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Multi Nominis Grammaticus i “GarciaRamonMNG” — 2013/6/17 — 7:55 — page 1 —#1 i i i i “Prelims” — // — : — page iii — # i EXTRACTEDFROM i i Multi Nominis Grammaticus Studies in Classical and Indo-European linguistics in honor of Alan J. Nussbaum on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday edited by Adam I. Cooper, Jeremy Rau and Michael Weiss Beech Stave Press Ann Arbor New York • i i i i i i i i i i i “GarciaRamonMNG”“TOC” — / —/2013—/6/17:——7:55 page— v page — #2 —#2 i i i N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Table of Contents Preface . vii Bibliography of Alan Nussbaum . ix List of Contributors . xi , Live Life and Die Death: Case Selection of Cognate Accusatives Todd Clary and Datives in Ancient Greek. , Latin danunt ................................................ Michiel de Vaan , Zur Herleitung von lateinisch ¯ebrius ‚trunken‘ Heiner Eichner und s¯obrius ‚nüchtern‘ . , In Defense of Celtic /φ/........................................ Joseph F. Eska , Equivalent Formulae for Zeus Margalit Finkelberg in Their Traditional Context. ˘ , Pre-Italic *-dhi¯e˘ (*-dhieh ) Benjamin W. Fortson IV ˘ 1 versus Pre-Indo-Iranian *-dhi¯oi: Bridging the Gap . , Lat. Opiter, OHG aftero ‘later’, José Luis García Ramón PIE *h op(i)-tero- ‘the one after’ and Related Forms . 1 , Analogical Changes in the History Guðrún Þórhallsdóttir ˘ of Old Icelandic fela ........................................................˘ ˘ , Indogermanisch *h k-u-o-s˘ ,*h ek-u-o-s ‚Pferd, Hengst, Stute’: Olav Hackstein 1 1 Genusindifferenz als morphologische Persistenz . ff, The Tocharian Subjunctive and Preterite in *-a- ............... Jay H. Jasano , The Indo-European, Anatolian, and Tocharian “Secondary” Ronald I. Kim Cases in Typological Perspective . , Fashioning a Coda: Repetition of Clitics Jared S. Klein and Clitic-like Elements in the Rigveda . , The Vedic Paradigm for ‘water’. Alexander Lubotsky , Cutting around “temós”: Evidence from Tocharian. Melanie Malzahn , Hittite “Heteroclite” s-Stems. H. Craig Melchert , Zum urindogermanischen Wort für ‚Hand‘ . Sergio Neri v i i i i i i i “GarciaRamonMNG”“TOC” — / —/2013—/6/17:——7: page55 — vi page — #3 —#3 i i i Contents , A Note on Indo-European In-Laws . Birgit Anette Olsen , Palatalization of Labiovelars in Greek . Holt Parker , Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae ........................ Hayden Pelliccia , Send in the Nouns . Martin Peters , The Lady (Almost) Vanishes . Georges-Jean Pinault , Notes on State-Oriented Verbal Roots, the Caland System, Jeremy Rau and Primary Verb Morphology in Indo-Iranian and Indo-European . , Sekundäre denominale u-Stämme im Hethitischen . Elisabeth Rieken , An Early “Ingvaeonic” Innovation . Don Ringe , Verse Segments and Syntactic Templates Aaron P. Tate in Homeric Philology . , Thoughts on the Virgilian Hexameter. Richard F. Thomas , A Hoarse of a Different Color (Plautus, Poen. ravi¯ ¯o)............ Brent Vine , Etruscan Genitives in -a and -al............................... Rex E. Wallace , Interesting i-Stems in Irish . Michael Weiss , Lycian χawa- ‘sheep’ . Kazuhiko Yoshida Index Verborum . vi i i i i i “GarciaRamonMNG” — 2013/6/17 — 7:55 — page 61 —#4 i i i josé luis garca ramn N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Opiter aftero Lat. , OHG ‘later’, PIE h op(i)-tero- y * 1 ‘the one after’ and Related Forms 1 The Roman praenomen Opiter, gen. Opetris, attested in literary texts and in inscrip- . tions, was understood by the Romans as a designation for a son born after his father’s death who had a still living grandfather. They implicitly assumed that the name re- flected a normal appellative, even if it is not attested as such in Latin, and interpreted it as a possessive compound ‘the one who has his grandfather (o° as a variant of auus) as his father (°piter)’. This is certainly a fine attempt to explain the name ex Latino ipso, but it faces serious objections from the point of view of our modern-day un- derstanding of phonology and word formation (§2). Juret’s alternative explanation, which derives Opiter by haplology from *opi-piter “né après la mort du père”, has the advantage of operating with *opi, but has found no broad acceptance.2 In fact, the name is nowadays considered to be without a convincing etymology.3 The aim of the present paper is to propose an interpretation of Opiter (and of the putative appellative *opiter) as a contrastive -tero-formation built on PIE *h op-, 1 *h opi- ‘after’, namely PLat. *op-tero- or *opi-tero-. The synchronic sense of opiter is a 1 specialization of an original meaning ‘the one after’, which may only be established with the help of comparison beyond the borders of Latin and Italic. The dossier of Opiter is fairly limited: the name is attested in Livy (Opiter Uerginius 2.17.1, 2.54.3, cf. Fest. p. 174.27, 185.38 L), Varro (Opiter Oppius, cf. Fest. p. 476 L), Silius Italicus (10.33), and Quintilian (1.4.25), as well as three times in inscriptions (CIL I2 283, 293, 2449: Praeneste).4 At least one other name may be connected with yThis article has been written as part of the Research Project 2009 SGR 1030 (Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona). A sub-section of this text was delivered as the Loeb Lecture “Indo-European Continuity in Greek and Latin Onomastics,” on April 17th, 2012 to the Department of Classics at Harvard University. It is a pleasant duty to express my gratitude to Ignasi-Xavier Adiego Lajara (Barcelona), H. Craig Melchert (UCLA), Alexander Nikolaev (Harvard), Matilde Serangeli (Köln), Prods O. Skjærvø (Harvard), Michael Weiss (Cornell), and Alan J. Nussbaum (Cornell), who was of course not aware of where this paper would appear, for their remarks and criticism. My warm thanks also go to Karolina Gierej, Marina Schwark, and especially Lena Wolberg (Köln) for her invaluable help in the material preparation of the manuscript. 1Juret 1913:116. 2Only Lindner 2002:228. 3Bader 1962:316f.; Salomies 1987:42 (“Es ist wohl nicht möglich, Opiter sicher zu erklären”); Schmitt 1992:389. The name is not mentioned in de Vaan 2008 s.v. pater. 4References taken from Salomies 1987:41f. 61 From Adam Cooper, Jeremy Rau, and Michael Weiss (eds.), Multi Nominis Grammaticus: Studies in Classical and Indo- European linguistics in honor of Alan J. Nussbaum on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday. Copyright ©2012 Beech Stave Press, Inc. All rights reserved. i i i i i “GarciaRamonMNG” — 2013/6/17 — 7:55 — page 62 —#5 i i i José Luis García Ramón (or derived from) Opiter,5 namely 'Οπ τερος (Diod. Sic.), actually the Greek form of a Latin noun Opiterus*.6 On the other hand, any connection of Opiter with the MN Opitor* (: 'Op τωρ, Dion. Hal. 5.4.91), Opit¯orius* (: 'Opitèrioj, Cass. Dio 41.14) must be ruled out: 'Op τωρ could reflect either an agent noun in -tor- or a “short form” of a compound (perhaps opitulus P. Fest p. 201.20 L opitulus Iuppiter et Opitulator dictus est, quasi opis lator), and neither of these possibilities applies to Opiter, because Italic, unlike Greek, only has evidence for agent nouns in -tor and not in -ter. 2 The ancient tradition is unanimous in interpreting Opiter as a compound of °pater, . designating its bearer as someone possessed of a dead father but a living grandfather when he was born: Lib. de praen. 4: Opiter<uocabatur>qui patre mortuo, auo uiuo gignebatur. Fest. p. 201 L: Opiter est cuius pater auo uiuo mortuus est, ducto uocabulo aut quod obitu patris genitus sit, aut quod auum ob patrem habeat, id est pro patre. CGL 5.508: patre non uiuo, post patris mortem natus.7 The assumption of a connection with pater would appear to be strengthened by the fact that the paradigm of opiter fits, despite some variation (gen. Opiteris or Opitris GL Keil 2.229, abl. Opitre (?) Fest. p. 476 L, gen. Opetris in abbreviations), into the pattern of the 3rd declension. On the other hand, a protoform *auo-pater˘ -(auus, pater) ‘whose father is a grandfather (auus)’,8 whence *au-piter˘ and finally opiter with a (non-urban) development *au > ¯o is excluded, as unequivocally shown by the short scansion of /o-/ in Silius Italicus (10.33.17 sternuntur leto atque Opiter, quos Setia colle).9 The same diYculty applies obviously to the theoretical alternative *au-pater-˘ ‘the one whose father is gone’ (cf. au° of au-fer¯o ‘I carry away’), as Alan Nussbaum kindly points to me (per litteras). Once the possibility of tracing opiter back to a compound with auo˘ ° is excluded, the fact that it follows the 3rd declension does not necessarily imply the existence of a compound with second member °pater. This may be the result of the reanalysis within Latin of an old term, namely an original adjective with contrastive *-tero- (§4) which had become opaque, and was secondarily associated with pater, as I will try to show. 5Perhaps also Opiternius, the name of a Faliscan involved in the Bacchic conspiracy (Liv. 39.17), if it is not to be read as Opicernius (Schulze 1904:203). 6Cf., in the context of other clearly Latin names, Diod. Sic. Bibl. Hist. 12.73.1 ν `RèmV δ ØπÁrcon Ûπαtoi 'Op τερος Loukr»tioj κα LeÚκιος Σργιος Fidhni£thj.
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