Dynamic Interaction Between SO2 and Acetaldehyde During Alcoholic
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Tannat: Home Away from Home
feature / vinifera / Tannat TANNAT: HOME AWAY FROM HOME From Tannat’s contested South American debut, back to its origins in southwest France, and forward to its latest outposts in New Zealand, Julia Harding MW charts the rise of this climate-sensitive and terroir- transparent grape variety, now producing a thrilling range of wines orget the tango and dulce de leche, the competitive debate now simmering concerns Tannat’s first home in South America. Those waving the Argentine flag claim that the variety was brought to their country toward the end of the 19th century byF the Basque farmer Juan Jáuregui (born in Irouleguy in 1812), who traveled from Bordeaux to Montevideo in 1835, moving north to Salto before crossing the River Uruguay and settling in Concordia in the province of Entre Ríos in southern Argentina, immediately opposite the Uruguayan town of Salto. According to Alberto Moroy, a specialist in Argentinian and Uruguayan history, writing in Uruguay’s national newspaper El Pais in March 2016, Jáuregui planted the first Tannat cuttings in Concepción in 1861, brought over from France by his nephew Pedro Jáuregui. They apparently came via his paternal grandfather from the estate of Louis XVI. (Moroy’s account is based on a book by Frenchman Alexis Pierre Louis Edouard Peiret, A visit to the Colonies of the Argentine Republic, published in Buenos Airesin 1889.) Jáuregui was also the first to make wine in Concordia. The story continues with another Basque, Don Pascual Harriague (1819–94), who emigrated from Lapurdi (Labourd) to Uruguay in 1838 and settled in Montevideo. In 1840 he moved north to Salto, which is where he became interested in farming and eventually in grape-growing. -
Russian Wine / Российские Вина
3 RUSSIAN WINE RUSSIAN WINE / РОССИЙСКИЕ ВИНА SPARKLING / ИГРИСТЫЕ 750 ML NV Балаклава Резерв Брют Розе, Золотая Балка 2 500 2017 Кюве Империал Брют, Абрау-Дюрсо 4 700 2016 Темелион Брют Розе, Лефкадия 5 520 NV Тет де Шеваль Брют, Поместье Голубицкое 5 700 2020 Пет-Нат, Павел Швец 6 500 2016 Блан де Нуар Брют, Усадьба Дивноморское 7 900 WHITE / БЕЛОЕ 750 ML 2020 Терруар Блан, Гай-Кодзор / Гай-Кодзор 2 700 2019 Сибирьковый, Винодельня Ведерников / Долина Дона 3 100 2020 Алиготе, Бельбек / Плато Кара-Тау, Крым 3 500 2019 Хихви, Собер Баш / Долина Реки Афипс 3 700 2019 Мускат, Рэм Акчурин / Долина Реки Черная, Крым 4 000 2018 Шардоне, Абрау-Дюрсо / Абрау-Дюрсо 4 700 2019 Шардоне Резерв, Поместье Голубицкое / Таманский Полуостров 5 100 2019 Совиньон Блан, Галицкий и Галицкий / Красная Горка 5 500 2020 Шенен Блан, Олег Репин / Севастополь, Крым 5 700 2017 Рислинг - Семейный Резерв, Имение Сикоры / Семигорье 6 000 2017 Пино Блан, Усадьба Дивноморское / Геленджик 6 800 2020 Ркацителли Баррик, Бельбек / Плато Кара-Тау, Крым 7 200 2018 Вионье, Лефкадия / Долина Лефкадия 8 500 ROSE / РОЗОВОЕ 750 ML 2020 Розе де Гай-Кодзор / Гай-Кодзор 2 700 2020 Аврора, Собер Баш / Долина Реки Афипс 3 100 2019 Розе, Галицкий и Галицкий / Красная Горка 5 000 RED / КРАСНОЕ 750 ML 2018 Мерло Резерв, Балаклава / Севастополь, Крым 3 300 2019 Каберне Совиньон - Морской, Шато Пино / Новоросийск 3 700 2019 Пино Минье - Резерв, Яйла / Севастополь, Крым 4 000 2019 Пино Нуар, Андрюс Юцис / Севастополь, Крым 4 500 2017 Афа, Собер Баш / Долина Реки Афипс 5 000 2019 Каберне -
Concepts in Wine Chemistry
THIRD EDITION Concepts IN Wine Chemistry YAIR MARGALIT, Ph.D. The Wine Appreciation Guild San Francisco Contents Introduction ix I. Must and Wine Composition 1 A. General Background 3 B. Sugars 5 C. Acids 11 D. Alcohols 22 E. Aldehydes and Ketones 30 F. Esters 32 G. Nitrogen Compounds 34 H. Phenols 43 I. Inorganic Constituents 52 References 55 n. Fermentation 61 A. General View 63 B. Chemistry of Fermentation 64 C. Factors Affecting Fermentation 68 D. Stuck Fermentation 77 E. Heat of Fermentation 84 F. Malolactic Fermentation 89 G. Carbonic Maceration 98 References 99 v III. Phenolic Compounds 105 A. Wine Phenolic Background 107 B. Tannins 120 C. Red Wine Color 123 D. Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Grapes 139 References 143 IV. Aroma and Flavor 149 A. Taste 151 B. Floral Aroma 179 C. Vegetative Aroma 189 D. Fruity Aroma 194 E. Bitterness and Astringency 195 F. Specific Flavors 201 References 214 V. Oxidation and Wine Aging 223 A. General Aspects of Wine Oxidation 225 B. Phenolic Oxidation 227 C. Browning of White Wines 232 D. Wine Aging 238 References 253 VI. Oak Products 257 A. Cooperage 259 B. Barrel Aging 274 C. Cork 291 References 305 vi VH. Sulfur Dioxide 313 A. Sulfur-Dioxide as Food Products Preservative 315 B. Sulfur-Dioxide Uses in Wine 326 References 337 Vm. Cellar Processes 341 A. Fining 343 B. Stabilization 352 C. Acidity Adjustment 364 D. Wine Preservatives 372 References 382 IX. Wine Faults 387 A. Chemical Faults 389 B. Microbiological Faults 395 C. Summary ofFaults 402 References 409 X. -
Effects of Social Media on Enotourism. Two Cases Study: Okanagan Valley (Canada) and Somontano (Spain)
sustainability Article Effects of Social Media on Enotourism. Two Cases Study: Okanagan Valley (Canada) and Somontano (Spain) F. J. Cristófol 1 , Gorka Zamarreño Aramendia 2,* and Jordi de-San-Eugenio-Vela 3 1 ESIC, Business & Marketing School, Market Research and Quantitative Methods Department, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; [email protected] 2 Department of Theory and Economic History, University Malaga, 29013 Malaga, Spain 3 Communication Department, University of Vic; 08500 Vic, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-607-91-40-68 Received: 30 July 2020; Accepted: 17 August 2020; Published: 19 August 2020 Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze the social media effects on enotourism. Two territories of similar extension and with historical coincidences in their development have been selected: the Okanagan Valley, Canada, and the region of Somontano, Spain. Methodologically, an analysis of the content on Twitter has been performed, collecting 1377 tweets. The conclusion is that wineries create sentimental and experiential links with the users, avoiding commercial communications. Specifically, Okanagan wineries establish a relevant conversation network on Twitter based on the high percentage of responses, which is 31.3%, but this is not so in the case of Somontano, which is 12.8%. The tourist attractions most used to create a bond are the wine landscape and the gastronomy in the case of both territories. The tourism sustainability variable remains a minor matter in the emission of messages on Twitter. Keywords: social network analysis; sustainable tourism; web 2.0; enotourism; Twitter; Somontano wines; Okanagan Valley wines; wines of British Columbia 1. -
Cabernet Sauvignon Pinot Noir
REDS CABERNET SAUVIGNON Isabel Peralta, Vino de la Tierra de Castilla, Spain 18|68 Good volume and structure as well as the perfect balance of fruit, tannins, and oak. Boomtown, Dusted Valley, Washington 12|44 Refined, yet rugged; the wine offers wonderful cherry fruit and balancing acid while giving you the rustic complexity of freshly crushed herbs. Sculpterra, Paso Robles 14|52 Shows off berries and chocolate, earthy spices and smoky toast with a soft round finish. Quilt Cabernet Sauvignon, Napa Valley 20|76 A seamless blend of cassis, hazelnut, cocoa, blackberry preserves and charred meat with complex notes of dark licorice, stewed rhubarb, strawberry, spice and vanilla. See also: Château Haut-Beauséjour, Bordeaux Two 2 Red Blend PINOT NOIR Pence, Santa Rita Hills 14|52 Organically farmed, retains the seriousness of its underlying terroir with great elegance, depth and character. EnRoute (by Far Niente) “Les Pommiers,” Russian River Valley 22|84 Generous-yet-soft red-fruit flavors expand on the palate, with elegant tannins that are the definition of silky. Ryme Cellars, Las Brisas, Sonoma 17|64 Spicy earth and leather wrap a core of dense and juicy black cherry. organic biodynamic MERLOT Camp Wines, Alexander Valley 12|44 Blackberry, black cherry, subtle spices, medium bodied, and supple. Galil Mountain, Galilee, Israel, Kosher 12|44 Ripe red fruit, with black licorice-infused flavors of plum pudding, dark chocolate and wild herbs, with a mineral finish. Flora Springs, Napa Valley 16|62 Showy black cherry and blueberry flavors with notes of dark chocolate, marshmallow and graham cracker. Hints of lavender and leather add complexity, along with a brown spice character from the French oak barrels. -
Stabilisation and Association Agreement
P U BLIC Conseil UE STABILISATIONANDASSOCIATIONAGREEMENT BETWEEN THEEUROPEANCOMMUNITIES ANDTHEIRMEMBERSTATES,OFTHEONEPART, ANDTHEREPUBLIC OFMONTENEGRO,OFTHEOTHERPART CE/MTN/ n1 THEKINGDOMOFBELGIUM, THEREPUBLICOFBULGARIA, THEC;ECHREPUBLIC, THEKINGDOMOFDENMAR:, THEFEDERALREPUBLICOFGERMANY, THEREPUBLICOFESTONIA, IRELAND, THEHELLENICREPUBLIC, THEKINGDOMOFSPAIN, THEFRENCHREPUBLIC, THEITALIANREPUBLIC, CE/MTN/ n2 THEREPUBLICOFCYPRUS, THEREPUBLICOFLATVIA, THEREPUBLICOFLITHUANIA, THEGRANDDUCHY OFLUXEMBOURG, THEREPUBLICOFHUNGARY, MALTA, THEKINGDOMOFTHENETHERLANDS, THEREPUBLICOFAUSTRIA, THEREPUBLICOF POLAND, THEPORTUGUESEREPUBLIC, ROMANIA, THEREPUBLICOFSLOVENIA, CE/MTN/ n3 THESLOVA:REPUBLIC, THEREPUBLICOF FINLAND, THEKINGDOMOFSWEDEN, THEUNITEDKINGDOMOF GREATBRITAINANDNORTHERNIRELAND ContractingParti stoth Tr atyestablishingth Europ anCommunityandth Tr aty stablishingth Europ anAtomicEn rgyCommunity,andth Tr atyonEurop anUnion, h r inaft rr f rr dtoas"M mb rStat s",and THEEUROPEANCOMMUNITYandTHE EUROPEANATOMICENERGY COMMUNITY, h r inaft rr f rr dtoasth "Community", ofth on part,and THEREPUBLICOF MONTENEGRO,h r inaft rr f rr dtoas"Mont n gro", ofth oth rpart, togetherreferredtoas "theParties", CE/MTN/ n4 CONSIDERINGth stronglinksb tw nth Parti sandth valu sthatth yshar ,th ir d sir tostr ngth nthos linksandestablishaclos andlastingr lationship bas don r ciprocityandmutualint r st,whichshouldallowMont n grotofurth rstr ngth nand xt ndth r lationswithth CommunityanditsM mb rStat sA CONSIDERINGth importanc ofthisAgr -
Equipo Navazos
“Since my early childhood, as fate tossed around human affairs, I have been tossed around in these parts, and this mountain, visible far and wide from everywhere, is always in your view.” – Francesco Petrarch, The Ascent of Mont Ventoux, 1336 EQUIPO NAVAZOS What originally started out as a private buying club for an Since that first cask of Amontillado, labeled simply Bota de outstanding Amontillado located in the cellar of Miguel Amontillado no.1 in honor of the short story by Edgar Allan Sánchez Ayala, has become one of the most sought after Poe, each successive bottling as been numbered, bottled en series of bottlings sourced from, and inspired by the wines rama, limited in release and quick to sell out. Not content of Jerez and Montilla-Moriles. Jesús Barquín, a professor with only exploring the possibilities of fortified wines, Equi- of criminal law at the University of Granda and Eduardo po has also released brandies, unfortified Palomino Fino Ojeda, the technical director of Grupo Estévez, guided by aged under flor, and a couple of PX wines, one dry and one their vast knowledge of, and unparalleled access to, the best made from raisined grapes. They have also partnered with wines, cellars and soleras of the region, have since 2005 as- Dirk Niepoort and Quim Vila to make a Vin Jaune styled sembled one of the finest offerings of Sherries in the -mar Palomino Fino and Sergei Colet to produce a Cava utilizing ket. When word got out about their project, what was once a flor in the secondary aging of the wine as well as Sherry and hobby became a full-fledged commercial enterprise. -
Phenolic Compounds As Markers of Wine Quality and Authenticity
foods Review Phenolic Compounds as Markers of Wine Quality and Authenticity Vakare˙ Merkyte˙ 1,2 , Edoardo Longo 1,2,* , Giulia Windisch 1,2 and Emanuele Boselli 1,2 1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy; [email protected] (V.M.); [email protected] (G.W.); [email protected] (E.B.) 2 Oenolab, NOI Techpark South Tyrol, Via A. Volta 13B, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0471-017691 Received: 29 October 2020; Accepted: 28 November 2020; Published: 1 December 2020 Abstract: Targeted and untargeted determinations are being currently applied to different classes of natural phenolics to develop an integrated approach aimed at ensuring compliance to regulatory prescriptions related to specific quality parameters of wine production. The regulations are particularly severe for wine and include various aspects of the viticulture practices and winemaking techniques. Nevertheless, the use of phenolic profiles for quality control is still fragmented and incomplete, even if they are a promising tool for quality evaluation. Only a few methods have been already validated and widely applied, and an integrated approach is in fact still missing because of the complex dependence of the chemical profile of wine on many viticultural and enological factors, which have not been clarified yet. For example, there is a lack of studies about the phenolic composition in relation to the wine authenticity of white and especially rosé wines. This review is a bibliographic account on the approaches based on phenolic species that have been developed for the evaluation of wine quality and frauds, from the grape varieties (of V. -
A Tour of Spain Class Outline
A Tour of Spain • Background and History • Geography • Spanish Culture and Wine Laws • Classic Regions: Penedès, Jerez, Rías Baixas, Priorat, Rioja, Ribera del Duero Background and History • Vines cultivated since around 3000 BC • Phoenicians founded Gadir (modern day Cádiz) around 1100 BC and established value of viticulture • Stints by the Carthaginians, Romans, Moors • Columbus opens up trade; high alcohol and fortified wines most popular • Late 1800s: • Champagne-method sparkling wines take hold in Penedès • Phylloxera strikes Bordeaux; they look to Spain, particularly Rioja • 1926: DO system begins in Rioja • Late 20th century = international “rediscovery” of Spanish wine; big bump in quality and investments in vineyards/winemaking All class outlines are copyright of Corkbuzz Wine Studio. Materials may be used for personal and non-commercial use only. Please do not reproduce or redistribute for any commercial purposes without express written consent. Geography • Iberian peninsula • World’s largest vineyard: • 2.9 million acres planted • More than 625 grape varietals planted • Diverse Topography: Spans from Pyrenées in North to nearly touching Africa in South • Rivers, mountains, oceans, valleys, flatlands • Climate becomes more extreme as you move toward center Spanish Culture and Style • Fierce local pride; very different traditions, culture, language (and food and wine) across country • Love for food: Incredible culinary traditions; today considered by many to be the most cutting edge, finest cuisine in the world • Wine and food -
Protecting South Australia from the Phylloxera Threat
The Phylloxera Fight Protecting South Australia from the phylloxera threat Wally Boehm Winetitles Adelaide 1996 in association with The Phylloxera and Grape Industry Board of South Australia First published in 1996 by Winetitles PO Box 1140 Marleston SA 5033 A USTR A LI A in association with The Phylloxera and Grape Industry Board of South Australia 25 Grenfell Street, Adelaide South Australia 5000 © Copyright 1996 Wally Boehm and The Phylloxera and Grape Industry Board of South Australia All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied or reproduced by any means without the written permission of the publisher. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Boehm, E.W. (Ernest Walter). The phylloxera fight: protecting South Australia from the phylloxera threat. Includes index. ISBN 1 875130 21 7 1. Phylloxera – South Australia. 2. Grapes – Diseases and pests – South Australia. 3. Grapes – Diseases and pests – Control – South Australia. I. South Australia. Phylloxera and Grape Industry Board. II. Title 634.82752099423 Design and typesetting Michael Deves Printed and bound by Hyde Park Press CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 The Dread of Phylloxera 1 CHAPTER 2 Phylloxera in Australia 13 CHAPTER 3 Phylloxera Legislation 34 CHAPTER 4 Rootstocks and Virus 45 CHAPTER 5 Nurseries and New Varieties 53 CHAPTER 6 Biotypes 58 CHAPTER 7 Vine Introduction Procedure 62 APPENDIX 1 The Phylloxera and Grape Industry Act 1994 71 APPENDIX 2 Vine Variety Introductions to South Australia 75 INDEX 90 Record of Board Membership Chairmen District 2 O.B. SEPPELT 1926–1933 O.B. Seppelt 1926–1933 Keith Leon RAINSFORD 1933–1944 Friedrich William Gursansky 1933–1955 Frederick Walter KAY 1944–1947 O.S. -
CE/MTN/P1/En 1 PROTOCOL 1 on TRADE BETWEEN the COMMUNITY and MONTENEGRO in PROCESSED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
PROTOCOL 1 ON TRADE BETWEEN THE COMMUNITY AND MONTENEGRO IN PROCESSED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS CE/MTN/P1/en 1 ARTICLE 1 1. The Community and Montenegro apply to processed agricultural products the duties, listed in Annex I and Annex II respectively in accordance with the conditions mentioned therein, whether limited by quota or not. 2. The Stabilisation and Association Council shall decide on: (a) extensions of the list of processed agricultural products under this Protocol, (b) amendments to the duties referred to in Annexes I and II, (c) increases in or the abolition of tariff quotas. 3. The Stabilisation and Association Council may replace the duties established by this Protocol by a regime established on the basis of the respective market prices of the Community and Montenegro of agricultural products actually used in the manufacture of processed agricultural products subject to this Protocol. CE/MTN/P1/en 2 ARTICLE 2 The duties applied pursuant to Article 1 may be reduced by decision of the Stabilisation and Association Council: (a) when in trade between the Community and Montenegro the duties applied to the basic products are reduced, or (b) in response to reductions resulting from mutual concessions relating to processed agricultural products. The reductions provided for under point (a) shall be calculated on the part of the duty designated as the agricultural component which shall correspond to the agricultural products actually used in the manufacture of the processed agricultural products in question and deducted from the duties applied to these basic agricultural products. ARTICLE 3 The Community and Montenegro shall inform each other of the administrative arrangements adopted for the products covered by this Protocol. -
Experience Marketing — Research, Ideas, Opinions (1)
MiR_9_2019_OKL.qxd 08-10-2019 10:11 Page 1 Cena 59,90 zł (w tym 5% VAT) INDEKS 326224 9/2019 TOM XXVI WRZESIEŃ ISSN 1231-7853 Experience Marketing — research, ideas, opinions (1) Experiential marketing — the state of research in Poland The importance of customer experience for service enterprises www.marketingirynek.pl MiR_9_2019_OKL.qxd 08-10-2019 10:14 Page 3 Komitet redakcyjny: Prof. dr hab. Grzegorz Karasiewicz (redaktor naczelny) Prof. dr hab. Mirosław Szreder (redaktor statystyczny) Mgr Monika Sikorska (sekretarz redakcji) Redaktorzy tematyczni: Spis treści Dr hab. Katarzyna Dziewanowska Dr hab. Agnieszka Kacprzak Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Zarządzania Rada naukowa: Prof. dr hab. Natalia Czuchraj (Narodowy Uniwer- Editorial 2 sytet ,,Politechnika Lwowska”,^ Ukraina) Prof. Ing. Jaroslav Dad’o (Uniwersytet Mateja Bela w Bańskiej Bystrzycy,^ Słowacja) Od redakcji 3 Prof. Ing. Ferdinand Dano (Uniwersytet Ekonomicz- ny w Bratysławie, Słowacja) Prof. dr hab. Tomasz Domański (Uniwersytet Łódzki) Prof. dr hab. Wojciech J. Florkowski (University of Georgia, USA) Experience Marketing — research, ideas, opinions (1) Dr hab. Ryszard Kłeczek, prof. UE (Uniwersytet Eko- nomiczny we Wrocławiu) Dr hab. Robert Kozielski, prof. UŁ (Uniwersytet Łódzki) Prof. Elliot N. Maltz (Willamette University, USA) Prof. dr hab. Krystyna Mazurek-Łopacińska (Uniwer- Experiential marketing — the state of research sytet Ekonomiczny we Wrocławiu) Prof. dr hab. Henryk Mruk (Wyższa Szkoła Zarządza- in Poland 4 nia i Bankowości w Poznaniu) Prof. Durdana Ozretic Dosen (Uniwersytet Zagrzeb- Katarzyna Dziewanowska, Agnieszka Kacprzak ski, Chorwacja) Prof. Gregor Pfajfar (Uniwersytet Lublański, Słowenia) Prof. Seong-Do Cho, Ph.D. (Chonnam National Uni- versity — College of Business Administration, Korea The importance of customer experience Południowa) for service enterprises 15 Dr hab.