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Selecting Landscape Shrubs with Special Comments On With Special Comments on Selecting Landscape Shrubs Invasive and Native Plants Figure 1. Shrubs have many roles in this home’s front landscape. They are used extensively in the foundation planting around the base of the home. They create a background for other plantings and provide a screen or barrier along the property lines. Low- growing shrubs are used to edge the landscape beds in front of the garage. The two shrubs at the entrance of the driveway provide an accent for this area. Shrubs also are used to provide a haven to attract wildlife to the bird bath to the right of the home. 1 hrubs are considered to be the “workhorses” of the What Is a Shrub? Function or Role landscape. Some people tend to think of shrubs as For the purposes of this publication, a shrub is a woody Determine what function or role the shrub will have in Sbland, green masses that fill landscape spaces, but plant with multiple stems or trunks that grows 20 feet your landscape. For example, do you need a low ever - there are thousands of varieties of shrubs, all with their tall or less when mature. There are, of course, exceptions green shrub to go around the base of your deck? Or, do own unique and interesting qualities. Shrubs come in to this definition. Obviously, some of the plants listed, you need a shrub that could screen an unsightly view? every form and size imaginable. They exhibit a host of under optimum conditions, may exceed 20 feet in height. Maybe you need a shrub to accent the entrance to the different leaf shapes and textures. Some display seasonal Also, shrubs can be trained to a single trunk in some driveway. Common examples of functions or roles that interest with prolific blooms, leaf color, bark texture, or cases. Conversely, some trees can have multiple trunks. shrubs play in our landscapes include: fruit. With so many choices available, selecting the right Common sense is the best guide to distinguish a shrub • Foundation plants (Figure 1) shrub for your landscape can seem a little daunting. from other plant groups such as trees or ground covers. • Hedge, screen, and background plants (Figures 1 and 2) Selecting the wrong plant can increase your mainte - nance chores through excessive pruning, extra watering, Shrub Selection Checklist • Energy conservation, which includes managing wind, heat, and cold (Figure 3) and additional spraying to control insects and diseases. When choosing a plant for your landscape, there are Selecting the right plant can reduce these chores and many things to consider. It is always better to evaluate • Erosion control increase the time you have to enjoy your landscape. your landscape situation before you go shopping, so you • Container plants (Figure 4) This publication will provide information to help you can fit the plant to the site rather than trying to change • Border and edging plants (Figures 1 and 2) make the right shrub choices. Whether you are plan - the site to fit the plant. • Specimen plants ning a new landscape or renovating an established one, Use the checklist below to help you assess the land - • Accent plants (Figure 1) this publication contains plant characteristics and cul - scape location where the shrub will be planted. Then • Sound barriers (Figure 2) tural information on many kinds of shrubs that grow select plants from the table that fit your particular land - • Wildlife habitats (Figures 1 and 2) well in Mississippi. scape situation. Explanations of the topics follow the checklist. n Function or role n Height and width n Amount of light n Climatic zone n Soil conditions • Fertility needs • Soil pH • Light (sandy), medium, heavy (clay) • Available water (quality of drainage) n Form n Texture n Seasonal interest or color n Risk analysis 2 Figure 2. This backyard landscape illus - trates many of the uses of shrubs, including background, screen, wildlife habitat, edg - ing, and accent plantings. The large hedge along the left side of the driveway serves as a sound barrier as well as a screen. 3 Figure 3. The aerial view of the landscape depicted in Figures 1 and 2 shows how shrubs can be placed around the property to conserve energy by buffering the effects of winter wind and summer sun. Shrubs also can be used to direct summer breezes and allow winter sun to reach the home. 4 in the morning if given afternoon shade. Some sun plants will grow fine in situations of some early morning or late afternoon shade. Refer to the comments section of the plant table for further information on specific light refer - ences for plants in this light category. Climatic Zone The U.S. Department of Agriculture has categorized the climates of the United States, Canada, and Mexico into numbered zones based on average low winter tempera - tures. The zone numbers range from 1 to 11. Each decrease in a zone number means the average low winter temperature is 10 degrees colder. The map in Figure 5 Figure 4. Container plants. shows the USDA zones for Mississippi. All of Mississippi is within Plant Hardiness Zones 7 and 8. These are the average low winter temperature ranges for each zone Height and Width and sub-zone: Knowing the mature size of a plant is very important. Size includes not just height, but also the mature spread Zone °F Range or width of the shrub. Both should be considered before 7 10–0 choosing a shrub for a particular location in the land - 7a 5–0 scape. Choosing a plant that will become too large for the 7b 10–5 space available is a common mistake homeowners make. 8 20–10 8a 15–10 Problems arise later as the plant outgrows its location 8b 20–15 and blocks walkways, driveways, or windows. Light Remember that a plant hardiness rating does not guar - It is important that you know the light conditions of the antee a plant’s ability to grow well in an area. For exam - different areas where you will be placing shrubs. Choose ple, plants suited to drier areas of the southwestern plants that grow well in those light conditions. United States in Zone 7 may withstand the winter tem - Full sun is at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight. For peratures in Mississippi, but they may not grow well sunny areas, choose plants that require full sunlight to because of diseases associated with our higher humidity. Figure 5. Zones of plant cold-hardiness for Mississippi. grow. A plant’s hardiness zone rating ONLY indicates its abili - Full shade areas receive no direct sunlight. In these ty to withstand a certain winter low temperature. areas, the shade could be the result of trees, buildings, or other structures. Filtered shade refers to the shade pro - vided by a thin canopy of trees that results in filtered or “spotted” areas of light on the forest floor. Choose plants that grow in shade for these areas. Part sun areas receive direct sunlight for at least half of the day. Fitting plants to this type of light situation can be challenging. Some shade plants will tolerate full sun 5 Soil Conditions Determine the fertility needs of the planting site before selecting plants or planting. Take a representative soil sample of the area being planted and submit it to the MSU Soil Testing Laboratory for analysis. Remember: it is much easier to choose a plant to fit your soil conditions than to change the soil conditions to fit the plant. The soil analysis will also include a pH level , or meas - ure of the alkalinity or acidity of the soil. Plants will grow best within certain pH ranges, so selection of plant material depends on pH (unless you can amend the planting site). Soil pH affects the availability of plant nutrients. Azaleas, camellias, and hollies are examples of acid-loving plants. Examples of shrubs that will grow in alkaline soils are barberry, deutzia, and elaeagnus. Table 1 includes a column that contains the pH range of specif - ic plants. Soils can be described as light (sandy) , medium , or heavy (clay) . Medium soils are best for proper growth of most landscape plants. Sandy or clay soils can be amend - ed with organic matter to improve the water-retaining qualities of sandy soils and the drainage of clay soils, making these soils more conducive to plant growth. Adequate soil drainage is important for the growth of most plants. However, some plants like drier conditions and some plants like wetter conditions (bog or aquatic plants). Comments on soil requirements or tolerances have been made for many of the plants in Table 1. Figure 6. Examples of plant form. Form Form is the shape of the plant. Make sure the plant will fit into the required space and that its form complements the surrounding plantings or area. See Figure 6 for exam - ples of plant forms. 6 Texture increase maintenance costs and cause problems in sur - Container vs. No Container Texture refers to the fineness or coarseness of plants. For rounding landscapes. Some invasive plants and potential Plants come in various “packages” (Figure 7). Shrubs are example, large-leaved shrubs, as a rule, are considered alternatives are offered in Table 2. typically sold in containers or pots of various sizes. These coarse-textured. Examples include aucuba, fatsia, and Avoid invasive species whenever possible. Keep in can range from small containers measured in inches to bigleaf hydrangea. Fine-textured plants include falsecy - mind that some invasive plants are regulated and illegal large containers measured in gallons. Large shrubs can press, arborvitae, and any of the junipers.
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