Everyday Halq'eméylem for Classroom Teachers

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Everyday Halq'eméylem for Classroom Teachers Everyday Halq’eméylem for Classroom Teachers by Siyámíya Wabiskegagakos Na-na-hum-nees Dianna N. Kay M.Ed., Simon Fraser University, 2005 B.Ed., University of British Columbia, 1999 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Linguistics Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences © Dianna Kay 2019 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2019 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Approval Name: Dianna Kay Degree: Master of Arts Title: Everyday Halq’eméylem for Classroom Teachers Examining Committee: Chair: Nancy Hedberg Professor Marianne Ignace Senior Supervisor Professor Strang Burton Supervisor Instructor Department of Linguistics, University of British Columbia Date Defended/Approved: April 8, 2019 ii Ethics Statement iii Abstract An accumulation of papers, lists, and notes of commonly used phrases in Seabird Island Community School. This document provides information to introduce Upriver Halq’eméylem to a classroom setting, phrases for transition, commands, time management, conversational comments found in a classroom setting, math terms, courtesies, school people, room names, and prayer. Keywords: Upriver Halq’emeylem, Halklomelem, classroom phrases Xá:ytem Ye Lhexwale Sí:yá:m te Xals Te xaxa shxweli Xá:ls e’ leq’aleqel lhe’a te temexw tset, ste’a te Sithikwi, qesu i’westes yelo lhexwale Sí:yá:m kw’es xeyeltes te Halq’emeylem qesu iyolems kw’es i’westes mekw’ ye mestiyexw kw’es xeyeltes te sqweltels, qe ewe lisi xetayutl’olem. Tl’osu kwethatem osu Xá:ytem su la xwa smelmált yutl’olem. Tl’o kwes ewew lisi ste’astexwes kw’es i’westes kw’e mekw’wates xeyeltes te sqweltels. Kwes ewe lisi xeta tl’osu iyolem kw’es mis ye lats’ewmexw kw’etxwals mekw’ te slheq’elomets ye xwexwilmexw. Tl’o kwe’ ewe kw’es toltes kw’es xeyeltes te sqweltels tl’osu e’kw’olem te slhq’elomets. The Great Spirit Xá:ls traveled this land, he taught these three Chiefs how to write their language, and they were supposed to teach everyone how to write their language, but they did not. The Chiefs were heaped into a pile and turned into stone because they were supposed to teach the language to everyone, and because they didn’t people from all different lands will come take all the knowledge from the people, because they wouldn’t learn to write they lost that knowledge. Elizabeth Phillips, Siyámiyatéliyòt, 2002, Stó:lō Shxwel iv Acknowledgements Éy Swáyél éy qw’e sqwáleweltset we eyes ó te’! My family, John Silver and our son Hunter Silver-Kay for keeping me grounded. My sister Karla Kay, my brother Travis Kay, our beloved girl Tayvah, for your love, encouragement and consistent listening ear, I thank you. My loved ones who left on their journey, to the numerous cousins who keep me real, I love you all. Our language teachers – Diane Charlie, Charlene Thomas, Camielle Laslo and Kwosel Pettis – for entertaining my random queries; Seabird Island Band, Council, and Education Committee for your trust and commitment to our language; Cindy Kelly, for realizing our commitment to the preservation of our Upriver Halq’eméylem and support; I thank you all. Motivation, energy, and strength yálh yuw kw'a's hò:y Koylamot, thank you Mary Stewart for presenting this whole educational endeavour to me. From the Halq’eméylem treasure shelves of Lalme’Iwesawtexw, I cumulated a list of Halq’eméylem Classroom phrases and wordlist for our classroom teachers. In a short period of time and in consultation with the classroom teachers of Seabird Island Community School, this document was formed. Contributions from shelves and notes: Lalme’Iwesawtexw Iwesteleqselh (Edna Bobb, Joe Aleck, Shirley Julian, Evelyn Peters), Kwosel Pettis, Laura Wealick, Mary Stewart, Dr. Susan Russell, Dr. Elizabeth Phillips, Stó:lō Shxweli, Jared Deck, and Dr. Strang Burton. Please remember, the x is the hard x on the Halq’eméylem phoneme. This resource used authentic text from the contributors, and was not vetted for accuracy or common spelling; please double check the orthography with your language lead. l stl'í: tl'eléwe, s'ólh tál, Kwelaxtelot, (This is for you, our mother, Evelyn Peters) Siyámíya Dianna Nadine Kay Wiyóth kwsu éys te sqwálewels te lólets’e. (always be a person with good thoughts) Coqualeetza Elder’s Group, 1968 v Table of Contents Approval ............................................................................................................................ ii Ethics Statement ...............................................................................................................iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................ iv Xá:ytem Ye Lhexwale Sí:yá:m te Xals .......................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. vi List of Tables ....................................................................................................................xii List of Figures...................................................................................................................xii Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Seabird Island Community School “Where Technology Meets Culture” ................. 1 1.2. Why? The Project .................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1. Responding To the Needs of The Iwesteleq ................................................... 2 Why the Need Exists & Who Is Effected .................................................................... 2 1.3. The Plan .................................................................................................................. 3 1.3.1. Lesson Plans for Implementation .................................................................... 3 Lesson 1 .................................................................................................................... 3 Lesson 2 .................................................................................................................... 5 Lesson 3 .................................................................................................................... 9 Lesson 4 .................................................................................................................. 13 Lesson 5 .................................................................................................................. 16 Lesson 6 - REVIEW ................................................................................................. 19 1.4. Implementation ...................................................................................................... 21 1.5. Outcomes .............................................................................................................. 22 1.6. How is language policy created & changed in Seabird Island? ............................ 22 1.7. Seabird Language Policy Points of Interest .......................................................... 23 1.8. Qwóqwel tel Halq’eméylem: Speakers of Halq’eméylem ....................................... 24 1.8.1. Seabird Island Community School Language Profile .................................... 25 Ethnologue For Halkomelem ................................................................................... 25 Chapter 2. Halq’eméylem and Contact ..................................................................... 26 2.1. Upriver Halq’eméylem and Seabird Island ............................................................ 26 2.2. Varieties of Halklomelem that make Upriver Halq’eméylem ................................. 27 Chapter 3. The Sounds of Upriver Halq’eméylem ................................................... 28 3.1. How the Phoneme Chart began. ........................................................................... 28 3.2. Sounds of Upriver Halq’eméylem .......................................................................... 29 3.2.1. Halq’eméylem Sounds and English Comparison from Galloway’s “How to teach a Class” .............................................................................................................. 29 3.2.2. Dipthongs ...................................................................................................... 30 3.2.3. Louder, Higher, Longer Vowel Sounds ......................................................... 30 3.2.4. Halq’eméylem Consonants Found in English ............................................... 31 3.2.5. Halq’emeylem Sounds not Found in English ................................................ 32 vi Blowing Sounds ....................................................................................................... 32 3.3. Teaching the Phoneme ......................................................................................... 33 Chapter 4. School Rules ............................................................................................ 36 Chapter 5. Morning Protocol ..................................................................................... 37 5.1. Morning Assembly ................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Halkomelem Denominal Verbs' 1 Denominal Verbs
    Halkomelem denominal verbs' Donna B. Gerdts and Thomas E. Hukari Simon Fraser University and University of Victoria Halkomelem has four denominal verb prefixes: c- 'have, get, make, do', I-'ingest, partake', txW- 'buy', i- 'go to'. These prefixes attach to nominal bases to form intransitive verbs. The noun to which the prefix attaches is usually unspecified, generic, or non-individuated and can be doubled with a free­ standing nominal of more specific meaning. Syntactically, this nominal is an oblique object, parallel to patients of antipassive or applicative constructions. Denominal verb constructions are widely used, especially for denoting possession. As in the case of denominal verbs in other languages, they can be formed­ quite freely, as long as the situation allows for an interpretation. 1 Denominal verbs Some intransitive verbs in Halkomelem are composed of a noun base, such as stiqiw 'horse', 8X wimel 'store', or sqew8 'potato', together with a verbalizing prefix.2 These forms appear in a denominal verb construction, where the derived form serves as an intransitive verb.3 I We would like to express our appreciation to the speakers of Island Halkomelem who have provide data for this paper, especially Arnold Guerin, Ruby Peter, and Theresa Thome. We appreciate editorial assistance from Kaoru Kiyosawa, Todd Peterson, and Charles Ulrich. Thanks to audiences at BLS, CLA, and WSCLA for comments on earlier versions of this paper. Funding for our research comes from a Jacobs Fund Grant and SSHRC Standard Research Grants #410-2001-1335 and #410-96-1247. 2 The nominal prefix s- disappears after c- and /- but not after tx w_ and i-.
    [Show full text]
  • Native American Languages, Indigenous Languages of the Native Peoples of North, Middle, and South America
    Native American Languages, indigenous languages of the native peoples of North, Middle, and South America. The precise number of languages originally spoken cannot be known, since many disappeared before they were documented. In North America, around 300 distinct, mutually unintelligible languages were spoken when Europeans arrived. Of those, 187 survive today, but few will continue far into the 21st century, since children are no longer learning the vast majority of these. In Middle America (Mexico and Central America) about 300 languages have been identified, of which about 140 are still spoken. South American languages have been the least studied. Around 1500 languages are known to have been spoken, but only about 350 are still in use. These, too are disappearing rapidly. Classification A major task facing scholars of Native American languages is their classification into language families. (A language family consists of all languages that have evolved from a single ancestral language, as English, German, French, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Hindi, and others have all evolved from Proto-Indo-European.) Because of the vast number of languages spoken in the Americas, and the gaps in our information about many of them, the task of classifying these languages is a challenging one. In 1891, Major John Wesley Powell proposed that the languages of North America constituted 58 independent families, mainly on the basis of superficial vocabulary resemblances. At the same time Daniel Brinton posited 80 families for South America. These two schemes form the basis of subsequent classifications. In 1929 Edward Sapir tentatively proposed grouping these families into superstocks, 6 in North America and 15 in Middle America.
    [Show full text]
  • Communicating the Cultural Values of a Sacred Mountain Through Collaboration with the Sts’Ailes Nation of British Columbia
    COMMUNICATING THE CULTURAL VALUES OF A SACRED MOUNTAIN THROUGH COLLABORATION WITH THE STS’AILES NATION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA by In Ae Kim B.Sc., Kangwon National University, 2003 M.Sc., Seoul National University, 2005 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Forestry) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) September 2016 © In Ae Kim, 2016 Abstract This research provides communication strategies for First Nations and forestry agencies in British Columbia. I have used a community-based, participatory, and case study approach to conduct an in-depth study of conflict resolution between Sts’ailes, a Coast Salish First Nation located near Vancouver, and the British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (hereinafter the Ministry of Forests). This study identifies the cultural uses of forest resources among Sts’ailes people and communication challenges central to the conflict, and suggests strategies that can help to achieve meaningful communication and collaboration between First Nations people and forestry staff. The ultimate purpose of this study is to explore cultural values related to forest management among the Sts’ailes Nation and to explore the dynamics of their communication process, focusing on Kweh-Kwuch-Hum, a sacred mountain located on Sts’ailes traditional land. This study asks how First Nations can make themselves heard when “speaking” about cultural values within the context of forest management. It describes Sts’ailes people’s ways of using and maintaining access to forestlands and resources. The cultural values of forest uses are important to the revitalization of the Sts’ailes way of life, cultural identity and well- being.
    [Show full text]
  • P a C I F I C R E G I
    PACIFIC REGION INTEGRATED FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN SALMON SOUTHERN B.C. JUNE 1, 2005 - MAY 31, 2006 Oncorhynchus spp This Integrated Fisheries Management Plan is intended for general purposes only. Where there is a discrepancy between the Plan and the Fisheries Act and Regulations, the Act and Regulations are the final authority. A description of Areas and Subareas referenced in this Plan can be found in the Pacific Fishery Management Area Regulations. TABLE OF CONTENTS DEPARTMENT CONTACTS INDEX OF INTERNET-BASED INFORMATION GLOSSARY 1. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................11 2. GENERAL CONTEXT .............................................................................................................12 2.1. Background.................................................................................................................12 2.2. New Directions ...........................................................................................................12 2.3. Species at Risk Act .....................................................................................................15 2.4. First Nations and Canada’s Fisheries Framework ......................................................16 2.5. Pacific Salmon Treaty.................................................................................................17 2.6. Research......................................................................................................................17
    [Show full text]
  • From the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority to the Review Panel Re
    Vancouver Fraser Port Aut11or1ty M,~\ PORTof 100 The Pointe, 999 Canada Place Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6C 3T4 '-f1 vancouver portvancouver.com May 8, 2019 Jocelyne Beaudet Panel Chair, Roberts Bank Terminal 2 Project C/O Cindy Parker, Panel Manager, Roberts Bank Terminal 2 Project Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency 22nd Floor, Place Bell, 160 Elgin Street Ottawa, ON KlA 0H3 Dear Mme. Beaudet, RE: Response to Biofilm and Shorebirds Component (Chapters 4.1, 5.4, and related appendices) of Environment and Climate Change Canada Submission (CEAR Document #1637) The Vancouver Fraser Port Authority (VFPA) is submitting to the Review Panel a response to the biofilm and shorebird component of Environment and Climate Change Canada's (ECCC's) April 15, 2019 written submission (CEAR Document #1637). The VFPA's intent in providing this response is to support further dialogue at the public hearing. Note that this response is specific to the biofilm and shorebirds component of ECCC's submission (Chapters 4.1, 5.4, and related appendices). We are also providing a copy of this letter and the enclosed response to ECCC. The VFPA acknowledges all comments provided by ECCC in their April 15, 2019 written submission on other topics, including air quality, species at risk, lighting, wetlands, and accidents and malfunctions. The VFPA has reviewed these comments in full and looks forward to further discussion at the public hearing on all topics raised in ECCC's written submission. Per the Public Hearing Procedures for the Roberts Bank Terminal 2 Project, CVs for each contributor to this submission are also provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons from Halkomelem Salish
    University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics Volume 13 2007 Issue 1 Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Article 28 Linguistics Colloquium 2007 Requirements for a unified Binding Theory: Lessons from Halkomelem Salish Dennis R. Storoshenko Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl Recommended Citation Storoshenko, Dennis R. (2007) "Requirements for a unified Binding Theory: Lessons from Halkomelem Salish," University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: Vol. 13 : Iss. 1 , Article 28. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol13/iss1/28 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol13/iss1/28 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Requirements for a unified Binding Theory: Lessons from Halkomelem Salish This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol13/iss1/28 Requirements for a Unified Binding Theory: Lessons from Halkomelem Salish Dennis Ryan Storoshenko* 1 Introduction In characterizing the distribution of pronouns and reflexives in natural lan­ guage, two schools of thought are generally cited. One, which I will refer to as the structural approach, is based in the binding conditions of Chomsky (1981), as modified through later permutations of his syntactic theory. An­ other approach, defined in Reinhart and Reuland (1993 ), makes reference to predicate-argument structure; this will be identified as the predicate approach. In this paper, I present data on reflexivity and the distribution pronominals in Halkomelem Salish, demonstrating that neither the structural nor the predicate approach will accurately account for the phenomena observed. Once reached, this conclusion will feed further research into binding theory, outlining the phenomena a unified binding theory will need to capture.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum and Resources for First Nations Language Programs in BC First Nations Schools
    Curriculum and Resources for First Nations Language Programs in BC First Nations Schools Resource Directory Curriculum and Resources for First Nations Language Programs in BC First Nations Schools Resource Directory: Table of Contents and Section Descriptions 1. Linguistic Resources Academic linguistics articles, reference materials, and online language resources for each BC First Nations language. 2. Language-Specific Resources Practical teaching resources and curriculum identified for each BC First Nations language. 3. Adaptable Resources General curriculum and teaching resources which can be adapted for teaching BC First Nations languages: books, curriculum documents, online and multimedia resources. Includes copies of many documents in PDF format. 4. Language Revitalization Resources This section includes general resources on language revitalization, as well as resources on awakening languages, teaching methods for language revitalization, materials and activities for language teaching, assessing the state of a language, envisioning and planning a language program, teacher training, curriculum design, language acquisition, and the role of technology in language revitalization. 5. Language Teaching Journals A list of journals relevant to teachers of BC First Nations languages. 6. Further Education This section highlights opportunities for further education, training, certification, and professional development. It includes a list of conferences and workshops relevant to BC First Nations language teachers, and a spreadsheet of post‐ secondary programs relevant to Aboriginal Education and Teacher Training - in BC, across Canada, in the USA, and around the world. 7. Funding This section includes a list of funding sources for Indigenous language revitalization programs, as well as a list of scholarships and bursaries available for Aboriginal students and students in the field of Education, in BC, across Canada, and at specific institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Speech, Language and Hearing Services to First Nations, Inuit and Métis Children in Canada, with a Focus on Children 0 to 6 Years of Age
    Speech, Language and Hearing Services to First Nations, Inuit and Métis Children in Canada, with a Focus on Children 0 to 6 Years of Age Speech, Language and Hearing Services to First Nations, Inuit and Métis Children in Canada, with a Focus on Children 0 to 6 Years of Age Speech, Language and Hearing Services to First Nations, Inuit and Métis Children in Canada, with a Focus on Children 0 to 6 Years of Age December 2010 © 2010, CASLPA Copyright is held by the Canadian Association of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed in any manner (electronic, mechanical, photocopy, or otherwise) without written permission from CASLPA. Contact [email protected] To cite appropriate credit must be given (CASLPA, publication name and page number[s]). Speech, Language and Hearing Services to First Nations, Inuit and Métis Children in Canada, with a Focus on Children 0 to 6 Years of Age Speech, LanguageLanguage and and Hearing Hearing Services Services to to Indigenous First Nations, People inInuit Canada, and Métis Australia, Children New in Zealand Canada, and with the a UnitedFocus on States: Children 0A toLiterature 6 Years of Review Age and Report on Key Informant Interviews October 2010 © 2010, CASLPA Copyright is held by the Canadian Association of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed in any manner (electronic, mechanical, photocopy, or otherwise) without written permission from CASLPA. Contact [email protected] To cite appropriate credit must be given (CASLPA, publication name and page number[s]).
    [Show full text]
  • Fraser Chinook Management Plan
    2007 Information Document to Assist Development of a Fraser Chinook Management Plan RECORD OF REVISIONS Plan: 2007 Fraser River Chinook Information Document Date last revised: Wednesday, February 21, 2007 Version Number: 2 (this number will change if amendments are issued in-season) # Date Page Subject Revision Details Contact E Feb. 21 38 Recreational Catch Figure Corrected. E Feb. 21 43 Recreational Catch Mabel Lake corrected ADDITIONAL NOTES: Table of Contents TABLE OF APPENDICES .........................................................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................................................4 1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................5 2. LIFECYCLE..................................................................................................................................................5 3. GENERAL CONTEXT.................................................................................................................................6 3.1. POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES...........................................6 3.2. PACIFIC SALMON TREATY (PST) .................................................................................................................7 3.3. SPECIAL CONCERNS FOR 2007.....................................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • The Lack of Tense As a Syntactic Category Evidence from Blackfoot and Halkomeleml
    The lack of tense as a syntactic category Evidence from Blackfoot and Halkomeleml Elizabeth Ritter U of Calgary Martina Wiltschko University of British Columbia In this paper we argue that Blackfoot (Algonquian) and Halkomelem (Salish) lack the functional category tense. As a consequence, these languages lack all syntactic and semantic properties of the head tense as well as the phrasal position associated with tense (SpecTP). The analysis which postulates the absence of the functional category tense is contrasted with an analysis whereby tense is universally present but the­ morpheme inventory associated with T differs cross­ linguistically. It is concluded on empirical and theoretical basis that an approach whereby tense is absent fares better .. Consequently, it is argued that the inventory of functional categories in a given language is an important source of cross­ linguistic variation. 1 On grammatical categories and the absence thereof It is a common assumption among American Structuralists as well as modem typologists that languages differ with regard to the grammatical categories they express. A case in point is the expression of tense which appears to vary across languages as noted for example by Mithun 1999: A number of languages contain no grammatical tense categories at all. [ ... J As elsewhere in the world, languages in North America differ greatly in their tense systems, not only in their inventories of tense categories, but also in the nature of these categories and the uses speakers make of them. Mithun 1999: 152 In this tradition, a common way to make the distinction between the presence and absence of a grammatical category tense is by classifying the 1 We would like to thank the Halkomelem elders Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Report on the Status of B.C First Nations Languages
    Report on the Status of B.C. First Nations Languages 2010 Tsilhqot’in Dakelh (ᑕᗸᒡ) Gitsenimx̱ Nisg̱a’a Hul’q’umi’num Nsyilxcən St̓át̓imcets Nedut’en Dane-Zaa (ᑕᓀ ᖚ) Nłeʔkepmxcín Halq’eméylem Kwak̓wala Secwepemctsin Lekwungen Wetsuwet’en Nuučaan̓uɫ Hən̓q̓əm̓inəm̓ enaksialak̓ala SENĆOŦEN Tāłtān Malchosen Semiahmoo T’Sou-ke Dene K’e Nuxalk X̱aaydaa Kil Sm̓algya̱x Hailhzaqvla Éy7á7juuthem Ktunaxa Tse’khene Danezāgé’ X̱aad Kil Diitiidʔaatx̣ Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim “…I was beginning to fear that our language was slowly She shashishalhem Łingít disappearing, especially as each Elder is put into the ground.” Nicola Clara Camille, secwepemctsin speaker Pəntl’áč Wetalh Ski:xs Oowekyala prepared by the First peoples’ heritage, language and Culture CounCil The First Peoples’ Heritage, Language and Culture Council (First We sincerely thank the B.C. First Nations language revitalization Peoples’ Council) is a provincial Crown Corporation dedicated to First experts for the expertise and input they provided. Nations languages, arts and culture. Since its formation in 1990, the Dr. Lorna Williams First Peoples’ Council has distributed over $21.5 million to communi- Mandy Na’zinek Jimmie, M.A. ties to fund arts, language and culture projects. Maxine Baptiste, M.A. Dr. Ewa Czaykowski-Higgins The Board and Advisory Committee of the First Peoples’ Council consist of First Nations community representatives from across B.C. We are grateful to the three language communities featured in our case studies that provided us with information on the exceptional The First Peoples’ Council Mandate, as laid out in the First Peoples’ language revitalization work they are doing. Council Act, is to: Nuučaan̓uɫ (Barclay Dialect) • Preserve, restore and enhance First Nations’ heritage, language Halq’emeylem (Upriver Halkomelem) and culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudo Noun Incorporation in Blackfoot ∗
    Pseudo Noun Incorporation in Blackfoot ∗ Michael Barrie Moonhyun Sung Sogang University Sogang University December 4, 2019 1 Nutshell 1.1 Empirical • Pseudo noun incorporation (PNI) in Blackfoot • contrast PNI data from younger speaker with that from older speakers • younger speakers: more freedom in movement of PNI object • examine prosodic properties of PNI • prosodic boundary between V and full object (final-devoicing) • no prosodic boundary between V and PNI object 1.2 Theoretical • PNI results from "nominal restructuring" • PNI object is a reduced or "smaller" phrase - no DP or KP • will relate size of PNI nominal to phase structure • redundancy: prosodic hierarchy and syntactic hierarchy (phases) • one can be eliminated ∗We wish to thank the Blackfoot speakers in Alberta, Canada, without whom this research could not have happened: Daniel Crazy Bull, Randa Weasel Head, Brent Prairiechicken, Shelly Prairiechicken, Sandra Manyfeath- ers. All errors and shortcomings are our own. This work was supported by Global Research Network program through the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF- 2017S1A2A2039972). 1 2 Background 2.1 Syntactic Structure • Assume the following structures for nominals and for clauses (1) a. nominal structure: KP > DP > NumP > nP > NP b. clausal structure: CP > TP > AspP > vP > VP • KP - Case Phrase (K=Case) - encodes case morphology (LaMontagne and Travis, 1987) • DP - Determiner Phrase (Abney, 1987; Szabolcsi, 1983) • NumP - Number Phrase (Ritter, 1992)
    [Show full text]