The Founders of Penang and Adelaide

Home , Francis Light

A S H O R T S K E T C H

OF THE

L IV E S O F

FRANCIS AND WILLIAM LIGHT

THE FOUNDERS OF PENANG AND ADELAIDE

WITH E! TRA CTS FR OM TH EIR 3'OURNALS

A . FRA NCIS STEUA RT

ADVOCATE“

J J J J J J

LO N D O N N LOW M A R T N C O N S A M P S O , S O M P A Y LIMITED

t Dunstan! aunt S . ﬂ

an LANE FLEET STREET , , 1 90 1 LONDON

PRINTED D! WILLIAM GLOV ES AND SONS, LIM ITED ,

STAN FORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS. P R E F A C E

THE two sketch lives of the founders of Penan g an d A a av n wr n m awan del ide h e bee itte to eet t .

There existed n o accessible outlin e of the life of Captain Francis Light ; and the accoun ts of

Colon el William Light in the Dictionary of ” National Biography an d the Australian bio

ra s are unaa ur a is w g phie void bly c t iled. It ith that reason these lives have been the subject of stu r as for w r ifﬁ my dy. The mate i l them e e d

u of ass and w n all is ar and c lt cce , ( he told) me g e

rf has v n u asur impe ect . Still, it gi e me m ch ple e

ut r in a r su to p them togethe , the hope th t the e lt

maus f its s n as an aun of two y j ti y exi te ce, cco t

r u rs Empi e B ilde .

I have n ow especially to acknowledge my

n n ss Mr A S nn r i debted e to . . M . ki e , PREFACE for his n otes and his Memoir of Captain

ran s Mr w n r F ci Light ; to . Ed i Hodde , the

s r an of S u Aus raaM r R hi to i o th t li ; . V. B . ed

ir n ckbum Mr s n S Co . . . to e , Joh , J L ’ Halloran C M ss u ann ss M r. O , . . G Mi J li Fi i ,

r n r R an f as aw ad M . S raan o J me C . H ke , ol d t ch

A a an d A raBlomﬁeld of Al del ide, to dmi l ex

f r r k n ss s an ha in an r ao a . d i , thei i d i t ce I ve ad n ff r an s r av s d itio to o e my th k to my el ti e ,

s u r an M rs u s S h . Mrs . H go Light, Mi M . t e l d,

Mr r as n an d s . r n for W. L . M o , Geo ge De i g, their great kin dness in putting documents at

dis saas w as n sman M r my po l, ell to my ki , .

ran s of rafor his aua n s F ci Light Pe k, v l ble ote .

A. FR NC S STE ART A I U .

REAT KIN TREET 79, G G S , NBU R H EDI G , a I 1 m . j , 190 C O N T E N T S

FOUND R OF P N NG THE E E A .

A T I CH P ER . — — PAC ! Origin of F rancis Light Early life His settle — men t in the Eas t at Salang Proposals for the establishment of aBritish settlement in Malaya Negotiations with the Rajaof — Keddah Settlement of Penang

A T II CH P ER . — Account of the court of Keddah The negotiations — ’ — Captain Light s Joumal Commencemen t — of the settlemen t of Penang Chris tening of — the island Rapid increase of the inhabitants — ’ Roman tic story of Captain Light s marriage

A T I CH P ER II . — Captain Light wishes to renounce trade War — with Keddah The British attack Prye — Malay force destroyed Treaty with Keddah - Progress of the settlemen t D eath of — — Colonel Light His last will Conclusion CON TENTS

FOUND OF D L THE ER A E AIDE.

T IV CHAP ER . r ace — Birth and early life of William Light H e enters — the navy and then the army Gallant deed s in — — the Penin sulaBattle of Vic Bigorre Army — career Travels and ﬁrs t book With the Spanish Constitutionalist forces in 1 823

R CHAPTE V. — — Miss Mary Bennet Marriage A beautiful wife Travels in Italy and the eas t of Europe i ws o f om ii—GenoaSardiniaan V e P pe , , d — Egypt Service in the Egyptian navy under — Mehemet Ali Captain Hindmarsh

CHAPTER VI. — Foundation of South AustraliaLight made ﬁrst — Surveyor-General Voyage to South Australia — Kangaroo Island Preliminary explora — tions The Aborigines

I CHAPTER V I.

’ Examination of Port Lincoln and Spencer s Gulf — Bo th found unsatis factory Resolution to ﬁx — o n Adelaide as the chief town Arrival of — Governor Hindmarsh Inauguration ceremony — ’ The Governor s disapproval of the site CONTENTS

A R CH PTE VIII . vac: — — surveys Report home Dinner to Colonel — — Light His survey diﬁ culties Explorations — En d of 1 837 Resignation of Colonel Light His refusal to resume Government survey work

A T I! CH P ER .

’ — - Governor Hindmarsh s departure Non payment — — of survey Captain Sturt Governor Gawler i h Finniss and Com an — ln of L g t, , p y Il ess — — Colonel Light Burn ing of his Journal Death — and funeral o f Colonel Light Monuments — and memorials Conclusion

Iu nnx

LIST O F ILLUSTRATIONS

THE FOUNDATION OF PRINCE or WALES LAN PTA RAN CIS I HT R A IS D . CA IN F L G E D ING HE R CLAM TI N A U T I I 1 86 T P O A O , UG S , 7

ARAH IGHT L T AUGHT R o r APTAIN S L , E DES D E C RANCIS I HT PE OF N RAL AM F L G , WI GE E J ES WELSH Toface 34

I T TH E N R OF COLONEL W LLIAM LIGH , FOU DE A H A TRALIA To ace 2 DELAIDE, SOUT US f 4

T H E FOUNDER OF PENANG

CHAPTER I. — — Origin of Francis Light Early life His settlemen t in — the East at Salang PrOposals for the establishmen t — o f aBritish se ttlement in MalayaNegotiations with af K d — l m o e an the Raj o e dah Sett e en t f P n g.

FRANCIS LIGHT is aname which is unfamiliar

s n s ears and is an n fr to mo t E gli h , it w ti g om

s of our raad nar es The mo t biog phic l ictio i . ” r n ra énéra n t s F e ch Biog phie G le, i deed, devo e ” as rt c u n o t s nav aur an as ho ol m t hi ig te gl i , yet the real record of his life ought not to be allowed to be forgotten altogether by his own compa triots as i i w n and his , it s ch eﬂy o i g to him to success r Sir Saf r afﬂ s a r s o , t m o d R e , th t B iti h supremacy is paramount in the Malay Penin sula- a to d y. THE FOU NDER OF PENANG

ran s waat 3 13 11 InaII was F ci Light s 36 5 . He

az ce er. 1 0 at an b pti ed De mb i s, 74 , D lli ghoo,

o r ar was ar s n m the , M y Light, e ide t . the sources of his early history are e xr s ur n u r ans S w t emely ob c e, e o gh em i to ho that he was adopted and educated by his rela

n a us of n wh a tio , Willi m Neg , Melto ( o died ged

t un 2 I as w a n r six y, J e , 77 ome h t ecce t ic 1 n n an n f f r f ge tlemaof cie t amily . The athe o

a us n ran s us 2 of Willi m Neg , Colo el F ci Neg , the

uar s was A n r an as r f Foot G d , ve e d M te o the Buckhoun ds to Kin g George I as well as Commissioner for the Ofﬁce Of Master of the

rs and r of ar an for sw Ho e, membe P li me t Ip ich, who had acquired the large estates of Dallinghoo and n his marr aw za Melto by i ge ith Eli beth ,

r n r s of a ur Es au ad s . d ghte hei e Willi m Ch chill, q ,

M n r n r . P a o f r . Woodb idge, , p te t p i te to the

n ki g.

un aft r his a n n us Yo g Light, e doptio i to the Neg fa was u aan w s n s of an mily, ed c ted lo g ith the o m y

' Suﬂolk squires at the old Grammar School of

Vidahe D v M Bri seum t ay SS tish Mu .

The inventor of the somewhat obsolete Negus . He died at allin e em 1 2 and w as the D ghoo, S pt ber 9, 73 , son rl arshal o f F rancis e us se cretar to the Ea N g , y M ,

enr D uke of orfolk wh died F bruar 1 1 1 . H y, N , o e y 4, 7 EARLY DAYS 5

H e r n r v mas Ra. u the Re . Woodb idge , de Tho y was r re in 1 his f l w- u s o f ente ed the 747, el o p pil

sa ar n un nn se the me ye bei g Edm d Je ey, Jo ph

n S n r l r and ran s Fieldi g , tephe B ightwel , Geo ge F ci

r s n s f r r of A n n B ooke, o o Geo ge B ooke theli gto , an as and as a r s ns of d J me Thom L mbe t, o the r r Of n r r S ecto Melto . F om Woodb idge chool

was transf rr r t ar in f he e ed, p et y e ly li e, to the nav and we ﬁnd a s i an on ar y , him mid h pm bo d

H M A rr o ant in 1 61 . . S. g , 7 .

not r an n in nav for He did em i lo g the y , he appears next in 1 765 apassenger on board

as n n d as Olive n Al the E t I i hip (Joh len , com

an r on his wa as and s m de ), y to the E t ; it doe n ot seem to have been his ﬁrs t voyage east

war s as is a fo r a d , he ble, voiding controver

s s af r as u a ie te my dece e, to beq e th by will to

a us n s ra r r r a Willi m Neg co ide ble p ope ty, p ob bly

u w r z n w is a bo ght ith p i e mo ey , hich det iled

r n as was sum and su s o f n the ei ge m mo ey,

an n n s s as an d s a l ds , te eme t , good , ch ttel , e t te whatsoever ; as well as legacies to Henry 1 Nadauld of un r s aSur n , T b idge Well , l te geo

i sis ar ar Nadauld o r S oker married H s ter, M g et ( t ), ’ r ha illiam e us of Dallin hoo at St. Geo e s C el W N g , g , g ap , afair Ma 1 . She died u us 2 1 6 ed M y , y 5 , 749 A g t 3, 77 , g 6 TH E FOUNDER OF PENANG

R . N . n at r o r of ar n , to Joh W l e , b okselle , Ch i g

r an r ss d . r ura C o , to the Rev Moses Po te , c te

- - - of an ou Surr . W lto the Hill, ey

n n ut in Eas ran is Whe o ce o the t, F c Light became the captain of an East Indian country ” sh and ra au r n fu man of ip, , pidly cq i i g ll com d

aaan ua r n aus s and the M l y l g ge, O ie t l c tom , the

f l n men ra t S aand knowledge o ru i g , t ded wi h i m

w r ss an a Malayaith g eat succe . He obt i ed 1 f n t fr f r r un r r title o obili y om the o me co t y, bo e ” an e n arar and was in xcelle t ch cte , held the

s s w aa as and highe t e teem ith the M l y, Si me e, ” u hi fs Hi u r r r Peg C e . s headq ate s appeato have

n s an of Saan or unkce lon a bee the i l d l g, J y , af f f o u r o f as o pl ce m ch comme ce the co t Siam. It had been an un successful colony of the French in 1 6 un r herbon u but was now an . ea 77, de M C , empo rium where the Bugis prahus of Celebes came in numbers to barter their varied cargoes f r the na r f s o tive tin . Thei chie commoditie ” aa r Bu es aas aa we e gg C mb y , J v cloth, J v

r an n and n a as a and go gs d lot h , tob cco po cel i , ” rn r was l e all aar n s h ef the gove o ik M l y p i ce , c i

- f . h nr sixty our T ey were of Huguenot origin . He y Nadauld died c ober 1 1 8 a seven -ﬁve and O t 7, 7 5 , ged ty , was buried at andswor h B u carcl . W t ( , p ” Cra d Embass to iam. wfur , y S LIFE AT SALANG 7

8 r han . A Saan r s e un 1 me c t t l g Light e id d til 7 5 ,

n an a s aas s ean livi g m i ly mong t the M l y , p ki g

ir an uaaan s f r was the l g ge, d pti g him el to thei y , and n earn e in S aese as and in 1 2 bei g l d i m l o, 77

al e ms f ar naR ze s w s he li d hi el with M ti o ll , ho e

ns ar history and pretensio will be given l te .

ar f r s ais in 1 1 a The ye be o e thi , th t 77 , C p tain Light entered the list of empire builders by having some communications with Warren Hastin gs regarding aproposal for aBritis h settlement in the neighbourhood of the Malay

n nsu a n e of wh had not scae Pe i l , the e d ich e p d the n f r - o n kee eye o the Gove n or General f I dia. Light ﬁrst suggested for the purpose the island of Penan g as aconven ient magazin e for the ” as rn ra and a u sr ar at E te t de, , ltho gh di eg ded the

h s r sa r fru and was as we time, t i p opo l bo e it, ,

S asee u a a . h ll , ltim tely ccepted In 1 779 Captain Light is men tioned several

s as afr n and s a an n time , ie d ymp thetic comp io ,

he an s an s n at by t D i h bot i t, M . Koe ig, both

Saan an d aacaw r was n a in l g M l c , he e he e g ged

ran ut in 1 80 r urn n a t di g, b 7 he et ed to Be g l to

see Mr. as in s and h s r s H t g , t i time p opo ed to him the alternative of aBritish settlemen t by

r a n r r s n s an of Saan on p iv te e te p i e o the i l d l g, 8 TH E FOU NDER OF PENANG the ground that it was aﬂourishing emporium

w n aan s an u ra. ith i h bit t , d m ch t de He 1 furnished Lord Cornwallis with afull account of slan as aas 1 8 but n e o tia the i d l te 7 7 , the g

n s for s n ew s n w c w r su tio thi ettleme t, hi h e e p

r r M r b an r ra . as po ted y othe t de , J me and w r arr n as n s r ell eceived by W e H ti g , we e

n rru f r r s and s s w r i te pted, be o e the t oop hip e e mar ad r n and u c wars de e y, by the F e ch D t h .

r is n o u r ah The e do bt, howeve , th t t ey might

av n arr r u an d s an s h e bee c ied th o gh, both i l d formed into ajoint settlement as was at ﬁrst

r s for ain 1 8 of Pia p opo ed, on the de th 7 5

Bri ish eum MS lan o r in to Caain us S. Sa acc d t M g, g pt ’ i h s accoun belon ed to the iamese de endenc of L g t t, g S p y Ligor (Captai n Lo w says it had been o riginally under Javanes e do mination) before the rise of the B urmese o w er but af er the con ues of Siam it was ac uired p ; t q t , q b l he main ained an abso y the Maays o f Keddah. T y t lute authority under the Laxamanauntil the islanders revol ed uddenl one ni h wi resul s similar to the t s y g t, th t ” i i an er f r rds resumed b Siam c li s . It as ae wa S Vesp w t y , and in 1 787 the Go verno r (Choo PiaSalang) is described as one o f the greatest villains who has raised himself b in rai ude decei murder and raine from alow y g t t , t, , p ” and indi en s ae Cain i h sas hall it g t t t . ptaL g t y t t a n eeded w as aood overn men g g t . James Scott described himself hones tly as apots man struggling to pay off so me incumbrances incurred in the war formerl aradin mas er and o herwise li le , y t g t , t tt ” known.

THE FOU NDER OF PENANG

r fs a ves ar othe chie , th t he be ted with the ch ge an d superintendence of the Island of Penang on ar of an un r asure the p t the Comp y, till thei ple

n wn or un fur r r rs and a be k o till the o de , th t he be furn ished with aproper Commission as Com ” r f th s n ar o n mande o e I land ad H bour f Pinag.

r sa n z Saan as ir n The p opo l to colo i e l g l o, S Joh

a rs n unf r una n a on the M cphe o o t tely eg tived, ground that alarger force would be required to and a r of nan was keep it, th t the po t Pe g the

fauraof tw more vo ble the o . The kingdoms of Siam and Burmahad certain shadowy claims over the kingdom of

aand r n rt rn aaS as Kedd h the othe o he M l y t te , but of the s au s r n r na mo t v g e de c iptio . O igi lly the Sultan of Malaccahad been the overlord of th aas and was n n his in su e M l y , it o ly o be g p planted by the Portuguese that the pretens ions

ein of the no rthern rulers had crept into b g. It must here be emphasized that Captain Light 1 negotiated with the Rajaof Keddah as an in n u depe dent prince. He has been m ch

a for b t us e ne bl med this policy, u it m t b ow d

The ﬁrst Rajaof Keddah was Marrong Maha ” wan sa robablemen daKalin awho was leader o f g , p t g , aindu colon au 1 8 n ake in 1 0 1 H y bo t 2 4. His ames 5 SIAMESE CLAIMS

in aer ti s af r 1 8 1 w n aa only l t me , te 9 , he the M l y State of Keddah had become really subdued

h i e of ul Mazulful I und e l tan . raced Islam er t S emb , t t Camoens men tions the kingdom

lhaavai citade onde oome a O T , g ” De SiaO largo o imperio tat) oomprido Tenassari uedaue le so cabeca , Q q i B asque pimen taalitem produz do . ” usiad ! . cxxiii. L , )

The Portuguese of Malaccawere frequen tly at hostilities wi h i In 1 61 1 the own was cked d lund r t t. t atta an p e ed b en dez Furtado and in 1 6 1 it was not onl lun y M , 4 y p dered but burned b i o de endo a f w ears , y D eg M ug . A e y laer however Iscander udathe rea alaSul an t , , M , g t M y t - of chin overran the coun r . The Gold and Silver A , t y Flower was not sent to Siam by the Rajaof Keddah un il abo u 1 af er the decline of the chinese ow er t t 737, t A p . of Siam h aT th ain 2 t e in ak con uer d e nd 1 77 h K g , P y , q e nei do r In 1 802 the a ghbouring king m of Ligo . R ja ul T - - l hah of dah ceded a S an adi n Maum ed t jU A , S K , tract of his territory (Province Wellesley) to the British Gov men in addi i to enan which as we have ern t t on P g, , seen s bro he had surr ndered and in 1 8 1 - 1 his , hi t r e ; 3 4 ne he th ul an hmad Ta- Udin lum be an to feel p w, e S t A j A , g the rowin r s re of iam which culminad in the g g p e su S , te con es of th oun r in 1 81 when the aaﬂed to qu t e c t y 9, R j ’ rin of al Island In 1 8- the kin s son P ce W es . 83 39 g , Tuanku bdullamade an un ess ful aem to re ain A , succ tt pt g ’ the soverei n but failed aide Sherard sborn e s g ty, ( O uedah His faher was res ored in 1 8 2 and died Q t t 4 , in bou 1 i i f he eddah bonds 1 845 . A t 875 the pos t on o t K men was im roved and in 1 iss Bird wri es The p , 883 M t , ” S ae of edah is be in ak to i advan a t t K ginn g to aw e ts t ges . The ruler in 8 hid was 1 80 RajaPetraZein el Ras . THE FOU NDER OF PENANG

a for in 1 8 u of aac a by Si m, 7 5 the D tch M l c were much more formidable opponen ts than the

as His own s r n of the a Si me e . de c iptio politic l situation puts the Siamese claim to suzerainty ” as s r as can s n ot aar ho tly be . It doe ppe , he

sas r wr n s or ra ns ha y , eithe by iti g t ditio , t t Quedawas ever govern ed by Siames e laws or

ms of u aare Ma custo . The people Q ed

homedan s r rs Ara and r lan , thei lette bic thei guage Jawee their kin gs originally came from M enangkabo in Sumatra; but as Quedawas

r n ar Li ore in n of S a ve y e g the ki gdom i m, they sent every third year agold or silver tree as a

n of a Li ore h s w n toke hom ge to g . T i as do e to

r s rv a rr s n n f r at s p e e e good co e po de ce, o thi period the Siamese were very rich and nume

r us but n ot warr rs and an s ra ra o , io , co ide ble t de

was carr on w n t an d u ied bet ee Ligo e Q eda.

Af r s ru n of S a n of Ava te the de t ctio i m, the Ki g

an n of afr u a dem ded the toke hom ge om Q ed ,

an an the si r r d an n obt i ed gold d lve t ee . Whe PiaTach drove away the Burmans and built a

n ew on S a n of u as n city i m, the Ki g Q ed e t the

r s S am and aw h an t ee to i , kept pe ce ith bot , p yi g

ma s m s ne s s ho ge ometi e to o , ometime to the ” r and f n h othe , o te to bot . PT CHA ER II . — Account of the court of Keddah The negotiatio ns ’ — Captain Light s Journal C ommencemen t o f the — settlement of Penang Chris tening of the is lan d — Rapid increase of the inhabitants Romantic story ’ of aai n i h s marriae C pt L g t g .

IN his Report 1 to the Bengal Govern ment Captain Light gives an admirable description of

n and ur of a H is s is the Ki g co t Kedd h. tyle

C ar and his en r ras of r afa le , p po t it the oy l mily

s n di ti ct .

A a was un and his Raa a. The j bd ll I yo g, ass n in 1 8 as was son of as a cce io 77 , he the l ve, had only come about through the favour of his far a waZ n - el- e —din Muazim the , M homed Ji ei d 2 3 S a r had n r u in 1 0 h h I I . The e bee t o ble 77

MSS In diaﬂi . , O ce . There had been apparen tly aBritish agent in Keddah ’ i n his aas im r e M nk . t R j t , . Mo ton ” Some ccoun o f uedah b ichael o in A t Q , y M T pp g,

Es . chieﬂ from the inf rmai n f Francis i h q , y o t o o L g t,

Es . h an c ief of Prince of ales Island or Po. Pin q , W , g, I4 THE FOU NDER OF PENANG

fr r aC aan s su ssi n wh om iv l l im t to the cce o , o

urn Allestar r al r s n w b ed , the oy e ide ce, ith assistance from certain Bugis chiefs of Selangor

and raand who had n f r af rwar Pe k, bee o ced te ds

n Se an r w r by the old Ki g to ﬂee to l go , he e, with

c n of Tuank e easo ar the ex eptio e J , ne ly re lated to the king as to be an object of jealousy aman of some hon our and integrity and ” r rafu had r as in ve y g te l, they p edece ed him

enur ai n p y . Capt Light describes the Rajaas

aw aman f n f o n r lax in e k , too o d mo ey, ve y the execution of the laws ; n ot so much as a

r n of n as His n p i ciple cleme cy timidity . i come cons ists in monopolizing likewise agood deal

r n ﬁn r rs n who has in p ese ts an d es . Eve y pe o any demand to make or suit to prefer ﬁrst presents asum of money which he thinks

n If n ar s adequate to the demad . the Ki g pp ove

ar un ss an r of the sum he signs the p pe , le othe

r su r s person comes with ag eater m. He eceive asmau u on r u and u n ll d ty p eve y plo gh, po the

n S as Raats are sale of cattle ad l ve . The y

ahis an s and f n his obliged to cultiv te l d , to de e d ” r country at their own chage .

’ ” d in l s rien al e ertor . Lon printe A . Dalrymp e O t R p y don. 1808 . MISSION TO KEDDAH 1 5

’ n s rc an a unn n The Ki g me h t, deep c i g ” us huliah Tuanko h na us an an vill i o C ; C i , the h b d

’ n s s st r an fox Bindahara of the Ki g i e , old the First Ofﬁcer who was of weak understan d ” in an r n ﬁn in his ans and the g d ve y i de ite ctio , ’ LaxamanaAdmiral the King s brother- in law r ow rfu an Bindharaw r all , mo e p e l th the , e e somewhat opposed to the settlemen t of the

n s as t had n an r E gli h, hey bee g i ed ove by the

an ass fr aaain A r Dutch by emb y om M l cc p il,

’ a n s rs nan u n as 1 6 ut a 78 ; b C pt i Light pe o l i ﬂ e ce,

in en raun s asee was d a . we h ll , the p mo t Captai n Light describes in his Journal the n ans an his s n at nan egoti tio le di g to ettleme t Pe g,

u in ful which mus t be q oted l . “ a 2 t — r in ue a me h 1 86 . An f 9 , 7 cho ed Q d h roads found the Prince H enry and Speedwell

r u s r u A s of and asmal l Po tug e e g o p. hip

halla h us sa for S a S n an C bys ad j t iled i m. e t

fﬁ r as r u n of o ce ho e to acq ai t him my arrival .

- 0tlz. In rn w n as r f un 3 the mo ing e t ho e, o d

’ the King s merchant and Shabundar waiting to rec m an was sau uns in eive e, d l ted by the g the f rt and t r l s fr ar n s s n o , by h ee vo ley om the m i e ; e t

“ ” otices of inan ournal o Me Indian N P g, j f 1 6 THE FOU NDER OF PENANG advice to the King of my arrival and of my ” an r u a r and r s n s h vi g b o ght lette p e e t . We now meet Oriental plot and coun ter

f r S as w r nan plot, o the i me e e e me ci g the king

f aon n r And dom o Kedd h the o th . the Journal con tinues

Bindh aLaxamanaan ar r The , , d othe ofﬁcers with Rayats were encamped at the pas ses

n aan and u a betwee S l g Q ed h. The Gen eral of

S as oorasse r r the i me e (J ), b othe to the King of

S as n for n of u a San ra i m, e t the Ki g Q ed h to go .

Afra rus ms f w the S as id to t t hi el ith i me e, he sent

i r- in- law w r n h s brothe ith p ese ts , which were r urn w h an r r s f et ed it o de to come him el . He n ext sen t his son with larger presents ; these

r r and un man a t we e eceived, the yo g dmit ed to

n n raas if an audie ce . The Ge e l ked him he was

m w fu w rs fr his far co e ith ll po e om the , if he w u awar u n the Burmers and i o ld m ke po , f he would:provide prows to attack M ergue an d

a all of w ans r T voy, to hich he we ed in the

fﬁr a was n sen am tive . He the t back with titles and r s n s and an r r his far p e e t , o de to the to

r i and s n 1 0 c z 0 aans of r Salan p ov de e d ice to g, and to send to the gen eral four bras s cann ons — 1 z- un rs auan of all po de with q tity cloth, of

THE FOU NDER OF PENANG

’ was rec e and n s r r s n a e t d, the Ki g ep e e t tive, 3

S e an re e the r he n y d, h vi g ceiv d lette , t gu s were

aan ﬁr and an ao afo r r a g i ed, pol gy m de the g e t ” men n as h r s e n . T e n ns s b i g b e t p e e t co i ted of,

an t er n s blunderbushes rass mo g o h thi g , , b

’ barrell d and s r r as and n s , gold ilve b oc de Ki cob ’ but when the King s merchan t Datoo Sri

aaf r r na ammaull and a n R j , o me ly med J , commo

u nsufﬁc n the n r t s Coolie tho ght it i ie t, e voy w i e ,

a aun r us s in r s ua I dded h d ed m ket , which thei it ” n was of r ns u n an all r s tio mo e co eq e ce th the e t.

n at ﬁrs was r u at the The Ki g t t o bled letter, and received Captain Light with his escort of “ the s r an of ar r w marin s e ge t tille y, t elve e , drum ” and ﬁfe u an s a. was arran , witho t y t te It ged that separate translations should be made out to see if the Bengal Governmen t held out any

r as in terr orem r aand af r a th e t ove Kedd h, te th t

n n aaaan On th of the e voy we t w y g i . the 7

u i wr s m an —no ssa J ly, L ght ite , I p tie t me ge from the King but on the next day he had an n r n w f un i te view with the Ki g, ho o d the

rans an was aisfar an w the t l tio s t cto y, d ith Laxaman acommenced treating about the price for h nan S ou b an ed ver over w ich Pe g h ld e h d o ,

hic s E n ual w h ome demur took place . ve t ly THE PRICE OF TH E ISLAND 1 9

aan i wr es r urn and C pt i L ght it , I et ed, the

n ersati n was r new co v o e ed. The King said he did not mean that he would be satisﬁed with no — less asum than Spanish dollars he might perhaps accept of 2 0 or even but that

us be in his own O n. as i m t ptio He ked me, f

the r ws a w h an tin w r p o c me it y , hethe I would

ur hase n n s p c it. I to ld him I ot o ly hould perhaps

urc ase s f but a r ers n was at p h it my el , th t eve y p o liberty to buy and sell as he pleas ed ; that it was the custom of all English Governments to

n rc and not res ran e courage comme e to t i it.

w r sasf Ki n of our Ho eve , to ti y the g good

n n ns w u aw af the r s i te tio , I o ld llo him h l p oﬁt u on ur haand saof tin u and p the p c se le , opi m, raans w i w r his r r at but s was tt , h ch e e p e og ive, thi not to extend to any prows and vessels that

i sen or arr fr f r n r m ght be t to ive om o eig po ts .

s was ar and aar was awn u Thi g eed to, p pe dr p for ha r w ic is r an in t t pu pose, h h to em i force unt the e er arr s n , il l tt ive . I the took my leave and s u r nan told him I ho ld p oceed to Pi g.

1 th r ath an d 1 th ar n 1 , , s emb ki g the people

1 th at m Sa in an 4 5 p . iled comp y with the

P rince Henr and t e S eedwell sn w y h p o . THE FOUNDER O F PENANG

“ 1 7th disembarked Lieutenant Gray

” the in ear in roun m cl g the g d. l The new Britis h co lon y was practicaly 3. ” eser s an had aconsider D t I l d. It had once a emselves u an who had su rte ble pop l tio , ppo d th

suc ssfu rac but an e it n from by ce l pi y, exp d io Keddah had banis hed them about the year

1 0 and in 1 6 i f ar 75 , 78 , with the except on o ve y few ar — e n s one of w h n an in auria cl i g hic , co t i g b l

r un was at — n was a ra he s a g o d, D toh K met t i l d o ne as un of n ar 1 0 s uar m es v t j gle e ly 7 q e il , with a u an - pop l tio of only ﬁfty eight souls . — Captain Light had with him three vessels the

' EIzza r eedw ell sn w P ime H enr and S , the y , the p o ; a - ir un r n anew a ar n s h d ed Be g l m de m i e , th ty nae as a rs and f e n ur an ar r tiv L c , fi t e E ope tille y men w five ffi rs r u r , ith o ce , to give him thei s ppo t ; and on 1 th of u 1 86 an r v s n the 7 J ly, 7 , h vi g p o i io ed his force previously during the negotiation s at ” ahe aw his s e as n an Kedd h, , h ve ee , l ded with f r e t na o c aPe ng .

n It was no simple matter for him to comme ce .

The ﬁrs sau ar ru es ss e ere ano t l t y l i u d w , th t

h s la Now t e E p nade. THE ISLAND CHRISTENED

aaar ar s was aw as r M l y med with k i llo ed ho e, and a A n ras w so an th t the chi ese pi te , by hom m y ” European forts had been cut 06 in former

s w r fr an n m n time , e e kept om l di g. The i pe e — trable forests had to be cleared no easy task and Captain Light enters in his diar y on July

2 th In u n r s ur as ah s 9 , c tti g the t ee o xe , h tc e ,

' and handbolts suﬂer much ; the wood is so ex ceeding hard that the too ls double like apiece

f a A ur us s r is aaan o le d. c io to y told th t C pt i

Light en couraged the wood- cutters to clear the

un an aun w abaof s r j gle, by lo di g g ith g ilve

f r A dollars and ﬁring it in to the virgin o est. ” wn af rwar s a e r wn was to , te d c lled G o ge To ,

e u and r as a war s spe dily b ilt, o d m de to d the

n r of s an r o th of Au us ce t e the i l d . By the g t

r an aan s had n maand two of ce t i dv ce bee de,

’ ' the as n ao an s s s Vans zttar t E t I di C mp y hip , the

‘ an the Valentine aar n oﬂ as d , ppe i g the co t, Captain Light thought it asuitable occasion to invite their captain s an d crews to assist to

was n on C n s hristen the new colo y. Thi do e ” r 1 h f Au s At n n wr s the t o gu t . oo , he ite ,

' w all ass un r ﬂastaﬂ r e embled de the g , eve y

and n an ass s n s r s ﬂa ge tlem i ti g to hoi t the B iti h g, took possession of the island in the name of THE FOUNDER OF PENANG

nd for the use of the His Maj esty George III. a Hon ourable East IndiaCompany ; the artillery and s s ﬁr n ar al sau and the ar n s hip i g oy l te, m i e t r s na ur new au s n af r h ee volley . I med o cq i itio te

r n of as e n of his the P i ce W le , it b i g the eve ” ir 1 ah of Au us Act of b thday (the t g t). The Possession was as follows

These are to certify that agreeable to my orders and instruction s from the Hon ourable

rn r- n raand un i of en a Gove o Ge e l Co c l B g l, I ha s daan ss ss n of s s and ve thi y t ke po e io thi i l , call nan n ow na r n f ed Poolo Pe g, med P i ce o

as slan and s r s urs W le I d, hoi ted the B iti h Colo , in naof His as r h r the me M je ty Geo ge the T i d, and for the use of the Honourable English East

n a an — en daof Au us I di Comp y the elev th y g t, one usan s n un r an d - six tho d eve h d ed eighty ,

’ f r nc of as s r baeing the eve o the P i e W le bi th d y. L P I FRANCIS IGHT S. . . (Signed) , “ AMES GRAY . man an J , Lt Com d t

ar n r s M i e Co p . In presence of the underwritten

GEO OWELL aan Art ler . . H , C pt i il y

LISHA TRAPAUD Catain En ineers . E , p _ g INCREASE OF THE INHABI'I‘ANTS 23

D L W N N an r of I H . E I U R C , J ., Comm de ’ the Honourable Company s Ship Van ffa si rt. “ T N JOHN BEA SO .

EOR E M ITH r an G G S , Me ch t.

THOS WALL an r of on ur . , Comm de the H o

’ Vant ne able Company s Ship le i .

h n AVD . PRYA aan 8 t R . D , C pt i 4 egime t

s M AGENN IS Sur n of the n ur J . , geo Ho o

’ ' a an s S Vak nlzn e ble Comp y hip .

Princ AS. GLASS an r of e J , Comm de the

H en S r s ry to e hip.

WM LINDSAY o an r of Sn w . , C mm de the o

Speedwell.

A OLCOM BE irs u nan of J S. H , F t Lie te t the

’ ” r o m n s n w Eliza Honou able C pay S o .

a hn r n an wr Mr us s C pt i Light ites to . Jo Fe g o

hree n s ar ur n aan s n r as t mo th l te , O i h bit t i c e e 1 r fas — hooliars C n s and rist ans ve y t C , hi e e, Ch i

e are area s ut n au r un th y l dy di p i g bo t the g o d,

r n eve y one building as fast as they ca. The Fren ch Padre from Queddahas erected his

The Chinese were mostly from the provinces o f u n tu nd o -Kien Crafurd Q ag ng aF ( w ). In 1 786 Captain Light mentions that aFrench 24 THE FOU NDER OF PENANG

r re and in c oss he , two months more it will never be believed that this place was never ” f r n a But was n r be o e i h bited . it o light matte

rn the new-c rs and n an to gove ome , beyo d informal court- martial the whole exercise of the judicial power fell upon Captain Light as ” Su r n n n ass s n ca pe i te de t, i ted o ly by the p tains or leaders of the different nationalities

w w s is of the island. That it as isely u ed shown by the fact that in 1 789 there were already “ au n aan s and in 1 au bo t i h bit t , 795 bo t

nc u n 000 n s m i l di g 3 Chi e e, whose co patriots would have ﬂocked to the n ew shelter in even greater numbers had n ot the jealousy of the Dutch restrained them from leaving

aaa ans w su r n n n M l cc , by me hich, the pe i te de t

in ruar 1 8 in a r his writes, Feb y, 7 7, lette to

ss f aras w fr n Mr An r w o u ie d . d e Ro M d , o ld ” ur an ut a u an a n dishono y b D tchm . C ptai

r a in s of all n r Light d e ded, the mid t the i te national jealousies to which the new settlement

was s s an aafr ras or expo ed, le t tt ck om pi te , by

' Padré n onio Garnault bisho and vicar- en eral , A t ( p g ), fr hin n to en n H e add hahe came om Coc Chi a P ag. s t t as ex remel bi o ed and kee s his ﬂock in such w t y g t , p ” d n t ra f his si h subjection they are o st y out o g t .

26 THE FOU NDER OF PENANG

n rawfurd in 1 8 20 en es s r Joh C , , d i the to y

r an as s r s a w f of n r utte ly, d e t th t the i e the e te prising adventurer was n either aprin cess n or ” aaa ut was ns a rtu u s f am b a o S . M l y, , i te d, Po g e e i

We ust r ut s r n aaan s m , howeve , p thi di ect de i l g i t

n s of two n rar s the opposing stateme t co tempo ie .

ne f a ars n arn O o them, Willi m M de , the le ed

r an f u aras as ashe was a histo i o S m t , t te th t

au r of in of u a r d ghte the K g Q ed h . The othe ,

aan ishaTraaud se f one of C pt i El p , him l the

nan n r s rs w s s f Pe g pio ee ettle , ho e ketch o the ceremony of christenin g Prince of Wales Island has been in part reproduced to illustrate this “ r r s in He aan memoi , w ite (C pt i Light) had assisted the above Prince (of Keddah) in

uel n r s in s n q li g some t ouble hi dominio s, who in return bestowed upon him aprincess of the

in arr a r w s sl an as blood m i ge, togethe ith thi i d h r er. aain who i r e dow C pt Light, s ext emely

an s aas s to well beloved mo g t the M l y , cho e

’ RajaBrooke s acquisition of Sarawak in later times is n n oin aother case i p t. A Shor ccoun o f the rince of ales Island o r t A t P W , Pulo Pinan in the Eas Indies iven to Caain Li h g, t , g pt g t ” th Kin f uedah b Elish Traud E b e o a a . y g Q , y p , sq , Captain in the Engineer Co rps o n the Madras Establish

London 1 88 . ment. , 7 MARTINA ROZELLS 27 marry the princess according to the fashions

f her wn un r And r o o co t y . he p oceeds to give an n r s n and ur us s r n f lo g, i te e ti g, c io de c iptio o the Malay wedding ceremonies. The lady in question is shown by Captai n ’ i s at an ra a h m L ght will, y te, to h ve o e the

r u s n f ar naR z l h e r Po tug e e ame o M ti o e ls . S bo e him two s ns and t r au rs and at hi o h ee d ghte , s dea f her uc reaand rs naes a1 th he le t m h l pe o l t te, and the Penang admin istrations Show that she surv him t as un 1 8 2 2 ived ale t til .

Her son -in -law General ames elsh visi ed ri , J W , t P nce of Wal es Island in 1 8 1 8 . He men tions being received i the ard n of Non ah Yeen adau hter of the in n g e y , g K g ” of uedah and b Colonel Bann rman at uffo lk Q , y e S ,

once th riva ro er of M r. i h and his e p te p p ty L g t, ” favourite r d n ili ar eminiscen ces vol ii esi e ce M t y R , . . 1 I is a io us an li le know n fac h . 1 6 t cur d a pp , tt t t t the Princes of Keddah stayed at Penang as Captain ’ i h s s s L g t gue t . THE FOUNDER OF PENANG

CHAPTER III . — Captain Light wishes to renounce trade War w ith — h Keddah The British attack Prye Malay force — — des troyed Treaty with Keddah Progress of the — — settlement Death o f Colonel Light His las t will — n l Co c usion.

CAPTAIN LIGHT gave ahigh instance of his

is n r s arar in 1 0 S w n d i te e ted ch cte 79 , by ho i g the authorities at Calcuttathat his duties as Super intendent of the settlement and his position as

a r an er O s a r w me ch t w e ppo ed to e ch othe , hile

his saar f Rs 1 000 er n was s a l y o . p mo th too m ll to allow him to abandon his trading partn ership

w his fr en as S an r o f ar ith i d J me cott, othe the e ly M se rs. r. S nn r wr s in his n ra ttle ki e ite mo og ph,

o s r n f s awe ﬁnd h S t o gly did he eel thi , th t im proposing to the authorities in Calcuttathat he

s u r u fr n an in ra ho ld be p ecl ded om e g gi g t de, receiving such increase of salary as will support

the fﬁ n and na a o ce with dece cy, e ble me to m ke

’ smar v s n f r ar n ae Few a ll p o i io o pp oachi g old g . ADMINISTRATION 29 of his acts reveal an hon ourable and upright

arar t s His ch cte more Clearly than hi . com bined position of Superintenden t and principal

rc an in nan a aun an me h t Pe g, g ve him b d t opportun ity o f enriching himself ; and in these lax as w h a s an s art and d y , it ex mple like V itt

a rs n f him su scru s us M cphe o be ore , ch ple m t ” a h d av s as u . s a h e eemed lmo t q ixotic He l o , in 1 88 s aai n of infan 7 , oppo ed the t x t o the t

n ur n in a s a r Com colo y, gi g de p tch to Lo d wallis (June 20) that some reasonable time should be allowed the ﬁrst settlers to enable ” m ar the ns s of u n etc. the to be expe e b ildi g, He desired that the island should remain free

of aan for at as hr ars but su m t x tio le t t ee ye , b itted

as m of aan n ain w w che e t x tio to Be g l, hich t elve modes of rai sing revenue were enumerated by

aan on r ai rs as r far r un r n s t x tio et le , pi it m, g o d e t

on us s an r u on an s ho e , d impo t d ties lie good .

But was al w s an v r un il 1 80 1 it lo ed to t d o e t , when Penang had the misfortun e to become a ” ’ us his n s c toms port. He defended colo y

r u an ur n as au ain 1 8 ep t tio d i g vi it to C lc tt 7 9 , and informed the Government that the imports already amounted to upwards of per

annum an d in 1 0 u f a ; 79 he, by the medi m o 30 THE FOU NDER or PENANG

n s Kan u r Chi e e, Che y, i trod ced the peppe culture

fr A n n the s an om chi i to i l d .

In 1 1 w aaan had r ae 79 , h t C pt i Light d e d d since the commencement of the settlemen t

aua c urr nas mu as aus of ct lly o c ed, i ch the je lo y

Raaof a ae aua s t the j Kedd h bec m ct l ho tili y. The Rajahad found his revenues seriously

n s r w n r s er of nan dimi i hed by the g o i g p o p ity Pe g ,

w r all ran raus n w r s r hithe the t di g p h o e o ted to, in place of Keddah as formerly ; and he incon tinently demanded an additional income of

000 n f r his ss aan sa o . $4 , to compe te him lo C pt i

had w r ran h s an an d Light no po e to g t t i dem d, was alarmed by ﬁnding that the Rajawas making

ns n r r ns s z s and i tantaeous p epaatio to ei e the i l . The Malay princeassembled alarge force of about

usan men and a of w n an n eight tho d , ﬂeet t e ty L oo

ra oas and u af r at wn of (pi te) b t , b ilt o t the to

r O s nan us two s fr r P ye, ppo ite Pe g, j t mile om Geo ge

wn aa s nac sufﬁc and To , the c pit l . Thi me e ed,

aain wh had an r nf r n s C pt Light, o obt i ed ei o ceme t fr n aat n ata the f r om Be g l, o ce t cked o t with f ur un r - ar men an r o h d ed well med , h vi g ve y

ru n n t af r the aa p de tly determined o to w it o tt ck, but to drive them away from the post they ” u sfu aur of the f r occ pied. The succes l c pt e o t WAR WITH KEDDAH 31

’ took place after afew hours ﬁghting on the 1 2th of April ; and he made another attack on the

rahus ass in the r r r the 1 6 p embled P ye ive , on th, des troying the majority of them and rendering

’ the Raas w r r r ns u r ar e j alike p epaatio tte ly bo tiv .

Raan w u f r aand s r The j o s ed o pe ce, de i ed to

n er nto atr aw i was af rwar s con e t i e ty, h ch te d

u r rn n ﬁrmed by the S p eme Gove me t . The

reanc u e u ua ra n of slas t ty i l d d the m t l ext ditio ve ,

rs and ur r rs the us n of all debto , m de e , excl io other European nations from trading and settling in a r for r an f Kedd h, p ovided the impo t tio o

' f stuﬂs nan and as but not as ood to Pe g, l t, le t, provided that the Rajaof Keddah should even tually receive agrant annually of Captain Light was duly pleased with the fortu nassu f hi war an m ra te i e o s , d he co memo ted his victory over so large aforce by naming his sec n n ran s Lanoo 2 o d so F ci n Light, who " Shor ccoun etc. of Prince of ales Island t A t, , W , b Sir Geor e ei h Bar . ondon 1 80 y g L t , t L , 5 . 2 Francis an oon i h died at enan c ber L L g t P g, O to 5 , 1 82 he married aavan lad Charlo e Arboni 3 J ese y, tt , and had h a ar m wi dau h er SaraM tinah arried at ( t g t , , enan une 2 18 to Geor e ahew Koenit f P g, J 9, 35 , g M tt r, o e lon with issue wo sons : 1 illiam i h and ) t ( ) , C y , — W L g t (2) Robert Rollo Light agodson of Sir Robert Rollo Gill i on f he u ro e la es e e o t con e rs of ava. Th er was p , q J tt 32 TH E FOU NDER OF PENANG afterwards became resident of Minto (Muntok) in Bankawhen the British held that island with

aaan u ar J v d S m t a.

On a f 1 2 aain i the 4th o August, 79 , C pt L ght announces in his despatch the discovery of tin o n u ain nan and as of a B kit Tim h Pe g, l o wild n u u u a utmeg, which he tho ght co ld be c ltiv ted for the s ra And two ars ar on pice t de . ye l te , the

2 th of anuar 1 a ain the 5 J y, 794, he ple ded th t even t of his death acivil assistant train ed to

w r his su ss r and aa the o k might be cce o , th t regular form of admin istering j ustice is necessary both for the peace and welfare of the society an d for the honour of the nation who have granted them protection it is likewise improper the Superintendent Should have it in his power to exercise an arbitrary judgment upon persons and things whether this j udgment is in iquitous

or n ot the is s ar rar an d sar , mode till bit y di g ee ” s In r s ns h s a able to ociety . e po e to t i ppeal

th rn r- n raL r nm u ran s e Gove o Ge e l, o d Teig o th, t mitted certai n regulations for the preservation

of a in the m n t n re u ar pe ce settle e t, bu o g l courts of justice were established until long

f r of rak ahe Francis i h of er nin e t L g t, now Ay Ku g, P , and of several dau h rs g te .

34 THE FOU NDER OF PENANG

“ be delivered to his executors to be by them re o r and n n ar na c ve ed, the mo ey give to M ti , but I request the debtors may not be distressed ” r a n if r C r u s an s low fo p yme t thei i c m t ce be . He gave his Battaslaves the choice of freedom On payment of ﬁfty dollars ; gave liberty to se rabut n ot sau—she r ans Mar ve l, E em i with tina; and remembered his English friends and ‘ cu rs a ar f au aa exe to , Willi m F i lie o C lc tt , J mes

S and as u a ur cott, Thom Pego , with gold g glet “ ” and as n as er ur and as n and b o , ilv g glet b o ,

watc res e a p ctively.

His s son a af rwar s elde t , Willi m Light, te d

n L ﬁrs r r- n rao f Colo el ight, the t Su veyo Ge e l South Australiaand founder of the city of — — Adelaide of whom amemoir follows he had

areasen n an and had a l dy t home to E gl d, pl ced

un r ar f his fri n r u t de the c e o old e d, Geo ge Do gh y,

' s Sheriﬂ of Suffo l and u a E q . , High k, he beq e thed

all n s r n lan and in to him mo ie emitted to E g d, “ his a and u a the event of de th, I give beq e th the money if it does not exceed two thousan d pound sterling unto the said George Doughty ” and his rs re an er of his a hei . The m i d est te

illiam F h ce of Indian airlie t rin m r han s W , e p e c t , ho ac ed as hil ren aal t w t guardian to his c d t C cut a. ARAH LI H T ELD E H E O F C P IN S G , ST D A UG T R A TA F RA NCI LI H T IVIF E O F ENERAL AME S G , G J S WEL H S .

’ F r om am n atur e am teain Ind ain A u us t ( i i p i g ,

Toface page 34 .

’ HIS CHILDREN S PROVISIONS 35 was to be e ual an his h r n divided q ly mo g c ild e , 1 ” Sara i l a ar an on and u h, W l i m, M y, L o , L key

3 sa ﬁn i . is d d two ars at r a L ght It to , ye l e , th t his estates are mentioned as running fast into jungle to the certain loss of his Heirs and

an and ahis son- in- law n ra the Comp y ; th t , Ge e l

s r s in 1 8 1 8 ahis l r n a Wel h, w ite th t chi d e h ve lived to see every in ch of groun d and even his ” l fr houses aienated om them . Francis Light died without knowing how great asuccess the colony he founded was to

n 1 80 2 the n become. I total populatio was in 1 805 it was estimated at

arah i ht was born ctober 1 She marri S L g O , 779. ed at Calcu a ecember 28 1 General ames el tt , D , 794, J W sh f Madras m adistin uished oﬂic r wh o the y, g e , o died anuar 2 1 86 1 havin ublished his ili ar J y 4, , g p M t y

2 vols in 1 8 0. Sh di Reminiscences ( . ) 3 e ed at Waltair 1 8 bein described as s ill lovel o July 24, 39. g t y t the en They had one son (who died unmarried) and six d u h ers ag t . 3 Mary Light (died at Boulogne in 1 844) married at aarch 180 Geor Bo d f alcu e Es . o Katulee C tt , M 9, 5 , g y , q , , and uhuaBen al at one ime aver al h ind P , g , t y we t y igo lan er who died Ma1 1 8 leavin i e i h p t , y 5 , 5 5 , g ssu (w t two sons who died unmarried seven dau h ers ) g t . i h married nne uke L c ober 1 80 harle A (L y) g t , O t , 9, C s

un er Es . M . D . who died amember of H t , q , , , al a dical Board Ma6 the cu e 1 8 1 . H e w as a C tt M , y , 3

son of David un er of Burnside N B . H t , , . 36 THE FOUNDER or PENANG

By the census of 1 8 2 2 Penang (including Pro v n e el s ontain e n aan i c W le ley) c d 3 5 9 i h bit ts , — and in 1 8 24 the numbers were increased chieﬂy by the emigration from Keddah cons equen t on — the Siamese invasion to as many as 5 and it has steadily grown to the number ( 1 89 1 ) of Light himself had estimated that well watered an d fertile as the islan d was with a an raan r r un of good cho ge, d eve y oppo t ity

e n ar ant e r u w ul su r b i g me c ile mpo i m, it o d ppo t an as s u s as m y o l .

na r n e of as s an w The me, P i c W le I l d, hich

n w s s Light bestowed upo the settlement, no exi t

n in fﬁ ar tin s an n aan su o ly o ci l w i g , h vi g bee g i p

an na nan o r B nu pl ted by the old me, Pe g, etel t Island ; but the nomenclature of the different localities reminds one of his time ; George Town was named after the Prince of Wales ; Fort

Cornwallis after the Governor- General at the

f s as en an S ff time o the e t bli hm t ; d u olk, the ” s au ifu s of s n in n afr mo t be t l pot thi ki d I di , om ’ ﬁ r n en n s own n the rst supe i t de t native cou ty . Francis Light was aworthy precursor of Sir

af r af s f un Sn ar in St m o d R ﬂe , who o ded i g po e

1 8 1 n u th in s as nan o e sa . 9, m ch me l e Pe g Colonel Low describes him as aman of sound HIS ADMIRABLE RULE 37 s ns r n — ractieal and a e e, p obity, judgme t ctive, p , and r Mr r s s m mode ate ; and . Skinne write y ’ a al e ne of aan s p thetic ly, th whole to C pt i Light letters bears testimony to the Singleness of purpose and administrative interest that cha

s r ar e man is rar z a and a cte i ed thi em k bl , it matter for deep regret that he was not spared ” n his aurs fu fru n We longer to bri g l bo to ll itio . have seen the adroitness with which he negoti a and t s o s ns of the ted, how he wi h to d the de ig

alahi fs and ar fu was of M y c e , how c e l he the

far f his nfan n not f r wel e o i t colo y . He did o get

f f r ﬁn in r 1 6 old riends, o we d him Novembe , 78 , sendin t of aan w r had o gi o the people S l g, he e he s

n r s and r was n n and e lo g e ided, whe e he k ow lov d,

ﬁv n e as f r n re dis e hu dr d b g o ice, whe they we

r ss fan after e l n ur se t e ed by mi e xpel i g the B me . He guarded the interests of his colony carefully against the Dutch he kept Siam in good humour 1 by presents of Maharattahorses to its king ; and his one war against the Rajaof Keddah was su f are a in man ccess ul . We told th t he, y ” r s s as s a i s f the ss e pect , imil ted h m el to dre ,

ann rs and of in of aa m e , mode liv g the M l y

e and was not unnaura e tr p ople, t lly x emely

’ ” . Crawfurd s Embass to Siam 1822 . J y , 38 THE FOUNDER OF PENANG

l e an t em s t at was no well ik d mo g h , o h it

on r ahis f ll - er R r S o t w de th t s ow settl , obe t c t , raat St could truthfully place over his g ve .

’ Geo rge s Church (where he lies along with atain aes Sc t who did so u h as s s C p J m ot , m c to i t es alis en f the se m n an his in the t b hm t o ttle e t, d

below his name

N APA I HIS C CITY As GOVERNOR,

THE SETTLERS AND NATIVES WERE GREATLY

ATT ACHED To HIM AND BY HIS D , EATH, HAD To DEPLORE THE LOSS or

ONE wHo wATCHED OVER

THEIR INTERESTS AND

CARES As A ” FATH ER.

T H E FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

PT CHA ER IV. — Birth and early life of William Light H e enters the — navy and then the army Gallan t deeds in the — — PeninsulaBattle of Vic Bigorre Army career — Travels and ﬁrst book With the Spanish Constitu tionali st forces in 1 823.

As it was the fortune of Francis Light to be the foun r of r n of as s an so was de P i ce W le I l d, it

fo rtun of lia i his r son the e Wil m L ght, elde , to

f un r of A ai and one of be the o de del de, the pioneers of the New Settlemen t of South

Aus ra t lia. — William Light was born in Malayapossibly at Saan —au 1 8 and was as we a l g bo t 7 , h ve s n r of two s ns of aan ee , the olde the o C pt i

The ear of his bir h is uncer ain It has been y t t . variously stated as 1 785 and 1 788. 42 THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

ran s rn r f a F ci Light, the Gove o o th t Colony, an f d o ar na z l s r n es M ti Ro e l , the P i c s o f u a f o arl r wr w Q ed h the e ie iters, hose Portu

uese or as rn s n has n an g E te de ce t bee , d still r mans s f n o d ﬁ u a al an e i , i c lt ge e ogic l k o t to nu ra As we lr a n . a his father his vel e dy k ow, in

if s n him and at ar ar ae l etime e t home, ve y e ly g entrusted him to the care of his old frien d and n ur Mr r f r eighbo , . Geo ge Doughty, o Thebe ton

aS r ff of Suff l A fun s r H ll, he i o k mple d we e

r for his u an and f r his p ovided ed c tio , be o e ’ father s estate was min ed by its unfortunate ad n s ran was ss s f ar con mi i t tio , he po es ed o ve y si erable f r un d o t e . The Doughty family loyally carried out their

rus u a un and r u ht t t. They ed c ted yo g Light, b o g

' him up among them in the familiar Suﬂolk ’ n his f r s rt a t w had a . coun y, hich bee the bi hpl ce He remained attached to them throughout his

n a in S ut and in his as An a life, l t tipode bode o h Australiahe called the house which he had ” n r f himself built, Theberto , to emind him o

ied Au us 2 1 1 8 His ido nn o in D g t , 79 . w w, A e Go dw , heiress of ar lesham all survived un il Ma1 2 1 82 . M t H , t y , 9 eir son was t larke ou h Iof Th he Rev. George C D g ty, h b r on all T e e t H . COLONEL \VILLIAM LI HT T H E FO UNDER O F ADELA IDE G , , O UTH A U T RALIA S S .

A ter t/ze or tr azt b Geor e an es in tire N at on al P or tr at Galler L ond on . f ﬁ y g l , i i y , ) Toface page 42

EARLY EDUCATION 43 their English home where he had been treated with so uc n ness was areful edu m h ki d . He c ly cated among the Doughtys and their relatives the Montaus and was ear no i ea for his g , ly t c ble a in an uaes so a caa bility l g g , th t he be me ble to speak French and Spanish with like facility to

n s . aane aso rar s in war E gli h He tt i d, l , e kill te c ur ant n an r a r ﬁ nc in olo p i i g, d to g e t p o cie y

rain n w r and all s a l s s d w g, the e ccomp i hme t e e ultimately of the greatest use to him in the var ciss r arn u s f his car ied vi it de o ee . We le from another source that he had the additional attainments of being an accomplished musician and an s whi s s us ahis uar mech i t, ch how th t g ’ dian s attention was . by no means ill bestowed

Af an n . r r to o upo him te he g ew up m ho d, William Light is described by one who knew

as f d u sal com him well o me i m height, low

ex n ar and han so face ean pl io , le t d me, with cl sha t si w s ers lac ven excepting Closely ou de hi k , b k ir s a cur a r s stra n se ly h , b own eye , ight o , m ll ” t caat an u and s a in and mo h, h pely ch , he be me early age aperson of some note in London as

ar as nd an who was was ve ich E t I i , , it belie d, born to the rights and inheritance of an

rn r nc is as un erstan a Eas te p i e . It e y to d d th t 44 THE FOUNDER or ADELAIDE he was none the less notable socially when we 1 see that one of his comrades writes of the

ur of r c rs as an aun Co t Di e to h vi g, with th t varying cupidity and oppression which has ever ’ ar as nd a an s ar r r m ked the E t I i Comp y c ee , obbed his father of the Island (of Penang) by forcing him for n and n frau n to cede it mo ey, the de di g

of nsan and we ﬁnd al s ha him the compe tio , o t t he was taken n otice of by the Prince Regent (subsequently King George after whom the island of Penang has been re named by his far and a was as na the , th t he occ io lly his guest in

aC r of ar n us the g y i cle C lto Ho e .

is r fﬁ u n n It ve y di c lt i deed, owi g to the de ’ s ru n f his rs ra s an r t ctio o memoi , to t ce Light w de ings in his early life ; he himself describes it as “ ” awandering life that precluded all advantages ;

ut kn a his far f r b we ow th t, like the be o e him, he

n r na w r s r r a e te ed the vy, he e he e ved with g e t ’ n r urn t as n d n e a isti ctio . He et d le t o ce to the

' ai r Vsde ife of Gen ral Sir Sir William N p e . L e

aier vol . i. . 1 6 . C . J . N p , p 3 ’ ” C o h r li The Sou h Australian apper s S ut Aust aa. t ’ r in 1 8 6 men io hahe had Commissioners Repo t, 3 , t ns t t m served many years in the navy as well as the ar y. 28 is ali le book B um 1 016 . In the ritish Muse [ 9, 9 ] tt , entitled Narrative of an Escape from French Captivity

46 TH E FOU NDER OF ADELAIDE

c ar was aad n n t en tt he to the I tellige ce Dep m t. He acted also as conﬁdential aide d eC M p to — Lord Wellington the Great Duke and in

s waw n on s aff a fr n thi y, he the t , bec me the ie d

f r L n edoch and o n Gurwood and o Lo d y C lo el , ’ r s f r au s faars the e t o the G e t D ke mili . We

arn ahis s u n was of r ause and on le th t co ti g g e t ,

ne as n in 1 80 sa ari s s n o occ io , 9, ved B ti h Divi io from being cut off by the French forces from the main body ; his personal knowledge that the Fren ch would cross by aford on the river Douro having been imparted by him to Sir Willoughby Gordon in due time to prevent the occupation of avillage already singled out for 1 n n n Tw us rat ns of his al acato me t. o ill t io g lan r are r r narra in as of t y , mo eove , ted the p ge

Sir aand Sir r ar and t s Willi m Geo ge N pie , he e

r wn w r s I shall quote in thei o o d . The ﬁrst instance happened after Torres

1 ir illia ras and R n ain 1 8 1 and S Ved edi h , W m Napier writes William Light was aman of extraordinary

’ Loyau s Representative Men of South Aus ” ’ r he n d n s narraed in Mr. Finniss MSS. t alia. T i ci e t i t ” ife of Sir Charles aier b Sir illiam aL N p , y W ier K. B . N p , C . KINDNESS To TH E NAPIERS 47 accom lishmcnts s r s aan us an p , oldie , e m , m ici , ar is and in all his s s n ma t t, good ; di po itio y be

fr f w n an judged om the ollo i g ctio . — When nearly starved himself all were so — in the pursuit of Mas senahe by some means

O an aaf of r abut arn n a bt i ed lo b e d, le i g th t

r and a ar w r ur Geo ge Willi m N pie e e h t, he

hi wn ran and at end of a stiﬂed s o c vi g, the

’ n ar r s his f and his rse s f lo g m ch, i ked li e, ho li e, by riding some twen ty miles across the wild

ain s of n aw r n r n mount Co deix , he e, e te i g the half- ruined house in which the wounded brothers

r n w h u aw r r w wn his we e lyi g, he it o t o d th e do

’ oaf on one of r al s and rush n out l thei p let , i g , ” r urn ar et ed to the my .

ir r ar as as s s r S Geo ge N pie l o dd to thi to y, that until this act his brother an d young Light had n aunauan but of urs bee tot lly cq i ted, co e ” s was an n ss n r f r n and thi ki d e eve to be o gotte , they were ever afterwards on the terms of the

oses n a n as we s a e ad se r cl t i tim cy ; , h ll , the he oic

aicrs a nn and had N p bec me co ected to him,

n u n n hi u ar r some i ﬂ e ce o s ltimate c ee .

In s r f n nsu ar War the Hi to y o the Pe i l , Sir William Napier again describes one of William

’ ’ ans wh 3h an him ar s ar n a Light d i g ctio , g i ed g e t 48 THE FOU NDER OF ADELAIDE

aof ras at aof Vic de l p i e the comb t Bigorre, in

r n s in ar 1 8 1 the Py e ee , M ch, 4.

’ ” Soul s ar sas t ais r an was m ch, y th t h to i ,

r u a san an an d aras s n th o gh deep dy pl i , h i g it

would have been less dangerous if Wellin gton ’ had sent Hill s strong caval ry in pursuit ; but the country was unfavourable for quick Observa

n and r n r r tio , the F e ch cove ed thei movemen ts

w rear- uar s w s r an u rs was ith g d , ho e e l mbe it

fﬁcu s r an ne of di lt to ace t i . O these bodies was

s on a end of w a po ted hill, the hich butted on

- roaand S was the high d, the lope clothed with

s r s rs trees well lined by ki mi he . Lord Wellington desired to know what force

e wa all thus barred th y. Yet the explorin g

’ m s were s n s ﬁre atte pt topped by the e emy .

atan W am s t n u s the C p i illi Light, di i g i hed by

his aan en s—an ar s us variet of an y tt i m t ti t, m ici , — mechan s seaman and s r n ath i t, , oldie the m de e

r as if u f r f rwa o He o e d r trial. d o he wo ld ce

wathrou h the ren s r s rs but in his y g F ch ki mi he , the maxi dropped his reins and leaned back as tl l lv w ounded ; his horse appeared to canter ’ MANIA !long the front of the en emy s light u an d the th n n r a ur m y i ki g him mo t lly h t,

r tire and t no fur r n W thei ook the otice. BATTLE OF vrc BIGORRE 49

He thus passed unobserved through the wood

the r s f th h w r to othe ide o e ill, here the e were n o s r s rs and as n n ki mi he , ce di g to the Open su a ut s urs his rse ao n mmit bove, p p to ho , g ll pi g

' al n the renc an ne an t n o g F h m i li , d coun i g their r n s as ass His su n aear egime t he p ed. dde pp an his u un r ss his ar n n n ce, bl e d e , d i g co ﬁde ce and his s a r nc u i he peed, m de the F e h do bt f was an n and afew s s n w r is e emy, hot o ly e e d

ar as n n s ch ged, while he, d hi g dow the Oppo ite

r fr r ar hr u r declivity, b oke om the e t o gh the ve y skirmishers whose fire he had at first essayed in fr n and r ain S o h r n n o t, e ch g the p t w e e Welli gto s h r er but five aans tood, told him t e e w e b tt lio

n o the hill .

u af r s f ar r an ssar and So lt, te thi , elt et e t ece y,

a of ar s w nsu d n the b ttle T be , hich e e , e ded in s a ar s n n one hi ﬂight, the llied my lo i g o ly

nt m n hundred and twe y e .

r u t n an r ea rn Afte the P ce, Light et ed o E gl d, an n the 2 th of e r O an a d o 5 Nov mbe , bt i ed

I am indebted for this military information to the

n ni ht. i ht w s e kindness of Captai H . R . K g L g aap pointed Brigade-Major to the Household Brigade by ord Ed ard Somerset aide A endix but it is said L w ( pp ), ' that at Dover he heard the news of the battle of ' - i dain 1 81 1 . e rd Buﬂs served n Cana Waterloo . Th 3 4 5 5 0 THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

' c an in the r Buﬂs East en e iment omp y 3 d ( K t R g ).

He appears as captain half-pay in the Army

' st o f 1 8 1 and ar af- aon the 2 rst f Li 5 , m jo h l p y O

0 June, 1 8 1 7 ; but on the 2 th of August, he became acaptain in the 1 3th ( Ist Somerset) oo and r ir in 1 8 2 1 fr a e r i en as F t, et d om th t eg m t

ar w n e r T atan and r Sir e . c p i b evet m jo , he G o g

ar es is ar a u te the N pie writ , It g e t pity he q it d ar as had hi h s n u s self my, he g ly di ti g i hed him , and was ar afaur rd l n t n g e t vo ite with Lo Wel i g o ,

f r hi who had promoted him o s conduct. He is ar ver fel and fr his n e of ve y cle low, om k owl dge

n ran etc s n r an uaes ad etc. . o ou t l g g d wi g, , , he o b gh i ” himself into not ce.

w sur and was f r as now at ﬁrs He lei e, o the t time able to engage in expensive travel and in

ursu s In 1 8 22 h his favourite artistic p it . e was in ar s n fu of n a s and t P i , the ll ot bilitie , the poe Tom Moore writes of him as mixing in the

rar and us ac t r of the Villamils and lite y m ic l o e ie , at their house meeting Princesse de Talleyrand

ran who was s f rn in (Mme. G d), , like him el , bo

There is extant astatement which I have not been rif Caain i h it is said was on board able to e . v y pt L g t, , el ton when aleon was received as ari on r the B leroﬂ N po p s e , an d it was by him that the d for the surrender of ’ s was made on behalf of r the emperor sword Lo d Keith. VIEWS OF SICILY 5 1

as n s and cae her us an the E t I die , ll d by h b d une Indienne bien belle He travelled ex

nsi el in aas w was en the te v y It ly l o, hich th

aras of es—o i r n l p di e exil By o , Shel ey, Leigh

re an and an ess - n n n lis Hunt, T l w ey, m y l k ow E g h m n —an in S as w i was n twith e , d icily well, h ch , o ’ s an n Br done s e rs an slan r t di g y L tte , i d ve y

the wes f uro little known to t o E pe. The next year Light published his Sicilian ” his ar-c ur s t es of Scenery, in which w te olo ke ch

r r n Sicilian views were ep oduced by P . de Wi t. The illustrations in the book are very well

ute and to eais aen asuﬁ cient exec d, ch pp ded

es r t on in r n and n s ar i u ar d c ip i F e ch E gli h, p t c l ly mentioning the military posts of the British

ur n r ai n o f s an n s d i g thei occup t o the i l d. He otice

n en al s raof S an n es an d i cid t l y eve l the icili obl , praises in particular the Prince of VillaDorata

n s nat n as in al fri n he be g speci ly e dly to t E gli h io .

no r n aa r an Light did t, howeve , em i lo g w y fr r f in at om militay li e. He joined symp hy with

S an s i eras and we ﬁnd in 1 8 2 the p i h L b l , him 3 r rn n an s e arkin as etu i g to Sp i , thi time mb g

n in the an s nsti ut nal F r es colo el Sp i h Co t io o c , under the leadership of General Sir Rob ert

n Wilso . THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

ir r n as in uis e n nsu ar S Robe t Wilso , di t g h d Pe i l

fﬁ r an M P f r S u war had n one o ce , d . . o o th k, bee of those who had taken part in the escape of

fr in 1 8 1 6 In 1 8 2 1 LaValette om the Bastille . be incurred the hostility of the British Govem ment by his friendly support of the unfortunate

u n ar n an his s r n u at her Q ee C oli e, d pi ited co d ct

' ill- fated funeral gave so much Oﬂence that he had without any appeal been dismissed from 1 ar was awar an n us as the my. He m d e th i tic supporter of the Liberals both at home and

ar aand was naura r f r aw n b o d, it t l the e o e th t he

S an s r s aa r n who the p i h Co te , tt cked by the F e ch, upheld the Spanish king in his endeavour to

r an his as u w r r f r an eg i b ol te po e , dec eed the o m tio

of af re n n f n usan men n w o ig legio o te tho d , i to hich

all ers ns in S an or f r n rs es r us p o p i , o eig e d i o to ” ef n aus of lib rt m raf d e d the c e ; y, ight be d ted,

' that they should oﬂer the position o f lieutenant

r ir r s n a gene al to S Robe t Wil o . He ccepted

s and was a ow r a n his the po t, to h ve p e to ppoi t

wn fﬁ rs wh w r ar r n aw o o ce , o e e to h ve eti i g llo

ano s as w as n s ns for w un In us e ell pe io o ds . j tice

Sir r s n on us u w r s to Robe t Wil o , e m t q ote the o d

H e was res ored to his form r militar rank in 1 8 0 t e y 3 , and Ma 8 died y 9, 1 49.

m u m or CORUNNA 5 5

s m ahizers t ass s y p t , o i t which held agarrison

f t se n ei O ho , o ly ght " n ﬁ k -v s and the r s ui u coan , e t G p s v ' l h l l n te ers ; and their exertions

f u use ul. Al tho gh as had been what they ghts above afford protection attacked on the

h r nc wh t e F e h, o

in his ar a I . b og Madrid under A f ter sorti e sharp ﬁghting and b b E T rench forced the Span iards “ n t of the tow , bo h 0 1 1 Light being commander

eye- witness 5 4 THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

amon his ot er oﬁ cers ere atain Erskin a g h w C p e,

arr at in S an on the Ist Of They ived Vigo, p i ,

Ma s r nc an r an au ar es y, with ome F e h d Ge m xili i ,

an w as Th d ere received with great en thusi m. e next day they attended Mass in the Church of San Francisco for the souls of those who had

be n assare at az and on 6th w r e m c d C di , the e e

n rs On regularly admitted as Spaish soldie . the

' 8th of Ma set ﬂ f r mnna r t y they o o Co , whe e hey

re r ir r son we eceived with joy. S Robe t Wil next made an expedition into Portugal from “ al a r use the r n s of r G ici , to o F ie d Libe ty

' there and in e tat n of ein oﬂered , the xpec io b g the command of aforce ; but upon the fall of

the n in rtu a f r Constitutio Po g l, he le t Opo to,

in n n th ra an but was se ze te di g to wi d w to Sp i , i d

and r s n at raa n r r eas n imp i o ed B g . O thei el e o

the 8 f un an his f re n th o J e, he d o ﬁcers tur ed to

r but t re as was reae Opo to, he l o he t t d with

n s rar ur n his r urn a co ide ble igo . O et to G licia

in un his usua r s ssue an J e, he, with l ve bo ity, i d

ar ss f r r r u u s nan dd e o eg et to the Po t g e e tio .

A n S an sh en rau r a lo g with the p i G e l Q i og , the

n s all s now as ne w antri u n E gli h ie h te d, ith co b tio of athousand stand of arms and ﬁfty- three barrels THE DEFENCE OF CORUNNA 5 5

of o er sen n s s az rs t ass p wd t by E gli h ymp thi e , o ist

in ef n of runnaw aarr son the d e ce Co , hich held g i

faura ns u nas n vo ble to the Co tit tio list , co sisting of

au e n un m n f r e n bo t eight e h d ed . O those , o ly eight

undre r r u ars and r s ui coan h d we e eg l , the e t G pus and Navarrese Volunteers ; and their exertions

r s ns u us s fu p oved mo t co pic o ly u e l . Although

no r fﬁ en un rs arr as had n mo e e ci t vol tee ived, bee e e ed fr n lan wha xp ct , om E g d, they did t they

c u an str n n s ab o ld, d they e gthe ed the height ove

the n ﬁeld- r s aff r r t n tow with wo k , to o d p otec io

n runn s to the garriso . Co awaattacked on the

rn n f 1 th f th r mo i g o the s o July by e F ench, who

r su n r n I in his r we e pporti g Fe di an d VI . ab oga

i n of n s u n and w ar t o the Co tit tio , to hom M d id

had rr n r on 2 th of Maun r su e de ed the 4 y, de

n raBourck Af r s s ar n and Ge e l . te ome h p ﬁghti g

aart ar u s r n f r S an ar s p i l ep l e, the F e ch o ced the p i d

w raw w n as of n to ithd ithi the w ll the tow , both Sir Robert Wilson and Colon el Light being

r an er w n e and n Zo va ou d d, Colo el , the comm d

- f G i usc a i ai . An e e w ness o the u p o Mil ti , k lled y it —1 thus describes the engagement

i of las o m aun en leman anat ve G w Letter fro yo g g t , g ,

m anied Sir ober ilson. i o Au us who acco p R t W V g , g t

iele . 2, 1823 (Morning Citron ) 5 6 THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

Captain Mathers and I were just sat down to dinner after seeing him (Lieutenant Wilkinson) set out (for Ireland to raise men for the foreign

n n we r r use aﬁre of legio ), whe we e o d by

of n a of musketry outside the tow . I c ught hold as r was in us and n out wo d which the ho e, we t with the intention of informing Sir Robert ; but

al n w n I met him g lopi g to the field, he ce I f e w firs n raffi r ollow d him. He as the t ge e l o ce in the fi of an n rau r aand the eld ctio . Ge e l Q i og

rn r s n f w a n Gove o oo ollo ed. M thers ad I placed ours es at aof f r n n elv the he d the o eig legio , which was just marching on the ﬁeld when we

er f l n are r n s got th e. The o lowi g the egime t belonging to the enemy before Corunna

NFANT RY CAVALRY. I .

h n 1 st n ussars 7t Legio . Regime t H .

n r r n ran s 1 nfa . st sth I t y Legio D goo .

2 2nd

RT LL RY 37th A I E .

8 s f r 38th Piece o light calib e .

n all 000- 000 men I , 4 5 .

in ﬁrs aaa u s s They the t pl ce tt cked the o tpo t ,

r in and n a an d ove them , the ttempted to g i

ss s af r po ession of the height , which they did te COLONEL LIGHT WOUNDED 5 7 ase re on l an ain ve c ﬂict, we l m i t ed by the

an r s n was r Sp iad . The e emy four times ou nu s it was s mber, o impos ible to keep our

r un . runna un rs f u w g o d The Co vol tee o ght ell. The enemy lost seven hundred men killed and

un A n urs l was aS an s wo ded . mo g o ki led p i h

fﬁ r araman n who a o ce , b ve . Colo el Light, c me fr n an Sir r s n was om E gl d with Robe t Wil o , commanding the advanced troop of the

an ar s n uran his ra Sp i d , e co gi g them by b ve

at n t was re conduct, but le g h obliged to

r aand w n n aur n his rs t e t, he e de vo i g to get ho e

r u as aus - aw n r u th o gh the g te , m ket b ll e t th o gh

is r f s h ight thigh ; he ell just at my ide . I

' ’ arr Oﬂ nsu s us c ied him the ﬁeld to the co l ho e,

r asur n for was us whe e I got geo him . I j t

r urn n a w n et i g b ck to the ﬁeld, he I met them

' carrying Sir Robert Wilson oﬂ also ; he was

in the f as wounded le t thigh. He Shut the g te

aans n s f nhaan s g i t the e emy him el , The i bit t

r in a ra s aau r n we e deplo ble t te bo t , c yi g, , him ! An An our saur is Oh the gel, the gel, vio

’ w r was s u in ala killed. He, ho eve , ho t g, Viv Liberta His wound is not half so bad as

’ n s ar has n in f r Colo el Light . The l tte bee o ty

ﬁve ans for and ne r was un e ctio be e, ve wo d d till 5 8 THE FOU NDER OF ADELAIDE

r r e ar for o on now. Si Robe t mb ked Vig

2 r r es u an w h the st. He equ ted I wo ld go lo g it

We n t a r —he him . . could o t ke poo Light

s un w r s rr to was o ill with his wo d. I as ve y o y leave him behind ; he has been my friend and companion since the ﬁrst moment I saw him ;

is an man aras r and aman he ge tle , b ve oldie , ” f arn n o le i g . 1 Sir Robert Wilson writes also 1 Colonel

Li tie af r s an ae ar zea te ( ), te di pl yi g th t xempl y l

r as n was un e w aus e eve y occ io , wo d d ith m k t

a as hr u r h u b ll, which p sed t o gh the ight t igh witho t ” n ur n t r s we i j i g the bone, bu I t u t he will do ll.

Af er s f a wn of runnaresse t thi de e t, the to Co , p d

the r n s ar of r s ns au ad by g owi g c city p ovi io , c pit l te on 2 h of Au and was surr n re the 1 t gust, e de d by

Don ran s a un Bourck in F ci co Novell to Co t ,

S of u ar n at r n pite the pop l atip hy to the F e ch. The defence of Vigo had become utterly ar i and Sir r i s n re r thence bo t ve, Robe t W l o ti ed — to Cadiz by seafor which act he was much 3 criticised ; and the victorious French army

Bulle in ul 1 6 82 . Bri sh m i nal t , J y , 1 3 ti Museu Addit o M SS., 30, 1 37. 3 “ A ver clever satirical m The M dern uixo e y poe , . o Q t , RETURN To ENGLAND 5 9

restored the absolute power of King Ferdinand

throughout the whole of Galicia. Colon el

las r us of his w un s unn Light y e io ly ill o d, h ed

an ar s rr r z rn n by the Sp i d , te o i ed by the Gove me t,

r n n rass un but protected by the F e ch Ge e l Ti ot, til permitted by his con querors to go for his health

as of Artiex at end f S r to the B th o the o eptembe .

Lar r urn s an n a runna te he et ed, till i v lid, to Co , an d through the timely assistan ce of his old

r n n u r an Mrs u r f a of n ad . ie d g di , Do ghty, Thebe to

a was a an a r urn H ll, he ble to obt i le ve to et to

n an and arr at u in E gl d, ived Plymo th the

n r Liber on 2 0th of schoo e ty the November,

1 8 2 He s s his s w an r 3. till poke to ome h t i disc eet interviewers with fervour about the cause of ” r in an but f faur f libe ty Sp i , elt the il e o the

n in w had an ar expeditio hich he t ke p t deeply, and alluded to his life in aprivate letter to Miss Bennet as an existence that had lon g ” e n ac us nau but ars t b e c tomed to ght dve i y. giving ahumorous account of the campaign of Wilson and his com anions in S ain and Por u al aear in p p t g , pp ed the New ﬁ rm . It en ds

“ ’ And will rec rd d b in st r t o e e o y, That brave Sir Robert sailed to Spain And valian l sail d name aain t y e g .

MISS BEN NET 6 1

’ n s aof ar s ur ut as aar o ly the e t te E l Co t, b l o l ge f un ort e . Miss Benn et was in this way aconsiderable

r ss She s r hei e . wab ought up mainly by her 1 aun s a u sa n and her s s r t , L dy Lo i Co olly i te , — Lady Sarah Napier whose beauty in early lif as aSara nn had atra n e, L dy h Le ox, t cted Ki g

r an wh in ae aw Geo ge III . , d o old g oke the — admiration of Colon el Light and she was

’ mu w a Saras s n s ch ith L dy h o , the Heroic ” ars an her au r ss N pie , d with d ghte , Mi Emily

ar af rwar s a un ur fr n N pie , te d L dy B b y. This ie d s was rawn s r w n in 1 8 2 h r hip d clo e he , 3, e own s s r aful ar l n nn arr i te , the be uti C o i e Be et, m ied her us n aan n r ar ar co i , C pt i He y Edw d N pie , ” R N r n f r n . . s ao , the hi to i Flo e ce . Captain Light addressed to his bride the 3 lines

Lady LouisaConolly and Lady Sarah Napier were dau h e f Charles s cond D uke of ichmon d . The g t rs o , e R f rme di in 1 2 1 and ad arah in u us 1 826 . o r ed 8 , L y S A g t, 3 Caroline Benn et is described as alady whose extraordinary beauty attracted the admiration Of any circle she entered at home o r abroad Life of Sir di athe illaaon i . . She ed t C J V C pp , Florence ember 1 8 6 leavin two sons and one , Sept 5 , 3 , g dau h er g t . ri i ht had reviousl M a illaI. ed S. t the V C . L g p y 6 2 THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

’ You saou wan not fort n y y t u e s toys, M an el ar nor do I y g M y, . Con en wi h ove and u o r t t t L yo , u joys Shall smoo h lid n r h o i t ly g e o ear ne s gh. ’ i h thee dear irl m l s m W t , g , y ot co plete ’ ’ I m fav r d e in fas d i ou e y t te esp te . ’ hus bless d each chan in season mee T , g g t i h raeful smiles o f soft deli h W t g t g t. Yes m sw ee life in some wild la , y t , p ce ’ A co t we ll ﬁnd the shady grove Shall gen tly waver on with grace In af f t s te ul harmony o Love . And Mary then shall deck my bower ’ With roses fresh and heart s -ease sweet Nor lowering tempest nor the falling shower ' ” Can e er make dull our dear retreat .

Mrs . was a au Light noted be ty. The poet Moore men tions her in his diary as one of Lord

’ ans n s u s f set an L dow e g e ts o the Bowood , d again later as one of my fair Shuttlecock friends ; and she became in later life afriend of many of the band of literary forestieri at

r n of w n n but af w Flo e ce, hom, to me tio e , were

he art s r t S ur Ki ku o ar i t eymo p, the p et W lte

Saa an r and ar s er n v ge L do , Ch le Lev the ovelist. The ﬁrst two years of married life they spent

in ran Sw z r an and a r n al F ce, it e l d, It ly, p i cip ly

written to Miss Bennet explaining to her the smallness of his f r un hi h in to the d r asin value of o t e, w c , ow g ec e g his enan es aes had much deteriorated. His mother P g t t ,

had died in 1822 . VIEWS OF POMPEII 63

at me w r r r afe and at Ro , he e they we e g e tly ted,

aes and its n ur and ur n t s N pl eighbo hood, d i g he e years Colonel Light occupied himse lf with the completion of aseries of careful drawings of

e w un r f s o Pomp ii, hich, de the title o View f ”1 m was u sh in 1 8 2 - 8 Po peii, p bli ed 7 , with

ﬁ l n r ne f as dran on s . a o io pl te w to e by J . D H d in an r ar s fr hi r n a s g d othe tist om s o igi l sketche . After the publication of this ﬁrst fruit of his

ras n r rn an an d t vel , Colo el Light etu ed to Engl d, ,

’ a his f s f r un u aa— a ided by wi e o t e, bo ght y cht — u t r of f r - ns fr aMr ufn c t e o ty eight to om . T ell,

n al a u and w his f joi ed the Roy Y cht Cl b , ith wi e went an adventurous cruise in his new vessel

in rran n n nu a the Medite ea. They co ti ed

an rin fe for an ars and r w de g li m y ye , thei journeys included Visits to most of the French

an d aan as wn s the s an s f Sard n a It li co t to , i l d o i i

and aathe as s of Gr and ur M lt , co t eece T key,

an e un r f n w nl d th co t y o Egypt . We are o o y able to follow these wanderings at all through ’ r s M rnas an se a M s . Light S. Jou l , d the give

ur of s an aun t vivid pict e the time , d bo d wi h

f n r s names o i te e t.

’ Favourably reviewed in the Gentleman : Magazine

of 1828. 64 THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

M nr ar In a naw r rs . It ly, Sie , he e He y N pie n a r n a asaar r and o i h bited the C B bie i, Ge , whe e

M rs n r un ur and his . Benn et ad Sir Hen y B b y

ﬁrs w f n l w r r f a t i e the ived, e e thei chie he d

r u an M rs wr s in 1 8 2 uars . q te o l d. Light ite 7, l r t n I pas sed avery pleasant winte aGe oa. the society there is much too divided to be

ar a f n s h r are few c g ee ble. O E gli h t e e ex ept

' m r an s and r fam n s e ch t thei ilies. The Ge oe e

n s w n ot asso a oble ill ci te with the Piedmontese, an d the Swiss form acoterie among themselves

w few w u w s n r All t hich o ld i h to e te . hese ’ differen t nations meet at the Governor s Ball

n a w er a a r o ce week, h e they e ch h ve thei ” s ara m rs or s s of r s ep te co e ide the oom . E pi

ma r a an d was n ra o ge p ev iled, e cou ged by the

Sar n an rn n an s f di i Gove me t, d the Light ell un der suspicion for atten ding a Turkish

n La u S uar r afas B e k t give by dy D dley t t ,

au r of u en naar w atri d ghte L ci Bo p te, hich,

r r n av n n us as a ran colou ibbo h i g bee ed deco tio , was denounced to the King of Sardiniaas a

Carbonaro meeting .

olonel i h made drawin s for and in ended to C L g t g , t ublis h ano her eries of ske ches en i led iews of p , t s t , t t V ” Genoa , SOCIETY IN ITALY 65

In Italy they saw much of the survivors o f

r n- u ss urr n who the By o Shelley cliq e . Mi C a( ’ an s n ss ss n ns p i ted Shelley like e ), the Ble i gto , 1 ad aan R r s who at n awas in n C pt i obe t , , Ge o , his t s n r FloraD ianawhi ha li tle choo e , the , ch d

n L r r n and as w n in his belo ged to o d By o , w , he ” ss ss n a B olivar w r an po e io , c lled the , e e mo g t r fr n s and w as n hei ie d , ith the l t Colo el Light

n s Mrs s r made may voyage . . Light de c ibes

’ ar a n at r s aat aar l te meeti g the Vice oy b ll C gli i ,

of Ma1 8 2 w n and on the sth y, 9, bet ee them — the Prince of Carignan o afterwards il Re

n n of r n a w r r s n Te ten a Sadi i . We e e p e e ted ” r n she wr s who u a to the p i ce, ite , took q ite

fan us an an a as cy to my h b d, d t lked to him lmo t

n n Sar san aw r the whole eve i g, c cely yi g o d to

s r n a of the any one else . He poke p i cip lly

as aof un r w sawas politic l t te the co t y, hich he id

r bad and w s ve y , hich he eemed to imply he

a o he fri d of . relane a ain ber s t en E. w nd C pt R t , J T y ‘ o o r n and helle the former of whose boah s f By o S y, t e b l M r . i h in her ournal wri es in ril 1 828 ui t . s L g t, J , t Ap , t was here h oor erc B sshe Shelle Lerici . I t at p P y y y was residing with his wife when he was unfortunately ' ﬂ iar It is su osed hahis li le drowned o V eggio. pp t t tt craf hich I afterwards saw at e horn was run down t, w L g , ” in the night by ano ther vessel. 66 THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

w rr w r r n ould co ect hen eve he came to the th o e . He said there were many abuses which wante d

rr n is now s a as n co ecti g . He e ted ( Ki g “ ar n Sardin an r n ut Ch les Albert) o the i th o e, b I do not hear of his having executed any of hi s

r s an of Sar n ais to good p ojects . The I l d di i the rest of the kingdom like poor Ireland to ” r ar an G e t B it i . In 1 830 we ﬁnd Colonel Light and his wife 1 in w was n at aur us rad na Egypt, hich the c io t itio l stage under the awaken ing rule of M ehemet Al i

as a r aaw e P h . F om the P sh , ith whom they h

aauan an ar an con c me cq i ted, they obt i ed Fi m , ” an n s t n r an r nar t i i g ome hi g mo e th the o di y,

an M r n r d rs . a w Light, med ith it, e te ed deeply

n s of n afr n i to the tudy Egyptology, becomi g ie d and keen correspondent of Sir John Gardner

l n n aan as w n n Wi ki so . Exc v ti g they e t, Colo el

and his w f ra all r u Light i e t velled th o gh Egypt, f r s at s an r an n o d em i i g ome time Thebe , then continued their journey into the little explored

un r of u aas far as S n aara co t y N bi , the eco d C t ct .

Colonel Light must not be confused (as is n o t omm n ir enr i h au hor of ral c o i h ve un ) w t S H y L g t , t T s ” in Egypt and afterwards Govern o r of B ritish

- uiananor wi h . . i h ieu . Colonel 2 th G , t A W L g t, L t 5

i n o f Foo ul 1 1 8 1 . Reg me t t, J y , 3 MEHEMET A LI 67

Mehemet Ali was at this time straining every

r as his r n seaand nerve to inc e e powe o the , to

r his na n mann hi imp ove vy, the ed c eﬂy by f r n n un r ss n ugitive F e chme , de M . de Be o , the

- a ral who was sa a r vice dmi , id to h ve p ojected

n f a f n aar fr t aplaor the esc pe o Bo p te om S .

r s naaar naand . Hele , Ce i y Bey, the v l chitect

M rs n rs in her urnaon rd of . Light e te Jo l, the 3

r 1 8 0 ar of A an r a Decembe , 3 , The docky d ( lex d i )

has n n u W n s as two ars o ly bee b ilt ithi the e l t ye ,

r s aus n s s are r and is ve y p cio . O the tock th ee

- rs a Alex andr iaM aﬁorned three decke to be c lled ,

[ a/lint r is as s n - f ur Ali and br . a , The e l o eve ty o ,

and as a r t and as s n as are m ll co vet e, oo they

launch th rs ed o e w m an a , ill be co m ded immedi tely .

n s r a Ali n aun hi s I ho t, M homet , n othi g d ted by

f aat aar n is rm n aa de e t N v i o, dete i ed to h ve

ff rs n of hi ﬂeet. He o e the commad s ships to

an fﬁ rs who has r in n s na y o ce ve e ved the E gli h vy .

ne of ar ﬁn e r a Ka es O them, ve y f ig te (the ﬁ r

Sneiklz was u at Ar han and as r u ), b ilt c gel, w b o ght

Al an r a Mr Prissick aas r in to ex d i (by . ), m te the

n s na n ow an s her w a E gli h vy, who comm d ith

han s salar His ﬁrst- u d ome y. lie tenant is like

w s an n s an but r is ar i e E gli hm , the e st ong

r n art who all in F e ch p y, do their power to

THE EGYPTIAN SERVICE 69

r wax an s re with him, some ve y good c dle we brought to him as aspecimen of the ﬁrst made ” An aan on 1 8th of un in Egypt. d g i the J e,

f r n fr ar 1 8 1 n ar our ur 3 , Soo te et om C i o the

as ahi s f arr and did us n ur P h m el ived, the ho o sai n ar our raf and to visit us o bo d little c t, he d

a was n t out of r ur s t but a th t it o me e c io i y, th t

r urn ur s was as he wished to et o vi it . He , usuain r a u ur au n at r l, g e t good h mo , l ghi g eve y

an s r ar of thing. He ex mi ed clo ely eve y p t

ss and w en w n f r ar a the ve el, h he e t o w d he m de an n nan of a our sars i cli tio the he d to ilo , with

w u r ﬁ r n which they ere m ch g ati ed. He emai ed

r t an af an ur and was reasur mo e h h l ho , g tly prised to ﬁnd so much accommodation in so s aass n retumed m ll ve el . Whe he to the

aah all his r aur s for n t p l ce, e scolded g e t T k o han n au n us and sa h vi g bee to c ll po , id t ey sat smoking their pipes and doing n othing all da u n h . nse n dawe ad y Co q e tly, the ext y

s s fr s n M ch a outou and . vi it om O m Bey, Bey, M Boghos The result of this friendship was an offer from the Pashajoyfully to admit Colon el Light into his navy and to give him comman d of one of his n —f- ash s es r of as a li e o b ttle ip . The d i e the P h 70 THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

f r n l s au iar s was so r a e r o E g i h xil ie g e t, how ve ,

ha f re r an a n S a an t t Light, be o the y i c mp ig beg ,

sa for n an n the th f Au us iled E gl d o 7 o g t,

in his own ss n rus as a ve el, e t ted by the P h with “ amission to bring out about seventy omcers fr an araif can one wn a om dmi l, he get , do to ” as wan h s ss n was r na bo t i . T i mi io o igi lly arranged an d in tended to las t three mon ths

n but was af rwar s r n an n o ly, it te d p olo ged, d eve af r its n r man ar a te completio , Light e i ed b o d un 1 8 is fﬁ u enn umerat til 35 . It di c lt to e the names of those whom Light was able to re cruit ut in an s rv at the , b the Egypti e ice time ,

s aan Prissick and n in r be ide C pt i the e g ee ,

awaBahis na is n ow ass G llo y y, me chieﬂy oci ated with that of his friend Captain John Hin d

ars R N s w s . a a an n . a aa m h, The l t the g ll t v l

fﬁ r s n u s un r L r w an o ce , di ti g i hed de o d Ho e, d un r L r ran in an al s an de o d Coch e, m y b tt e , d by

ar u ar n i of r n the p tic l ot ce Lo d Nelso , whose thanks for his conduct at the Battle of the Nile

His wife during his absence continued her researches in E an alon i d w th Colonel and M . H gypt , g rs ughes , aain H B C . . o wen Baron de H u e] and Pol d pt A , g M . y ore ous roceeded to hebes asecond m R , p T ti e. An interes t in ournal of her ravels and dis coveries ll g J t sti exists .

Un ited Servi e ournal 1 8 2 ar ii . c j , 3 , p t CAPTAI N HINDMARSH 7 1 w awa r r s s r ill l ys be emembe ed. Be ide thei s r in w nd ars n e vice Egypt, ith Hi m h Colo el

’ Light s future career in South Australiabecame

s nn a u unf r una most clo ely co ected, ltho gh o t tely

s f r a n ot alway o pe ce. 7 2 THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

A CH PTER VI . — Foundation of So uth AustraliaLight made ﬁrst Sur - — — veyor Gen eral Voyage to South Aus traliaKan garoo Island Preliminary explorations The

Aborigines .

IN 1 8 his an ss n an 35 , Egypti mi io h vi g been s fin s an ew r r a n f ome time i hed, c ee ope ed or Colonel Light by the completion of the nego tiations for the foundation of the New Colony f o South Australia. This colony was founded according to the s of war n afi and was cheme Ed d Gibbo W ke eld, in n as f- su r n fr n te ded to be el ppo ti g ee colo y. Edward Gibbon Wakefield advocated the prin “ ciple of the un iversal sale of land instead of

an ran s an d us n of l d g t , the excl ive employme t ’ ” ur has rs n s r rai n the p c e mo ey to p omote emig t o , as against the system of free grants and the low price of Crown lands in the other British colo

’ n Af r aan S ur s rans in ies . te C pt i t t explo tio TH E WAKEFIELD SYSTEM 7 3

New South Wales had drawn the eyes of Britain

Aus raaanu r of men of ar an to t li , mbe m k b ded themselves together in 1 830 into aColonization Society to found anew and free colony on the

’ n f M akeﬁel s s in u li es o r. W d cheme So th

Aus raa as s of w s r t li , the co t hich, di cove ed by

aain Plin ers in 1 802 an w r n wn C pt d , , lo e e e k o to

r and n s ars and w an the wo ld, they o ly to e le h li g

f w r a r w fr ran s o an . c e s. No ee g t l d e e to be m de The land was to be sold at not less than twelve shillings and not more than twenty shillings per ar and n so au r was f r c e, the mo ey cq i ed to o m an emigration fund for qualiﬁed mechan ics an d

m s n husbandmen and their failie . The colo y was ar its wn n s s and a to be o expe e , to h ve the

' r n n f i ﬂairs Mr R r a n o ts a . p i cip l maageme t . obe t

u r wh has r w on stitu Go ge , o d e ved ith the C ti 0 r ar n li t f n in 1 8 was as o as s a . o Sp i 3 , m de ec et y

’ had n an ar n ar san of Wakeﬁeld s He bee de t p ti , “ ” and in 1 8 2 had r fr S n 9 edited the Lette om yd ey, which acted as aspur to the en thusiasm of the su or rs pp te . The Coloni zation Scheme simmered until af r 1 8 1 w n aS u Aus raan an te 3 , he , o th t li Comp y

an n f r Mr aﬁ and ar h vi g bee o med, . W ke eld M jo

Bacon obtained the co- Operation of Colonel 74 TH E FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

rr ns as ar an ar A awho raf To e P li me t y dvoc te, d ted a ar r and a f r L r r Ch te l id it be o e o d Go de ich, Secretary of State for the Colonies ; but by him

was r as r ns in 1 8 2 it ejected, too comp ehe ive, 3 .

An r a was r uff his r othe ttempt eb ed by success o ,

Mr in . . an e 1 8 E G. St l y, 33.

M r In . S r n w r as s iat n p i g Rice, ho eve , the oc io f un an r su r r in ar an an a o d othe ppo te P li me t, Bill to erect South Australiain to aBritish “ r n ca an d t P ovi ce (4 5 Will . IV. p. o provide for the colonization and governmen t ” r f su r of r w the eo , by the ppo t Lo d Ho ick, Lord

S an Mr. S aw f r in us f t ley, h Le eb e the Ho e o

ns an s r nu us av aof the Commo , d by the t e o d oc cy

f n in r s was ass Duke o Wellingto the Lo d , p ed, receiving the Royal As sent on the 1 sth of

Au us 1 8 Act ow r r wn g t, 34. The emp e ed the C o to establish provinces in South Aus tralian terri

n na s ars ss n rs tory to omi te legi l to , commi io e who should survey an d sell lands at no time for alower price than twelve shillin gs per acre

an f u ns u n an ran fun (the l d e d co tit ti g emig tio d), and to appoint aResiden t Commission er in the

r n ar us r r s n s w r a p ovi ce . V io othe p ovi io e e m de, and aspecial claus e forbade the transportation

' of c rr r is iﬂ rentiatin onvicts to the te ito y, th d e g it TIIE FIRST COMMISSIONERS 7 5 fr r s n n s f h om the othe exi ti g colo ie o t e South .

ns was faon r un r No expe e to ll the Mothe Co t y, which had power to establish Local Govern men t con stitution s after acertain population was atan and w rs of ss r t i ed, the po e the Commi ione s w ere n ot to become effective until land to the vau of had n s s off and a l e 3 bee di po ed ,

an of had n n ae lo bee egoti t d . The ﬁrst Board of Commissioners was com

f r M P M P s . s a o . po ed J W. Childe , . W. Cl y, . , r M P e r . . s r an G o ge G ote, (the hi to i ), G. W .

n n M P r a rr ns . an No m , Colo el To e , . , d W. W.

M P M r r . . R w an n Whitmo e, , . o l d Hill bei g

s r ar but on of Maas s ec et y ; the sth y, the e

had r s n r n as S r ar of e ig ed, Lo d Gle elg, ec et y

S afor n s az t f n t te the Colo ie , g et ed the ollowi g

n s n rs An a a s : . . s as . Colo i l Commi io e G F g , E

u n aw f r A arnar . S . . B d, W H tt, Joh h Le eb e, W

M P s a Monteﬁore ann n . . S. M cki o , , Mill , J cob ,

ar un . r n rr ns G. P lme , j ., J W ight, Colo el To e an and R an s r ar ar . (ch i m ), owl d Hill ( ec et y) The latter afterwards became famous as Sir Rowland

n s as s n r f nn . Hill, the i ve to o the Pe y Po t ge y tem The enormous difﬁculty of obtaining sufﬁcien t

saof aun of an r u r Act le the mo t l d eq i ed by the ,

l t of Mr r f was obviated by the abi i y . Geo ge Fi e

SIR CHARLES NAPIER 77

but als o in Spain!at the time Sir Robert Wilson

was re u k i ! an d a n the , wo ld give to the ppoi t

n w be usefu the n and me t hich might l to colo y, at the same time secure an able man for the ’ w r As s fri n w o k. Light e d I ould not advise

him ake s for r as ns w to t the po t, the e o hich

a n e s f As far s m k me decli e it my el . ayou are na rs n rne ou w u ﬁn d him all pe o lly co ce d, y o ld

ou u s y co ld wi h . Hoping that you may not be disappointed in ur own as hin yo cl im , which I t k too strong to

r be ejected,

Believe me truly,

APIER. C . N

Mr r as f r answ r on . Gouge w o ced to e , the

th of un a a n n of o rn r 4 J e, th t the ppoi tme t G ve o

of out Aus raahad ar a unf r una S h t li l e dy, o t tely, ’ been promised by Lord Glenelg to Light s

an con rm aan n arsh w Egypti f , C pt i Hi dm , hom “ in his own ar al s a a ar and di y he c l jovi l, he ty,

n r man and was in ue ur a e e getic , he d co se p

n w s asaar of 800 r poi ted, ith the m ll l y £ pe annu and an aan of 00 for u ﬁ m, llow ce £5 o t t.

n r t u f Colo el Light, howeve , ho gh still out o

n an was a ns eaSur r- en ra E gl d, m de, i t d, veyo G e l, 7 8 THE FOUNDER or ADELAIDE

w t uas asaar of 00 and his i h the eq lly m ll l y £4 ,

ruar ain n was az on th of ppo tme t g etted the 4 Feb y,

1 8 6 t and in ih . was a t ar a 3 He the ime b o d,

' diﬂerent al h and w his a n n he t , o ed ppoi tme t chieﬂy to the recommendation of the Duke of Welling

ton w h r f n ar w i h , it the suppo t o Colo el N pie , h c ,

as we as n was r r aas w as his h ve ee , ve y e l, ell to fr n sh n w r His s aff ie d ip with the e Governo . t ,

of which he did not himself select, consisted

ut - ur r Mr f rwar s ir r S . a S the Dep y veyo , ( te d )Geo ge

S r an n s n As s s an - Sur rs t ickl d Ki g to ; the i t t veyo ,

M r Mr . rars nn ss Mr ac Boyle T ve Fi i , . W. J ob , .

aMr au n and Mr S . Ne le, . W. Cl ghto , . W. . J 1 (afterwards Vice- Admiral) Pullen and three

n - M n s u r Ass s an Sur rs r. . . S j io i t t veyo , R G ymo d ,

M r r n an d M r Al fr ar . n a . Joh C me o , . ed H dy

f fﬁ r f n r M r The other chie o ce s o the colo y we e .

as urt r s n J me H le Fishe , Re ide t Commission er

an d R is rar M r r r n . R al eg t ; obe t Gouge , Colo i

' S r ar ir eﬂc tt Mr S . . o u . ar s ec et y ; J W J , J dge; Ch le

ann A a- n ra aan s n M , the dvoc te Ge e l ; C pt i Lip o ,

- R. ar ur as r and Mr. s n es N H bo m te ; O mo d Gill ,

r ur r Colon ial T eas e .

Vice Admiral Pullen may be considered the dis e coverer of Port Adelaide . H was afterwards distinguished

as an i l r and died in 1 88 . Arct c exp ore , 7 DEPARTURE FOR SOUTH AUSTRALIA 79

fﬁ as w r af r s a The o ci l e e, te ome del y, de

ch d n w n n i s at e e . p to the colo y Colo el L ght,

artur n his r c fr lln ss his o e overy om i e , took dep e

f x i n in the Rapid as chief o the e pedit o . The

- C net Deputy Surveyor preceded him in the yg , w c sa on ath of arch 1 8 6 hi h iled the 4 M , 3 ,

n r hi s r rs als o rn r fol u de o de o . The G ve o

w in B u alo an Mr u r in the lo ed the f , d . Go ge

n l as an r n s aan an d Colo e Light, expe ie ced e m n aar un r h n r us u i s of vig to , de took t e o e o d t e san - as r of his v ss and w t ili g m te e el, i h him the

r w f r n His sh r S art s . c e the e o e ig ed icle ip, the

Raid ar of aun r and s t - two n s p , b ig h d ed ix y to , had been purchased by the Govern ment for the

‘ purpose of con veying the surveying staﬂ to

S u Aus raaan d hav ss and o th t li , both t t e el the

C mt w r fu u so a yg e e lly eq ipped, th t they might,

if n ssar act n n n r ece y, i depe de tly. They we e

’ afurn s w on e ar s r n s and e ch i hed ith ye p ovisio , Colonel Light was directed to see that each was supplied with aboat ﬁtted fo r the coast explora

n s and als an on a arr a tio , o te t light c i ge to be

i ns r n r r sur n used n expeditio ove lad . P ope veyi g

n s n s r s and amun n w r n ru a i st me t , te t , m , m itio e e

r for sur In al so to be p ovided the vey. the

KANGAROO ISLAND 8 I

wear did not a r un b e the , le ve the No e til the of Math a y 4 . The voy ge occupied

n s an the Raid arr r e d on 1 t e mo th , p ived the 9th

Au ust at An - a r Baan on of g te Ch mbe y, d the

0 of A us 1 8 6 at an Ba an ar 2 th ug t, 3 , Nepe y, K g oo

Is land r she had n r e r u , whithe bee p eced d, th o gh the incredibly foolish managemen t of the South

Austral an an re s s D uke i Comp y, by th e hip , the

Lad M ar Pei/tam an 7 York the d 0/ s qf , y y , the 3

hi had an r r nin M , w ch l ded the e thei ety

e en ass n rs Two or r ar n r w r s v p e ge . th ee g de e s e e lan ded on the island to cultivate the piece of

en - ﬁve ecember 20 1 8 havin had sev ty , D , 79, g three r n b her rs marriae child e y ﬁ t g .

1 l harles u i h i u . R . ber C o e . A bo rn at ( ) A t H g L g t, L t , Aix in Provence Februar 26 1 8 died at ale a , y , 33 V tt ,

al aarch 1 8 . M t , M 5 , 5 9 2 H u o Shelle Li h aor 68th i h Infan ( ) g y g t, M j L g t try, aillao on Gen aMa1 8 bo rn t o 1 1 . H e was in V M j , , y , 34 the Crimean B urmese and aori wars and re i , , M , ce ved the Sebas o ol lma1 8 - and N Z . . medals . t p , A ( 5 4 5 H e died at ondon u us 6 1 8 havin marri i L , A g t , 93, g ed n 88 i ar are il 1 6 ss . Bae o f ashin on U. S A M M g t L y, W gt , . b whom he lef adau h er Florence delaEvai h y t g t , A L g t . Biancaar i h bo rn at the Casino Feroni (3) M y L g t, , ren e ber 22 1 8 She Flo c , Septem , 35 . ” of Under t he Red C ross an account of her F ranco- e x erien e as nurse durin the G rman ar of e p c s g w , Our merican ou ins and died at Fl r n e A C s o e c ,

Ma10 1 8 2 . y , 9 8 2 THE FOUNDER OI" ADELAIDE

and roduce ve blaf r eu o the s ttl rs and l to p g e e , all provisions and stores n ot n ecem ry for the survey were disembarked there and placed under

r r i rt the Stor e a f M . e o e e k e er with the ch g G lb , p , uar t em Th aforce of men to g d h . e wives of the colonists and the children were als o left

r w the surve s were ro cee in the e hile y p d g. It proved in the sequel most tmfortn nate that settlers should have been sent out to the colony

' without giving the surveying staﬂ suﬁ cien t time

sur e of the land as well as n ascan for eve ty v y , catal to ﬁx ajudicious site for the pi .

Kangaroo Island was found to be of little

was ar ain ae anumber value. It l e dy h bit d by ak n s whom the ars s e , y of wh le with om bl c Gi

’ the n b urin ainlan d had carried oﬂ from eigh o g m , e ere m l ca n s . ost and afew es ped co vict Th y w y an s ts of land “ n quiet men, h vi g po intellige t, al tl w eat with c ltivation growing it e h , under u ; aes for their s and r aes turnip , othe veget bl po t to , ” n and n L mme own consumptio , Colo el ight i w r nne i the diately offered them o k co cted w th all r d s set rs exploration . The tle we e delighte f aan n r n n his at an oppo rtunity o g i e te i g i to and one of of ze fe relations civili d li , the liamCo er w his as an an al rs one Wil op , ith T m i wh e , THE INSTRUCTIONS 83 na w f Sal and his two au rs na tive i e , d ghte med ” u in and u - r o f r a D mpl g Do gh boy, p oved g e t assistance to Colonel Light by acting as inter

r r wi ar n s f un p ete s th the bo igi e o the co try .

not r f r a n n n It did , the e o e, t ke lo g to co vi ce Colon el Light that Kangaroo Island was aplace only valuable on accoun t of the anchorage in

ne ar f e ean Bawh is surr un o p t o N p y, ich o ded

f r s A r n af r a r u with e tile oil. cco di gly, te tho o gh

' anan of s an f w his staﬂ ex mi tio the i l d, he le t ith f r faBa tr an d ﬁn as for o Hold st y , to y d ite the fu ur aal of un r ar n t e c pit the co t y, cco di g to the

n r i n s had r v on an n s u an i t ct o he ecei ed le vi g E gl d, before he should be embarras sed by the addition

f n r ran S s w c arr o ay othe emig t hip hi h might ive . It may be as well to give adigest of these

ns ru t n s r ar n c of the aa i t c io eg di g the hoice c pit l , which gave rise to so much dissension in the

ar as of n an d r e ly d y the colo y, embitte ed so

an fu s of ar r fﬁ as an p i lly the live the e lie o ci l , d

’ eventually proved the means of showing Light s

n ﬁ n s f- r an mag i ce t el eli ce . After having landed the settlers at Kangaroo

s an n was ns ru I l d, Colo el Light i t cted to proceed

am n as of an an to ex i e the co t the m i l d, except where the previous charts of Captain Flinders

FIRST VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY 8 5

uas w r n w r ar q y , e e combi ed ith the mo e vit l p o

- si ns . Sur r en raas f of vi o The veyo G e l, chie the e n was au n r n an xpeditio , c tio ed to p eve t y

s n w nas r ar colli io ith the tive , to eg d the wild ani as as r r r ur as w a m l thei p ope ty, to p ch e h t

n f r f s uras might be eeded o ood, to di co ge port in as u as ss an d in n a g m ch po ible, i h bited 1 d str s r n a r i ict to p eve t it ltogethe . Colon el Light left Nepean Bay on his voyage

of s r n 2 rd f m r di cove y o the 3 o Septe be . He sailed ﬁrst to abay which he named Rapid

’ Baan d u St n n s u f am n n y, p the . Vi ce t G l , ex i i g

ain a s n for aﬁn e har ur e ch let he c me to , eeki g bo

’ which appeared in Captai n Jones s description

f as s ar for w s o the co t, the e ch hich mi led him 2 ns ra His urnais an an d s co ide bly. Jo l ext t, give adetailed accoun t of his explorations along the

r s n o th f r wr s sho e . O the 3 o Septembe he ite , I was anxious to examin e the creek to the

eas ar in an wi un f n s tw d li e th Mo t Lo ty . I to thi I bent my course with the strong hope of ﬁndin g

it prove the mouth of some fresh- water stream

i n r Parl ame tary Repo t . 3 Bri f ournal o f the roceedin s of illiam i h e J P g W L g t, ” lae urve or - eneral of the rovince ofSou h us ralia t S y G P t A t , 1 8 arare book 39 . 86 TH E FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE fr un ains n r se of the tide om the mo t . O the i I re urne at - awhi h ein n o w at d to the h ch bo t, c , b g awe un r waand han now ﬁrll ﬂo t, got de y, vi g y persuaded myself that n o part of the harbour

‘ u aes r atain ones I co ld be th t d c ibed by C p J , r s on r urnin e ri n m aain e olved, et g to th b g, to g down the coast and see if by any chan ce we ” u a sse so s raas r co ld h ve mi d de i ble helte . So f w aul a a A ai he le t h t tim tely bec me Port del de, for the but ar r ur n time, l te et ned to it. O the

rst of er r r s R Octob he epo t , unning down the south coast (I)was en chanted with the exten t of

an the n r P s of un oft the pl i to o th ( we t) Mo t L y.

All the ass s f the w r i r u s gl e o ship e e n eq i ition.

At en s e n s n k u f l gth, e i g omethi g li e the mo th o asmall river (Glenelg Creek) and acountry with trees so dispersed as to allow the sight of

s in an u ur an r n un rn a d most l x i t g ee de e th, tood , an r in r and aaf fat ms in mud cho ed th ee h l ho , and sea- w e s au on e and aaf s fr e d , bo t h l mile om ” u o f r r an aar n r the mo th the ive . He l ded g de e na aws am n s and was sas med L to ex i e the oil, ti ” fied w hi r n a u ith s eport, he bei g good j dge . “ On n da r wr s the ext y (Octobe 4) he ite , I cannot express my delight at seeing n o boun ds afl f at o f fin un r w aun an o to e co t y, ith b d ce PRELIMINARY EXPLORATIONS 87

fr s - ar aons h if r in r e h w te l go , whic , d y summe , convinced me that we n eed not dig adeep well

an ufﬁ n su as r r to g i cie t pply . The little ive , too, ” was n r 1 th be r v deep . O the esol ed to go into

Ra Baand s n r an ar pid y, e t the b ig to K g oo

s an w r th C net han w arr I l d, he e e yg d o ived, to f as s s an - sur rs On 2nd of etch the i t t veyo . the

r his urnan nu s d Novembe Jo l co ti e , Divide the sur n ar n two Mr n n . s ha veyi g p ty i to , Ki g to ving the ar s r an M r r a d . l ge t p ty, Gilbe t with the greater part of the stores to embark on board

Raid f r fas Mr s o Ba. nn s the p Hold t y . B. T . Fi i , w n M r M r ram his ar n u . a . ith p ty, i cl di g J cob , Hi

r and rs r an at Ra Ba Mild id, othe to em i pid y, each party to make as many observation s as possible during my absence at Port Lincoln o r ” r 6th o f r the elsewhe e . On the Novembe

A ricaine arr at Ra Baan on ar f ived pid y, h vi g bo d

M r r n aS r ar M r r n . Gouge , the Colo i l ec et y, . B ow ,

r n nd n afﬁ rs an a a r . the emig tio ge t, othe colo i l o ce They were naturally an xious to know where

s u s an n u as they ho ld ettle, d Colo el Light co ld ( Port Lincoln was not yet reported on) only recommen d them to proceed to Holdfast Bay in an w w art did n the me time, hich the hole p y o

8 f v r w n the th o No embe , hen Colo el Light, with

THE ABORIGINES 89

s n of his ﬁ u i s vehicle show the mag itude dif c lt e .

All his sur s had n wan f rs s vey , owi g to the t o ho e ,

u c s or h es erf r n f b llo k , ve icl , to be p o med o oot, and all his tents and baggage to be transported

an - ru s —no n n n r ss by h d t ck co ve ie t p oce . He h s f wr u ha n s n ou im el ote, I o ght to ve bee e t t at as six n s f r an s h le t mo th be o e ybody el e, w ich would have given me time to settle emigrants ” n d s r s as arr a to e they ived . ’ An in teresting light thrown on Colonel Light s

’ n n tur is r r in Mr u r u ki dly ae epo ted . Go ge s So th Australiain When at Rapid Bay the exploring party ﬁrst came in con tact with the

Aus raala- f w ar n s and ur t li b ck ello bo igi e , the S

or- n raat n his uliar con vey Ge e l o ce, by pec ly ” ciliar ann r and r an ana to y m e mild t e tme t, m ged to attach closely to himself the tribe that ia

as saw r arr n habited th t pot. We them the e c yi g

r r s f r an and rw s fo him wood, eed o th tchi g, othe i e rendering such assistance as they could ; and

hi but at n w saw t s n r un s e hem leepi g o d ight, u uaand aart and a an e ch p y, white bl ck , h vi g m t l

nﬁ n deserved co de ce. 90 TH E FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

A CH PTER VII .

’ — Examination of Port Lincoln and Spencer s Gulf Both — found unsatisfactory Resolution to ﬁx o n Adelaide — as the chief town Arrival of Governo r Hindmarsh — ’ Inauguration ceremony The Governor s dis a i pproval of the s te.

EAVING s t rs at fas Baw r a L the et le Hold t y, he e

a of u s n s and r uses w r c mp h t , te t , eed ho e e f r e and u rd nasur n ar o m d, the s bo i te veyi g p ty

f r s n an n le t to explo e the urroundi g l d, Colo el

i on 2 h of r now sa L ght, the 7t Novembe , iled to Port Lincoln and the adjacent coasts to see if they were better suited for the capital

an s h n wi h th the pot he ad already see . Not t s an n n as ar f r ns ad t di g c city o fresh p ovisio , the “ fact that at Rapid Valley nin e labourers out of ﬁfteen are hardly able to do anything from

s r u s r s on r f and an s co b tic o e thei eet kle , he was na r r n th f r e bled to epo t o the 5 o Decembe , I am decidedly of opinion that this is no har ur for r an s s L n at as bo me ch t hip . o oki g it

ar for men- of- war ann n of po t , well m ed, ple ty FORT LINCOLN 9 1

as v c us an . is r w is aa d bo t , etc , it e y ell . It c p io ,

has n r un ut str n us s good holdi g g o d, b the o g g t

of win s ft n all r un ass r nd r d, hi i g o d the comp , e e the entran ce not altogether so safe as the plan ” f n ar n A s r n art o o w u a. it p pe o ld i dic te t o g p y,

w r af rwar r s in n w ho eve , te ds o e the colo y hich

u nauraavan as o f r n n pheld the t l d t ge Po t Li col , until the prosperity of Adelaide showed un

u n f s n q estio ably the superiority o it situatio .

in n and n n in r Colo el Light, ﬁ d g Po t L col

S n r u f unsasfar urn w all pe ce G l ti cto y, ret ed ith

as m n in mu r h te . The ti e ow lost ch ext a

aur and r f fr m ar a an l bo , the iv l o m y people o

n an a an us ﬁnd s m a E gl d, m de me xio to o e pl ce

a an ur as rs an d rs and to loc te the l d p ch e othe , fr v r an sw r fr s ars an d fr om e e y e om the e le , om the view I have had of the western coast (of

u f f n n s u n r ﬁnd the g l ), I elt co vi ced I ho ld eve anything more eligible than the neighbourhood o f fas Ba had ns r but n Hold t y. He co ide ed o ly to condemn on account of their dangerous

n r r n n un r Ba an s n n ad . e t ce , Po t Li col E co te y On the 1 8th of December he decided on the site 1 o f aaw r A la now s an s and the c pit l he e de ide t d ,

l iam IV The cai al b the x ress ish f Kin i l p t , y e p w o g W ” was named delaide af s n née rincess of A ter hi Quee , P

SITE OF THE CAPITAL FIXED 9 3

rs n ar six s of u fu ﬂ ra e aa at t ve ed ly mile be ti l , I arr v at the r r an d saw fr m h s ac n i ed ive , o t i o tinuation of the same plain for at least six more miles to the foot of the hills under Moun t

f w s r n n the seain Lo ty, hich height , t e di g to as u - w s r r c n w r r r na o th e te ly di e tio , e e the e te mi ted about four or ﬁve miles south of the camp

r un a fas Baaff r n an m ns g o d t Hold t y, o di g im e e plain of level an d advantageous groun d for

u an an s s ars for occ p tio . H vi g ettled ome m tte fu ur r c n s w Mr n s n f t e p o eedi g ith . Ki g to , I le t

and r urn r t 6 m a . . him et ed to the b ig p , to ” a rr n n s for na n m ke aageme t ﬁ lly leavi g the ship .

n 1 8th of r Mr u r wr s O the Decembe , . Go ge ite ,

’ on Colonel Light s arrival from Kangaroo “ s an at fas Ba is m ss for I l d Hold t y, It i po ible him to speak in more deprecating terms than

s of the an s aan r n n he doe l d dj ce t to Po t Li col , and of the n ran r ur s e t ce to the habo . Thi

n as n rs on of bei g the c e, he co side the positi the

f wn r in and has r f r re chie to dete m ed, the e o e

urn u f t n n w fu n n n t ed to G l S . Vi ce t ith the ll i te tio of making an accurate survey of the harbour ” and r r s n r f fas Ba ive eight mile o th o Hold t y.

On r 2 8th H M S B u alo w Decembe the , . . . f , ith the Governor and the Resident Commissioner o n 94 TH E FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

ar n r fas Baand fr bo d, e te ed Hold t y ; om the

C net aan s n R N . a . on ar yg C pt i Lip o , , c me bo d and presen ted aletter from Colonel Light to

v rn r n nf r an a the Go e o , givi g the i o m tio th t the

mo s su a s for n ew aawas i t it ble ite the c pit l , n

his o n n on as of u f t pi io , the e t G l S . Vincent. Colonel Light writes in his Joumal

D ec m r 2 e be 8tlz. m n n ar r Pitched y te t e M . ’ n s n s at s of r v r Ki g to the ide the i e . I heard of

’ the v rn r s arr aat o fas Ba Go e o iv l H ld t y, but,

an mu had no h vi g ch to do, t time to go down him to meet .

rn r hi s su and fa r The Gove o , ite, mily, howeve ,

w r r ar v d n s s at e e co di lly ecei e by the colo i t , the head of whom were the Colon ial Secretary and

u - Sur r Surr un n the Dep ty veyo . o ded by aescort

’ of ar n s at r rn in Mr m i e , eight o clock the Gove o , .

’ u s n w r c n r a r r n Go ger e ly e e ted te t, e d the O de s i

un w r a r s r n f Co cil, hich c e ted the B iti h P ovi ce o

u Aus raaand his own m ss n a So th t li , com i io s

rn r as w r n am n s r Gove o . The o th e e the d i i te ed

rn r an d r o n afﬁ rs to the Gove o the othe c lo i l o ce .

f r s had n n for n of A te thi bee do e, the be eﬁt the s rs who s o ar un nu r n aou wo ettle , t od o d, mbe i g b t t

un r in all r o f oun had h d ed , the Cle k the C cil them assembled under the shade of an old gum ’ THE GOVERNOR S HESITATION 9 5

r r aal u r laan an the t ee, e d o d the P oc m tio , d,

r s ﬂaan n s ar al sal u B iti h g h vi g bee hoi ted, oy te

w s r ar n s s ar ea-de aﬁ ed. The m i e di ch ged af

oie an d B u al o sau w f n uns j , the f l ted ith ﬁ tee g .

A l an aas s and s mn cold co l tio , loy l to t , the ole “ singing of God save the King concluded the

n u uran r n i ag tio ce emo y . But the presen t unanimity which the

rn r in his r n as ha Gove o , ce emo i l peech d hoped

wou n nu an fﬁ als was of s r ld co ti e mo g the o ci , ho t

uran s of A a was ﬁrs d tio . The ite del ide the t

r un of n n n rn r g o d co te tio . The Gove o , notwith standing the discretionary powers given to hi s

frien d the Surveyor- Gen eral by the South

Aus raan ss n rs and as t a t li Commi io e , l o h t the ultimate responsibility o f the choice of the new

’ aas s was r s w s s a c pit l ite to e t ith him, eem to h ve arrived in the colony burdened with the idea that the city should be in the n eighbourhood of

n un r Ba w s t ﬁ ar E co te y. He aarst app ently moderately well satisﬁed with the position of the capital ; for in his journal Colonel Light

n rs n r 0 His n the e te o Decembe 3 , Excelle cy

rn r arr at our a and we wa Gove o ived c mp, lked

r d s togethe that we might see the site I haelected . His Excellency expressed his sense of the beauty

’ TH E GOVERNOR S SU GGESTION S 97 har and had r aaar ars m, c e ted p ty dve e to the

s n s n sas wis w cho e ite . Colo el Light y ely ith r f r n r as ns a e e e ce to it, The e o th t led me to

ﬁ A a w r is not x del ide he e it , I do expect to be generally understoo d or calmly judged of at

n n s w r s u n prese t . My e emie , ho eve , by di p ti g

r a in r ar u ar a n thei v lidity eve y p tic l , h ve do e me the good service of ﬁxing the whole of the r n n am rf w n espo sibility upo me. I pe ectly illi g

ar an a to s r and n ot to be it, d I le ve it po te ity, to

w r am n ras them, to decide hethe I e titled to p i e 1 or blame and in his Journal puts forth a

’ defence of his opposition to the Governor s

n s w adue r ar objectio No , I did p y eg d to the su s n of e rn r fo r asu gge tio th Gove o , th t ggestion

aus ar ﬁrs s n c ed me to lte my t electio , much aans ran for we w r n an n a g i t the g i , e e o ly g i i g distance of one and ahalf miles over an nu in rru ain and for s sar ﬁ n te pted pl , thi c i ci g the

s au fu s n of un r r n mo t be ti l po itio the co t y. Du i g the few days that intervened previously to my

n n the an of n was in comme ci g pl the tow , I cessantly treated with some hints at my want of a in erf r an of u bility the p o m ce my d ty. One

n an am sai a ge tlem , I told, d th t he considered ” ref c t his B ief ournal P ae o r J . 98 TH E FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

himself aruined man through Colonel Torren s

an s f but t r u and t ahe d my el , chieﬂy h o gh me, h t would publish my proceedings in all the new s

ars ian an u a n r p pe E gl d. I co ld m ke o othe

r nf r an an s a u eply to my i o m t th thi , th t he wo ld be taking agreat deal of trouble and spendin g agreat deal of money to prove himself an ass ! The same gentleman said that the site of Adelaide was lower than the plain of Holdfast

Baand ar uin afr n f n sai y, , g g with ie d o mi e, he d that as to the river at Adelaide he could drain

r in afew urs w au w u it d y ho ith b cket. It o ld be long and by n o mean s entertain ing to relate all I heard about this time ; but my mind was

au fu r an n s n and m de p lly to the pe m e t ettleme t,

n r f anuar 1 8 r o o n the 3 d J y, 37 , I emoved my te t

un w r i n ar r to the gro d he e I m ght be e my wo k .

r s 1 1 of anuar was F om thi time to the th J y, I em

in n r r un an s n ployed looki g ove the g o d, d devi i g in my o wn mind the best method of laying out

wn ar n urs o f r r the to , cco di g to the co e the ive

n naur of r un was n ra ad t e the g o d . It ge e lly supposed that planning an d measuring out a thousand acres for acapital was so easy ajob

a wou in afew as an d th t it ld be completed d y , the disgrace heaped upon me again became TH E SURVEY COMMENCED 99 war A w m . nd this in anew country ith a

r n f r s of an r n s s ru s vi gi o e t m g ove, de e c b , thicket of warf wat u h - oaand r as n d t le, to gh s e k, eve l ti g gum to co ntend with The survey of Adelaide began on the 1 1 th of anuar 1 8 an d aan Sur r J y, 37, g i the veyo General met with con stant interference from the

o rn n his ar o e G ve or ad p ty . They bj cted to the

f s r s s a f width o the t eet , to the p ce o the open s uar s and ut an s as in waof q e , p m y ob t cle the y

his aw r . r w r legitim te o k He p oceeded, ho eve , to lay out the town o f Adelaide in the spacious mann er of whi ch all South Australian s are no w l r u in faof r as O s n so . p o d, the ce the g e te t ppo itio This Opposition became serious when the

niaS r ar an rn r Colo l ec et y, comm ded by the Gove o , who declared that un less ﬁve hundred acres

“ delaide was laid out wi h erfec re lari A t p t gu ty . The main s ree s bein s rai h and arallel and the t t g t g t p , n s e uall so Be ween ever cross o e q y . t y two of the latter o in the former the in ermediae a cr ss g , t t sp ce is divided in o blocks of six or ei h double sec ions abu in t g t t , tt g on h r and each sec ion on is s of an a a each o e c s cre erf t , t t , p ect f course abo ven ards uare o u se 9. side . In sq , , t ty y the centre of the city are observed two hun dred acres for a ark and all round the ci awid h of abou ﬁve hundred p , ty t t ards to form abeau iful drive of abou seven miles like y t t , a — a B ule r s f aris u rterl Review 1 8 1 . the o v d o P . Q y , 4

" Tri s. OTgosITION

as u ro ation w ic the a h : He l o q oted the pp o h h

rn r h s te Gove o ad bestowed on the i .

delaide F eb uar 18 . A , r y 9, 37

ar ur t r ae I h ve eceived yo let e , d t d

6th ins an w am of a r fr the t t, ith m lette om

n a r ar s an t aHis the Colo i l Sec et y, t ti g h t Excel leney the Governor considers it n ecessary that I should report to the Colon ial Govern ment forthwith what steps have been adOpted to ascertain the capabilities of the country now

r aaf r un sur an as de vey, etc. , etc. , d l o, th t te my

’ report of the Harbour- master s opinion that he w u ain B aalo s His en o ld t ke the f , till Excell cy does not feel himself sufﬁciently warranted to proclaim the same aport without adetailed

an n ai f r him pl bei g l d be o e . I beg in my reply to state that this plan I

n in rs ns an u co ceive, the ﬁ t i t ce, it to be the d ty of ar uras r anot n caus the H bo m te to m ke, o ly be e

i r s a h n his r n but it s mo e e peci lly wit i p ovi ce, because it is impossible for me to attend to the survey of the town and harbour at the same time . The steps taken to ascertain the capabilities 102 TH E F E C "ADE AI E OUND R. t! L D

of the bountrymp lv Ilnder survey are the results ' o o s rvat ns i in ar s n g f ym ob e io , wh ch, comp i o ar s ase n of t s as p t I h ve e hi co t,

are s u r r s so the ans in o s pe io , the oil good, pl i

an ur so ns and the immedi te eighbo hood exte ive, the proximity of aplentiful supply of excellent

fr s wat r all ar r un r a e h e the ye o d, the p ob bility also of on e of the plain s extending as far as the

urraR n fr r r r ar w M y ive , o ve y e it, hich om the termination of the moun tain s in the plains at

r as an a r r as n the g e t di t ce they do, I h ve eve y e o

n s - al in to expect, the excelle t heep w ks the

n ur an as un an eighbo hood, d the e y comm ic tio with the harbour over adead ﬂat of about six

s and as au of un r s mile , l o the be ty the co t y the e

s u a f u object , to my mind, co ld dmit o no do bt

of its aa s f r aa c p bilitie o ac pit l. The relative position of the town is about N E. . or N E of r t . by N . . the mouth of the rive a

fas Baand ar f A a Hold t y, the h bour rom del ide

is au six W n s N . r bo t mile . by W. ealy.

A r r run fr n f wn ive s close by the o t o the to ,

h in can anaa if su waich time be m de vig ble, ch n n ssar for su s s as thi g be ece y, ch hip come

now ar r an n to the h bou , d co nected with the

har ur eans of aanain th an bo by m c l ; e me time , DEF ENCE OF THE SITE 1 03 the plain between the town and the harbour is s r a o and s u f r h n an level de tit te o eve y i d ce, th t carriages of every descripti on can at once be drawn without even the trouble of making a

n r aand n n wan is commo o d, the o ly thi g ted to cons truct atemporary wo oden bridge over the r r at wn or r as al f ai ive the to , pe h p h m le fr om it.

ar ur is an d saf in r win The h bo good e eve y d, and the entrance on ly wants buoying down to make it easy for ships drawing ﬁfteen or sixteen f of war and in for s s o f r eet te , time hip mo e

r d aught. There is agreat scarcity of fresh water at the ar ur w is r n ar as n f r h bo , hich the p i cip l e o o n ot ﬁxing on that as the site o f the capital ; but in war ma n in s o r time te y be co veyed pipe , the

anaif cut w u su and as s n as c l, , o ld pply it ; oo any waggon o r other carriages are established

w n A e a an ar ur war ma bet ee d l ide d the h bo , te y

s n wn r mo rn n and sa be e t do eve y i g, the me

s r urn w s in af rn n vehicle et ith good the te oo . I

n n s as r s n an s for as me tio thi the p e e t me , the colony advances the communication will im

r p ove . I have n ow further to state that the site of

APPROVAL OF THE SITE 1 05 consider it necessary to make any further reports of the steps that had been adopted to ascertain the capabilities of the country now under

ur s vey.

r r add a a f rr I beg, mo eove , to th t I h ve de e ed s n n in an ans of un r or ar ur e di g y pl the co t y h bo , un til such time as accurate ones ﬁt for public ins n can rawn for w r has pectio be d , hich the e

n not been sufﬁcient time or other convenie ce, but they are proceeding with all possible

s a de p tch.

a n ur I h ve the ho o to be, r u s r an You obedient h mble e v t, T WILLIAM LIGH ,

- Surveyor General . ” the Hon . . s r. To J H . Fi he

The reading of this forcibly expressed letter

r u f r ar an an n Dr. b o ght o w d me dme t, moved by

r an s n - ur e r W ight d eco ded by the Deputy S v yo ,

Mr. n s n ar n of Sur r Ki g to , pp ovi g the veyo ’ n ras s n f n ar us r un s Ge e l electio o the site o v io g o d , the chief of which were that it was acen tral

n in r n ur of poi t the p ovince, in the eighbo hood asaf and r a ar ur aun an of e imp ov ble h bo , b d ce fr s ar on s an d of an and e h w te the pot, good l d 106 THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

as urain n t s w r p t ge the vici i y. The vote e e

an r r s n an of an r rs an d t ke by ep e e t tio l d o de , t r for an n 2 1 8 and aains he e voted the me dme t , g t

’ 1 2 so a n s s n was it 7, th t Colo el Light electio

M r n r wn the u 1 s . pheld by 9 vote . Joh B o ,

i r an s n Mr n an . em g tio ge t, eco ded by Joh

r t n a n Mo phet , the moved, Th t the meeti g

ns rs ha ur r- n ra i a co ide t t the S veyo Ge e l, W lli m

Es . has s a an u us dis Light, q , mo t bly d j dicio ly charged the responsible duty assigned to him

ss n rs and is fu n by the Commi io e , lly e titled to — their conﬁdence in every respect aresolution w i was arr unan us urv r h ch c ied imo ly. The S eyo

’ n ras r u was au is Ge e l t i mph complete, ltho gh it n ot evident that he would have yielded had the 1 r su n ff r n and rn r who had e lt bee di e e t, the Gove o , aa u Aus raan ss n rs ppe led to the So th t li Commi io e , received the chillin g reply that when he applied for the ofﬁce of Govern or he was distinctly informed that the right of selecting the capital ” u s s in r- n ra wo ld be ve ted olely the Surveyo Ge e l, and that n o interference with the ofﬁcer appointed

u sur s wa him to exec te the vey s permitted .

’ Rusden s is alia H tory of Austr . A CH PTER VIII . — — The surveys Report home Dinner to Colonel Light — — His survey diﬁ culties Explorations End of 1 837 — — Resignation of Colonel Light His refusal to

resume Government survey work .

THE hindered surveys of the town were slowly

r w but aus as aus p oceeded ith, the vex tio del y c ed

uarr s as s and the au of by the q el to the ite, p city

‘ sur n staﬂ an of su r nas of the veyi g , m y the bo di te w ha n a n ss n rs hom d bee ppoi ted by the Commi io e , a u u an sufﬁ n ran n a ltho gh witho t y cie t t i i g, g ve

r rise to much dissatisfaction . They we e com

leted au r oth of ar and an p bo t the M ch, the pl of the town mapped out and exhibited for 1 u n s n ar n n n p blic i pectio . The ppo tio me t the

an Sur r- en raand R s n beg , the veyo G e l the e ide t

’ ” ains n s ou h u ralia which con Stephe S t A st , t ’ ” h s lan of the i o f delaide as Colonel Lig t P C ty A , o and a w ell as an in eres in earl view f the own t t g y t , i Bab him H e ublished sketch of Rap d y y . p A ” onome rical Surve of delaide and also iew s Trig t y A , V of delaide Smi h Elder A ( t ,

DIN NER To COLON EL LIGHT 1 09

f n out the Rapid to convey the bearers o it . O

n 1 8 Rad an the sth of Ju e, 37 , the pi , comm ded

f r n an nan . sa o by Lieute t W Field, iled E gl d,

- arr n w her u Sur r Mr. c yi g ith the Dep ty veyo , l n n ho was la sur r r s Ki gsto , w to y the vey epo t and ans f r the ssi n rs an d pl be o e Commi o e , impress on them the necessity for alarger On the sth of Jun e adinner was given by a

n n s s un r ar n and hu dred twe ty colo i t , de the ch i

f Mr r in n r f anshi o . u o n m p Mo phett, ho o Colo el

an d Seat]: A us tr alian r r n Light ; the , epo ti g it,

n as rr n r ou an r r b oke t i to ti i g p egy ic, exp essing

r s for him as aman and r thei e teem , thei ” airan for as an fﬁ r r c un n dm tio him o ce , e o ti g

s and r ns his fﬁ u s s an an di c ltie e po ibilitie , d ddi g, He has given us aspot and aplan for a ” ai aof w we ma us r u c p t l hich y be j tly p o d.

aa an r w al u The c pit l beg to g o , tho gh the appearance of the dwellings of the ﬁrst settlers ” r sin u ar was an r f was ve y g l . The ll d oo s of the

uses wer ns ru ar us — of mud an ho e co t cted v io ly , d

rass rus s rus w ar and red ar g , he , b h ood, m l, e th,

n r f r un r to the umbe o th ee h d ed. Government

1 Mr in s on afterwards became rs S eaker o . K g t ﬁ t p f the i aiv ssembl of Sou h us ralia Leg sl t e A y t A t . He was

in 1 8 0 and s ived un il 1881 . knighted 7 , urv t I IO THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

us Mr. u r es ri in u 1 8 8 as Ho e Go ge d c bed, J ly, 3 ,

s n f r r s w w r consi ti g o th ee oom , hich e e built by the seamen of the B uf al o (who forgot at ﬁrst

ut in aﬁr a of as an d mud an to p epl ce) l th , d

w r s n u thatched ith eed . The o ly p blic buildin gs of r an w r ur w impo t ce e e the ch ch, hich does

of ar s rs credit to the piety the e ly ettle , the

’ an fﬁ and Sur r- n ras fﬁ L d o ce, the veyo Ge e l o ce,

w i w r r at s and l if h ch e e e ected little co t, wi l, n ssar as for ars u of a ece y, l t ye ; b ilt de l, w arar an n w n and are e the bo ded, d li ed ithi , spacious and comfortable the others were all

' f a rar naur S l ir n eﬂcott o tempo y t e . til , S Joh J ,

’ an n n of Sur r- n ral s an oppo e t the veyo Ge e pl ,

was a wr s of his ble to ite home, The ite t

n n w r now wr — iaan i cipie t city, he e I ite te t, be

sa— is s au ful and s u i it id mo t be ti , look q ite l ke

an n s ar n can ﬁn r h n E gli h p k . Nothi g be e t a the rich pastures spread over the lan d in all

r ns r are n ow r di ectio . The e located he e between

w and rt n un r who ar t elve thi ee h d ed people, e

s ar r an of A a in n s c tte ed ove the pl i del ide, te t ,

u s and w n us s assur ou ar h t , oode ho e ; I e y , ve y

r s u r u a w w pictu e q e g o p. The vidity ith hich the

an in wn ns s n of a usan ar s l d the to , co i ti g tho d c e

f h w t au n in s o one ar a as u u a lot c e e c , bo ght p ctio TH E COUNTRY SURVEYS I l I

t o as r ar f n fr in w d y , eve y c e etchi g om £7 to

1 0 sas s of n uasu ss of £ , ti ﬁe me the eve t l cce the ” c olony . Now that Colonel Light had established the

aa as n us f rwar sur c pit l, he h te ed to p h o d the vey — of the country awan t which was being more and more severely felt as the settlers were

in r a fﬁ u s w r in his wa pouring . G e t di c ltie e e y. Most of the survey journeys had to be performed

rans r s n in on foot. The t po t vehicle belo g g to

s aff w r r nsufﬁ i n an the survey t e e ext emely i c e t, d were very frequently diverted from the survey to the use of the colonists to help to bring goods

fas Ba A a an d men of from Hold t y to del ide, the

r as w amu r u n the su vey ell g ve ch t o ble, owi g to

e s ar of r nan rans th c city thei cove ted tio . The

r n rawr s was r as na Surveyo Ge e l ite , It e o ble to expect that on the completion of the town the survey of the coun try sections would

n but s our s r comme ce, by thi time u vey

' r rs ha adiﬂeren t set labou e d become . The

ns an aun s and r n s of new- rs co t t t t jee i g the come ,

u n t w r s n r u an ff who wo ld o o k, oo p od ced e ect

s and al aa n al o them o, they gl d y v iled them selves Of the least defalcation in rations to strike

r s m sf a a f m r wo k . Thi i ortune bec me d ily o o e

EXPLORATION DIFFICULTIES I I 3

s and s m s n h Had h r but u ot a. bi c it, o etime t t t e e

- n n fﬁ u t m n we u n t bee o di c l y with the e , co ld o

ha a aar fr wn as not a ve det ched p ty om the to ,

u h d n s w r single bullock co ld be a. The te t e e

all in use ran s who had no r ans by emig t , othe me

’ of subsisting than from the Commissioners

st r s and r an n ar of w o e , the em i i g p t the t elve ’ months stores purchased in England for the

use f sur an w r now s ar all o the vey lo e e e h ed by .

u an r u r s but n H m ity eq i ed thi , the co sequence was acessation of work an d apparent neglect

f u n ar of Sur r- n raf r o d ty o the p t the veyo Ge e l, o

w of urs h r w r an u r a hich, co e, t e e e e m y q ite e dy ” m n u aus hi . a w r n to b e Eve t lly, ho eve , Colo el

was able in A r s aaar Light , p il, to de p tch p ty

r r nn ss sur unde M . Fi i to vey the western side

of A a w rr ns on his r w del ide, ith the To e ight, hile he himself began on the eastern side of the

r r rans n ive . The explo tio exte ded to the Mudla

rra r s s r of r rs ara Wi Fo e t, the di cove y the ive P

and as w l as n a Light, e l the Ly doch V lley,

a a and ar un aan n H ppy V lley, No l g , d i cluded the

s n f r ar n de ig s o p ojected caal .

n 1 of un of same ar n O the 4th J e the ye , Colo el

Mr. . . s r the m ss n r f Light, J H Fi he , Co mi io e o wn an s w ar r L se an r ral and C o d , ith ge t, co po , 1 14 TH E FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

uar of n ar nes fr B u alo and g d eleve m i om the f , 1 Mr S n a as u s ar fr . tephe H ck g ide, t ted om Glenelg on the sth of June for the ﬁrst Govem

n d n n us A t n me t expe itio i to the b h. t empti g to r a n un r Bafr A a r an e ch E co te y om del ide ove l d,

r e an n u r n an the ar ae d aft r gu d p ov d e c mb c , , e disturbing the party by mis taking the cries of

f r aan n nas ar w r Dingoes o dv ci g tive , the le de s e e glad to get them sent back on the 1 9th to the

as w r r s lain fas Ba co t, he e thei hip y Hold t y. The exploring party were al so detained by the

n ss of r rau u s t r a wild e thei d ght b llock , bu e ched

f of ran s w r un an w the oot the ge , he e Will g o s an s and n as f ar fur r t d ; the ce, they e ed the advance amongst the wild blacks without a “ ar r urn s t n . gu d, they et ed to the et leme t The year 1 837 closed with two importan t

n s ﬁrs was uarr w n eve t . The t the q el bet ee the

rn r an d R s n ss n r wh c Gove o the e ide t Commi io e , i h

r e the w c n an d r u on emb oil d hole olo y, it b o ght

n f M r u r n sus s n . a the pe io o Go ge , the Colo i l

M r u r ha n n f r r d e o Sec etay. . Go ge bee o the

B er of ohn Bar on ack one f th ion r roth J t H , o e p ee s who ﬁrs t took out aspecial survey of land at Little Para and the hree Bro hers near Echun a. T t , g ’ ” s Ex ri n e B ull pe e c s . E FC E 1 1 SIR J. J F OTT DROWN D 5

f f f n r f n chie supports o the ou de s o the colo y, an d on his ar ur c f n s s n u dep t e the hie colo i t , i cl d in Sur r- n raar ss a r of g the veyo Ge e l, dd e ed lette r r n rr n s charman of eg et to Colo el To e , the i the

ar of m ss n rs Bo d Co mi io e .

s n r a n w mu h The eco d impo t nt eve t, hich did c to vindicate the selection of Adelaide as the

aaand r n s s was c pit l, to ivet the colo i t to it, the

‘ r wn n of ir n eﬂcott u on d o i g S Joh J the J dge, the 1 2 th f r w n r n w aan o Decembe , he t yi g ith C pt i Blenkin sop to prove the safety of the harbour of

n n r h n r n n E cou te Bay. He ad bee ast ong Oppo e t

Of s of A a and had to the choice the ite del ide, always been awarm advocate of the capital

n a at nc un r Ba w r bei g pl ced E o te y, he e he ultimately was unfortunate en ough to meet his death. The Governor despatched aformal complain t to the South Australian Commissioners about

aof sur s and as aun r as the del y the vey , co te bl t

s n s s s n hr an to thi , the colo i t e t home t ee compl i ts

aan s rn r one f w waa g i t the Gove o , o hich s th t he had asecond time been the cause of hin dering the progress of the surveys by interfering with his u n afr n the Sur r n ra q o d m ie d, veyo Ge e l . Colonel Light continued to do his best to push

RESIGNATION OF COLONEL LIGHT 1 1 7 w f his s aff n r r n hole o t , excepti g th ee ece tly a n fr n an n r his r s na ppoi ted om E gl d, te de ed e ig

2n f ne man w w tion on the d o July. O y k o hat so as had it cost him to do , he complete

had in s f n t a o a k owledge h t he , pite vex tious in terference and incalculable difﬁculties from

n f s of his un r n s n the inefﬁcie cy o ome de li g , do e all u in his oﬂice an d had r r he co ld , , mo eove , supreme faith in the future of the n ew colony

h f un un which he ad helped to o d. The expected an of ss n rs i ctio the Commi io e , which l mited him to acertain distasteful method of surveying — under aspecial agreement in the survey one hundred and ﬁfty square miles of land in three

’ n s — fan w his ar u n s n mo th time ili g hich, g me t bei g

un ar M r. n s n was s n ac fr he d, Ki g to e t b k om

n an su rs f u E gl d to pe ede him, le t him, he tho ght,

no n uraarna ho o ble lte tive . It is safest to rely upon the South Australian

’ Commissioners Parliamen tary Report for the causes which made this step inevitable to one

who i n ha nﬁ , l ke Colo el Light, d co dence in the

re u of his s n ctit de po itio .

miss n rs in r 1 8 te The Com io e , Novembe , 37,

ceived the an of M r n s n by h d . Ki g to , the

u - Sur r r rts n in Dep ty veyo , the epo , se t home the 1 1 8 THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

Rapid from both Light and the Resident Com

m s s n r narran arr ar of sur s i io e , ti g the e the vey , and praying for agreat increase i n the number

of fﬁ n sur rs sur e cie t veyo to complete the vey .

s an a un an u Thi dem d c me expectedly, d p t ss n rs in s n of a ma the Commi io e omethi g dilem .

w r n n in n w s They e e co ﬁde t Colo el Light, ho e

n u in the n f un had won co d ct colo y, they o d, the esteem even of those on whom the tardy ” r r ss of his sur s had afﬂ ss an p og e vey icted lo , d

add furt rm r we f a u they , he o e, elt th t m ch credit was due to Colon el Light for the mann er in which he resisted the subsequent attempts to un settle the colony by removing the capital ; an d we considered that due allowance should be made for the anxiety and distraction pro duced by the in cessan t an d virulent attacks to

was s F r araz n which he expo ed . o the p ly i g in ﬂuen ce o f these causes Colonel Light could ” n f r r s n s f ar t a . o i ly be held e po ible They e ed,

w r ur n n w t the ho eve , to b de the colo y i h ex

' staﬂ ur r- n ra an pensive the S veyo Ge e l dem ded, and they hit upon the plan of callin g on him to ” effect arun n ing survey of one hundred and

’ s uar m s in r m n s ﬁfty q e ile th ee o th time . Should

o n r fus his au r was Col el Light e e, tho ity to be ’ THE COMMISSIONERS ACTION 1 1 9 f r sus n d o the time pe de , the execution of the

sur was nﬁ M r n vey to be co ded to . Kingsto ,

and was r an n Light to be employed, et i i g his

fu saar in sur n s n ar s s and in ll l y, veyi g eco d y ite

completin g the explorations of the coast- line

and of aA xan r na a as L ke le d i . They dopted, l o, the precaution of taking from the unwilling

Mr n s n in s f hi r s s a . Ki g to , pite o s p ote t , written declaration that he would undertake

’ the survey in the event of Colonel Light s

nin decli g . This most unpleasant position was forced on

n n and ar an ar R r M r. Ki gsto , the P li me t y epo t

s a s as n w s and n n ns e peci lly t te , ot ith t i g the opi io

’ rs a n a had the Commissione ctio evoked, th t he acted towards his superior with scrupulous ” n ur u n s on s s are ho o . The doc me t both ide

f r ﬁt l n r u r n n there o e ting y i t od ced he e, bei g o both sides too characteristic and full of interest

t and s w un raus to be omit ed, they ho the g cio treatment which the Surveyor- Gen eral received

’ at ss n rs an s at a n the Commi io e h d time whe , after all his iﬁ ti s his n r s w r en d cul e , e e gie e e f s as and his n in as ae o f eebled by di e e, mi d t t n ervous irritability from the harassin g and vexatious opposition which he had to encounter

’ COLONEL LIGHT S REF USAL aae aa n n A f tt ch d to th t ppoi tme t. copy o this was thereupon sent by the recipient to

n asu ns n of his u s Colo el Light, with spe io d tie sh u n n o ld the co ditions ot be accepted. Colonel

at n r n z r of un Light o ce eplied o the st J e, I am allowed one week to consider whether I will undertake arunn in g survey of one hun dred and ﬁfty square miles on the conditions laid down in rs Of Mr R w an l Mr n s n lette . o l d Hi l to . Ki g to ,

a r oth an d 2 th of anuar s In r a. d ted 4 J y l t eply , I beg to state I do not require one week to

n s ar but saat n co ider this m tte , y o ce I will not do and s s and n n an ua it, de pi e co tem the l g ge ” M r f r wr n us . ur a ed by Hill. He the ote, whe proposal to continue his salary and to retain

in sur w r at an Bawas a him vey o k Nepe y m de,

r aMr an masa I beg to eply th t . Rowl d Hill y ve the Commissioners the expense of my salary

er annu for n v r ta ﬁ c p m), I will e e ke o e ” un r su n su in n n r de ch i lt g co ditio s. The Surveyo

’ ’ n ras ar was an his w staﬂ an Ge e l p t t ke by hole , d as n s s wh r l o by the colo i t , o we e voiced in the

Seat u t /rem A s ralian of th f u r the 7 o J ly, whe e

an ar s is sa du n the le di g ticle y , It e to Colo el

and r fﬁc rs f Light the othe o e o the survey,

M r ss on rs . n s n an the Commi i e , Ki g to , d the 1 22 THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

ef re the ui sit n colonists , b o y q etly dow to deplore the loss of the splendid ability of such an n ual as n i u i divid Colo el L ght, they o ght to

ar w aan d w ass is cle ly to h t, to hom, th t lo ar u a The w tt ib t ble. hole effect of this injurious an d absurd scheme would have been avoided had the Commissioners entrusted their own with the conﬁdence to which by his ” itiOn h was n 1 POS e e titled.

Parliamentary Report. A R I! CH PTE .

’ Governor Hindmarsh s departure Non- payment of s urve — aain ur —Governor Gawler— i h y C pt St t L g t, Finniss and Com an —Illness of C lonel i h , p y o L g t — Burning of his Journal Death and funeral of Colonel i h — onumen s and e — i n L g t M t m morials Conclus o .

TO r urn a n s ra n 1 th et to the dmi i t tors . O the 4 of July Governor Hindmarsh left in the Alligator

for n an h d E gl d . He abeen recalled by the

m ss n rs on r un a Co mi io e the g o d th t, with the

t n of u an ar uras r excep io the J dge d H bo m te , he is more or less at variance with all the ofﬁcial

fun i nar s of n w r n n ct o ie the colo y, hethe belo gi g

rn n n to the Gove me t or the Commissio . Although all authorities con cur in praising his

r a arar his a n s ran fr a p iv te ch cte , dmi i t tio , om

ar of s un f r una r u s an s can v iety the e o t te ci c m t ce , 1 not sa a n su ssfu be id to h ve bee cce l . The

n was n in an colo y deeply i volved debt, d the ’ quarter s salaries of the ofﬁcials due on the

H e was made K H became Governor of eli oland . H g , and died in 1 860.

GOVERNOR GAWLER 1 2 5 and f r r ass s an a a now of o me i t t, Willi m J cob (

M oorooroo wr s at s m au his ), he ite thi ti e bo t

‘ n aﬂairs was n r san u n on an mo ey , I eve g i e y

n but on e an d awas of poi t , th t the eligibility 1 the site for Adelaide ; in that I was always conﬁ

n but in own affars n r. a n so de t, my i eve I h ve bee

n ac us an - wa ar un lo g c tomed to m ki g lee y, th t o d ing any Cape of Good Fortune never enters my

a. n w s is as and a he d My o ly i h to die e y, h ve something for the support of those who have ” e r e s s r f r xe t d them elve alittle towads my com o t .

new rn r r aw r The Gove o , Colonel Geo ge G le ,

K. H . aof zu nfan r aaan , l te the 5 d Light I t y, g ll t Omcer who had showed his valour both in the

n nsu aand at a of ar arr Pe i l the b ttle W te loo, ived

’ in South Australiain Captain Hin dmarsh s place

in r an as s w fﬁ ul s fr Octobe , d w be et ith di c tie om

of his arr a f un an the time iv l . He o d empty

r ar n n su a u t e y, he vy p blic debt the colo y i deed

s ur in ut r s and S r mo t ﬂo ish g, b p ice high, the pi it

of unr s r r wr af r n e t eve ywhe e . He ote o t ight

af r an n sur s are ae r un te l di g, The vey ltog the

ua r an is eq l to the demand fo l d. It my

He writes also he felt the well -being of thousan ds might in agreat degree depen d upon the correctness ” of his decisions. 1 26 THE FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

n n n w ns n of m ss n rs i te tio , ith the co e t the Co mi io e , to put on every surveyor that I can un til the ” sur s u r n ar u an vey come p o e ly p to the dem d . He attempted to persuade Colon el Light to r ns r his s n an r su eco ide deci io , d to e me the oﬂic of ur r- n ra n s r e S veyo Ge e l, co ide ing him to

s su a rs n his of be the mo t it ble pe o , method surveying having been approved of by an over whelming vote at apublic meeting at Adelaide ; an d n ot only was this conﬁdently hoped for in

n but a n r r n the colo y, petitio to the Gove no o

u w n r nd the s bject as co templated . Weaied a broken down by work and by what he con si r un s r n us w r de ed de e ved i j tice, Light, ho eve ,

n aan au r ns f fﬁ decli ed g i to t ke p the ei o o ce , and the rn r af r an tr n u Gove o , te del yi g to y to i d ce

n s n at n s his w as a him to co e t, le gth, eeing e k t te

f a his u s aan Stur ’ a . o he lth, deleg ted d tie to C pt i t

n now fr fr his u Colo el Light, eed om p blic

s n n re u 1 8 8 n ar n r po itio , e te d (J ly 3, 3 ) i to p t e

w Mr rars nn ss a ship ith . Boyle T ve Fi i , l te

’ ul 1 8 8 Hawker s Earl Ex erience s J y 9, 3 ( y p 3 Th salar was raised ho ever to 00 100 mo re e y , w , £5 , £ han Colo nel i h had en o ed it havin been found t L g t j y , g , by the committee appo inted to inquire into the questio n of salari s hait as im ossible for aman and his e , t t w p

s v l v s 2d . in he col n . er ant to i e under £444 7 . t o y G FI I AND . 1 2 LI HT, NN SS co 7

l u nan 8 2nd R n and f r r As lie te t egime t, o me

istant- ur r nr n a i u n an s S veyo ; He y Nixo , l te l e te t

6th R n Mr. aa a 9 egime t ; Willi m J cob , both l te

Ass s an - ur rs and Mr R r a i t t S veyo . obe t S. Thom s as rau s an of sur un r the d ght m the vey, de the st f nn ss an d an as yle o Light, Fi i , Comp y,

n an an s ﬁr un r surveyors ad l d ge t . The m de took to negotiate all busin ess conn ected with

n of an an d an in n the selectio ge cy l d the colo y, and Open ed an ofﬁce in awooden building in

’ n aw r ransa u n Stephe s Pl ce, he e they t cted b si ess . Among other things in his n ew sphere of useful

n un r sur of n es s, Colo el Light de took the vey the

f n f r r n ai o o M . . nd n 1 8 town Gle elg W Fi ke ; 39,

ar n w rn r ar a by g eeme t ith Gove o G wle , he m de,

n af of ar ur Sur an a o beh l the H bo vey Comp y,

r su f r R r ass s tho ough rvey o the Po t ive , i ted by

M r a n who s un n s an . S. H milto , took the o di g , d

r A Burslam as rau s an M . by . H . d ght m . The

rn n ri Raid un r an Gove me t b g p , de the comm d

f u N as o nan R . w aai n hi . ut at s Lie te t Field, , g p

s safor ur s and s sur aar di po l the p po e, thi vey ppe s

B . Finnis d r inall . s hao i been in the 6th e t T g y s R g .

H e sold his commission in the 82nd e . in 1 8 R gt 35 . H e became laer in 8 2 olonial e a 1 C S cret r and in 1 t , 5 , y, 85 6 rs remier f Sou h s raliaH o u . e di d a i ﬁ t P t A t e , ged e ghty six cem r 2 1 8 , De be 5 , 93.

THE BURNING OF TH E JOURNAL 1 29

r Aus raan His fr n s w r than any othe t li . ie d e e

an an d his an n s was u s u m y, comp io hip m ch o ght after for his gentleman ly deportment an d ” f arar and was r a nobility o ch cte , he g e tly respected also on account of his widespread

arn n fas nan an n rs an d m r le i g, ci ti g m e , the emo y

f h s f r r av n ur us areer I h o i o me d e t o c . n t e

nn n of 1 8 r w wa begi i g 39, howeve , hile he s preparing his Journal for publication (afragment

n of w was r n in 1 8 A o ly hich p i ted 39 by .

MacDou al of Run r A a g dle St eet, del ide he

r c as unn n w r e eived t i g blo , th ough the destruction

of r as of his l f the memo i l i e. When Light retired from the position of

Sur r- n ra had f s as s of veyo Ge e l, he le t ome c e

ars for saf t in sur oﬂi ce aw n p pe e y the vey , oode

us w aac r f w was s tua ho e ith th t hed oo , hich i ted

n x fﬁ f n ss n r n e t the o ce o the Reside t Commi io e , o the banks of the Torrens and close to Thebar

ton . On 2 2nd of anuar 1 8 ar aﬁr the J y, 39, g e t e

r out in A a nsu b oke del ide. It co med these two

u in s as w as rn n us w b ild g , ell Gove me t Ho e, hich was u of na n and ﬁre ra b ilt tive pi e, the ged with

Un der the title of Brief Journal of the Proceedings of illiam i h ve r- en raf W L g t, Sur yo G e l o the Province of ” Sou h ustralia. It as been alread much uo t A h y q ted . K 1 30 TH E FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

f r conﬂaration was su s great u y . The g ppo ed to

r of amad n n ar and aus be the wo k i ce di y, it c ed an incalculable loss to the colon y by the destruction of the great majority of the docu

n s nn w its f un an and sur me t co ected ith o d tio vey,

w r s r r s although some e e aved at g eat i k . To

on was aar r afor Col el Light it he tb e k, the

urna had fo r r ars his Jo ls he kept thi ty ye ,

x r n s in ur rran an e pe ie ce T key, Egypt, the Medite e , ” an d on the a s of S an as w as his b ttleﬁeld p i , ell

an s an d s s all er s in a pl ketche , p i hed the ﬂ mes, leaving hardly any evidences of his car eer except the small portion of his Journal which he had

n f r una n u r s f r r n n bee o t te e o gh to evi e o p i ti g, and the letters an d pictures he had left with his

r s in ur f ss r elative E ope . He elt the lo ve y

an d his ln ss was r aa era deeply , il e g e tly ccel ted

rs n as r ss aus by the pe o l di t e it c ed .

in r all ar ar f l He l ge ed the ye , c e ul y tended by

his fr n s but ra r w n w rs an n ie d , pidly g o i g o e, d whe l n Frome his suc r i h Colo el , cesso n t e oﬂi ce of

Sur r- n rav s him in r at veyo Ge e l , i ited Octobe

m R . m C olonel F ro e E. arried ane seco nd dau h , , J , g ter o f xand r W le e . Li h o f L tiscar Canadao f A g t, y y, , the

fam l o f Balak D - i e o rset. H e was ieu enan t o ve y g , L t G rn o r

o f rnse 1 86 - Gue y, 9 74 . DEATH OF COLONEL LIGHT 1 31

art n us r s n w had Theb o Ho e, the e ide ce hich he

a n s c n nu r on built o n his own llotme t, e tio mbe e,

' an d which he had named after his early Suﬂolk

f un ar a n rs home, he o d him h dly ble to co ve e, an d he died in the presence of his good friend

nn ss and his w f afew as M r. B . T . Fi i i e, d y

af rwar s on th of r 1 8 . te d , the s Octobe , 39

n w s and on e u we on in His dyi g i h, m ch d lt his as n ss was a s u r ar l t ill e , th t he ho ld be eg ded as f un r o f A a an d re a the o de del ide, he di cted plate of engraved copper in dicating this to be

in his c ﬂi n rnm n w v r a o . e pl ced The Gove e t, ho e ,

r ar us c his m m r rende ed t dy j ti e to e o y . The Gover nment Gazette (bordered with black) of the r o th of October con tain ed the n otice of the Proceedings in Coun cil that His Excell en cy (the Govern or) had felt it right to call aspecial meeting of Council for the purpose of considerin g what manifestation of respect the Government should make to the memory of one so dis

in ish d as an oﬂicer and wh har n t gu e , o d e dered ” r n such impo tat services to the colony . An d

all u fﬁ as fr rn r wn the p blic o ci l , om the Gove o do

w at a an ar s d , met the old N tive Loc tio to do

his r as ss n ur Hi memo y the l t po ible ho o . s

f n ra afr m u u his us n ar p blic e l took pl ce o ho e, e

RECOGNITION OF H Is WORK 1 33

The good work that Colonel Light did in the early history of South Australiais now univer saan w and u n of os lly ck o ledged, the j dgme t p terity on which he relied has been entirely faura him In his r s u ar n vo ble to . e ol te dhe e ce

of A aas aaand his to the choice del ide the c pit l, rejection of Port Lin coln and En counter Bay in the face of the most powerful official Oppo s i u is n w us all His as it o , he o j tified by . lmo t un sur un a difficulties— ar s s mo t ble the h d hip , the

n n of of his su r inas i compete cy some bo d te , an wan of ran s rt— are n d the t t po ow, through

s aof s n and r n z f the vi t time, ee ecog i ed. O his private character there has always been

n one s a and haone fu f o ly e tim te, t t ll o

ras p i e.

’ The Servan s of the olonel s ousehold t C H . The differen Governmen e ar men s t t D p t t . i ec olo nial ur eon S . Governmen t Arch t t . C g

olonial o rekee er. ro ec or of bori in s C St p P t t A g e .

Emi raion en . Ins ec o r of os i al g t Ag t p t H p t s.

Su erin enden o f olice os mas er- General p t t P . P t t .

ollec or of us oms . olonial reasur C t C t C T er . n h of ai r s Be c M g st ate .

Sheriff.

- mi ioner d o c - o v n r l . Assistant C m ss . A ate Ge e a

The Go ernor . The riva r v P te Secretay . The olonis s two and tw C t o . I34 TH E FOUNDER OF ADELAIDE

H is na r ans w r in me em i little, ho eve , the

n of S u Aus raa. as sa colo y o th t li Light P ge, Light

un R v r an d uar in Co ty, the i e Light, Light Sq e

A a an ra whi del ide , lo e commemo te it, le the names of the other pioneers were n ot for

t n got e .

A smal nu n of fr s n at s l mo me t ee to e, the co t

’ f 60 was r r s ar o £4 , e ected ove Light tomb , cco d 1 in s n of Sir e r in s n g to the de ig G o ge K g to , by his raful f w- n r n s s and in g te ello pio ee colo i t , 1 876 the following inscription was in scribed on it

F an is u on in ou h us raliaand its in es r c D tt , S t A t M , i n aonal o thi cross hei h thus describes t : A pe t g G c , g t fo - and is divided in o hree com ar men s . rty five feet, t t p t t m ar men co m rises five able s on one or The lo wer co p t t p t t , more of which w ill be inser ted the inscription an d arms The seco nd consis s o f five dee refoil of the deceas ed . t p t h aded niches surmoun ed b crocke ed ables and like e , t y t g , , s i u or ed and fur her ornamen ed b bu resses the fir t, s s pp t t t y tt , i nn l n fi s The hird w ith their appro pr ate pi ac es ad nial . t m ar men is ierced o n each face wi h o en refoil co p t t p , t p t

aded arches ornamen ed w i h racer . The s ire he , t t t y p rnamen ed from ali h o en balemen and is o rises g t p tt t, t cr c s the o erminain with acro ss and the with o ket , t p t t g ,

l i r h M r. pentagonaﬁgure be ng p eserved throug out. ’ Kingsto n s services have been devoted to this elegant and laborae s ruc ure out o f res ec to the deceased wi hou e t t t p t , t t ” ar to the omm any ch ge c ittee . MEMORIALS I35

ERECTED BY

THE Pi oN EERs or SOUTH AUSTRALIA IN MEMORY OF

COLONEL WILLIAM LIGHT,

R -G L F IRST SU VEYO R ENERA ,

AND BY WHOM

THE SITE o r ADELAIDE WAs FI! ED ON THE

2 TH F ECEMBER r8 6 9 O D , 3 .

DrED I-I or C OBER 1 8 ST O T , 39,

EARS AGED 5 4 Y .

B RIED U DER H M EN 1 0TH C OB ER I8 . U N T IS MONU T, O T , 39

His m r w r is n t f r n for a me o y, ho eve , o o gotte , picturesque ceremony takes place on the election of each Mayor of Adelaide The Memory of ” Colonel Light is solemnly pledged in colon ial w n in as r u w c wa n for i e ilve c p, hi h s give the purpose to the Mayor an d Corporation of

A a his fr n an a r r u n an del ide by ie d d dmi e , Lie te t l n r ar f Nazin ar one Colo el Geo ge P lme , o g P k,

f n zan s n rs w o the Colo i tio Commis io e , ith the

olonel almer w ri s in 1 8 hahis faher a C P te 75 t t t , ’ cain in he H on E diao m s a . i t as n C an erv ce was pt t I p y S , afri nd of aain Fran is i h th f und r o f n e c e o e ena. C pt L g t, P g

CONCLUSION I 37 his f of an ur waaua li e dve t e, s ct ted by the highest and as s lf- s n le t e eeki g motive . The materials for as of his ar r are w fu s an ketch c ee oe lly c ty, and as a r n n the det il h ve hithe to bee eglected,

ar ss ut r and but n wn and c ele ly p togethe little k o , this must be the excuse for so meagre alife of o ne whose memory should n ever be allowed to

s n fur r n n as was n f i k the i to oblivio , he o e o the

u f r ar r n many b ilders o G e te B itai .

A P P E N D I!

l LORD EDWARD SOMERSET to COLONEL LIGHT.

Nin ve ﬁv lea from Bru ls o ( e gues sse ).

ondaevenin Ma2 1 81 . M y g. y 9, 5

MY DEAR LIGHT , I am very happy to have it in my power to offer you the s ituation of Brigade- Major to the B ri ade under m comman d an d I g y , n eed n ot s ay that I shall be very glad if it s hould s uit you to accept it. When I ﬁrs t received my orders in En land to re air to the arm in Flander I g p y s , was informed by the Adjutan t- Gen eral at the H orse Guards that Captain Villiers of the B lues was appoin ted by the D uke of York B rigade- Major to the H ous ehold B rigade ; but to this day n o n o tiﬁcation of his appoin tmen t has been received either b the Ad u ant- Gen eral in his coun r b y jt t t y, y his re imen or b he de dt of the Blues g t, y t p in

1 From aco in the Privae e er Book of the H py t L tt on .

B . . Finniss kindl communicated b iss uliaFinniss T , y y M J .

APPENDIX 14 1

My Brigade consis ts of tw o squadrons of each r m o f Lif uards wo of the Blues and egi ent e G , t , ’ four of the Kin s Draoon Guards The ar i g g . y e n exceedin l ood rder bu it is n ot ui e so ac ive g y g o , t q t t aservice as the las I am lo ed on 1 t w s e p y last year . Be ieve me m dear i h l , y L g t , Ever v r r l r e y t u y you s , W R. ED ARD H . SOMERSET.

To C P IN IGH rd F A TA L T (3 oot). Glouces er Place 5 4, t , Por man S uare t q .

1 Lord Edward sot was Lieuten ant- Colonel of the ’ th ueen s Draoons in hich re imen i h served in 4 (Q ) g , w g t L g t the Pen insular War.

I N D E !

BDULL Raah of Ke h L dda C R V Do n 05 6 A A , j . A AT A A , 1 , I Camero n ohn 3 , J , 7 8

unku I I n . Caro line ueen T , , Q , 5 2 delaide ueen 1 n Ceris Be 6 A , Q , 9 . y y , 7

Ahmad Ta- Udin of Keddah Chee H o n j . g, 33 n n Chee Ka 0 . y , 3 Allen ohn Cherbonneau M , J , 5 , 6 n as G Fife Churchill Colo n l W e . A g , . . 7 5 , , 4 Clau hton W g , . , 7 8 Crawfurd W , . , 26 B E SON ohn 2 Co noll ad o uisa6 I n AT , J , 3 y, L y L . . Ben n e Caroline 61 6 Coo er W illiam 82 t , , , 4 p , , Mar n Curran i 0 80 . ss 6 y , 5 9 , 7 , , M . 5

M rs . 60

n M Bes so , . de , 67 D W I Blessin o n Lord 6 E N P. 1 gt , . 5 T, , 5 Bonaar e Lucien 6 Dou h Geor e of The p t , , 4 g ty , g , urke General 8 berton 3 Bo , , 5 5 , 5 , 34, 4 Geo r e n Bo d . Rev. G . C . n y . g , 35 . 42 .

Bri h well S e hen Mrs . 2 n g t , t p , 5 , 4 . 5 9 B ke Fran ci roo . s , 5

Bunbur Sir H enr 6 ELIO Lieu enant y , y , 4 T . t , 5 4 Emil Lad 6 1 Erskine Catai n y y . , p , 5 4 B ron Lo rd 1 6 Esan asl ve , a y , 5 , 5 . , 34

IN DEX 45 ,

Li ht Mar M rs. Bo d n . Nai r i , e S r William g y ( y ).35 p , , 48 ad Sar ah 6 4S L y , 1

M rs . aide ar Be t N e nne us Franci ( M y ) g , s , 4 Robert Roll 1 n Willia o . m of el on , 3 , M t , 4 _ Non ah Y Sar een Pri n ah M nc . rs . WelSh es 2 1 ( ). 35 y , s , 7 Sar NovellaDon F 8 ah M rs Koe . M . ( . , . 5 n l tz 1 ), 3 n . William found r o f , e

delaide 1 - 1 1 P LMER Colonel m 1 A , 34, 35 . 4 4 A . , 45 , 35 Pe ou Thomas W illiam 1 n , 3 . g , . 34 Ph aT f indsaWillia ak Kin o Siam L y, m. 23 y , g , i so n Catai 8 1 1 1 2 L p , p n , 7 , 94

Low ol Por er Rev. o ses 6 , C onel, 8 n . t . M , L nedoch rd 6 Pr aCaai n David 2 y , Lo , 4 y , pt , 3 Pullen Vice- dmiral 8 80 , A , 7 ,

ACPHERSO Sir ohn M N. J . 9 UIROG General Maennis ames 2 g , J . 3 Q A , , 5 4 an n Charles 8 M , , 7 arro n Mahawan sa1 0 n M g g , . M arsd en illiam 26 RICHMOND Charles , W , , . as on R Duke of 61 n illi L . ev. am . n . M , W , 45 , 1 6 harl rd f 3 C es , 3 Duke o , ahers Caain 6 60 M t . pt , 5 M ehemet Ali 66 - 0 Rober s Caain 6 , 7 t , pt , 5 en don aD ie o de 1 1 n . Ross ndrew 2 M c , g , . A , 4 M o nck on Mr . 1 n . Rozells ar ina26 2 t , , 3 , M t , . 7 . 33. oore Thomas 0 62 M , , 5 , 34. 61 n . M uazim Shah I of K I. eddah , I 3 SARDI I Kin of 6 66 N A . g , 5 , Sco ames 8 8 tt, J , , 3 NA DAULD Henr Robert , y , 5 , 38 Mar Shell e are n . Perc B 6 g t, 5 y , y . . 5 1 , 5 Naier Sir Charles Skinner M 6 6 . . p , J. , 4 , 7 , , J , 37 Smith G o 2 7 7 , e rge, 3 Sir Geor e 6 Somerse Lord Edward 71 g . 4 , 47 t, . 49 Catain en E 6 1 - 1 r . 1 1 p H y , 39 4 1 46 INDEX

Soult General 8 Vil laD rataPrin . . 4 . 49 o . ce. 5 1 Stuar Lad Dudle 6 illiers Caain 1 1 0 t , y y, 4 V . pt , 39 , 4 Sturt Catain 2 , p , 7 , 1 24, 1 26 S G ymonds , R. . , 7 8 WAREPIELD E Gi n . . bbo . 72 . 1 11 73, 9 .

TA -U DI Raaof Keddah Wall Thomas 2 J N, j . . , 3 Wal er o hn 6 1 n 1 . t , J , alle ran d Princesse de 0 W ellin ton Duke of 6 T y , , 5 g , , 45 , 4 , Torrens olonel 1 1 8 6 1 1 0 , C , 74 , 5 4 , 7 , 39 , 4 Traaud Caain Elisha22 Welsh General ames 2 m p , pt , , , J , 7 , 26 35

Wil - relawn E . 1 6 so n Sir Ro e . ber 2 8 T y , J , 5 , 5 . t , 5 5 , 77

o in ichael 1 n . T pp g, M , 3 Tuanko China1 , 5 ZEIN- EL R SHID of Keddah A .

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VILLAMILL M . 0 ZorvaGeneral , , 5 , . 5 5

THE END

LOND N : PRIN ED BY MITE O T WILLIA M CLOWES A N D SONS, LI D , STA M FORD ST REET AND CHARING CROSS