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D APPENDIX DATA SUMMARY TABLES Default Source Characteristics for CEUS SSC Project Study Region Table D-5.4 Future Earthquake Characteristics RLME Sources Table D-6.1.1 Charlevoix RLME Table D-6.1.2 Charleston RLME Table D-6.1.3 Cheraw Fault RLME Table D-6.1.4 Oklahoma Aulacogen RLME Table D-6.1.5 Reelfoot Rift–New Madrid Seismic Zone RLMEs [No Table D-6.1.6] [Reelfoot Rift–Eastern Rift Margin RLME; see Table D-6.1.5] [No Table D-6.1.7] [Reelfoot Rift–Marianna RLME; see Table D-6.1.5] [No Table D-6.1.8] [Reelfoot Rift–Commerce Fault Zone RLME; see Table D-6.1.5] Table D-6.1.9 Wabash Valley RLME Seismotectonic Zones Table D-7.3.1 St. Lawrence Rift Zone (SLR) Table D-7.3.2 Great Meteor Hotspot Zone (GMH) Table D-7.3.3 Northern Appalachian Zone (NAP) Table D-7.3.4 Paleozoic Extended Crust Zone (PEZ; narrow [N] and wide [W]) [No Table D-7.3.5] [Illinois Basin-Extended Basement Zone (IBEB); see Table D-6.1.9] [No Table D-7.3.6] [Reelfoot Rift Zone (RR) including Rough Creek Graben (RR-RCG); see Table D-6.1.5] Table D-7.3.7 Extended Continental Crust Zone–Atlantic Margin (ECC-AM) [No Table D-7.3.8] [Atlantic Highly Extended Crust Zone (AHEX); see Table D-7.3.7] Table D-7.3.9 Extended Continental Crust Zone–Gulf Coast (ECC-GC) [No Table D-7.3.10] [Gulf Coast Highly Extended Crust Zone (GHEX); see Table D-7.3.9] [No Table D-7.3.11] [Oklahoma Aulacogen (OKA); see Table D-6.1.4] Table D-7.3.12 Midcontinent-Craton Zone (MidC) D-1 Mmax Zones Criteria for defining the MESE/NMESE boundary for the two-zone alternative are discussed in Section 6.2.2. MESE-N includes ECC-AM, ECC-GC, AHEX, GHEX, RR, SLR, NAP, GMH, and PEZ-N. MESE-W differs from MESE-N in that it adopts the wide alternative geometries (i.e., PEZ-W, RR-RCG, and IBEB). See the tables listed above for data pertinent to the definition of the boundaries of the zones and evidence for Mesozoic and younger tectonism. Default future earthquakes rupture parameters (Table 4.1.3-1) are assigned to both the one-zone and two-zone Mmax sources. Introduction The Data Summary tables were developed to provide information on the various data that were considered during the course of the characterization of seismic sources. The table designation is linked to the chapter and section where the table is first cited. In some cases, information related to multiple seismic sources is included in a single table. The tables provide the citations to the data and a description of the key conclusions and their potential relevance to SSC. Full citations of references listed in the tables are provided in Chapter 10. All data sets included in the tables were reviewed, although not all were ultimately used to characterize a particular seismic source. Additional information on the Data Summary tables is provided in Section 4.1.2.2. Please note that magnitudes are reported in the magnitude scale designated in the cited publication. D-2 Table D-5.4 Data Summary Future Earthquake Characteristics Citation Title Description and Relevance to SSC Atkinson (2004) Empirical Attenuation of Presents a database of 1,700 digital seismograms from 186 earthquakes of magnitude Ground-Motion Spectral MN 2.5–5.6 that occurred in SE Canada and the NE United States from 1990 to 2003. Amplitudes in Southeastern The focus of the paper is the development of ground motion attenuation relationships, Canada and the Northeastern but the database represents high-quality instrumental recordings; source parameters United States are given for all events. This information can be used to examine various future earthquake characteristics such as focal depth. Chapman et al. A Statistical Analysis of This paper reports that 26 well-constrained focal mechanism solutions are derived (1997) Earthquake Focal Mechanisms using a new velocity model and relocated hypocenters. The results suggest that strike- and Epicenter Locations in the slip motion on steeply dipping planes is the dominant mode of faulting throughout the Eastern Tennessee Seismic 300 km (186 mi.) long Eastern Tennessee seismic zone. Most of the mechanisms can Zone be grouped into two populations. The larger population is characterized by steeply dipping N-S- and E-W-striking nodal planes with right-lateral and left-lateral slip, respectively. The second population differs from the first by an approximate 45° eastward rotation about the B-axis. The results suggest a series of NE-trending en echelon basement faults, intersected by several east-trending faults. Most of the larger- magnitude instrumentally located earthquakes in the seismic zone occurred close to the statistically identified potential faults. Dineva et al. (2004) Seismicity of the Southern Using data from 27 seismograph stations for the period 1990–2001, 106 hypocenters Great Lakes: Revised with magnitudes of 0.9–5.4 were relocated in the region of the southern Great Lakes. Earthquake Hypocenters and Both the seismicity and magnetic anomalies exhibit statistically significant preferred Possible Tectonic Controls orientations at N40°E–N45°E, but the correlation of the earthquake clusters with specific magnetic lineaments remains uncertain. Three preliminary focal mechanisms of earthquakes with magnitudes MN 3.1–3.8 show unusual normal faulting, with nodal planes in almost the same direction as the magnetic trends, N42°E–N52°E. Heidbach et al. The World Stress Map Project Compilation of stress indicators for the CEUS shows consistent tectonic stress (2008) Database Release 2008 directions in the NE quadrant. No strong evidence for stress subprovinces. (World Stress Map) D-3 Table D-5.4 Data Summary Future Earthquake Characteristics Citation Title Description and Relevance to SSC Horton et al. (2005) The 6 June 2003 Bardwell, Includes a compilation of earthquake focal mechanisms of the earthquakes that Kentucky, earthquake occurred in the central U.S. since 1960s, including Reelfoot rift, Rough Creek graben in sequence: Evidence for a western Kentucky, and Wabash Valley fault system along SE Illinois/SW Indiana Locally Perturbed Stress Field border. Special study of the June 6, 2003, Bardwell, Kentucky, earthquake, including a in the Mississippi Embayment number of aftershocks, has been done to provide high-quality locations and focal mechanisms. Mechanisms are primarily strike-slip, with a component of reverse faulting. Focal mechanisms of earthquakes in the New Madrid seismic zone with E-W- trending nodal planes have different trending P axes, suggesting a strong perturbation in the stress field over a distance of about 60 km (37 mi.). Kim (2003) The 18 June 2002 Caborn, Presents an assessment of the June 18, 2002, Caborn, Indiana, earthquake (Mw 4.6) Indiana, Earthquake: using regional and teleseismic waveform data, and concludes that the event occurred Reactivation of Ancient Rift in on a steeply dipping fault at a depth of about 18 km (11 mi.). The source mechanism the Wabash Valley Seismic determined from regional waveform analysis is predominantly strike-slip along near- Zone? vertical nodal planes. The June 2002 event at 18 km (11 mi.) depth and the south- central Illinois earthquake on November 9, 1968 (Mw 5.3), which occurred at 25 km (15.5 mi.) depth, suggest that seismogenic depth in the Wabash Valley seismic zone extends to at least 18 km (11 mi.). Kim and Chapman The 9 December 2003 Central The December 9, 2003, central Virginia earthquake sequence was a compound (2005) Virginia Earthquake Sequence: earthquake consisting of two nearly identical events occurring about 12 sec apart. The A Compound Earthquake in the source mechanism determined from regional waveform inversion indicates Central Virginia Seismic Zone predominantly thrust faulting at a depth of approximately 10 ± 2 km (6 ± 1 mi.). A regional stress model for the Central Virginia seismic zone derived from the December 9, 2003, events and 11 previous earthquakes indicates a thrust-faulting stress regime. The December 9, 2003, earthquake sequence occurred among the systems of Paleozoic and Mesozoic faults above the southern Appalachian décollement, which is at 12–19 km (7–12 mi.) depth in the Piedmont geologic province of central Virginia. Mai et al. (2005) Hypocenter Locations in Finite- The paper compiles data related to hypocenter depths in relation to the normalized Source Rupture Models downdip width of fault rupture for crustal faults and subduction zones. The relationships can be used to assess expected depth distribution of earthquakes as a function of earthquake magnitude. D-4 Table D-5.4 Data Summary Future Earthquake Characteristics Citation Title Description and Relevance to SSC Marshak and Paulsen Structural Style, Regional Summarizes steeply dipping faults and associated monoclinal forced folds, which were (1997) Distribution, and Seismic active in pulses during the Phanerozoic, although it is suggested that they initiated Implications of Midcontinent during episodes of Proterozoic extensional tectonism. Based on fault-trace orientation, Fault-and-Fold Zones, United Midcontinent fault-and-fold zones are divided into two sets—one trending N-NE and States the other trending W-NW. Many W-NW-trending fault-and-fold zones link along strike to define semicontinuous NW-trending deformation corridors. One of these, the 200 km (124 mi.) wide Transamerican tectonic zone (TTZ), traces over 2,500 km (1,553 mi.) from Idaho to South Carolina. Seismicity most frequently occurs where N-NE-trending fault-and-fold zones cross the TTZ, suggesting that intracratonic strain in the U.S. currently concentrates at or near intersecting fault zones within this corridor. Mazzotti (2009 CEUS Strain (and Stress) Constraints Map showing ~50 focal mechanisms indicates primarily reverse faulting, with a SSC Workshop 2 on Seismicity in the St.
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