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— Personal Names in the Aramaic Inscriptions of Hatra INSCRIPTIONS OF HATRA PERSONAL NAMES IN THE ARAMAIC e-ISSN 2610-9336 Antichistica 17 ISSN 2610-881X Studi orientali 7 — Personal Names in the Aramaic Inscriptions of Hatra MARCATO Enrico Marcato Edizioni Ca’Foscari Personal Names in the Aramaic Inscriptions of Hatra Antichistica Studi orientali Collana diretta da Lucio Milano 17 | 7 Antichistica Studi orientali Direttore scientifico Lucio Milano (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Comitato scientifico Claudia Antonetti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Filippo Maria Carinci (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Ettore Cingano (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Joy Connolly (New York University, USA) Andrea Giardina (Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italia) Marc van de Mieroop (Columbia University in the City of New York, USA) Elena Rova (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Fausto Zevi (Sapienza Università di Roma, Italia) Direzione e redazione Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Palazzo Malcanton Marcorà Dorsoduro 3484/D, 30123 Venezia e-ISSN 2610-9336 ISSN 2610-881X URL http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/it/edizioni/collane/antichistica/ Personal Names in the Aramaic Inscriptions of Hatra Enrico Marcato Venezia Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing 2018 Personal Names in the Aramaic Inscriptions of Hatra Enrico Marcato © 2018 Enrico Marcato per il testo | for the text © 2018 Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing per la presente edizione | for the present edition cb Quest’opera è distribuita con Licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione 4.0 Internazionale This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Qualunque parte di questa pubblicazione può essere riprodotta, memorizzata in un sistema di recupero dati o trasmessa in qualsiasi forma o con qualsiasi mezzo, elettronico o meccanico, senza autorizzazione, a condizione che se ne citi la fonte. Any part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission provided that the source is fully credited. Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Dorsoduro 3246, 30123 Venezia http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/ | [email protected] 1a edizione maggio 2018 | 1st edition May 2018 ISBN 978-88-6969-231-4 [ebook] Certificazione scientifica delle Opere pubblicate da Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing: tutti i saggi pubblicati hanno ottenuto il parere favorevole da parte di valutatori esperti della materia, attraverso un processo di revisione anonima sotto la responsabilità del Comitato scientifico della collana. La valutazione è stata condotta in aderenza ai criteri scientifici ed editoriali di Edizioni Ca’ Foscari. Scientific certification of the works published by Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing: all essays published in this volume have received a favourable opinion by subject-matter ex- perts, through an anonymous peer review process under the responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the series. The evaluations were conducted in adherence to the scientific and editorial criteria established by Edizioni Ca’ Foscari. URL http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/it/edizioni/libri/978-88-6969-231-4/ DOI 10.14277/978-88-6969-231-4 Personal Names in the Aramaic Inscriptions of Hatra Enrico Marcato Abstract This book offers a comprehensive linguistic evaluation of the 376 personal names attested in the roughly 600 Aramaic inscriptions of Hatra, the famous Northern Mesopotamian city that flour- ished in the Parthian age, between the 1st century BC and the 3rd century AD. This study benefits from the publication of many Hatran inscriptions during recent decades, which have yielded rich onomastic data, and some fresh readings of these epigraphic sources. This work is subdivided into three main parts: an “Onomastic Catalogue”, a “Linguistic Analysis”, and a “Concordance” section. The “Catalogue” is organized as a list of entries, in which every name is transliterated, translated (whenever possible), discussed from an etymological perspective, provided with onomastic par- allels, and accompanied by its attestations in the Hatran Aramaic corpus. The “Catalogue” is followed by a “Linguistic Analysis” which describes, firstly, the principal orthographic, phonologi- cal, morphological, and syntactical features of Hatran names. The linguistic discussion proper is followed by a semantic taxonomy of the names which make up the corpus and an overview of the religious significance of the theophoric names. Charts of “Concordance” end the book. Keywords Hatra. Aramaic. Inscriptions. Onomastics. Linguistics. Personal Names in the Aramaic Inscriptions of Hatra Enrico Marcato Acknowledgements This book is the result of the teaching and encouragement of many people, who guided and supported me along a five-year-long path. The initial version of this work was the core of my M.A. thesis L’onomastica di Hatra alla luce della società e della cultura mesopotamica, which I submitted in Oct. 2013 to Ca’ Foscari University of Venice under the supervision of Prof. Lucio Milano and Dr. Eleonora Cussini. I am very grateful to them for guiding me attentively during its preparation and for encouraging with enthusiasm its subsequent development. Prof. Lucio Milano also proposed to publish it with Edizioni Ca’ Foscari and gave much advice on editorial matters. A second, substantial phase in the preparation of this volume was enabled due to a DAAD short- term research grant which allowed me to spend six months (Sept. 2015-Mar. 2016) at the Institut für Orientalistik, Indogermanistik, Ur- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie of the Friederich-Schil- ler-Universität of Jena, Germany. A second stay at the same Institute (Mar.-July 2017) allowed me to refine the catalogue. A thorough revision of this work would not have been possible without the supervision of PD Dr. Christa Müller-Kessler, to whom goes my sincere gratitude for her keen interest in my work, the countless suggestions regarding this research and Aramaic in general, and her gracious hospitality within and beyond Jena. I am grateful also to Prof. Dr. Norbert Nebes and Prof. Dr. Manfred Krebernik, who warmly welcomed me and fostered stimulating discussions of Aramaic and non-Aramaic sources. The chance for exchanging views on Hatran inscriptions with members of the Missione Archeologica Italiana a Hatra represented a major opportunity. I thank the Director, Prof. Roberta Ricciardi Venco, for her generosity in sharing information from the Mission’s archive; a special thank-you to Dr. Enrico Foietta for his enthusiasm in discussing the archaeological context and his impeccable hospitality. My thankfulness goes also to Prof. Marco Moriggi, who showed a great deal of interest in my work and helped in many ways, from checking readings and literature to discussing the numbering of the inscriptions; he also most kindly shared information on unpub- lished graffiti, which contributed significantly to the present volume. The analysis of Hatran names benefitted also from a study of the Aramaic inscriptions from Par- thian Assur which I carried out in Mar. 2017 at the Vorderasiatisches Museum of Berlin, using the photographs of the German Archaeological Mission to Assur. I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Helen Gries for facilitating my stay and for her willingness to discuss several aspects of these texts. Prof. Riccardo Contini, Dr. Paola Corò, Dr. Ermenegildo Nitta, Prof. Fabrizio A. Pennacchietti, and Prof. Dr Wilfred H. van Soldt gave precious advice on various issues concerning Aramaic and Ak- kadian onomastics and suggested bibliographical resources that I would have otherwise missed. The meticulous remarks of three anonymous peer-reviewers led to significant improvements. Finally, I am grateful to Geraldina Rozzi for her help in retrieving useful literature and to Emily Zeran for her painstaking English language check, which saved me from several painful calques. Of course, all mistakes or inaccuracies remain my own. To my family, llwysʾ wlmksms wlmrqs ʾwrlys, whose love and support has never failed, this book is dedicated. Personal Names in the Aramaic Inscriptions of Hatra Enrico Marcato Table of Contents 0 Introduction 11 1 The Numbering of Hatran Inscriptions 17 2 Onomastic Catalogue 21 2.1 Attestations of Personal Names 21 2.2 Incomplete Names 135 3 Linguistic Analysis 141 3.1 Summarizing Charts 141 3.2 Orthographic And Phonological Features 143 3.3 Morphological Features (in Semitic Names) 148 3.4 Syntactical Features (in Semitic Sentence-Names) 152 3.5 Hypocoristic Suffixes to One- and Two-Word Names 153 3.6 Semantic Taxonomy of Hatran Semitic Personal Names 155 4 Religious Significance of Hatran Theophoric Names 163 5 Concordance 169 5.1 Entries in Abbadi (1983), Namensliste and Lexikon 169 5.2 Entries in Abbadi (1983), Unvollständige Namen and Frühere Lesungen als Personennamen 175 5.3 Entries in Abbadi (1983), Familien- Und Stammesnamen 177 5.4 Concordance Between Complete Hatran Names and Abbadi (1983), All Sections 177 5.5 Concordance Between Incomplete Hatran Names and Abbadi (1983), All Sections 186 List of Abbreviations and Bibliography 187 Personal Names in the Aramaic Inscriptions of Hatra Enrico Marcato 0 Introduction Since the first archaeological investigations at the site in the beginning of the 20th century and especially since the resumption of regular exca- vations in the 1950s, the city of Hatra has been recognized as one of the most opulent Mesopotamian sites of the Parthian age. Located
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