A. The Italian Association of Aerotechnics 1920 ▪ The early years (1920-1950) On June 29, 1920, the most excellent Italian experts in aerotechnics, under Vito Volterra and Maurizio Moris's initiative, met up at the Aero Club of Rome in Via del Tritone on Friday, July 2 at 9 p.m. and founded A.I.D.A. In the same meeting, on a proposal by Volterra, Gen. Maurizio Mario Moris was elected President. In 1922 the initial territorial Branches were set up. The first one was the Milan Branch in 1922, then those of Naples, Rome, and Turin in 1923. After the British Royal Aeronautical Society, founded in 1866, A.I.D.A. is the second oldest aeronautical association globally. Foundation of A.I.D.A. The Italian Association of Aerotechnics 1920 ▪ The early years (1920-1950) Moris proposed and organized conferences and seminars; during his presidency, the Journal of the Association was established. -
Secretariat Distr.: General 25 November 2014
United Nations ST/SG/SER.E/733 Secretariat Distr.: General 25 November 2014 Original: English Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space Information furnished in conformity with the Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space Letter dated 30 October 2014 from the Legal Services Department of the European Space Agency addressed to the Secretary-General In conformity with the Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space (General Assembly resolution 3235 (XXIX), annex), the rights and obligations of which the European Space Agency (ESA) has declared its acceptance of, the Agency has the honour to transmit information on space objects Sentinel-1A and ATV-5, which were put into orbit within the past seven months (see annex). The Agency has the further honour to note that with effect from 28 October 2014, the date of signature of the Agreement between the European Union, Represented by the European Commission, and the European Space Agency on the Implementation of the Copernicus Programme, Including the Transfer of Ownership of Sentinels, the Agency has transferred the ownership of Sentinel-1A to the European Union. (Signed) Marco Ferrazzani ESA Legal Counsel and Head of the Legal Services Department V.14-07991 (E) 031214 041214 *1407991* ST/SG/SER.E/733 Annex Registration data on space objects launched by the European Space Agency* Sentinel-1A Information provided in conformity with the Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space Committee on Space Research 2014-016A international -
AMA 2009 UNE ANNÉE « BIG BANG » IYA09 - Behind the Big Bang
LE MAGAZINE D’INFORMATION DU CENTRE NATIONAL D’ÉTUDES SPATIALES cnescnesmag N° 41 04/2009 AMA 2009 UNE ANNÉE « BIG BANG » IYA09 - Behind the Big Bang L’oiseau et le satellite Birds under satellite scrutiny JEAN-MICHEL JARRE Un ambassadeur pour l’astronomie Astronomy’s ambassador sommaire ERATJ contents N°41 - 04/2009 06 04 / 15 news Smos, Des mesures disponibles à l’automne SMOS: data coming soon Soyouz, dernière ligne droite avant le lancement Soyuz in Guiana: first launch in sight 11 100 ans pour le salon du Bourget Paris Air Show centenary 16 / 29 politique Business & politics 16 Interview Fadela Amara, secrétaire d’État en charge de la Politique de la ville, à l’occasion du démarrage de l’opération « Espace dans ma ville » 2009. IInterview with Fadela Amara, Junior Minister for Urban Affairs, for the kick-off of Space in my City 2009. Séminaire de prospective Space science seminar Histoire d’espace: La France moteur de l’Europe spatiale Space History: France as Europe’s engine room in space 30 / 37 société Society L’oiseau et le satellite 30 Birds under satellite scrutiny Une expertise pour l’écotaxe poids lourds CNES expertise applied to truck eco-tax 38 / 59 dossier Special report 2009, une année « Big Bang » 2009 - Behind the Big Bang 60 / 68 Monde World États-Unis : la Nasa attend une nouvelle impulsion United States: NASA awaiting new momentum Europe : cap sur l’Espace européen de la recherche Europe: European Research Area in sight 69 / 75 culture Arts & living L’espace s’invite à La Nuit des musées Space in the spotlight on museum night Un espace dédié aux enseignants Dedicated site for teachers Des fusées expérimentales à Biscarosse Experimental rockets and more 60 CNESMAG journal trimestriel de communication externe du Centre national d’études spatiales.2 place Maurice-Quentin. -
Cubesat Data Analysis Revision
371-XXXXX Revision - CubeSat Data Analysis Revision - November 2015 Prepared by: GSFC/Code 371 National Aeronautics and Goddard Space Flight Center Space Administration Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 371-XXXXX Revision - Signature Page Prepared by: ___________________ _____ Mark Kaminskiy Date Reliability Engineer ARES Corporation Accepted by: _______________________ _____ Nasir Kashem Date Reliability Lead NASA/GSFC Code 371 1 371-XXXXX Revision - DOCUMENT CHANGE RECORD REV DATE DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE LEVEL APPROVED - Baseline Release 2 371-XXXXX Revision - Table of Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Statement of Work 5 3 Database 5 4 Distributions by Satellite Classes, Users, Mass, and Volume 7 4.1 Distribution by satellite classes 7 4.2 Distribution by satellite users 8 4.3 CubeSat Distribution by mass 8 4.4 CubeSat Distribution by volume 8 5 Annual Number of CubeSats Launched 9 6 Reliability Data Analysis 10 6.1 Introducing “Time to Event” variable 10 6.2 Probability of a Successful Launch 10 6.3 Estimation of Probability of Mission Success after Successful Launch. Kaplan-Meier Nonparametric Estimate and Weibull Distribution. 10 6.3.1 Kaplan-Meier Estimate 10 6.3.2 Weibull Distribution Estimation 11 6.4 Estimation of Probability of mission success after successful launch as a function of time and satellite mass using Weibull Regression 13 6.4.1 Weibull Regression 13 6.4.2 Data used for estimation of the model parameters 13 6.4.3 Comparison of the Kaplan-Meier estimates of the Reliability function and the estimates based on the Weibull regression 16 7 Conclusion 17 8 Acknowledgement 18 9 References 18 10 Appendix 19 Table of Figures Figure 4-1 CubeSats distribution by mass .................................................................................................... -
N.7 1 24336 April 18, 1971
NATIONAL MRONAUTKS AND SPACE ADMINISRATlON (m)w-4155 WASHINGTON, D x .mi46 TEIS: (a)963-6925 - ma ac * LEASE: SUNDAY N.7 1 24336 April 18, 1971 . (ACCMSION NUMB^) (THRU) e-3 37) (NASA CR OR TMX OR AD NUMBER) (CATEGORY) The third spacecraft in a joint Italian-United States cooperative space program is scheduled to be launched by a four-stage Scout rocket from an Italian platform in the Indian Ocean three miles off the coast of Kenya, Africa, no earlier than April 24. Called San Marco-f, the 360-pound (164 Kilogram) scientific spacecraft, built in Italy, carries three specially- designed icstruments -- one Italian and two U.S. -- to - - study the environment of the upper atmosphere in the equa- torial region. The orbit planned for San Marc3-C is equatorial, inclined only three degrees, with an apogee of about 500 statute miles (800 Kilometers), and a perigee of 130 statute miles (214 Km). It will circle the Earth once every 95 minutes. The launch- ing will be conducted ,by an Italian crew. -2- The San Marco program is Jointly managed by the Centro Ricerche Aerospaziali dellv Universita Degli Studi di Roma (Aerospace Research Center of the University of Rome)--CRA-- of Italy and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. Under terms of the agreement signed in Nov. 1967, responsibilities for the program were divided as follows: Italy designed and built the spacecraft, integrated flight experiments and will conduct launch operations. The U.S,, under the agreement, has provided the Scout launch rocket, two experiments, technical consultation, launch crew train- ing. -
Kazakhstan Missile Chronology
Kazakhstan Missile Chronology Last update: May 2010 As of May 2010, this chronology is no longer being updated. For current developments, please see the Kazakhstan Missile Overview. This annotated chronology is based on the data sources that follow each entry. Public sources often provide conflicting information on classified military programs. In some cases we are unable to resolve these discrepancies, in others we have deliberately refrained from doing so to highlight the potential influence of false or misleading information as it appeared over time. In many cases, we are unable to independently verify claims. Hence in reviewing this chronology, readers should take into account the credibility of the sources employed here. Inclusion in this chronology does not necessarily indicate that a particular development is of direct or indirect proliferation significance. Some entries provide international or domestic context for technological development and national policymaking. Moreover, some entries may refer to developments with positive consequences for nonproliferation. 2009-1947 March 2009 On 4 March 2009, Kazakhstan signed a contract to purchase S-300 air defense missile systems from Russia. According to Ministry of Defense officials, Kazakhstan plans to purchase 10 batteries of S-300PS by 2011. Kazakhstan's Air Defense Commander Aleksandr Sorokin mentioned, however, that the 10 batteries would still not be enough to shield all the most vital" facilities designated earlier by a presidential decree. The export version of S- 300PS (NATO designation SA-10C Grumble) has a maximum range of 75 km and can hit targets moving at up to 1200 m/s at a minimum altitude of 25 meters. -
2015152450 Presentation-Airbus
Accès Européen à l’Espace, pourquoi Ariane 6 et Airbus Safran Launchers ? Assemblée Générale ISAE 11/06/2015 H. GILIBERT – CTO - Airbus Safran Launchers 1 Eléments de contexte This document is the property of Airbus Safran Launchers. It shall be not communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed. Airbus Safran Launchers Holding/SAS/GmbH. All rights reserved. Janvier 2015 2 Le contexte des lanceurs spatiaux en Europe • Les lanceurs spatiaux servent avant tout la Garantie de l’Accès Stratégique à l’Espace pour les Etats Européens. • L’activité est supportée par les Etats Membres de l’Agence Spatiale Européenne (esa). • Quelques lancements institutionnels à l’année (essentiellement avec VEGA, et SOYOUZ actuellement). • L’économie de la filière est rendue supportable pour les Etats Européens par la capture de lancements commerciaux, qui assurent la récurrence de production et forcent à la compétitivité. • Ariane 5 (6 à 7 lancements par an) réalise > 80 % de ses lancements sur le marché commercial (leader mondial ~50 % du marché ouvert). This document is the property of Airbus Safran Launchers. It shall be not communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed. Airbus Safran Launchers Holding/SAS/GmbH. All rights reserved. janvier 2015 3 L’activité Lancements Spatiaux dans le monde This document is the property of Airbus Safran Launchers. It shall be not communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed. Airbus Safran Launchers Holding/SAS/GmbH. All rights reserved. janvier 2015 4 Les évolutions du marché des lancements (1/2) Les « moyens à gros » Les lancements sur le marché commercial sont essentiels pour soutenir l’Accès Européen Autonome à l’Espace Apparition de satellites à propulsion électrique, plus légers -> modifiera peu à peu les besoins mission sur la décennie à venir. -
Variations of Solid Rocket Motor Preliminary Design for Small TSTO Launcher
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institute of Transport Research:Publications Space Propulsion 2012 – ID 2394102 Variations of Solid Rocket Motor Preliminary Design for Small TSTO launcher Etienne Dumont Space Launcher Systems Analysis (SART), DLR, Bremen, Germany [email protected] NGL New/Next Generation Launcher Abstract SI Structural Index (mdry / mpropellant) Several combinations of solid rocket motors and ignition SRM Solid Rocket Motor strategies have been considered for a small Two Stage to TSTO Two Stage To Orbit Orbit (TSTO) launch vehicle based on a big solid rocket US Upper Stage motor first stage and cryogenic upper stage propelled by VENUS Vega New Upper Stage the Vinci engine. In order to reach the target payload avg average during the flight performance of about 1400 kg into GTO for the clean s.l. sea level version and 2700 to 3000 kg for the boosted version, the vac vacuum influence of the selected solid rocket motors on the upper 2 + 2 P23 4 P23: two ignited on ground and two with a stage structure has been studied. Preliminary structural delayed ignition designs have been performed and the thrust histories of the solid rocket motor have been tweaked to limit the upper stage structural mass. First stage and booster 1. Introduction combinations with acceptable general loads are proposed. Solid rocket motors (SRM) are commonly used for boosters or launcher first stage. Indeed they can provide high thrust levels while being compact, light and Nomenclature relatively simple compared to a liquid rocket engine Isp specific impulse s providing the same thrust level. -
The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2012
Federal Aviation Administration The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2012 February 2013 About FAA About the FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA AST) licenses and regulates U.S. commercial space launch and reentry activity, as well as the operation of non-federal launch and reentry sites, as authorized by Executive Order 12465 and Title 51 United States Code, Subtitle V, Chapter 509 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act). FAA AST’s mission is to ensure public health and safety and the safety of property while protecting the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States during commercial launch and reentry operations. In addition, FAA AST is directed to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries. Additional information concerning commercial space transportation can be found on FAA AST’s website: http://www.faa.gov/go/ast Cover art: Phil Smith, The Tauri Group (2013) NOTICE Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this document does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the Federal Aviation Administration. • i • Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation Dear Colleague, 2012 was a very active year for the entire commercial space industry. In addition to all of the dramatic space transportation events, including the first-ever commercial mission flown to and from the International Space Station, the year was also a very busy one from the government’s perspective. It is clear that the level and pace of activity is beginning to increase significantly. -
Space Debris
IADC-11-04 April 2013 Space Debris IADC Assessment Report for 2010 Issued by the IADC Steering Group Table of Contents 1. Foreword .......................................................................... 1 2. IADC Highlights ................................................................ 2 3. Space Debris Activities in the United Nations ................... 4 4. Earth Satellite Population .................................................. 6 5. Satellite Launches, Reentries and Retirements ................ 10 6. Satellite Fragmentations ................................................... 15 7. Collision Avoidance .......................................................... 17 8. Orbital Debris Removal ..................................................... 18 9. Major Meetings Addressing Space Debris ........................ 20 Appendix: Satellite Break-ups, 2000-2010 ............................ 22 IADC Assessment Report for 2010 i Acronyms ADR Active Debris Removal ASI Italian Space Agency CNES Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (France) CNSA China National Space Agency CSA Canadian Space Agency COPUOS Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, United Nations DLR German Aerospace Center ESA European Space Agency GEO Geosynchronous Orbit region (region near 35,786 km altitude where the orbital period of a satellite matches that of the rotation rate of the Earth) IADC Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee ISRO Indian Space Research Organization ISS International Space Station JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency LEO Low -
Space Astronomy in India: 43 Years and Counting
Interstellar Matter and Star Formation: A Multi-wavelength Perspective ASI Conference Series, 2010, Vol. 1, pp 177{191 Edited by D. K. Ojha Space astronomy in India: 43 years and counting R. K. Manchanda¤ Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400 005, India Abstract. The beginning of Space astronomy in India took place at TIFR in 1966, with the development of a small balloon borne X- ray astronomy payload. During the 1966-1976 period, studies in the X-ray and Gamma ray energy bands were pursued both at TIFR and PRL, Ahmedabad. Infrared astronomy made its beginning in 1975. The rapid progress of Space astronomy in the early years was mainly due to the availability of large plastic balloons and detector tools de- veloped by the High altitude studies group of TIFR, which I joined in 1966 and initiated the fabrication of the X-ray payload. Balloon borne astronomy has thrived during the past 43 years while satellite opportunities during this period were few and only for piggyback pay- loads. At present, a full fledged multi-wavelength astronomy satellite mission named ASTROSAT is under fabrication and will be launched in 2011. Keywords : X-ray astronomy, Space astronomy, Balloon borne ex- periments, History of astronomy 1. Early phase Space astronomy in India was born in 1966 at TIFR as a Balloon-borne ex- ploratory programme soon after the chance discovery of the ¯rst X-ray sources in 1962 and within one year became the key project of the High Altitude Stud- ies group. Simultaneously, balloon borne X-ray and gamma ray astronomy work started at Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad.